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Wen L, Sun L, Chen R, Li Q, Lai X, Cao J, Lai Z, Zhang Z, Li Q, Song G, Sun S, Cao F. Metabolome and Microbiome Analysis to Study the Flavor of Summer Black Tea Improved by Stuck Fermentation. Foods 2023; 12:3414. [PMID: 37761123 PMCID: PMC10527649 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is the most popular and widely consumed beverage worldwide, especially black tea. Summer tea has a bitter and astringent taste and low aroma compared to spring tea due to the higher content of polyphenols and lower content of amino acids. Microbial fermentation is routinely used to improve the flavor of various foods. This study analyzed the relationship between the quality of black tea, metabolic characteristics, and microbial communities after microbial stuck fermentation in summer black tea. Stuck fermentation decreased the bitterness, astringency sourness, and freshness, and increased the sweetness, mellowness, and smoothness of summer black tea. The aroma also changed from sweet and floral to fungal, with a significant improvement in overall quality. Metabolomics analysis revealed significant changes in 551 non-volatile and 345 volatile metabolites after fermentation. The contents of compounds with bitter and astringent taste were decreased. Sweet flavor saccharides and aromatic lipids, and acetophenone and isophorone that impart fungal aroma showed a marked increase. These changes are the result of microbial activities, especially the secretion of extracellular enzymes. Aspergillus, Pullululanibacillus, and Bacillus contribute to the reduction of bitterness and astringency in summer black teas after stuck fermentation, and Paenibacillus and Basidiomycota_gen_Incertae_sedis contribute positively to sweetness. In addition, Aspergillus was associated with the formation of fungal aroma. In summary, our research will provide a suitable method for the improvement of tea quality and utilization of summer tea, as well as provide a reference for innovation and improvement in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Wen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China;
| | - Lingli Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Junxi Cao
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhaoxiang Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qian Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China;
| | - Guang Song
- Guangzhou Yitang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510277, China;
| | - Shili Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Fanrong Cao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China;
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Paper-based dots and smartphone for detecting counterfeit country eggs. Food Chem 2023; 403:134484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Xie H, Bai G, Lu P, Li H, Fei M, Xiao BG, Chen XJ, Tong ZJ, Wang ZY, Yang DH. Exogenous citric acid enhances drought tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:333-343. [PMID: 34879179 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids play a pivotal role in improving plant response to long-term drought stress. External application of organic acids has been reported to improve drought resistance in several species. However, whether organic acids have similar effects in tobacco remains unknown. A screening study of the protective function of organic acids in tobacco and understanding the underlying molecular mechanism would be useful in developing a strategy for drought tolerance. Several physiological and molecular adaptations to drought including abscisic acid, stomatal closure, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, amino acid accumulation, and drought-responsive gene expression were observed by exogenous citric acid in tobacco plants. Exogenous application of 50 mm citric acid to tobacco plants resulted in higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, relative water content, abscisic acid content and lower stomatal conductance, transpiration and water loss under drought conditions. Moreover, reactive oxygen species homeostasis was better maintained through increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing hydrogen peroxide content after citric acid pretreatment under drought. Amino acids involved in the TCA cycle accumulated after external application of citric acid under drought stress. Furthermore, several drought stress-responsive genes also dramatically changed after application of citric acid. These data support the idea that external application of citric acid enhances drought resistance by affecting physiological and molecular regulation in tobacco. This study provides clear insights into mechanistic details of regulation of amino acid and stress-responsive gene expression by citric acid in tobacco in response to drought, which is promising for minimizing growth inhibition in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - G Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - P Lu
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - H Li
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - M Fei
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - B-G Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - X-J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Z-J Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Z-Y Wang
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Sugarcane Research Center, Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute, Zhanjiang, China
| | - D-H Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Liang S, Granato D, Zou C, Gao Y, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Yin JF, Zhou W, Xu YQ. Processing technologies for manufacturing tea beverages: From traditional to advanced hybrid processes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zheng Q, Li W, Gao X. The effect of storage time on tea Polyphenols, catechin compounds, total flavones and the biological activity of Ya’an Tibetan tea (
Camellia sinensis
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoran Zheng
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering Yangtze Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering Yangtze Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Xiaoxv Gao
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering Yangtze Normal University Chongqing China
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Lin ZH, Chen CS, Zhong QS, Ruan QC, Chen ZH, You XM, Shan RY, Li XL. The GC-TOF/MS-based Metabolomic analysis reveals altered metabolic profiles in nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:506. [PMID: 34727870 PMCID: PMC8561955 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly considered as one of the most important limiting factors in the agricultural production. As a result, a large amount of N fertilizer is used to improve the yield in modern tea production. Unfortunately, the large amount of N fertilizer input has led to increased plant nitrogen-tolerance and decreased amplitude of yield improvement, which results in significant N loss, energy waste and environment pollution. However, the effects of N-deficiency on the metabolic profiles of tea leaves and roots are not well understood. RESULTS In this study, seedlings of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze Chunlv 2 were treated with 3 mM NH4NO3 (Control) or without NH4NO3 (N-deficiency) for 4 months by sandy culture. The results suggested that N-deficiency induced tea leaf chlorosis, impaired biomass accumulation, decreased the leaf chlorophyll content and N absorption when they were compared to the Control samples. The untargeted metabolomics based on GC-TOF/MS approach revealed a discrimination of the metabolic profiles between N-deficient tea leaves and roots. The identification and classification of the altered metabolites indicated that N deficiency upregulated the relative abundances of most phenylpropanoids and organic acids, while downregulated the relative abundances of most amino acids in tea leaves. Differentially, N-deficiency induced the accumulation of most carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids in tea roots. The potential biomarkers screened in N-deficient leaves compared to Control implied that N deficiency might reduce the tea quality. Unlike the N-deficient leaves, the potential biomarkers in N-deficient roots indicated an improved stress response might occur in tea roots. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated N deficiency had different effects on the primary and secondary metabolism in tea leaves and roots. The findings of this study will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the N-deficient tea plants and provide a valuable reference for the optimized N nutrient management and the sustainable development in the tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-He Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China.
| | - Chang-Song Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Qiu-Sheng Zhong
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Qi-Chun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Xiao-Mei You
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Rui-Yang Shan
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Xin-Lei Li
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
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Li H, Guo H, Luo Q, Wu DT, Zou L, Liu Y, Li HB, Gan RY. Current extraction, purification, and identification techniques of tea polyphenols: An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34702110 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1995843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tea, as a beverage, has been reputed for its health benefits and gained worldwide popularity. Tea polyphenols, especially catechins, as the main bioactive compounds in tea, exhibit diverse health benefits and have wide applications in the food industry. The development of tea polyphenol-incorporated products is dependent on the extraction, purification, and identification of tea polyphenols. Recent years, many green and novel extraction, purification, and identification techniques have been developed for the preparation of tea polyphenols. This review, therefore, introduces the classification of tea and summarizes the main conventional and novel techniques for the extraction of polyphenols from various tea products. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are also intensively discussed and compared. In addition, the purification and identification techniques are summarized. It is hoped that this updated review can provide a research basis for the green and efficient extraction, purification, and identification of tea polyphenols, which can facilitate their utilization in the production of various functional food products and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Citric Acid-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137235. [PMID: 34281289 PMCID: PMC8268203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have shown that citric acid/citrate (CA) can confer abiotic stress tolerance to plants. Exogenous CA application leads to improved growth and yield in crop plants under various abiotic stress conditions. Improved physiological outcomes are associated with higher photosynthetic rates, reduced reactive oxygen species, and better osmoregulation. Application of CA also induces antioxidant defense systems, promotes increased chlorophyll content, and affects secondary metabolism to limit plant growth restrictions under stress. In particular, CA has a major impact on relieving heavy metal stress by promoting precipitation, chelation, and sequestration of metal ions. This review summarizes the mechanisms that mediate CA-regulated changes in plants, primarily CA’s involvement in the control of physiological and molecular processes in plants under abiotic stress conditions. We also review genetic engineering strategies for CA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance. Finally, we propose a model to explain how CA’s position in complex metabolic networks involving the biosynthesis of phytohormones, amino acids, signaling molecules, and other secondary metabolites could explain some of its abiotic stress-ameliorating properties. This review summarizes our current understanding of CA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance and highlights areas where additional research is needed.
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Wang M, Liu X, Zhang Z, Yu J, Liu J, Wu Y. Phytochemicals and bioactive analysis of different sweet tea (Lithocarpus litseifolius [Hance] Chun) varieties. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13183. [PMID: 32180255 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the constituent phytochemicals and biological activities of six Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun (L. litseifolius) cultivars. Processed by UPLC-MS/MS and untargeted metabolomics analysis software (MS-DIAL and MS-FINDER), components of different L. litseifolius cultivars were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of spectra, MS/MS fragmentation, and retention time, 40 compounds (including 6 phenolic glycosides and 34 flavonoids) were identified rapidly and accurately. Moreover, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant, antimicrobial effects, and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell viability of different L. litseifolius varieties were evaluated. Purple small leaf (PSL) was found to be the most superior variety with the highest antioxidant activities (8.27, 10.09, and 10.80 mg TE/g for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, respectively), broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and lowest cell cytotoxicity. The results showed that these bioactivities were closely related to phytochemicals among the six cultivars. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: L. litseifolius is well known as an important folk drink in the Southern China folklore for its specific efficacy in preventing diabetes. However, there is still a paucity of information on L. litseifolius, as other active components and bioactivities of it remain to be investigated. The wide range of flavonoids discovered in L. litseifolius provides abundant natural health-promoting agents for further applications in medicine and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zejie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Effective Utilizing of Wood & Bamboo Resources, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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