1
|
Ju H, Liu Y, Gong J, Gong PX, Wang ZX, Wu YC, Li HJ. Revolutionizing cancer treatment: Harnessing the power of terrestrial microbial polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133171. [PMID: 38880444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment faces numerous challenges, such as inadequate drug targeting, steep price tags, grave toxic side effects, and limited therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a safe and effective new drug to combat cancer. Microbial polysaccharides, complex and diverse biological macromolecules, exhibit significant microbial variability and uniqueness. Studies have shown that terrestrial microbial polysaccharides possess a wide range of biological activities, including immune enhancement, antioxidant properties, antiviral effects, anti-tumour potential, and hypoglycemic functions. To delve deeper into the structure-activity relationship of these land-based microbial polysaccharides against cancer, we conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of anti-cancer literature published between 2020 and 2024. The anticancer efficacy of terrestrial microbial polysaccharides is influenced by multiple factors, including the microbial species, existing form, chemical structure, and polysaccharide purity. According to the literature, an optimal molecular weight and good water solubility are essential for demonstrating anticancer activity. Furthermore, the addition of mannose and galactose has been found to significantly enhance the anticancer properties of these polysaccharides. These insights will serve as a valuable reference for future research and progress in the field of cancer drug therapy, particularly with regards to terrestrial microbial polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Harbin 150006, PR China; Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Jun Gong
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Pi-Xian Gong
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China.
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Hui-Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Harbin 150006, PR China; Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qi C, Lv C, Jiang M, Zhao X, Gao Y, Wang Y, Zhang P, Liu J, Zhao X. The surface morphology of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide and its inhibitory effect on PCV2 replication. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3624-3636. [PMID: 38148571 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine infection with Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes immunosuppression, which is easy to cause concurrent or secondary infection, making the disease complicated and difficult to treat, and causing huge economic losses to the pig industry. Total polysaccharide from the rhizoma of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (PAMK) is outstanding in enhancing non-specific immunity and cellular immunity, and effectively improving the body's disease resistance, indicating its potential role in antiviral immunotherapy. RESULTS PAMK had the characteristics of compact, polyporous and agglomerated morphology, but does not have triple helix conformation. PCV2 infection led to the increase in LC3-II, degradation of p62 and the increase of viral Cap protein expression and viral copy number. PAMK treatment significantly alleviated PCV2-induced autophagy and inhibited PCV2 replication. Moreover, PAMK treatment significantly attenuated the increase of PINK1 protein expression and the decrease of TOMM20 protein expression caused by PCV2 infection, alleviated Parkin recruitment from cytoplasm to mitochondria and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, restored mitochondrial membrane charge, alleviated viral Cap protein expression. CONCLUSION PAMK alleviates PCV2-induced mitophagy to suppress PCV2 replication by inhibiting the Pink 1/Parkin pathway. These findings may provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of PCV2. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changxi Qi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Changyang Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Menglin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ximan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yifan Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan S, Zhang M, Yao Z, Liu J, Li X, Zhang Z, Li D. Isolation, structural characterization, and bioactivities of neutral polysaccharides from Zizania latifolia. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127679. [PMID: 37890741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The swollen culm (also known as Jiaobai) of Zizania latifolia is formed by the smut Ustilago esculenta invades the Z. latifolia. The new tissue formed due to the symbiotic relationship has entices the attention of researchers to study its polysaccharide structure along with biological evaluation. Five fractions of polysaccharides were obtained owing to hot water extraction, alcoholic precipitation, and chromatographic purification. Bioactivity assays showed that ZLPs have good antioxidant, hypoglycemic activities and protective activity against oxidative damage. The ZLP-1 and ZLP-2 were determined to be neutral polysaccharides with high purity, exhibiting propitious bioactivity, consequently they were subjected to indispensable structural characterization. These results showed that ZLP-1 has molecular weight (Mw) of 103 kDa and glucose (Glc) (76.68 %) as the primary monosaccharide; the ZLP-2 has Mw of 122 kDa and galactose (Gal) (41.04 %) and arabinose (Ara) (27.12 %). Structural elucidation by methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis suggested ZLP-1 is a glucan, with →3)-β-Glcp-(1→3)-β-Glcp-(1→4)-β-Glcp-(1→4)-β-Glcp-(1→3,6)-β-Galp-(1→3)-β-Glcp-(1→ as the mainchain and the terminal Araf and Glcp; the ZLP-2 is a Galactoxylan, with →3,4)-β-xylp-(1→3)-β-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-Galp-(1→ as the mainchain and the terminal Araf and Glcp. The structural arrangements provide a chemical basis for understanding the nutritional and pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from Zizania latifolia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Pharmacy Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhen Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jiangyun Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Duxin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bai L, Tan C, Ren J, Liu J, Zou W, Liu G, Sheng Y. Cordyceps militaris acidic polysaccharides improve learning and memory impairment in mice with exercise fatigue through the PI3K/NRF2/HO-1 signalling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:158-172. [PMID: 36521708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exercise leads to body fatigue and destroys the balance of the oxidation/oxidation resistance system in the body, thus damaging the central nervous system and reducing learning and memory ability. Nrf2 is an important transcription factor that regulates the cell oxidative stress response. Therefore, the research and development of natural antioxidants with the effect of regulating Nrf2-related signalling pathways to improve central fatigue caused by body fatigue has application value. Methods and results: Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides were extracted, isolated and purified via DEAE-cellulose 52 and Sepharose CL-6B columns to obtain two saccharides, Cordyceps militaris acidic polysaccharides (CMPB) and CMPB-b. The results of behavioural tests showed that compared with the model group, the learning and memory abilities of the CMPB-H group (800 mg/kg) mice were remarkably improved in the dark avoidance and Morris water maze tasks (p < 0.01), and the levels of fatigue metabolites and oxidative stress in the body were obviously decreased (p < 0.01). The expression level of BDNF, PI3K, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the hippocampus were significantly increased (p < 0.01). In vitro experiments, compared with the PC12 oxidative stress model group, CMPB-b high-dose group (100 μg/mL) had remarkably improved oxidative stress. CMPB-b also obviously promoted the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT proteins (p < 0.01) and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 (p < 0.01), and significantly increased the expression of HO-1 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: CMPB can alleviate the fatigue state of high-intensity swimming mice and improve the learning and memory impairment of exercise-fatigue mice by regulating the Nrf2-related signalling pathway. Its antioxidant active component CMPB-b exerts in vitro antioxidative neurological damage by the same mechanism. Our systematic studies provide strong supporting evidence for the future use of Cordyceps militaris acidic polysaccharides in health products to improve resistance to fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China; INNOBIO Corporation Limited, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Chaojie Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Wenqi Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Guangchen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Yu Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Chen HP, Zhou L, Fan J, Awakawa T, Mori T, Ushimaru R, Abe I, Liu JK. Cordycicadins A–D, Antifeedant Polyketides from the Entomopathogenic Fungus Cordyceps cicadae JXCH1. Org Lett 2022; 24:8627-8632. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - He-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Richiro Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Preparation and Antioxidant Activity In Vitro of Fermented Tremella fuciformis Extracellular Polysaccharides. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at increasing the capacity of fermented Tremella fuciformis extracellular polysaccharides (TEPS) for possible functional food applications. Thus, strain varieties, fermentation parameters and purification conditions, and the in vitro antioxidant activities of purified EPS fractions were investigated. An EPS high-yield strain Tf526 was selected, and the effects of seven independent fermentation factors (time, temperature, initial pH, inoculum size, shaking speed, carbon, and nitrogen source) on the EPS yield were evaluated. By single factor optimization test, yeast extract and glucose were chosen as nitrogen sources and carbon sources, respectively, and with initial pH of 6.0, inoculum size of 8%, shaking speed of 150 rpm, and culture at 25 °C for 72 h, the optimal yield of TEPS reached 0.76 ± 0.03 mg/mL. Additionally, A-722MP resin showed the most efficient decoloration ratio compared to six other tested resins. Furthermore, optimal decoloration parameters of A-722MP resin were obtained as follows: decoloration time of 2 h, resins dosage of 2 g, and temperature of 30 °C. Decoloration ratio, deproteinization ratio, and polysaccharide retention ratio were 62.14 ± 2.3%, 81.21 ± 2.13%, and 73.42 ± 1.96%, respectively. Furthermore, the crude TEPS was extracted and four polysaccharide fractions were isolated and purified as Tf1-a, Tf1-b, Tf2, and Tf3 by the DEAE-Sepharose FF column and the Sephasryl S100 column. In general, the antioxidant activities of the Lf1-a and Lf1-b were lower compared with Vc at the concentration of 0.1 to 3 mg/mL, but the FRAP assay, DPPH scavenging activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity analysis still revealed that Tf1-a and Tf1-b possess significant antioxidant activities in vitro. At the concentration of 3 mg/mL, the reducing power of Lf1-a and Lf1-b reached 0.86 and 0.70, the maximum DPPH radical were 54.23 ± 1.68% and 61.62 ± 2.73%, and the maximum hydroxyl radicals scavenging rates were 58.76 ± 2.58% and 45.81 ± 1.79%, respectively. Moreover, there were significant correlations (r > 0.8) among the selected concentrations and antioxidant activities of TEPS major fractions Tf1-a and Tf1-b. Therefore, it is expected that Tf1-a and Tf1-b polysaccharide fractions from fermented TEPS may serve as active ingredients in functional foods.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kang JY, Lee B, Kim CH, Choi JH, Kim MS. Enhancing the prebiotic and antioxidant effects of exopolysaccharides derived from Cordyceps militaris by enzyme-digestion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Metabolites and Their Bioactivities from the Genus Cordyceps. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081489. [PMID: 35893547 PMCID: PMC9330831 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cordyceps genus is a group of ascomycete parasitic fungi, and all known species of this genus are endoparasites; they mainly feed on insects or arthropods and a few feed on other fungi. Fungi of this genus have evolved highly specific and complex mechanisms to escape their host’s immune system and coordinate their life cycle coefficients with those of their hosts for survival and reproduction; this mechanism has led to the production of distinctive metabolites in response to the host’s defenses. Herein, we review approximately 131 metabolites discovered in the genus Cordyceps (including mycelium, fruiting bodies and fungal complexes) in the past 15 years, which can be used as an important source for new drug research and development. We summarize chemical structures, bioactivity and the potential application of these natural metabolites. We have excluded some reports that originally belonged to Cordyceps, but whose taxonomic attribution is no longer the Cordyceps genus. This can and will serve as a resource for drug discovery.
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Wu T, Li S, Huang Y, He Z, Zheng Y, Stalin A, Shao Q, Lin D. Structure and pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
11
|
Kontogiannatos D, Koutrotsios G, Xekalaki S, Zervakis GI. Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris-A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110986. [PMID: 34829273 PMCID: PMC8621325 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic ascomycete with similar pharmacological importance to that of the wild caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. C. militaris has attracted significant research and commercial interest due to its content in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health and the relative ease of cultivation under laboratory conditions. However, room for improvement exists in the commercial-scale cultivation of C. militaris and concerns issues principally related to appropriate strain selection, genetic degeneration of cultures, and substrate optimization. In particular, culture degeneration-usually expressed by abnormal fruit body formation and reduced sporulation-results in important economic losses and is holding back investors and potential growers (mainly in Western countries) from further developing this highly promising sector. In the present review, the main factors that influence the generation of biomass and metabolites (with emphasis on cordycepin biosynthesis) by C. militaris are presented and evaluated in conjunction with the use of a wide range of supplements or additives towards the enhancement of fungal productivity in large-scale cultivation processes. Moreover, physiological and genetic factors that increase or reduce the manifestation of strain degeneration in C. militaris are outlined. Finally, methodologies for developing protocols to be used in C. militaris functional biology studies are discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma WP, Li HH, Liu M, Liu HB. Effects of simulated digestion in vitro on the structure and macrophages activation of fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118484. [PMID: 34420743 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular size and spatial structure affect the bioactivities of polysaccharides. SFF is a fucoidan extracted from Sargassum fusiforme. The possible changes of SFF affected by gastrointestinal tract and subsequently changes of its physicochemical property or its bioactivity have yet to be systematically investigated. Our results showed that DSFF, the gastrointestinal digestion product of SFF, has increased reducing sugar content, increased proportion of low molecular weight components, and a more clustered island-like morphology. Both SFF and DSFF activate RAW 264.7 macrophages evidenced by the increasing level of NO, intracellular ROS, and macrophages cytokines. Further investigation showed that DSFF induced M1 phenotype polarization in RAW 264.7 cells. DSFF also showed stronger macrophage activation and phenotype polarization than SFF. Our present work showed that SFF could be digested by simulated gastrointestinal environment in vitro and the digested product DSFF showed higher efficiency in macrophages activation and phenotype polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hai-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Hong-Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Su J, Liao D, Su Y, Liu S, Jiang L, Wu J, Liu Z, Wu Y. Novel polysaccharide extracted from Sipunculus nudus inhibits HepG2 tumour growth in vivo by enhancing immune function and inducing tumour cell apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8338-8351. [PMID: 34302428 PMCID: PMC8419178 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide was extracted from Sipunculus nudus (SNP). The molecular weight (MW) of SNP was determined to be 9223 Da by high‐performance gel permeation chromatography analyses, and the structure of the SNP repeat units was determined to be →3,4‐β‐D‐GlcpNAC (1→ and →4) ‐α‐D‐Glcp (1→ in the ratio of 15:1; →2) ‐α ‐D‐Galp ‐ (1→ as a side chain; and β‐D‐Galp‐(1→ and α‐ D‐Glcp ‐ (1→ as end groups by GC‐MS analysis and NMR assays. The effect of SNP on hepatoma HepG2‐bearing mice was analysed to verify its potential in the clinical treatment of liver cancer. A total of 90 male athymic nu/nu mice were divided into therapeutic and preventive groups and fed with different amounts of SNP. The antitumour effect of SNP on HepG2‐bearing mice and mechanism of such were studied by analysing the tumour size, spleen index, thymus index, immune factors in the blood, tumour apoptosis factors, etc. The results suggest that SNP not only increased the index of immune organs in the body, but also enhanced the secretion of immune factors, including interleukin‐2, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha in the serum. SNP induced the apoptosis of tumour cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, which upregulated caspase‐3, caspase‐8, caspase‐9 and BCL2‐associated X, but downregulated B‐cell lymphoma‐2 and vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression. In conclusion, SNP inhibited tumour growth by enhancing immune function and inducing tumour cell apoptosis in HepG2‐bearing mice. Therefore, SNP may be further investigated as a promising candidate for future antitumour drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Dengyuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Yongchang Su
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuji Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingna Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|