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Liu P, Chen J, Wen X, Shi X, Yin X, Yu J, Qian Y, Gou C, Xu Y. Investigation into Antioxidant Mechanism of Lycium barbarum Extract in Carbendazim-Induced PC12 Cell Injury Model through Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses. Foods 2024; 13:2384. [PMID: 39123576 PMCID: PMC11311554 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L., an important functional food in China, has antioxidant and antiaging activity. However, the exact antioxidant activity mechanism of Lycium barbarum extracts (LBE) is not well understood. Therefore, a carbendazim (CBZ)-induced PC12 cell injury model was constructed and vitrificated to study the antioxidant activity of fresh LBE on the basis of extraction parameter optimization via the full factorial design of experiments (DOE) method. The results showed that the pretreatment of PC12 cells with LBE could reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by 14.6% and inhibited the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decline by 12.0%. Furthermore, the integrated analysis revealed that LBE played an antioxidant role by activating oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and restoring MMP, maintaining the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle stability, and regulating the GSH metabolic pathway. The results of the present study provide new ideas for the understanding of the antioxidant function of LBE from a global perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (P.L.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (P.L.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
| | - Xing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (P.L.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
| | - Xin Shi
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products of NingXia, Yinchuan 750002, China;
| | - Xiaoqian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (P.L.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jiang Yu
- Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (P.L.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Chunlin Gou
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products of NingXia, Yinchuan 750002, China;
| | - Yanyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (P.L.); (J.C.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (Y.Q.)
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2
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Teixeira F, Silva AM, Sut S, Dall'Acqua S, Ramos OL, Ribeiro AB, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Rodrigues F. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from goji berries: Optimization, bioactivity, and intestinal permeability assessment. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114502. [PMID: 38823845 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. berries have a remarkable chemical composition and extensive biological activities, being a valuable component of health and nutraceutical practices. Nevertheless, a deep insight on the intestinal permeation of the pro-healthy bioactive compounds is urgently needed to predict the real effects on human body. This study attempted, for the first time, to optimize the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of goji berries using a Response Surface Methodology approach and establish the intestinal permeation of the principal pro-healthy compounds. The optimal extraction conditions were a solid:liquid ratio of 8.75 % for 56.21 min, using an intensity of 59.05 W/m2. The optimal extract displayed a remarkable antioxidant capacity, with LC/DAD-ESI-MS analysis unveiled a diverse phytochemical profile, encompassing different compounds (e.g. glu-lycibarbarspermidine F, 2-glu-kukoamine, rutin, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid). The intestinal co-culture model demonstrated that glu-lycibarbarspermidine F (isomer 2) (73.70 %), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (52.66 %), and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (49.31 %) traversed the intestinal cell layer, exerting beneficial health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Oscar L Ramos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alessandra B Ribeiro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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Lycium barbarum Berries (Solanaceae) as Source of Bioactive Compounds for Healthy Purposes: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054777. [PMID: 36902206 PMCID: PMC10003350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. is a species widely used in dietary supplements and natural healthcare products. The berries, also known as goji or wolfberries, mostly grow in China, but recent reports on their outstanding bioactive properties have increased their popularity and cultivation around the world. Goji berries are a remarkable source of phenolic compounds (such as phenolic acids and flavonoids), carotenoids, organic acids, carbohydrates (fructose and glucose), and vitamins (ascorbic acid). Several biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and anticancer activities, have been associated with its consumption. Hence, goji berries were highlighted as an excellent source of functional ingredients with promising applications in food and nutraceutical fields. This review aims to summarize the phytochemical composition and biological activities, along with various industrial applications, of L. barbarum berries. Simultaneously, the valorization of goji berries by-products, with its associated economic advantages, will be emphasized and explored.
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Niu Y, Zhang G, Sun X, He S, Dou G. Distinct Role of Lycium barbarum L. Polysaccharides in Oxidative Stress-Related Ocular Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:215. [PMID: 37259363 PMCID: PMC9966716 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the increased production of reactive species and reduced antioxidant activity, which can cause a variety of disturbances including ocular diseases. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are complex polysaccharides isolated from the fruit of L. barbarum, showing distinct roles in antioxidants. Moreover, it is relatively safe and non-toxic. In recent years, the antioxidant activities of LBPs have attracted remarkable attention. In order to illustrate its significance and underlying therapeutic value for vision, we comprehensively review the recent progress on the antioxidant mechanisms of LBP and its potential applications in ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive neuroretinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, and diabetic cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Guoheng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xiaojia Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Shikun He
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Guorui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Bioactivities and Microbial Quality of Lycium Fruits (Goji) Extracts Derived by Various Solvents and Green Extraction Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227856. [PMID: 36431953 PMCID: PMC9695928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Goji berries, known for their health-promoting properties, are increasingly consumed around the world, often in the form of naturally- or freeze-dried fruits, further unprocessed. The aim of the study was to obtain dried goji berries extracts, characterized by high bioactivity and safety in terms of microbial contamination for the consumer. In the study, various solvents (water, ethanol, acetone, ethyl lactate, sunflower oil) and green extraction methods (heating and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)) were used. In goji extracts, antioxidant activity and carotenoids content as bioactivity indicators, as well as total number of microorganisms were determined. Boiling of powdered dried goji fruits in water resulted in extracts with the best features, i.e., with high antioxidant properties (2.75−4.06 μmol of Trolox equivalent (TE)/mL), moderate to high content of carotenoids (0.67−1.86 mg/mL), and a reduced number of microorganisms compared with fruits. Extracts in 50% ethanol and 50% acetone were characterized primarily by very high antioxidant activity (3.09−4.90 μmol TE/mL). The high content of carotenoids (0.98−3.79 mg/mL) and high microbial quality (<10 CFU/g) were obtained by extraction in ethyl lactate by the UAE method. The results could be useful in the development of functional food based on goji berry ingredients.
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Wang XF, Chen X, Tang Y, Wu JM, Qin DL, Yu L, Yu CL, Zhou XG, Wu AG. The Therapeutic Potential of Plant Polysaccharides in Metabolic Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1329. [PMID: 36355500 PMCID: PMC9695998 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides (PPS) composed of more than 10 monosaccharides show high safety and various pharmacological activities, including immunoregulatory, antitumor, antioxidative, antiaging, and other effects. In recent years, emerging evidence has indicated that many PPS are beneficial for metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, obesity, and neurological diseases, which are usually caused by the metabolic disorder of fat, sugar, and protein. In this review, we introduce the common characteristics and functional activity of many representative PPS, emphasize the common risks and molecular mechanism of metabolic diseases, and discuss the pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of representative PPS obtained from plants including Aloe vera, Angelica sinensis, pumpkin, Lycium barbarum, Ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, Dioscorea pposite, Poria cocos, and tea in metabolic diseases. Finally, this review will provide directions and a reference for future research and for the development of PPS into potential drugs for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Wang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
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Predictive Evaluation of Microbiological Stability of Soft Drinks with Lycium barbarum L. Stored at Temperature Shifts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175508. [PMID: 36080274 PMCID: PMC9458248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L., used in Chinese traditional medicine for centuries, has gained popularity in Europe in the last decade because of its health-promoting properties assigned to phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Goji fruits and extracts are often used as ingredients in popular homemade milk cocktails. Within this study, the microbiological stability of the milkshake, with the addition of berries from NingXia Province and their extract, was evaluated using the ComBase® prognostic model. The extraction of dry berries in water at 70 °C for 72 h produced an extract showing radical inhibition of 64.9% and a total phenol content of 63.6 mg g−1. The phenolic compounds with the highest concentrations were in turn: 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, procyanidin B2, and catechin. The milkshake inoculated with the reference B. subtilis was a model for the study of its microbiological stability. Using ComBase®, a microbiological response to the delayed cooling of goji berry extract and the milkshake with the addition of goji berries was predicted and the model’s accuracy assessed. The best-performing models were constructed for extract (Bias factor Bf 1.33, Accuracy factor Af 3.43) and milkshake (Bf 1.29, Af 1.65) in a profile simulating delayed refrigeration (22.5 °C–9 °C–23 °C). Despite discrepancies between predicted and observed bacterial growth due to the antimicrobial effect of the derivatives of goji berries, the models were validated as „overpredict”, i.e., „fail safe”, and may be used to prognose the stability of these products in the given temperature profile.
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Vidović BB, Milinčić DD, Marčetić MD, Djuriš JD, Ilić TD, Kostić AŽ, Pešić MB. Health Benefits and Applications of Goji Berries in Functional Food Products Development: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:248. [PMID: 35204130 PMCID: PMC8868247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Goji berries have long been used for their nutritional value and medicinal purposes in Asian countries. In the last two decades, goji berries have become popular around the world and are consumed as a functional food due to wide-range bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties. In addition, they are gaining increased research attention as a source of functional ingredients with potential industrial applications. This review focuses on the antioxidant properties of goji berries, scientific evidence on their health effects based on human interventional studies, safety concerns, goji berry processing technologies, and applications of goji berry-based ingredients in developing functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana B. Vidović
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danijel D. Milinčić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Mirjana D. Marčetić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena D. Djuriš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tijana D. Ilić
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Ž. Kostić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Mirjana B. Pešić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
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Lu J, Huang Z, Liu Y, Wang H, Qiu M, Qu Y, Yuan W. The Optimization of Extraction Process, Antioxidant, Whitening and Antibacterial Effects of Fengdan Peony Flavonoids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020506. [PMID: 35056821 PMCID: PMC8780704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have important biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and whitening, which is a potential functional food raw material. However, the biological activity of Fengdan peony flavonoid is not particularly clear. Therefore, in this study, the peony flavonoid was extracted from Fengdan peony seed meal, and the antioxidant, antibacterial and whitening activities of the peony flavonoid were explored. The optimal extraction conditions were methanol concentration of 90%, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:35 g:mL, temperature of 55 °C and time of 80 min; under these conditions, the yield of Fengdan peony flavonoid could reach 1.205 ± 0.019% (the ratio of the dry mass of rutin to the dry mass of peony seed meal). The clearance of Fengdan peony total flavonoids to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, hydroxyl radical and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical could reach 75%, 70% and 97%, respectively. Fengdan peony flavonoid could inhibit the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Fengdan peony flavonoid on S. aureus, B. anthracis, B. subtilis and C. perfringens were 0.0293 mg/mL, 0.1172 mg/mL, 0.2344 mg/mL and 7.500 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibition rate of Fengdan peony flavonoid on tyrosinase was 8.53-81.08%. This study intensely illustrated that the antioxidant, whitening and antibacterial activity of Fengdan peony total flavonoids were significant. Fengdan peony total flavonoids have a great possibility of being used as functional food materials.
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Leichtweis MG, Oliveira MBPP, Ferreira ICFR, Pereira C, Barros L. Sustainable Recovery of Preservative and Bioactive Compounds from Food Industry Bioresidues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1827. [PMID: 34829698 PMCID: PMC8615106 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for convenient and ready-to-eat foods, the use of antioxidants and preservative additives in foodstuff formulation is essential. In addition to their technological functions in food, bio-based additives confer beneficial properties for human health for having antioxidant capacity and acting as antimicrobial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory agents, among others. The replacement of preservatives and other additives from synthetic origin, usually related to adverse effects on human health, faces some challenges such as availability and cost. An opportunity to obtain these compounds lies in the food industry itself, as a great variety of food waste has been identified as an excellent source of high value-added compounds. Large amounts of seeds, fibrous strands, peel, bagasse, among other parts of fruits and vegetables are lost or wasted during industrial processing, despite being rich sources of bioactive compounds. From a circular economy perspective, this work reviewed the main advances on the recovery of value-added compounds from food industry bioresidues for food application. Bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, have been largely obtained, mostly from seeds and peels, and have been successfully incorporated into foods. Additionally, alternative and eco-friendly extraction techniques, as ultrasound and microwave, have showed advantages in extracting antioxidant and preservatives compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Leichtweis
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (M.G.L.); (L.B.)
- REQUIMTE—Science Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE—Science Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (M.G.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Carla Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (M.G.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (M.G.L.); (L.B.)
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11
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Wang Q, Yang F, Jia D, Wu T. Polysaccharides and polyphenol in dried Morinda citrifolia fruit tea after different processing conditions: Optimization analysis using response surface methodology. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11507. [PMID: 34123597 PMCID: PMC8164410 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing popularity of Morinda citrifolia has many medical and health benefits because of its rich polysaccharides (PSC) and polyphenols (PPN). It has become popular to brew the dry M. citrifolia fruit slice as tea in some regions of China. In this study, optimize the extraction parameters of M. citrifolia fruit tea polysaccharides and polyphenols using response surface methodology. The results indicated the highest PSC yield of 17% at 46 °C for 11 min and the ratio of water/M. citrifolia fruit powder was 78 mL/g. The optimum extraction of PPN was at 95 °C for 10 min and the ratio of water/M. citrifolia fruit powder 90 mL/g, with 8.93% yield. Using dry M. citrifolia fruit slices as a tea is reported for the first time. Based on the results, the maximum level of PSC can be obtained under condition by infusing about four dried M. citrifolia fruit slice with average thickness and size in warm boiled water for 11 min, taking a 300 mL cup (300 mL of water) for example. The maximum level of PPN can be obtained by adding three slices of dried M. citrifolia fruit slice to boiled water for 10 min. Considering the powder used in our study, the further pulverization of cutting into powder is more conducive to material precipitation. This study provides a scientific basis for obtaining PSC and PPN from dry M. citrifolia fruit slice tea by brewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dandan Jia
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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12
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Yan Y, Zhou H, Wu C, Feng X, Han C, Chen H, Liu Y, Li Y. Ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of synephrine, naringin, and neohesperidin from Citrus aurantium L. fruitlets. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:780-791. [PMID: 33325778 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1858427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UA-ATPE) was first employed to develop an effective technique for simultaneous extraction and preliminary purification of synephrine, naringin, and neohesperidin from Citrus aurantium L. fruitlets. Five types of ethanol/salts of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) were investigated and then the extraction conditions were further optimized using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) via Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The optimum process parameters were concluded as follows: 20.60% (w/w) K2CO3, 27% (w/w) ethanol, solvent-to-material ratio of 45.17:1 (g:g), 120-mesh particle size of fruitlets powder, extraction temperature of 50 °C, extraction time of 30 min, and ultrasonic power of 80 W. Under these conditions, the extraction yields of synephrine, naringin, and neohesperidin were up to 11.17 mg/g, 7.39 mg/g, and 89.27 mg/g, respectively. The yield of neohesperidin extracted by the optimal UA-ATPE was over eight times higher than that extracted by the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using conventional solvents, and the total yield of target compounds was over twice higher while the impurity content in the extract was much lower. Therefore, UA-ATPE appeared to be a highly effective and promising approach for the extraction of synephrine, naringin, and neohesperidin from C. aurantium fruitlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanhai Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoye Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenggang Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Skenderidis P, Leontopoulos S, Petrotos K, Giavasis I. Optimization of Vacuum Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Pomegranate Fruits Peels by the Evaluation of Extracts' Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2020; 9:E1655. [PMID: 33198283 PMCID: PMC7696156 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global interest in the use of plant by-product extracts as functional ingredients is continuously rising due to environmental, financial and health benefits. The latest advances in extraction technology have led to the production of aqueous extracts with high bioactive properties, which do not require the use of organic solvents. The purpose of this study was to optimize the conditions applied for the extraction of pomegranate peels (PP) via a "green" industrial type of vacuum microwave-assisted aqueous extraction (VMAAE), by assessing the potential bioactivity of the extracts (in terms of phenolic content and antioxidant activity), using a response surface methodology. The extraction conditions of temperature, microwave power, time and water/PP ratio were determined by the response surface methodology, in order to yield extracts with optimal total phenolics concentrations (TPC) and high antioxidant activity, based on the IC50 value of the scavenging of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) radical. The values of the optimum extraction parameters, such as extraction temperature (61.48 and 79.158 °C), time (10 and 12.17 min), microwave power (3797.24 and 3576.47 W) and ratio of water to raw material (39.92% and 38.2%), were estimated statistically for the two responses (TPC and IC50 values), respectively. Under these optimal extraction conditions, PP extracts with high TPC ((5.542 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g fresh PP))/min and radical scavenging activity (100 mg/L (1.6 L/min)) could be obtained. Our results highlighted that the optimized industrial type of VMAAE could be a promising solution for the valorization of the PP by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodromos Skenderidis
- Department of Agrotechnology, Laboratory of Food and Biosystems Engineering, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Stefanos Leontopoulos
- Department of Agrotechnology, Laboratory of Food and Biosystems Engineering, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Petrotos
- Department of Agrotechnology, Laboratory of Food and Biosystems Engineering, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Ioannis Giavasis
- Department of Food Technology, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, End of N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
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Palmieri S, Pellegrini M, Ricci A, Compagnone D, Lo Sterzo C. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Thyme, Hemp and Coriander Extracts: A Comparison Study of Maceration, Soxhlet, UAE and RSLDE Techniques. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091221. [PMID: 32887367 PMCID: PMC7555591 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate and standardized techniques for the extraction of secondary metabolites with interesting biological activity from plants are required. In this work, a comparison of different conventional and unconventional extraction techniques (maceration—M, Soxhlet—S, ultrasound assisted extraction—UAE, and rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction—RSLDE) was investigated. Bioactive compounds were extracted from Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme), Cannabis sativa L. (industrial hemp) and Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) and chemically characterized for their volatile fraction and polyphenolic content by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV). Linalool (48.19%, RSLDE) and carvacrol (21.30%, M) for thyme, caryophyllene (54.78%, S) and humulene (14.13%, S) for hemp, and linalool (84.16%, RSLDE) for coriander seeds were the main compounds among terpenes, while thyme was the richest source of polyphenols with rosmarinic acid (51.7 mg/g dry extract-S), apigenin (7.6 mg/g dry extract-S), and luteolin (4.1 mg/g dry extract-UAE) being the most abundant. In order to shed light on their potential as natural food preservatives, the biological activity of the extracts was assessed in terms of antioxidant activity (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid—ABTS˙+, ferric reducing antioxidant power—FRAP, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl—DPPH˙ assays) and phenolic content (Folin–Ciocâlteu method). For thyme, Soxhlet extracts showed best performances in FRAP and ABTS˙+ assays (74 mg TE/g dry extract and 134 mg TE/g dry extract, respectively), while Soxhlet and RSLDE extracts recorded similar activity in DPPH˙ (107–109 mg TE/g dry extract). For hemp and coriander, indeed, RSLDE extracts accounted for higher antioxidant activity as evidenced by FRAP (80 mg TE/g dry extract and 18 mg TE/g dry extract, respectively) and ABTS˙+ (557 mg TE/g dry extract and 48 mg TE/g dry extract, respectively) assays. With respect to DPPH˙, the best results were observed for UAE extracts (45 mg TE/g dry extract and 220 mg TE/g dry extract, respectively). Our findings suggest that all the investigated techniques are valid extraction methods to retain bioactive compounds and preserve their activity for application in food and pharmaceutical formulations. Among them, the innovative RSLDE stands out for the slightly higher antioxidant performances of the extracts, coupled with the facility of use and standardization of the extraction process.
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Ahmed M, Ramachandraiah K, Jiang GH, Eun JB. Effects of Ultra-Sonication and Agitation on Bioactive Compounds and Structure of Amaranth Extract. Foods 2020; 9:E1116. [PMID: 32823760 PMCID: PMC7466107 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaranth is an excellent source of various bioactive compounds that could be beneficial in the prevention of some human diseases. This study investigated the extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from amaranth using ultra-sonication and agitation at 30, 50 and 70 °C. Color L* values showed significant (p < 0.05) differences at 70 °C between ultra-sonication and agitation. Ultra-sonication temperature had significant effect on L* and a* values whereas agitation temperature did not have a significant effect on L*, a* and b* values. No significant (p < 0.05) differences were found in terms of total phenol, total flavonoid, DPPH•+, ABTS+ scavenging activity, betacyanins, betaxanthin and betanicaicd between ultra-sonication and agitation. However, temperature had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on total phenol (8.64-10.598 mg/g), DPPH+scavenging activity (84.36-94.44%), betacyanins (4585.95-5325.32 mg/100 g), betaxanthin (1312.56-1524.06 mg/100 g) and betalamic acid (1408.15-1790.22 mg/100 g) in ultra-sonication. Higher temperature (70 °C) showed greater amount of arbutin and hydroxybenzoic acid than those of lower temperature (30 °C) for both extraction methods. Meanwhile, temperature did not affect vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid for both samples. Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrometry showed that ultra-sonication and agitation resulted in similar effect on the structure of amaranth extracts. Higher temperature was correlated with bioactive compounds, which were observed by principal component analysis (PCA). Therefore, agitation at 70 °C could be used as an alternative for ultra-sonication to improve the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of amaranth. In addition, agitation and ultra-sonication techniques might be served as an alternative of conventional technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruf Ahmed
- Department of Food Processing and Preservation, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5400, Bangladesh;
| | - Karna Ramachandraiah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Gui-Hun Jiang
- School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Changchun 130026, China;
| | - Jong Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology and BK 21 PlusProgram, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwanju 61186, Korea
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16
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Microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from the marshmallow roots: Optimization, purification, structure, and bioactivity. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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The Effect of Polyphenolics in Extracts from Natural Materials on Metabolic Activity of Metastatic Melanoma WM-266-4 Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of natural crops in medicine and pharmacy is growing. Beside bioactive compounds used directly as therapeutic agents, there are also raw materials used for drug synthesis or as a basic model for new biologically active compounds. In this paper, the optimum conditions for material extraction of Curcuma longa, Lycium barbarum, Equisetum arvense, Vitis vinifera, and Rosmarinus officinalis were investigated to achieve high antioxidant levels. The main aim of this study was to verify the correlation between the content of antioxidants, proanthocyanidins and total phenolic substances for certain extracts from the raw materials (Curcuma longa, Lycium barbarum, Equisetum arvense, Vitis vinifera and Rosmarinus officinalis) and the reduction of the metabolic activity of skin cancer cells.
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18
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Glucose-based carbon dots-modified silica stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Fernandes FAN, Fonteles TV, Rodrigues S, de Brito ES, Tiwari BK. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins and phenolics from jabuticaba ( Myrciaria cauliflora) peel: kinetics and mathematical modeling. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:2321-2328. [PMID: 32431358 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) is a dark berry, endemic to the south and central regions of South America, rich in anthocyanins and polyphenols. This study evaluated the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from jabuticaba peel, developed a new mathematical model for the process, and estimated the model parameters. Extraction was carried out using water as solvent aiming its direct use in food formulations. The main anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) and the main polyphenol (ellagic acid) from jabuticaba peel were extracted and quantified by LC-MS and HPLC. The results indicate that lowering the pH increased the extraction of the anthocyanin and had only slight effect on the extraction of ellagic acid. The application of ultrasound at 25 kHz favored the extraction of both compounds. Processing time of 20 min increased the yield of both compounds, while over processing (> 20 min) let to the sonochemical-induced hydrolysis of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and ellagic acid. The highest yield of bioactive compounds was attained at 25 kHz, 20 min of extraction and pH 1.5 (8.9 mg/g dry peel of gallic acid equivalent, 0.9 mg/g dry peel of ellagic acid, and 7.9 mg/g dry peel of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside). The new mathematical model considered the mass transfer between the powder and the liquid media, and the sonochemical-induced hydrolysis of the compound. The model was able to predict satisfactorily the extraction process and the hydrolysis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano A N Fernandes
- 1Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE 60440-900 Brazil
| | - Thatyane V Fonteles
- 2Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza, CE 60440-900 Brazil
| | - Sueli Rodrigues
- 2Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza, CE 60440-900 Brazil
| | - Edy Sousa de Brito
- 3Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra Sara Mesquita, 2270, Pici, Fortaleza, CE 60511-110 Brazil
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- 4Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Skenderidis P, Mitsagga C, Lampakis D, Petrotos K, Giavasis I. The Effect of Encapsulated Powder of Goji Berry ( Lycium barbarum) on Growth and Survival of Probiotic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010057. [PMID: 31905688 PMCID: PMC7022968 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential prebiotic action of Goji berry powder on selected probiotic bacteria grown in a nutritive synthetic substrate and in simulated gastric and intestinal juices. Different probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were grown in these substrates with or without the addition of encapsulated goji berry extracts of different polysaccharide and polyphenol contents. The results proved that the addition of the extracts promoted the proliferation of probiotic strains and, in particular, increased the number of bacterial colonies of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bb12), Bifidobacterium longum (Bb46), and Lactobacillus casei by 2, 0.26, and 1.34 (log cfu/mL), respectively. Furthermore, the prebiotic effect seems to be correlated to Goji berry polysaccharides and/or polyphenols, higher contents of which (under the tested concentrations) could increase the stress tolerance of B. lactis and B. longum in a simulated gastrointestinal environment. According to the findings of the present research, it can be suggested that the Goji berry encapsulated extracts could be used as prebiotic additives in food or nutraceuticals, in order to stimulate growth or protect the viability of probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodromos Skenderidis
- Department of Biosystems Engineering/Agricultural Technology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.L.); (K.P.)
- Department of Food Technology, University of Thessaly, End of N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chrysanthi Mitsagga
- Department of Food Technology, University of Thessaly, End of N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (I.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Lampakis
- Department of Biosystems Engineering/Agricultural Technology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Petrotos
- Department of Biosystems Engineering/Agricultural Technology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Ioannis Giavasis
- Department of Food Technology, University of Thessaly, End of N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (I.G.)
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21
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Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Biological Functions of Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides: A Review. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090389. [PMID: 31438522 PMCID: PMC6770593 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), as bioactive compounds extracted from L. barbarum L. fruit, have been widely explored for their potential health properties. The extraction and structural characterization methods of LBPs were reviewed to accurately understand the extraction method and structural and biological functions of LBPs. An overview of the biological functions of LBPs, such as antioxidant function, antitumor activity, neuroprotective effects, immune regulating function, and other functions, were summarized. This review provides an overview of LBPs and a theoretical basis for further studying and extending the applications of LBPs in the fields of medicine and food.
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Lu Y, Guo S, Zhang F, Yan H, Qian DW, Wang HQ, Jin L, Duan JA. Comparison of Functional Components and Antioxidant Activity of Lycium barbarum L. Fruits from Different Regions in China. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122228. [PMID: 31207958 PMCID: PMC6632000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Lycium barbarum L. (FLB) has been used as medicines and functional foods for more than 2000 years in East Asia. In this study, carotenoid, phenolic, flavonoid, and polysaccharide contents as well as the antioxidant activities of FLB from 13 different regions in China from a total of 78 samples were analyzed. The results showed that total carotenoid contents ranged from 12.93 to 25.35 mg β-carotene equivalents/g DW. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate was the predominant carotenoid (4.260–10.07 mg/g DW) in FLB. The total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total polysaccharide contents ranged from 6.899 to 8.253 mg gallic acid equivalents/g DW, 3.177 to 6.144 mg rutin equivalents/g DW, and 23.62 to 42.45 mg/g DW, respectively. Rutin content ranged from 0.1812 to 0.4391 mg/g DW, and ferulic acid content ranged from 0.0994 to 0.1726 mg/g DW. All of these FLB could be divided into two clusters with PCA analysis, and both individual carotenoids and total carotenoid contents could be used as markers for regional characterization. The phenolic components were the main substance for the antioxidant activity of FLB. Considering the functional component and antioxidant activities, FLB produced in Guyuan of Ningxia was the closest to Daodi herbs (Zhongwei of Ningxia), which is commercially available high quality FLB. The results of this study could provide guidance for comprehensive applications of FLB production in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyuan Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Han-Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Ling Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Skenderidis P, Mitsagga C, Giavasis I, Petrotos K, Lampakis D, Leontopoulos S, Hadjichristodoulou C, Tsakalof A. The in vitro antimicrobial activity assessment of ultrasound assisted Lycium barbarum fruit extracts and pomegranate fruit peels. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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24
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Skenderidis P, Lampakis D, Giavasis I, Leontopoulos S, Petrotos K, Hadjichristodoulou C, Tsakalof A. Chemical Properties, Fatty-Acid Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Goji Berry ( Lycium barbarum L. and Lycium chinense Mill.) Fruits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030060. [PMID: 30857360 PMCID: PMC6466590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the content composition and antioxidant activity of goji berry fruits from two species (Lycium barbarum and Lycium chinense) were assessed. The total carbohydrate and phenolic contents were evaluated using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy, while the antioxidant activity of fruits was examined with two in vitro methods, which are based on the scavenging activity of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) free radicals. The fatty-acid profile was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of this study indicate that the fruits of L. barbarum present higher concentrations in carbohydrates and phenolics than L. chinense Mill. fruits. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity based on the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) measurements of DPPH• and ABTS•+ free-radical scavenging was higher in L. barbarum than L. chinense Mill. Also, the GCMS analysis confirms the high levels of linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids contained in the fruits of both species. Finally, the results of this study clearly show that the concentration of bioactive and antioxidant molecules is higher in L. barbarum than in L. chinense fruits, which was also confirmed by ATR-FT-IR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodromos Skenderidis
- Department of Medicine, Lab of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Thessaly, Papakyriazi 22, 41222 Larissa, Greece.
- Department of Biosystems Engineering/Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Lampakis
- Department of Biosystems Engineering/Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Giavasis
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
| | - Stefanos Leontopoulos
- Department of Biosystems Engineering/Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Petrotos
- Department of Biosystems Engineering/Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Department of Medicine, Lab of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Thessaly, Papakyriazi 22, 41222 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Andreas Tsakalof
- Department of Medicine, Lab of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Thessaly, Papakyriazi 22, 41222 Larissa, Greece.
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Comparative Metabolic Profiling of Lycium Fruits (Lycium barbarum and Lycium chinense) from Different Areas in China and from Nepal. J FOOD QUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4396027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium fruits (Lycium barbarum, Lycium chinense) are mainly cultivated and distributed in Northwest China. The fruits and root bark have been used in Chinese traditional medicine for centuries. In this study, Lycium dry fruit extracts from the main cultivation areas in China together with a sample from Nepal were subjected to a comparative metabolic profiling, including total carbohydrate content, total phenolic content, vitamin C content, carotenoid content, and mineral contents. Results showed that there was a slight difference in contents of nutrients and phytochemicals among samples from different areas. The total carbohydrate content was higher in the sample from Guazhou, Gansu province (69.47%), with an average value of total carbohydrate content of 61.59%, while the highest total phenolic content value was 14.13 mgGAE/g from Nepal. Data concerning vitamin C content ranged between 33.15 and 113.8 mg/100 g, with an average value of 55.29 mg/100 g. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate content in Lycium dry fruits ranged from 419.34 to 1008.90 μg/g among the different samples, with the highest content (1008.90 μg/g) observed in Tianjing. It appeared that we could not clearly differentiate Lycium samples in terms of their metabolic and mineral profile. The quantitative difference observed among samples might be linked to soil composition and environmental aspect of the harvest place. Our results were somehow in the same range as those reported in the literature. Therefore, Lycium fruits could be used as a dietary source of natural function foods and be worthy of development and utilization.
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Zhu Y, Sun J, Xu D, Wang S, Yuan Y, Cao Y. Investigation of (+)‐catechin stability under ultrasonic treatment and its degradation kinetic modeling. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and IngredientsSchool of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Jia Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and IngredientsSchool of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Duoxia Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and IngredientsSchool of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Shaojia Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and IngredientsSchool of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Yingmao Yuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and IngredientsSchool of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and IngredientsSchool of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
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27
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Fumić B, Končić MZ, Jug M. Development of cyclodextrin-based extract of Lotus corniculatus as a potential substrate reduction therapy in mucopolysaccharidoses type III. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-018-0861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Extraction Optimization of Phenolics and Antioxidants from Black Goji Berry by Accelerated Solvent Extractor Using Response Surface Methodology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to provide fundamental knowledge for the use of black goji berry and determine the optimum process parameters that produce maximum phenolics from black goji berry through accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The optimal extractions of phenolics and antioxidants from black goji were explored via the ASE techniques, applying the response surface methodology (RSM) design. After reaching the optimal conditions for single factors, the optimal ASE extraction conditions were found through a total of 17 runs following the Box-Behnken design (BBD) from RSM. The maximum yield of total phenolic content (TPC) was 17.92 mg GAE/g under the best extraction conditions: an extraction temperature of 89.38 °C, an ethanol concentration of 70% and an extraction time of 13 min. This study indicates that the optimal extraction conditions could serve as the scientific basis for scaled-up industrial production. Black goji berry could be a viable source of nutraceuticals due to the abundance of antioxidant and phenolic substances.
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29
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Babamoradi N, Yousefi S, Ziarati P. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of functional polysaccharides from common mullein (Verbascum thapsus
L.) flowers. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Babamoradi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology; Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch; Tehran Iran
| | - Shima Yousefi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Parisa Ziarati
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center; Islamic Azad University Medical Sciences Tehran; Tehran Iran
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30
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Wang C, Xu L, Huang L, Li X, Han W, Liu D, Cui X, Yang Y. Optimization of Maca polysaccharide extraction process and its chemo-protective effects on cyclophosphamide-induced mice. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization; Kunming China
| | - Lei Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization; Kunming China
| | - Luqi Huang
- Chinese Medica Resources Center; China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences; Beijing China
| | - XinRui Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
| | - Wei Han
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Diqiu Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization; Kunming China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization; Kunming China
| | - Ye Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization; Kunming China
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31
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Zhou F, Jiang X, Wang T, Zhang B, Zhao H. Lyciumbarbarum Polysaccharide (LBP): A Novel Prebiotics Candidate for Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1034. [PMID: 29867910 PMCID: PMC5968096 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum is a boxthorn that produces the goji berries. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the proliferative effect of L. barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on probiotics. LBP was extracted from goji berries and its monosaccharide composition characterized by gas chromatography (GC). The LBP extract contained arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose. LBP obviously promoted the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, especially Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bi-26 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. In the presence of LBP in the growth medium, the β-galactosidase (β-GAL) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of strain Bi-26 significantly increased. The activities of β-GAL, LDH, hexokinase (HK), 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) of strain NCFM significantly increased under those conditions. LAB transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the proliferative effect of LBP. The data revealed that LBP promoted the bacterial biosynthetic and metabolic processes, gene expression, transcription, and transmembrane transport. Pyruvate metabolism, carbon metabolism, phosphotransferase system (PTS), and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis genes were overexpressed. Furthermore, LBP improved cell vitality during freeze-drying and tolerance of the gastrointestinal environment. In summary, LBP can be used as a potential prebiotic for Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Food Science, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- Department of Food Science, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Bolin Zhang
- Department of Food Science, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Zhao
- Department of Food Science, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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32
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Povolo C, Foschini A, Ribaudo G. Optimization of the extraction of bioactive molecules from Lycium barbarum fruits and evaluation of the antioxidant activity: a combined study. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2694-2698. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1460835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Povolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Studies, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Studies, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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33
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Tripodo G, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A, Gilbert-López B, Fanali C. Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction by response surface methodology of Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) phenolic bioactive compounds. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1673-1682. [PMID: 29314152 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) has been used for the first time in this work to extract phenolic compounds from Goji berries according to a multilevel factorial design using response surface methodology. The global yield (% w/dw, weight/dry-weight), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid (TF) and antioxidant activity (determined via ABTS assay, expressed as TEAC value) were used as response variables to study the effects of temperature (50-180°C) and green solvent composition (mixtures of ethanol/water). Phenolic compounds characterization was performed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). The optimum PLE conditions predicted by the model were as follows: 180°C and 86% ethanol in water with a good desirability value of 0.815. The predicted conditions were confirmed experimentally and once the experimental design was validated for commercial fruit samples, the PLE extraction of phenolic compounds from three different varieties of fruit samples (Selvatico mongolo, Bigol, and Polonia) was performed. Nine phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in these extracts, including phenolic acids and their derivatives, and flavonols. The optimized PLE conditions were compared to a conventional solid-liquid extraction, demonstrating that PLE is a useful alternative to extract phenolic compounds from Goji berry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Tripodo
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Chiara Fanali
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Kręcisz M, Wójtowicz A, Oniszczuk A. Effect of composition and processing conditions on selected characteristics of extruded corn instant gruels enriched with fruits addition. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20181002013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberries and goji berries were used as natural supplements in extruded instant corn gruels. The effects of additive type and level, as well as extrusion-cooking screw speed on selected properties of extrudates were tested. Corn grit was used as the base raw materials and dry and ground goji berries and cranberries were added at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%. Extrusion-cooking of blends was performed with a single screw extruder at temperature ranged 125-135°C using various screw speed during processing. Extrudates were ground below 1 mm for instant gruels. Water absorption, water solubility, as well as colour profile were tested. The results showed that the highest water absorption was evaluated for instant gruels consist the highest amount of goji berries extruded at the highest screw speed during processing, while cranberries addition have no significant effect on water absorption. Increasing amount of dry cranberries and goji berries in the recipe affected on lowering the water solubility of the extrudates. Significant effect of fruits on color coordinates was observed. Increasing amount of dry berries lowered lightness L* and yellowness of instant gruels, especially when goji berries were used in the recipe. Increasing the screw speed during processing decreased intensity b* values.
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