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Banaeeyeh S, Afkhami-Goli A, Moosavi Z, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-mitophagy effects of trans sodium crocetinate on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in BALB/C57 mice. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:783-801. [PMID: 38739183 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the degeneration of myelin and inflammation in the central nervous system. Trans sodium crocetinate (TSC), a novel synthetic carotenoid compound, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of TSC against the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established model for MS. Female BALB/C57 mice were divided into different groups, including control, EAE, vehicle, TSC-treated (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, administered via gavage) + EAE, methyl prednisone acetate + EAE, and TSC-treated (100 mg/kg, administered via gavage for 28 days) groups. EAE was induced using MOG35-55, complete Freund's adjuvant, and pertussis toxin. In the mice spinal cord tissues, the oxidative markers (GSH and MDA) were measured using spectrophotometry and histological evaluation was performed. Mitophagic pathway proteins (PINK1and PARKIN) and inflammatory factors (IL-1β and TNF-α) were evaluated by western blot. Following 21 days post-induction, EAE mice exhibited weight loss, and the paralysis scores increased on day 13 but recovered after TSC (100 mg/kg) administration on day 16. Furthermore, TSC (50 and 100 mg/kg) reversed the altered levels of MDA and GSH in the spinal cord tissue of EAE mice. TSC (100 mg/kg) also decreased microgliosis, demyelination, and the levels of inflammatory markers IL-1β and TNF-α. Notably, TSC (100 mg/kg) modulated the mitophagy pathway by reducing PINK1 and Parkin protein levels. These findings demonstrate that TSC protects spinal cord tissue against EAE-induced MS through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-mitophagy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Banaeeyeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Afkhami-Goli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Moosavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Pourmousavi L, Asadi RH, Zehsaz F, Jadidi RP. Potential therapeutic effects of crocin. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03131-6. [PMID: 38758225 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Crocin, a natural bioactive compound derived from saffron (Crocus sativus) and other Crocus genera, has gained significant attention recently due to its potential therapeutic properties. The multifaceted nature of crocin's biological effects has piqued the interest of researchers and health enthusiasts, prompting further investigations into its mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications. This review article comprehensively explores the emerging evidence supporting crocin's role as a promising ally in protecting against metabolic disorders. The review covers the molecular mechanisms underlying crocin's beneficial effects and highlights its potential applications in preventing and treating diverse pathological conditions. Understanding the mechanisms through which crocin exerts its protective effects could advance scientific knowledge and offer potential avenues for developing novel therapeutic interventions. As we uncover the potential of crocin as a valuable ally in the fight against disorders, it becomes evident that nature's palette holds remarkable solutions for enhancing our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pourmousavi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Zehsaz
- Department of Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Zandi A, Matinhomaee H, Moradi L. Comparison of the Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic Training and Ozone Therapy on Selected Heart Variables in Rats with Osteoarthritis. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ramaiah P, Patra I, Abbas A, Fadhil AA, Abohassan M, Al-Qaim ZH, Hameed NM, Al-Gazally ME, Kemil Almotlaq SS, Mustafa YF, Shiravand Y. Mitofusin-2 in cancer: Friend or foe? Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109395. [PMID: 36176224 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a category of disorders characterized by excessive cell proliferation with the ability to infiltrate or disseminate to other organs of the body. Mitochondrial dysfunction, as one of the most prominent hallmarks of cancer cells, has been related to the onset and development of various cancers. Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) is a major mediator of mitochondrial fusion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria interaction, mitophagy and axonal transport of mitochondria. Available data have shown that MFN2, which its alterations have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, could affect cancer initiation and progression. In fact, it showed that MFN2 may have a double-edged sword effect on cancer fate. Precisely, it demonstrated that MFN2, as a tumor suppressor, induces cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation via Ca2+ and Bax-mediated apoptosis and increases P21 and p27 levels, respectively. It also could suppress cell survival via inhibiting PI3K/Akt, Ras-ERK1/2-cyclin D1 and mTORC2/Akt signaling pathways. On the other hand, MFN2, as an oncogene, could increase cancer invasion via snail-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in vivo tumorigenesis. While remarkable progress has been achieved in recent decades, further exploration is required to elucidate whether MFN2 could be a friend or it's an enemy. This study aimed to highlight the different functions of MFN2 in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anum Abbas
- Basic Health Unit, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Abdulhussain Fadhil
- College of Medical Technology, Medical Lab Techniques, Al-farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Abohassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul-41001, Iraq
| | - Yavar Shiravand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Boozari M, Hosseinzadeh H. Crocin molecular signaling pathways at a glance: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3859-3884. [PMID: 35989419 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Crocin is a hydrophilic carotenoid that is synthesized in the flowers of the Crocus genus. Numerous in vitro and in vivo research projects have been published about the biological and pharmacological properties and toxicity of crocin. Crocin acts as a memory enhancer, anxiolytic, aphrodisiac, antidepressant, neuroprotective, and so on. Here, we introduce an updated and comprehensive review of crocin molecular mechanisms based on previously examined and mentioned in the literature. Different studies confirmed the significant effect of crocin to control pathological conditions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The neuroprotective effect of crocin could be related to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Notch, and cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein signaling pathways. The crocin also protects the cardiovascular system through the inhibitory effect on toll-like receptors. The regulatory effect of crocin on PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMP-activated protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways can play an effective role in the treatment of metabolic disorders. The crocin has anticancer activity through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, vascular endothelial growth factor, Wnt/β-catenin, and Janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription suppression. Also, the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 and p53 signaling pathway activation may be effective in the anticancer effect of crocin. Finally, among signaling pathways regulated by crocin, the most important ones seem to be those related to the regulatory effect on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Xie X, Zhang M, Sun L, Wang T, Zhu Z, Shu R, Wu F, Li Z. Crocin-I Protects Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:894089. [PMID: 36034852 PMCID: PMC9403484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.894089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocin-I can regulate physiological changes in the human body by altering inflammation and microbial composition. Gut microbiota are also involved in modulating the pathophysiology of obesity. However, crocin-I’s effect on obesity and the mechanism underlying its effects on gut microbiota and inflammation remain poorly understood. Here, high-fat diet (HFD) -induced obese mice were administrated crocin-I (20 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks using an oral gavage (HFD-C20 group). HFD-C20, HFD, and Normal chow (NC) groups were compared. The fat content, colon tissue inflammatory cytokine levels, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels were measured. We show that crocin-I reduced body weight and liver weight and improved glucose resistance in HFD-induced mice, and reduced the lipid accumulation in the liver. Strikingly, crocin-I alleviated intestinal microbial disorders and decreased the F/B ratio and the abundance of Proteobacteria in HFD-induced obese mice. Crocin-I also rescued the decrease in the levels of SCFAs and repaired altered intestinal barrier functioning and intestinal inflammation in HFD-induced obese mice. These findings indicate that crocin-I may inhibit obesity by modulating the composition of gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Shu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fengchun Wu, ; Zezhi Li,
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fengchun Wu, ; Zezhi Li,
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Davoodi M, Zilaei Bouri S, Dehghan Ghahfarokhi S. Antioxidant Effects of Aerobic Training and Crocin Consumption on Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats. J Family Reprod Health 2021; 15:28-37. [PMID: 34429734 PMCID: PMC8346744 DOI: 10.18502/jfrh.v15i1.6075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Doxorubicin (DOX) treatment has been reported to increase the risk of serious toxicity in testis, therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of training and Crocin on doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Materials and methods:⊆max) 5 day/w. Also, groups 2 to 7 administered 2 mg/kg/w DOX intraperitoneal. The testes were removed and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and protein carbonyl (PC) were analyzed using ELISA methods, one-way analysis of variance along with Bonferroni’s post hoc test were used for analysis in SPSS (P≤0.05). Results: The results of the present study showed that doxorubicin induced oxidative stress in testicular tissue by decreasing the level of GPX and TAC and increasing PC level (P≤0.05); TAC and GPX improved in all groups except groups 2 and 5, respectively, and their increase in the group 7 was significantly higher compared to other groups (P≤0.05). Increased PC levels were significantly reduced in the groups 5, 6 and 7. Conclusion: The increase in antioxidant levels in the concurrent Crocin and training group seems to be dose-dependent, but the oxidative stress in both Crocin and training groups of 10 and 50 mg/kg/d is associated with a decrease, but its modulation in the Crocin consumption group alone depends on the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Davoodi
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Shirin Zilaei Bouri
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Masjed-Soleiman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed-Soleiman, Iran
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Li D, Yang S, Xing Y, Pan L, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Liu L, Wu M. Novel Insights and Current Evidence for Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis: Mitochondrial Dynamics as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673839. [PMID: 34307357 PMCID: PMC8293691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathological basis of CVD. Mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained through the dynamic processes of fusion and fission. Mitochondria are involved in many cellular processes, such as steroid biosynthesis, calcium homeostasis, immune cell activation, redox signaling, apoptosis, and inflammation, among others. Under stress conditions, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial cristae remodeling, and mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) production increase, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decreases, calcium homeostasis is imbalanced, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore open (mPTP) and release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are activated. mtDNA recognized by TLR9 can lead to NF-κB pathway activation and pro-inflammatory factor expression. At the same time, TLR9 can also activate NLRP3 inflammasomes and release interleukin, an event that eventually leads to tissue damage and inflammatory responses. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction may amplify the activation of NLRP3 through the production of mitochondrial ROS, which together aggravate accumulating mitochondrial damage. In addition, mtDNA defects or gene mutation can lead to mitochondrial oxidative stress. Finally, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and aging are risk factors for the progression of CVD, which are closely related to mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics may represent a new target in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Antioxidants, mitochondrial inhibitors, and various new therapies to correct mitochondrial dysfunction represent a few directions for future research on therapeutic intervention and amelioration of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Pan
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixi Zhao
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Vecchiatto B, da Silva RC, Higa TS, Muller CR, Américo ALV, Fortunato-Lima VC, Ferreira MM, Martucci LF, Fonseca-Alaniz MH, Evangelista FS. Oxidative phenotype induced by aerobic physical training prevents the obesity-linked insulin resistance without changes in gastrocnemius muscle ACE2-Angiotensin(1-7)-Mas axis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:74. [PMID: 34229719 PMCID: PMC8262010 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigate the effect of aerobic physical training (APT) on muscle morphofunctional markers and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin 1-7/Mas receptor (ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas) axis in an obesity-linked insulin resistance (IR) animal model induced by cafeteria diet (CAF). METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned into groups CHOW-SED (chow diet, sedentary; n = 10), CHOW-TR (chow diet, trained; n = 10), CAF-SED (n = 10) and CAF-TR (n = 10). APT consisted in running sessions of 60 min at 60% of maximal speed, 5 days per week for 8 weeks. RESULTS Trained groups had lower body weight and adiposity compared with sedentary groups. CAF-TR improved the glucose and insulin tolerance tests compared with CAF-SED group (AUC = 28.896 ± 1589 vs. 35.200 ± 1076 mg dL-1 120 min-1; kITT = 4.1 ± 0.27 vs. 2.5 ± 0.28% min-1, respectively). CHOW-TR and CAF-TR groups increased exercise tolerance, running intensity at which VO2 max was reached, the expression of p-AMPK, p-ACC and PGC1-α proteins compared with CHOW-SED and CAF-SED. Mithocondrial protein expression of Mfn1, Mfn2 and Drp1 did not change. Lipid deposition reduced in CAF-TR compared with CAF-SED group (3.71 vs. 5.53%/area), but fiber typing, glycogen content, ACE2 activity, Ang 1-7 concentration and Mas receptor expression did not change. CONCLUSIONS The APT prevents obesity-linked IR by modifying the skeletal muscle phenotype to one more oxidative independent of changes in the muscle ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vecchiatto
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael C da Silva
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Talita S Higa
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Cynthia R Muller
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Laura V Américo
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Fortunato-Lima
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Marília M Ferreira
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Martucci
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana S Evangelista
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil.
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Song YN, Wang Y, Zheng YH, Liu TL, Zhang C. Crocins: A comprehensive review of structural characteristics, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects. Fitoterapia 2021; 153:104969. [PMID: 34147548 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Crocins, as a kind of water-soluble carotenoid pigment, are a series of ester compounds formed from crocetin and gentibiose or glucose, and mainly distributed among Crocus sativus L. (CSL), Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. (GJE). Crocins exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects on neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, depression, liver disease, arthritis, tumor, diabetes, etc. This review systematically discussed the pharmacologic study of crocins in the aspect of structural characteristic and pharmacokinetics, and summarized the mechanism of treating disease. It summarized the abundant research of crocins from 1984 to 2020 based on the above aspects, which provide a reference for the deeply development and application of crocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying-Hao Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | | | - Cun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Whitaker AA, Alwatban M, Freemyer A, Perales-Puchalt J, Billinger SA. Effects of high intensity interval exercise on cerebrovascular function: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241248. [PMID: 33119691 PMCID: PMC7595421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) improves aerobic fitness with decreased exercise time compared to moderate continuous exercise. A gap in knowledge exists regarding the effects of HIIE on cerebrovascular function such as cerebral blood velocity and autoregulation. The objective of this systematic review was to ascertain the effect of HIIE on cerebrovascular function in healthy individuals. We searched PubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases with apriori key words. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. Twenty articles were screened and thirteen articles were excluded due to not meeting the apriori inclusion criteria. Seven articles were reviewed via the modified Sackett’s quality evaluation. Outcomes included middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) (n = 4), dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) (n = 2), cerebral de/oxygenated hemoglobin (n = 2), cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CO2) (n = 2) and cerebrovascular conductance/resistance index (n = 1). Quality review was moderate with 3/7 to 5/7 quality criteria met. HIIE acutely lowered exercise MCAv compared to moderate intensity. HIIE decreased dCA phase following acute and chronic exercise compared to rest. HIIE acutely increased de/oxygenated hemoglobin compared to rest. HIIE acutely decreased cerebrovascular reactivity to higher CO2 compared to rest and moderate intensity. The acute and chronic effects of HIIE on cerebrovascular function vary depending on the outcomes measured. Therefore, future research is needed to confirm the effects of HIIE on cerebrovascular function in healthy individuals and better understand the effects in individuals with chronic conditions. In order to conduct rigorous systematic reviews in the future, we recommend assessing MCAv, dCA and CO2 reactivity during and post HIIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicen A. Whitaker
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Alwatban
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Andrea Freemyer
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Jaime Perales-Puchalt
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Sandra A. Billinger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Belosludtsev KN, Belosludtseva NV, Dubinin MV. Diabetes Mellitus, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ca 2+-Dependent Permeability Transition Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186559. [PMID: 32911736 PMCID: PMC7555889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the developed world, and is associated either with the impaired secretion of insulin or with the resistance of cells to the actions of this hormone (type I and type II diabetes, respectively). In both cases, a common pathological change is an increase in blood glucose—hyperglycemia, which eventually can lead to serious damage to the organs and tissues of the organism. Mitochondria are one of the main targets of diabetes at the intracellular level. This review is dedicated to the analysis of recent data regarding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of diabetes mellitus. Specific areas of focus include the involvement of mitochondrial calcium transport systems and a pathophysiological phenomenon called the permeability transition pore in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The important contribution of these systems and their potential relevance as therapeutic targets in the pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-929-913-8910
| | - Natalia V. Belosludtseva
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Dubinin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
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