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Dubey R, Sinha N, Jagannathan NR. Potential of in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance of biofluids and tissues in clinical research. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4686. [PMID: 34970810 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Body fluids, cells, and tissues contain a wide variety of metabolites that consist of a mixture of various low-molecular-weight compounds, including amino acids, peptides, lipids, nucleic acids, and organic acids, which makes comprehensive analysis more difficult. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-established analytical technique for analyzing the metabolic profiles of body fluids, cells, and tissues. It enables fast and comprehensive detection, characterization, a high level of experimental reproducibility, minimal sample preparation, and quantification of various endogenous metabolites. In recent times, NMR-based metabolomics has been appreciably utilized in diverse branches of medicine, including microbiology, toxicology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, nutritional intervention, and disease diagnosis/prognosis. In this review, the utility of NMR-based metabolomics in clinical studies is discussed. The significance of in vitro NMR-based metabolomics as an effective tool for detecting metabolites and their variations in different diseases are discussed, together with the possibility of identifying specific biomarkers that can contribute to early detection and diagnosis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Dubey
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Naranamangalam R Jagannathan
- Department of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, India
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology, Madras, Chennai, India
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2
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Shi T, Feng Y, Liu W, Liu H, Li T, Wang M, Li Z, Lu J, Abudurexiti A, Maimaitireyimu A, Hu J, Gao F. Characteristics of gut microbiota and fecal metabolomes in patients with celiac disease in Northwest China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1020977. [PMID: 36519162 PMCID: PMC9742481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune small bowel disease. The pattern of gut microbiota is closely related to dietary habits, genetic background, and geographical factors. There is a lack of research on CD-related gut microbiota in China. This study aimed to use 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics to analyze the fecal microbial composition and metabolome characteristics in patients diagnosed with CD in Northwest China, and to screen potential biomarkers that could be used for its diagnosis. A significant difference in the gut microbiota composition was observed between the CD and healthy controls groups. At the genus level, the abundance of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, and Allisonella communities in the CD group were increased (Q < 0.05). Furthermore, the abundance of Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Gemmiger, and Anaerostipes community in this group were decreased (Q < 0.05). A total of 222 different fecal metabolites were identified in the two groups, suggesting that CD patients have a one-carbon metabolism defect. Four species of bacteria and six metabolites were selected as potential biomarkers using a random forest model. Correlation analysis showed that changes in the gut microbiota were significantly correlated with changes in fecal metabolite levels. In conclusion, the patterns of distribution of gut microbiota and metabolomics in patients with CD in Northwest China were found to be unique to these individuals. This has opened up a new way to explore potential beneficial effects of supplementing specific nutrients and potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Ziqiong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiajie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Adilai Abudurexiti
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Ayinuer Maimaitireyimu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiali Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
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3
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Upadhyay D, Das P, Dattagupta S, Makharia GK, Jagannathan NR, Sharma U. NMR based metabolic profiling of patients with potential celiac disease elucidating early biochemical changes of gluten-sensitivity: A pilot Study. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:291-301. [PMID: 35489390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The patients with positive celiac disease (CeD) specific serology, but no evidence of intestinal inflammation are defined as potential celiac disease (PCeD) patients. About one-third of PCeD patients develop intestinal inflammation over time. The present study investigated the metabolome of small intestinal biopsies, blood plasma, and urine of patients with PCeD to understand the biochemical changes underlying the CeD. METHODS The metabolic profiles of small intestinal biopsies, blood plasma, and urine of patients with PCeD (n=7) were compared with CeD (n=64) and controls (n=15) [disease controls (DC) and healthy controls (HC)] using 1H NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS The intestinal mucosa of PCeD showed lower levels of histidine, glycine, tyrosine, and tryptophan compared to DC. Altered levels of 6 metabolites (glucose, acetate, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, pyruvate, arginine) in blood plasma and two metabolites (succinate and aminohippurate) in urine were observed in PCeD compared to HC. The PLS-DA model built on the concentration of blood plasma showed separate clustering for PCeD and CeD patients. CONCLUSION Altered metabolic profile of PCeD suggested that gluten intolerance was evident at the metabolic level before the intestinal damage. Altered energy metabolism and lower cytoprotective activity (histidine, glycine, arginine) indicated vulnerability to develop intestinal inflammation in PCeD over time. Our study may provide an insight into early biochemical processes of the progression of PCeD to CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Upadhyay
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi -110 029, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi -110 029, India
| | - Siddhartha Dattagupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi -110 029, India
| | - Govind K Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi -110 029, India
| | | | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi -110 029, India.
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Khalkhal E, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Fathi F, Nobakht M. Gh BF, Taherkhani A, Rostami-Nejad M, Asri N, Haidari MH. Screening of Altered Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways in Celiac Disease Using NMR Spectroscopy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1798783. [PMID: 34820452 PMCID: PMC8608527 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1798783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune intestinal disorder caused by gluten protein consumption in genetically predisposed individuals. As biopsy sampling is an invasive procedure, finding novel noninvasive serological markers for screening of at-risk CeD population is a priority. Metabolomics is helpful in monitoring metabolite changes in body fluids and tissues. In the present study, we evaluated serum metabolite levels of CeD patients relative to healthy controls with the aim of introducing new biomarkers for population screening. METHOD We compared the serum metabolic profile of CeD patients (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 22) using NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. RESULT 25 metabolites were identified by serum metabolic profiling. Levels of 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid and isobutyrate showed significant differences in CeD patients' samples compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). According to pathway analysis, our data demonstrated that changes in nine metabolic pathways were significantly disrupted/affected in patients with CeD. These enriched pathways are involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; primary bile acid biosynthesis; nitrogen metabolism; glutamine and glutamate metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation; taurine and hypotaurine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and arginine biosynthesis. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrated that changes in the serum level of 25 metabolites may be useful in distinguishing CeD patients from healthy controls, which have the potential to be considered candidate biomarkers of CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Khalkhal
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Fathi
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - B. Fatemeh Nobakht M. Gh
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossain Haidari
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Lerner A, Sobolevskaia P, Churilov L, Shoenfeld Y. Alpha-enolase involvement in intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease. J Transl Autoimmun 2021; 4:100109. [PMID: 34189450 PMCID: PMC8219987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is a life-long intestinal autoimmune disease, characterized by the gluten intolerance and chronic enteric inflammation. Traditionally presented by intestinal manifestations, however, a shift toward extra intestinal presentation is taking place. One of the affected organs is the nervous systems presented by neuropsychiatric manifestations, hence the mechanism and pathways are not clear. The presence of neuronal and alpha-enolases and their corresponding antibodies were noticed in the mucosa and serum of celiac disease patients, as well as in other various autoimmune diseases with psycho-neurological manifestations. The aims of the present review are to screen the literature on different isoforms of enolase, mainly alpha enolase, and their specific antibodies and to suggest their potential pathophysiological mechanisms relaying the enolases to intestinal or extraintestinal celiac disease manifestations. The shared aspects between the enolases and celiac disease and the cross-talks between alpha-enolase and tissue transglutaminase suggest new potential pathophysiological mechanisms that might drive celiac disease evolvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | | | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Visiting Professor), Moscow, Russia.,Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Sitkin SI, Avalueva EB, Oreshko LS, Khavkin AI. Intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis in celiac disease. ROSSIYSKIY VESTNIK PERINATOLOGII I PEDIATRII (RUSSIAN BULLETIN OF PERINATOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS) 2021; 66:116-122. [DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-2-116-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. I. Sitkin
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University; Almazov National Medical Research Centre; State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations
| | | | | | - A. I. Khavkin
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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7
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Gu J, Huang C, Hu X, Xia J, Shao W, Lin D. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based tissue metabolomic analysis clarifies molecular mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3195-3209. [PMID: 32369664 PMCID: PMC7469815 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and the progression of gastric carcinogenesis (GCG) covers multiple complicated pathological stages. Molecular mechanisms of GCG are still unclear. Here, we undertook NMR-based metabolomic analysis of aqueous metabolites extracted from gastric tissues in an established rat model of GCG. We showed that the metabolic profiles were clearly distinguished among 5 histologically classified groups: control, gastritis, low-grade gastric dysplasia, high-grade gastric dysplasia (HGD), and GC. Furthermore, we carried out metabolic pathway analysis based on identified significant metabolites and revealed significantly disturbed metabolic pathways closely associated with the 4 pathological stages, including oxidation stress, choline phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, Krebs cycle, and glycolysis. Three metabolic pathways were continually disturbed during the progression of GCG, including taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glutamine and glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Both the Krebs cycle and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were profoundly impaired in both the HGD and GC stages, potentially due to abnormal energy supply for tumor cell proliferation and growth. Furthermore, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and glycolysis were significantly disturbed in the GC stage for higher energy requirement of the rapid growth of tumor cells. Additionally, we identified potential gastric tissue biomarkers for metabolically discriminating the 4 pathological stages, which also showed good discriminant capabilities for their serum counterparts. This work sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of GCG and is of benefit to the exploration of potential biomarkers for clinically diagnosing and monitoring the progression of GCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian ProvinceHigh‐field NMR CenterXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesKey Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of EducationZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and HealthXiamen University of TechnologyXiamenChina
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian ProvinceHigh‐field NMR CenterXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jinmei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic ResourcesThird Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationXiamenChina
| | - Wei Shao
- Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen UniversityMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Donghai Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian ProvinceHigh‐field NMR CenterXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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8
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Upadhyay D, Singh A, Das P, Mehtab J, Dattagupta S, Ahuja V, Makharia GK, Jagannathan NR, Sharma U. Abnormalities in metabolic pathways in celiac disease investigated by the metabolic profiling of small intestinal mucosa, blood plasma and urine by NMR spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4305. [PMID: 32394522 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune enteropathy caused by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. We investigated the metabolism of CeD by metabolic profiling of intestinal mucosa, blood plasma and urine using NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. The metabolic profile of the small intestinal mucosa was compared between patients with CeD (n = 64) and disease controls (DCs, n = 30). The blood plasma and urinary metabolomes of CeD patients were compared with healthy controls (HCs, n = 39). Twelve metabolites (proline (Pro), arginine (Arg), glycine (Gly), histidine (His), glutamate (Glu), aspartate, tryptophan (Trp), fumarate, formate, succinate (Succ), glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and allantoin (Alln)) of intestinal mucosa differentiated CeD from controls. The metabolome of blood plasma with 18 metabolites (Pro, Arg, Gly, alanine, Glu, glutamine, glucose (Glc), lactate (Lac), acetate (Ace), acetoacetate (AcAc), β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), pyruvate (Pyr), Succ, citrate (Cit), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), phosphocreatine (PCr) and creatinine) and 9 metabolites of urine (Pro, Trp, β-OHB, Pyr, Succ, N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), aminohippurate (AHA), indoxyl sulfate (IS) and Alln) distinguished CeD from HCs. Our data demonstrated changes in nine metabolic pathways. The altered metabolites were associated with increased oxidative stress (Alln), impaired healing and repair mechanisms (Pro, Arg), compromised anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective processes (Gly, His, NMN), altered energy metabolism (Glc, Lac, β-OHB, Ace, AcAc, Pyr, Succ, Cit, Cho, Cr and PCr), impaired membrane metabolism (GPC and Cho) and intestinal dysbiosis (AHA and IS). An orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis model provided clear differentiation between patients with CeD and controls in all three specimens. A classification model built by combining the distinguishing metabolites of blood plasma and urine samples gave an AUC of 0.99 with 97.7% sensitivity, 93.3% specificity and a predictive accuracy of 95.1%, which was higher than for the models built separately using small intestinal mucosa, blood plasma and urine. In conclusion, a panel of metabolic biomarkers in intestinal biopsies, plasma and urine samples has potential to differentiate CeD from controls and may complement traditional tests to improve the diagnosis of CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Upadhyay
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alka Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jiya Mehtab
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Govind K Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naranamangalam R Jagannathan
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Radiology, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Gupta S, Sharma U, Jagannathan NR, Gupta YK. 1 H NMR metabolomic profiling elucidated attenuation of neurometabolic alterations by lercanidipine in MCAo model in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:816-825. [PMID: 32163186 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide with limited therapeutic interventions. The current study explored proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H NMR)-based metabolomic approach to elucidate the effect of lercanidipine on neurometabolic alterations in transient model of ischaemic stroke in rats. METHODS In the present investigation, male Wistar rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) for 2 h followed by reperfusion using intraluminal filament method. Rats were randomly divided into three groups as vehicle-treated sham control, vehicle-treated MCAo control and lercanidipine-treated MCAo. Vehicle or lercanidipine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 120 min post-reperfusion. The rat brain cortex tissues were isolated 24 h post-MCAo and were investigated by 1 H NMR spectroscopy through perchloric extraction method. KEY FINDINGS A total of 23 metabolites were altered significantly after cerebral ischaemic-reperfusion injury in MCAo control as compared to sham control rats. Lercanidipine significantly reduced the levels of valine, alanine, lactate, acetate and tyrosine, while N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, creatine/phosphocreatine, choline, glycerophosphorylcholine, taurine, myo-inositol and adenosine di-phosphate were elevated as compared to MCAo control. CONCLUSIONS Present study illustrates effect of lercanidipine on neurometabolic alterations which might be mediated through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and anti-apoptotic property in MCAo model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Gupta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kucherenko I, Topolnikova Y, Soldatkin O. Advances in the biosensors for lactate and pyruvate detection for medical applications: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Ciccocioppo R, Panelli S, Conti Bellocchi MC, Cangemi GC, Frulloni L, Capelli E, Corazza GR. The Transcriptomic Analysis of Circulating Immune Cells in a Celiac Family Unveils Further Insights Into Disease Pathogenesis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:182. [PMID: 29971234 PMCID: PMC6018082 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD), the most common chronic enteropathy worldwide, is triggered and sustained by a dysregulated immune response to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Up to date either the role of environmental factors and the pathways leading to mucosal damage have been only partially unraveled. Therefore, we seized the unique opportunity to study a naturally-occurring experimental model of a family composed of both parents suffering from CD (one on a gluten-free diet) and two non-celiac daughters. The control group consisted in four unrelated cases, two celiac and two non-celiac subjects, all matching with family members for both disease status and genetic susceptibility. In this privileged setting, we sought to investigate gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), a population known to mirror the immune response state within the gut. To this purpose, PBMCs were obtained from the four biopsied-proven CD patients and the four non-celiac cases. Each group included two family members and two unrelated control subjects. After RNA purification and cDNA synthesis, each sample underwent a microarray screen on a whole-transcriptome scale, and the hybridization results were visualized by hierarchical clustering. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were partitioned into clusters displaying comparable regulations among samples. These clusters were subjected to both functional and pathway analysis by using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Interestingly, on a global gene expression level, the family members clustered together, regardless of their disease status. A relevant fraction of DEG belonged to a limited number of pathways, and could be differentiated based on disease status: active CD vs. treated CD and CD vs. controls. These pathways were mainly involved in immune function regulation, cell-cell junctions, protein targeting and degradation, exosome trafficking, and signal transduction. Worth of noting, a small group of genes mapping on the male-specific region of the Y chromosome, and previously linked to cardiovascular risk, was found to be strongly upregulated in the active CD case belonging to the family, who suddenly died of a heart attack. Our results provide novel information on CD pathogenesis and may be useful in identifying new therapeutic tools and risk factors associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Panelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Invernizzi", University of Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Maria C Conti Bellocchi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina C Cangemi
- Clinica Medica I, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Frulloni
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Capelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Gino R Corazza
- Clinica Medica I, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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12
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Gupta S, Upadhayay D, Sharma U, Jagannathan NR, Gupta YK. Citalopram attenuated neurobehavioral, biochemical, and metabolic alterations in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in male Wistar rats. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1277-1293. [PMID: 29656429 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated as cardinal mechanisms of neuronal death following stroke. In the present study citalopram (Cit) was investigated in a 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model of stroke in male Wistar rats. Pretreatment, posttreatment (Post Cit) and pre plus posttreatment (Pre + Post Cit) with Cit were evaluated for its neuroprotective effect. In pretreatment protocol, effect of Cit at three doses (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg) administered i.p., 1 h prior to MCAo was evaluated using neurological deficit score (NDS), motor deficit paradigms, and cerebral infarction 24 h post-MCAo. In posttreatment and pre plus posttreatment protocol, the effective dose of Cit (4 mg/kg) was administered i.p., 0.5 h post-reperfusion (Post Cit) only, and 1 h prior to MCAo and again at 0.5 h post-reperfusion (Pre + Post Cit), respectively. These two groups were assessed for NDS and cerebral infarction. Though NDS was significantly reduced in both Post Cit and Pre + Post Cit groups, significant reduction in cerebral infarction was evident only in Pre + Post Cit group. Infarct volume assessed by magnetic resonance imaging was significantly attenuated in Pre + Post Cit group (10.6 ± 1.1%) compared to MCAo control group (18.5 ± 3.0%). Further, Pre + Post Cit treatment significantly altered 17 metabolites along with attenuation of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, matrix metalloproteinases, and apoptotic markers as compared to MCAo control. These results support the neuroprotective effect of Cit, mediated through amelioration of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and altered metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Deepti Upadhayay
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | | | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
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13
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Wang LH, Zhang ZH, Zeng XA, Gong DM, Wang MS. Combination of microbiological, spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques to study the antibacterial mechanism of thymol against Staphylococcus aureus: membrane damage and genomic DNA binding. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1615-1625. [PMID: 27900434 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) is a natural ingredient used as flavor or preservative agent in food products. The antibacterial mechanism of thymol against Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in this work. A total of 15 membrane fatty acids were identified in S. aureus cells by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Exposure to thymol at low concentrations induced obvious alterations in membrane fatty acid composition, such as decreasing the proportion of branched 12-methyltetradecanoic acid and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (from 22.4 and 17.3% to 7.9 and 10.3%, respectively). Membrane permeability assay and morphological image showed that thymol at higher concentrations disrupted S. aureus cell membrane integrity, which may decrease cell viability. Moreover, the interaction of thymol with genomic DNA was also investigated using multi-spectroscopic techniques, docking and atomic force microscopy. The results indicated that thymol bound to the minor groove of DNA with binding constant (K a) value of (1.22 ± 0.14) × 104 M-1, and this binding interaction induced a mild destabilization in the DNA secondary structure, and made DNA molecules to be aggregated. Graphical Abstract Thymol exerts its antibacterial effect throught destruction of bacterial cell membrane and binding directly to genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang-Hong Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China.,Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Research Center of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China.,Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Research Center of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China. .,Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Research Center of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China.
| | - De-Ming Gong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Man-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 348 West Xianjiahu Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
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