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Nam EY, Choi SH, Hwang JH. Therapeutic Efficacy of Chinese Patent Medicine Containing Pyrite for Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:76. [PMID: 38256337 PMCID: PMC10818888 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Korean and traditional Chinese medicine state that pyrite is effective for fracture treatment, but supporting clinical data are limited. This systematic review aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of Chinese patent medicine containing pyrite (CPMP) in clinical treatment for fractures. Materials and Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched using the keywords "pyrite", "pyritum", and "zirantong" between inception and December 2022, yielding 29 published clinical studies. Randomized controlled trials that included CPMP were considered eligible regardless of the fracture type. Quality assessment and meta-analysis of the included RCTs were also performed. Results: Most studies showed high heterogeneity (I2 > 50%) and significant results (p < 0.05). Compared to the results of the control group, CPMP was more effective in terms of the primary outcome related to the efficacy rate, including the total effective rate, callus growth rate, bone union, and edema disappearance time (all p < 0.00001) and in terms of secondary outcomes related to pain reduction, namely pain intensity and pain disappearance time, than the control group (both p < 0.01). CPMP was more effective than the control group in terms of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.01), hematocrit (p < 0.01), erythrocyte aggregation (p < 0.05), and plasma viscosity (p < 0.05). CPMP did not cause serious side effects, and the incidence of complications was significantly less than that in the control group. Conclusions: CPMP may be a safe and effective alternative treatment for fractures and may be beneficial in preventing postoperative complications, reducing pain, relieving symptoms, and accelerating healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Nam
- Mimi Korean Medicine Clinic, Seoul 05616, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su Hyun Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Hye Hwang
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Yun HM, Cho MH, Jeong H, Kim SH, Jeong YH, Park KR. Osteogenic Activities of Trifolirhizin as a Bioactive Compound for the Differentiation of Osteogenic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17103. [PMID: 38069425 PMCID: PMC10706948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are widely used as traditional medicines. Sophora flavescens Aiton-derived natural compounds exert various beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antiregenerative activities, through their bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and alkaloids. In the present study, we investigated the biological effects of an S. flavescens-derived flavonoid, trifolirhizin (trifol), on the stimulation of osteogenic processes during osteoblast differentiation. Trifol (>98% purity) was successfully isolated from the root of S. flavescens and characterized. Trifol did not exhibit cellular toxicity in osteogenic cells, but promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, with enhanced expression of the osteoblast differentiation markers, including Alp, ColI, and Bsp. Trifol induced nuclear runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression during the differentiation of osteogenic cells, and concomitantly stimulated the major osteogenic signaling proteins, including GSK3β, β-catenin, and Smad1/5/8. Among the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Trifol activated JNK, but not ERK1/2 and p38. Trifol also increased the osteoblast-mediated bone-forming phenotypes, including transmigration, F-actin polymerization, and mineral apposition, during osteoblast differentiation. Overall, trifol exhibits bioactive activities related to osteogenic processes via differentiation, migration, and mineralization. Collectively, these results suggest that trifol may serve as an effective phytomedicine for bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Cho
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (M.H.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Hoibin Jeong
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (M.H.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (Y.H.J.)
| | - Yun Hee Jeong
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (Y.H.J.)
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea
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Li K, Jiang Y, Wang N, Lai L, Xu S, Xia T, Yue X, Xin H. Traditional Chinese Medicine in Osteoporosis Intervention and the Related Regulatory Mechanism of Gut Microbiome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1957-1981. [PMID: 37884447 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) has become a crucial factor that can affect the progression of osteoporosis. A number of studies have demonstrated the impact of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on GM and bone metabolism. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms of the relationship between osteoporosis and GM disorder and introduce several natural Chinese medicines that exert anti-osteoporosis effects by modulating the GM. It is underlined that, through the provision of the microbial associated molecular pattern (MAMP), the GM causes inflammatory reactions and alterations in the Treg-Th17 balance and ultimately leads to changes in bone mass. Serotonin and many hormones, especially estrogen, may play a crucial role in the interaction of the GM with bone metabolism. Additionally, the GM may affect the absorption of specific nutrients in the intestine, particularly minerals like calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Several natural Chinese herbs, such as Sambucus Williamsii, Achyranthes bidentata Blume, Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms, Pueraria Lobata, and Agaricus blazei Murill have exhibited anti-osteoporosis effects through regulating the distribution and metabolism of the GM. These herbs may increase the abundance of Firmicutes, decrease the abundance of Bacteroides, promote the GM to produce more SCFAs, modulate the immune response caused by harmful bacteria, and increase the proportion of Treg-Th17 to indirectly affect bone metabolism. Moreover, gut-derived 5-HT is an important target for TCM to prevent osteoporosis via the gut-bone axis. Puerarin could prevent osteoporosis by improving intestinal mucosal integrity and decrease systemic inflammation caused by estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liyong Lai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shengyan Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tianshuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Tang G, Deng P, Qin Y, Han J, Wang S, Sun X, Li D, Chen Z. The causal relationship between gut microbiota and bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1268935. [PMID: 37937216 PMCID: PMC10625988 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1268935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota has emerged as an intriguing and potentially influential factor in regulating bone health. However, the causal effect of the gut microbiota on bone mineral density (BMD) appears to differ throughout various life stages. Methods We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and BMD in five distinct age groups: 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60, and 60 years and older. The analysis employed three different methods, namely MR-Egger, weighted median, and Inverse-variance weighting, to ensure the robustness of our findings, a series of sensitivity analyses were also conducted, such as horizontal pleiotropy tests, heterogeneity tests, and leave-one-out sensitivity tests. Results In the age group of 0-15 years, Eubacterium_fissicatena_group and Eubacterium_hallii_group were identified as risk factors for BMD. During the 15-30 age group, Phascolarctobacterium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_003 were found to be protective factors for BMD. In the 30-45 age group, Lachnospira genus demonstrated a protective effect on BMD, while Barnesiella and Lactococcus were identified as risk factors for BMD. Moving on to the 45-60 age group, Eubacterium_ventriosum_group, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_004, and Subdoligranulum were observed to be protective factors for BMD, while Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Fusicatenibacter, and Lactococcus were associated with an increased risk of BMD. In individuals aged 60 years and older, Fusicatenibacter and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_002 were also noted as risk factors for BMD. Conversely, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, Alistipes, and Coprococcus_3 were found to be protective factors for BMD, whereas Barnesiella and Sellimonas were identified as risk factors for BMD. Conclusion A robust causal relationship between gut microbiota and bone mineral density (BMD) exists throughout all stages of life, with Firmicutes phylum being the primary group associated with BMD across age groups. Gut microbiota linked with BMD primarily belong to the Firmicutes phylum across age groups. The diversity of gut microbiota phyla associated with BMD depicts relatively stable patterns during the ages of 0-45 years. However, for individuals aged 45 years and above, there is an observed increase in the number of gut microbiota species linked with BMD, and by the age of 60 years, a trend toward an increase in the Bacteroidetes phylum categories is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejian Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Tang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Deng
- Institute of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Qin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglu Han
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shulong Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
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Awuti K, Wang X, Sha L, Leng X. Exploring the regulatory mechanism of osteoporosis based on intestinal flora: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32499. [PMID: 36596003 PMCID: PMC9803483 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is 1 of the common diseases of bone metabolism in clinic. With the aging of the population in China, osteoporosis is becoming more and more serious, and it has become 1 of the major public health problems. However, traditional therapies, such as calcium therapy and estrogen therapy, can cause serious adverse effects and damage to the body when ingested over a long period of time. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore alternative therapies with less side effects in clinical practice. Intestinal flora is a hot topic of research in recent years. It has been studied in inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, depression and so on. Recently, intestinal flora has received increasing attention in the pathways regulating bone metabolism. This paper contains a review of recent studies related to osteoporosis and gut flora in terms of its metabolites, immune, endocrine, and brain-gut axis pathways. The strong association between intestinal flora and bone metabolism suggests, to some extent, that intestinal flora can be a potential target for osteoporosis prevention and treatment, providing new ideas and therapies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimu Awuti
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xukai Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liquan Sha
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- * Liquan Sha, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China ()
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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He Y, Chen Y. The potential mechanism of the microbiota-gut-bone axis in osteoporosis: a review. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2495-2506. [PMID: 36169678 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the prevalent metabolic bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone quantity and/or quality and an increase in skeletal fragility, which increases susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporotic fractures severely affect the patients' quality of life and mortality. A plethora of evidences have suggested that the alterations in gut microbiome are associated with the changes in bone mass and microstructure. We summarized pre-clinical and clinical studies to elucidate the underlying mechanism of gut microbiota in osteoporosis. Probiotics, prebiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine may reverse the gut microbiota dysbiosis and consequently improve bone metabolism. However, the causality of gut microbiota on bone metabolism need to be investigated more in depth. In the present review, we focused on the potential mechanism of the microbiota-gut-bone axis and the positive therapeutic effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine on osteoporosis. Overall, the current scientific literatures support that the gut microbiota may be a novel therapeutic target in treatment of osteoporosis and fracture prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxi He
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China.
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Trifloroside Induces Bioactive Effects on Differentiation, Adhesion, Migration, and Mineralization in Pre-Osteoblast MC3T3E-1 Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233887. [PMID: 36497145 PMCID: PMC9738977 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentianae Scabrae Radix is used in traditional medicine and is known to possess bioactive compounds, including secoiridoid glycosides, flavonoids, lignans, and triterpenes. Trifloroside (TriFs) is a secoiridoid glycoside known for its antioxidant activity; however, its other effects have not been studied. In the present study, we investigated the biological effects of TriFs isolated from the roots of Gentianae Scabrae Radix using pre-osteoblast MC3T3E-1 cells. No cellular toxicity was observed with 1 μM TriFs, whereas 5-100 μM TriFs showed a gradual increase in cell viability. Alkaline phosphatase staining and microscopic observations revealed that 1-10 μM TriFs stimulated osteogenic activity during early osteoblast differentiation. Trifloroside also increased mineral apposition during osteoblast maturation. Biochemical analyses revealed that TriFs promoted nuclear RUNX2 expression and localization by stimulating the major osteogenic BMP2-Smad1/5/8-RUNX2 pathway. Trifloroside also increased p-GSK3β, β-catenin, p-JNK, and p-p38, but not Wnt3a, p-AKT, and p-ERK. Moreover, TriFs increased the MMP13 levels and promoted cell migration and adhesion. In contrast, TriFs-induced osteoblast differentiation and maturation had negligible effects on autophagy and necrosis. Our findings suggest that TriFs induces osteogenic effects through differentiation, adhesion, migration, and mineral apposition. Therefore, TriFs is suggested as a potential drug target in osteoblast-mediated bone diseases.
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Li Y, Tan Z, Zhang J, Mu J, Wu H. Physical and Chemical Properties, Biosafety Evaluation, and Effects of Nano Natural Deer Bone Meal on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:891765. [PMID: 35910014 PMCID: PMC9335367 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.891765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, bone-based products are abundant, and the main sources are bovine bone and pig bone, but there are few studies on the development of deer bone as a bone repair material. Deer bone has important osteogenic effects in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. It is rich in protein, ossein, and a variety of trace elements, with the effect of strengthening tendons and bones. Nanomaterials and their application in the repair of bone defects have become a research hotspot in bone tissue engineering. In this study, nano-deer bone meal (nBM), nano-calcined deer bone meal, and nano-demineralized bone matrix were successfully prepared. It was found that the Ca/P ratio in deer bone was significantly higher than that in cow bone and human bone tissue, and deer bone contained beneficial trace elements, such as potassium, iron, selenium, and zinc, which were not found in cow bone. The three kinds of deer bone powders prepared in this study had good biocompatibility and met the implantation standards of medical biomaterials. Cell function studies showed that compared with other bone powders, due to the presence of organic active ingredients and inorganic calcium and phosphate salts, nBM had excellent performance in the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. These findings indicate that nBM can be used as a potential osteoinductive active nanomaterial to enhance bone tissue engineering scaffolds with certain application prospects.
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