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Edwards TS, Day AS. The role of fecal biomarkers in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:497-508. [PMID: 38995110 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2375224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is a relapsing and remitting condition. Noninvasive biomarkers have an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of IBD and in the prediction of future disease course in individuals with IBD. Strategies for the management of IBD increasingly rely upon close monitoring of gastrointestinal inflammation. AREAS COVERED This review provides an update on the current understanding of established and novel stool-based biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of IBD. It also highlights key gaps, identifies limitations, and advantages of current markers, and examines aspects that require further study and analysis. EXPERT OPINION Current noninvasive inflammatory markers play an important role in the diagnosis and management of IBD; however, limitations exist. Future work is required to further characterize and validate current and novel markers of inflammation. In addition, it is essential to better understand the roles and characteristics of noninvasive markers to enable the appropriate selection to accurately determine the condition of the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan S Edwards
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Du R, Chen S, Han C, He Z, Pei H, Yang Y. M1 intestinal macrophages-derived exosomes promote colitis progression and mucosal barrier injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5703-5710. [PMID: 38535999 PMCID: PMC11006457 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM This work aimed to investigate the role of M1 intestinal macrophages-derived exosomes (M1-Exo) in colitis and its mechanism. METHODS M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages was induced in vitro, and their exosomes were extracted and identified. Thereafter, the DSS-induced colitis mouse model was built. Each mouse was given intraperitoneal injection of exosomes, and then mouse weight and DAI were dynamically monitored. In addition, the levels of cytokines were detected by ELISA. After treatment with the TLR4 inhibitor Resatorvid, the effects of M1 macrophages-derived exosomes were observed. Besides, the mouse intestinal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro for observing function of M1-Exo. RESULTS M1-exo aggravated the colitis and tissue inflammation in mice, activated the TLR4 signal, and destroyed the mucosal barrier. But M0 macrophages-derived exosomes (M0-Exo) did not have the above effects. Resatorvid treatment antagonized the roles of M1-exo. Moreover, as confirmed by cellular experiments in vitro, M1-exo destroyed mucosal barrier. CONCLUSION M1-exo serve as the pro-inflammatory mediator, which can promote mouse colitis progression by activating TLR4 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenyang Medical College Affiliated Second Hospital, Shenyang 314005, China
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Carvente CT, Ferraz MLCG, Toledo CFD. EVALUATING LACTOFERRIN AND CALPROTECTIN AS MARKERS OF INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION INCHRONIC PANCREATITIS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2024; 61:e24003. [PMID: 38451674 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.246102024-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of chronic pancreatitis does not consistently solve intestinal abnormalities, and despite the implementation of various therapeutic measures, patients often continue to experience persistent diarrhea. Therefore, it is imperative to recognize that diarrhea may stem from factors beyond pancreatic insufficiency, and intestinal inflammation emerges as a potential contributing factor. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess fecal lactoferrin and calprotectin levels as indicators of intestinal inflammation in patients with chronic pancreatitis experiencing persistent diarrhea. METHODS In this study, 23 male patients with chronic pancreatitis primarily attributed to alcohol consumption and presenting with diarrhea (classified as Bristol stool scale type 6 or 7), underwent a comprehensive evaluation of their clinical and nutritional status. Fecal lactoferrin and calprotectin levels were mea-sured utilizing immunoassay techniques. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 54.8 years, 43.5% had diabetes, and 73.9% were smokers. Despite receiving enzyme replacement therapy and refraining from alcohol for over 4 years, all participants exhibited persistent diarrhea, accompanied by elevated calprotectin and lactoferrin levels indicative of ongoing intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSION The findings of this study underscore that intestinal inflammation, as evidenced by elevated fecal biomarkers calprotectin and lactoferrin, may contribute to explaining the persistence of diarrhea in patients with chronic pancreatitis. BACKGROUND • Exploration of intestinal inflammation in chronic pancreatitis patients with altered bowel habits. BACKGROUND • Assessment of 23 patients using lactoferrin and calprotectin as intestinal inflammation biomarkers. BACKGROUND • Intestinal inflammation was detected in all patients; positive correlation between both biomarkers. BACKGROUND • Established connection between altered bowel habits and intestinal inflammation in chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Teresa Carvente
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Lúcia Cardoso Gomes Ferraz
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Fischer de Toledo
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Fancy N, Nitin, Kniffen D, Melvin M, Kazemian N, Sadeghi J, Letef CA, D'Aloisio L, Copp AG, Inaba R, Hans G, Jafaripour S, Haskey N, Raman M, Daneshgar P, Chadee K, Ghosh S, Gibson DL, Pakpour S, Zandberg W, Bergstrom KSB. Fecal-adherent mucus is a non-invasive source of primary human MUC2 for structural and functional characterization in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105675. [PMID: 38272223 PMCID: PMC10891339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The O-glycoprotein Mucin-2 (MUC2) forms the protective colon mucus layer. While animal models have demonstrated the importance of Muc2, few studies have explored human MUC2 in similar depth. Recent studies have revealed that secreted MUC2 is bound to human feces. We hypothesized human fecal MUC2 (HF-MUC2) was accessible for purification and downstream structural and functional characterization. We tested this via histologic and quantitative imaging on human fecal sections; extraction from feces for proteomic and O-glycomic characterization; and functional studies via growth and metabolic assays in vitro. Quantitative imaging of solid fecal sections showed a continuous mucus layer of varying thickness along human fecal sections with barrier functions intact. Lectin profiling showed HF-MUC2 bound several lectins but was weak to absent for Ulex europaeus 1 (α1,2 fucose-binding) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (α2,6 sialic acid-binding), and did not have obvious b1/b2 barrier layers. HF-MUC2 separated by electrophoresis showed high molecular weight glycoprotein bands (∼1-2 MDa). Proteomics and Western analysis confirmed the enrichment of MUC2 and potential MUC2-associated proteins in HF-MUC2 extracts. MUC2 O-glycomics revealed diverse fucosylation, moderate sialylation, and little sulfation versus porcine colonic MUC2 and murine fecal Muc2. O-glycans were functional and supported the growth of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in vitro. MUC2 could be similarly analyzed from inflammatory bowel disease stools, which displayed an altered glycomic profile and differential growth and SCFA production by B. theta versus healthy samples. These studies describe a new non-invasive platform for human MUC2 characterization in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Fancy
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Nitin
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Darrek Kniffen
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Melvin
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Negin Kazemian
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Javad Sadeghi
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Clara A Letef
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Leah D'Aloisio
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Amanda G Copp
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Rain Inaba
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Geetkamal Hans
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Simin Jafaripour
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Natasha Haskey
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Kris Chadee
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Sepideh Pakpour
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Wesley Zandberg
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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Danne C, Skerniskyte J, Marteyn B, Sokol H. Neutrophils: from IBD to the gut microbiota. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:184-197. [PMID: 38110547 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract that results from dysfunction in innate and/or adaptive immune responses. Impaired innate immunity, which leads to lack of control of an altered intestinal microbiota and to activation of the adaptive immune system, promotes a secondary inflammatory response that is responsible for tissue damage. Neutrophils are key players in innate immunity in IBD, but their roles have been neglected compared with those of other immune cells. The latest studies on neutrophils in IBD have revealed unexpected complexities, with heterogeneous populations and dual functions, both deleterious and protective, for the host. In parallel, interconnections between disease development, intestinal microbiota and neutrophils have been highlighted. Numerous IBD susceptibility genes (such as NOD2, NCF4, LRRK2, CARD9) are involved in neutrophil functions related to defence against microorganisms. Moreover, severe monogenic diseases involving dysfunctional neutrophils, including chronic granulomatous disease, are characterized by intestinal inflammation that mimics IBD and by alterations in the intestinal microbiota. This observation demonstrates the dialogue between neutrophils, gut inflammation and the microbiota. Neutrophils affect microbiota composition and function in several ways. In return, microbial factors, including metabolites, regulate neutrophil production and function directly and indirectly. It is crucial to further investigate the diverse roles played by neutrophils in host-microbiota interactions, both at steady state and in inflammatory conditions, to develop new IBD therapies. In this Review, we discuss the roles of neutrophils in IBD, in light of emerging evidence proving strong interconnections between neutrophils and the gut microbiota, especially in an inflammatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Danne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Gastroentérologie, Paris, France.
- Paris Center For Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France.
| | - Jurate Skerniskyte
- CNRS, UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Strasbourg, France
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Benoit Marteyn
- CNRS, UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm 1225 Unité de Pathogenèse des Infections Vasculaires, Paris, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Gastroentérologie, Paris, France
- Paris Center For Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Tweedie-Cullen RY, Leong K, Wilson BC, Derraik JGB, Albert BB, Monk R, Vatanen T, Creagh C, Depczynski M, Edwards T, Beck K, Thabrew H, O'Sullivan JM, Cutfield WS. Protocol for the Gut Bugs in Autism Trial: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of faecal microbiome transfer for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic adolescents and adults. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e074625. [PMID: 38320845 PMCID: PMC10860090 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism (formally autism spectrum disorder) encompasses a group of complex neurodevelopmental conditions, characterised by differences in communication and social interactions. Co-occurring chronic gastrointestinal symptoms are common among autistic individuals and can adversely affect their quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of oral encapsulated faecal microbiome transfer (FMT) in improving gastrointestinal symptoms and well-being among autistic adolescents and adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial will recruit 100 autistic adolescents and adults aged 16-45 years, who have mild to severe gastrointestinal symptoms (Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) score ≥2.0). We will also recruit eight healthy donors aged 18-32 years, who will undergo extensive clinical screening. Recipients will be randomised 1:1 to receive FMT or placebo, stratified by biological sex. Capsules will be administered over two consecutive days following an overnight bowel cleanse with follow-up assessments at 6, 12 and 26 weeks post-treatment. The primary outcome is GSRS score at 6 weeks. Other assessments include anthropometry, body composition, hair cortisol concentration, gut microbiome profile, urine/plasma gut-derived metabolites, plasma markers of gut inflammation/permeability and questionnaires on general well-being, sleep quality, physical activity, food diversity and treatment tolerability. Adverse events will be recorded and reviewed by an independent data monitoring committee. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval for the study was granted by the Central Health and Disability Ethics Committee on 24 August 2021 (reference number: 21/CEN/211). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented to both scientific and consumer group audiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12622000015741.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Leong
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brooke C Wilson
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José G B Derraik
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin B Albert
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Monk
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Autism New Zealand Inc, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christine Creagh
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Taygen Edwards
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn Beck
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hiran Thabrew
- Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Shajari E, Gagné D, Malick M, Roy P, Noël JF, Gagnon H, Brunet MA, Delisle M, Boisvert FM, Beaulieu JF. Application of SWATH Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning in the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Based on the Stool Proteome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:333. [PMID: 38397935 PMCID: PMC10886680 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flare-ups exhibit symptoms that are similar to other diseases and conditions, making diagnosis and treatment complicated. Currently, the gold standard for diagnosing and monitoring IBD is colonoscopy and biopsy, which are invasive and uncomfortable procedures, and the fecal calprotectin test, which is not sufficiently accurate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an alternative method. In this study, our aim was to provide proof of concept for the application of Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra-Mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) and machine learning to develop a non-invasive and accurate predictive model using the stool proteome to distinguish between active IBD patients and symptomatic non-IBD patients. Proteome profiles of 123 samples were obtained and data processing procedures were optimized to select an appropriate pipeline. The differentially abundant analysis identified 48 proteins. Utilizing correlation-based feature selection (Cfs), 7 proteins were selected for proceeding steps. To identify the most appropriate predictive machine learning model, five of the most popular methods, including support vector machines (SVMs), random forests, logistic regression, naive Bayes, and k-nearest neighbors (KNN), were assessed. The generated model was validated by implementing the algorithm on 45 prospective unseen datasets; the results showed a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 76%, indicating its performance. In conclusion, this study illustrates the effectiveness of utilizing the stool proteome obtained through SWATH-MS in accurately diagnosing active IBD via a machine learning model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Shajari
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - David Gagné
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Allumiqs, 975 Rue Léon-Trépanier, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 5J6, Canada
| | - Mandy Malick
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Patricia Roy
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Hugo Gagnon
- Allumiqs, 975 Rue Léon-Trépanier, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 5J6, Canada
| | - Marie A. Brunet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Maxime Delisle
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - François-Michel Boisvert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Mostafa I, Hasan SMT, Gazi MA, Alam MA, Fahim SM, Saqeeb KN, Ahmed T. Alteration of stool pH and its association with biomarkers of gut enteropathy among slum-dwelling women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:661. [PMID: 38071298 PMCID: PMC10710701 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that measures of maternal gut enteropathy are associated with unfavorable fetal outcomes. It is, therefore, crucial to identify and treat the features of intestinal enteropathy among reproductive-age women living in areas where enteropathy is highly prevalent. However, there is a lack of non-invasive diagnostic tests to determine EED, making it difficult to identify the disease in field settings. In this study, we tested the potential of fecal pH as a biomarker of gut enteropathy and investigated its relationship with fecal biomarkers of intestinal enteropathy in reproductive-age women living in resource-limited environments. METHODS Data on socio-demographic information, anthropometry, and biological samples were collected from 78 apparently healthy women aged between 20 and 27 years from November 2018 to December 2019. The association of stool pH with two fecal biomarkers of gut enteropathy (i.e., intestinal alkaline phosphatase [IAP] and fecal lipocalin-2 [LCN-2] was investigated using multiple linear regression models after adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS In the adjusted models, alkaline stool pH (pH > 7.2) was found to be significantly associated with a decrease in the fecal IAP level by 1.05 unit (95% CI: -1.68, -0.42; p < 0.001) in the log scale, and acidic stool pH (pH < 6) was found to be significantly associated with an increase in the fecal LCN-2 level by 0.89 units (95% CI: 0.12, 1.67; p < 0.025) in the log scale. CONCLUSIONS The study findings demonstrated an association of fecal pH with biomarkers of gut enteropathy indicating its applicability as a simple tool for understanding intestinal enteropathy among reproductive-age women living in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Mostafa
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - S M Tafsir Hasan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amran Gazi
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Nazmus Saqeeb
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
- Office of the Executive Director, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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Jia Z, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wei X, Zhang M. Biosensing Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase by Pregnancy Test Strips Based on Target-Triggered CRISPR-Cas12a Activity to Monitor Intestinal Inflammation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14111-14118. [PMID: 37668549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing incidence worldwide, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract, which impairs the life quality of patients. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a sensitive, simple, and convenient biosensor to analyze IBD-associated biomarkers for an auxiliary diagnosis of IBD. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), expressed by the intestinal epithelium, is an endogenous protein that is thought to play a vital role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and is considered a potential biomarker for IBD. Here, an IAP detection method was developed using pregnancy test strips by dephosphorylation. Initially, a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was designed to respond to IAP and acted as an activator of Cas12a. In the presence of IAP, the designed dsDNA was not digested by lambda exonuclease (λ exo), which hybridized to the Cas12a-crRNA duplex and resulted in the activation of the trans-cleavage of Cas12a. Further, the activated Cas12a cleaved the single-strand DNA (ssDNA) linker in the MBs-ssDNA-hCG probe, triggering the release of hCG. With magnetic separation, the released hCG could be quantitatively detected by pregnancy test strips. IAP levels were analyzed in feces from colitis and healthy mice by pregnancy test strips. The results showed that the IAP level of colitis mice (3.89 ± 1.92 U/L) was much lower than that of healthy mice (39.64 ± 24.93 U/L), indicating the correlation between IAP and intestinal inflammation. Taken together, a sensitive, user-friendly detection assay based on pregnancy test strips was constructed to monitor IAP and used as an auxiliary diagnostic approach for IBD in a clinical scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chuanyu Zhang
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xueyong Wei
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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10
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Witarto BS, Visuddho V, Witarto AP, Sampurna MTA, Irzaldy A. Performance of fecal S100A12 as a novel non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:432-442. [PMID: 37094752 PMCID: PMC10492162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in pediatric patients are increasing. Currently, the diagnostic method for IBD is inconvenient, expensive, and difficult. S100A12, a type of calcium-binding protein, detected in the feces of patients with IBD has recently been suggested as a promising diagnostic tool. Hence, the authors aimed to evaluate the accuracy of fecal S100A12 in diagnosing IBD in pediatric patients by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS The authors performed a systematic literature search in five electronic databases for eligible studies up to July 15, 2021. Pooled diagnostic accuracies of fecal S100A12 were analyzed as the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were standardized mean difference (SMD) of fecal S100A12 levels between IBD and non-IBD groups and a comparison of diagnostic accuracies between fecal S100A12 and fecal calprotectin. RESULTS Seven studies comprising 712 children and adolescents (474 non-IBD controls and 238 IBD cases) were included. Fecal S100A12 levels were higher in the IBD group than in the non-IBD group (SMD = 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-2.58; p < 0.0001). Fecal S100A12 could diagnose IBD in pediatric patients with a pooled sensitivity of 95% (95% CI = 88%-98%), specificity of 97% (95% CI = 95%-98%), and area under the receiver operating summary characteristics (AUSROC) curve of 0.99 (95% CI = 0.97-0.99). Fecal S100A12 specificity and AUSROC curve values were higher than those of fecal calprotectin (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Fecal S100A12 may serve as an accurate and non-invasive tool for diagnosing pediatric IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Visuddho Visuddho
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Mahendra Tri Arif Sampurna
- Universitas Airlangga, Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Surabaya, Indonesia; Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Abyan Irzaldy
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Conesa C, Bellés A, Grasa L, Sánchez L. The Role of Lactoferrin in Intestinal Health. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1569. [PMID: 37376017 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine represents one of the first barriers where microorganisms and environmental antigens come into tight contact with the host immune system. A healthy intestine is essential for the well-being of humans and animals. The period after birth is a very important phase of development, as the infant moves from a protected environment in the uterus to one with many of unknown antigens and pathogens. In that period, mother's milk plays an important role, as it contains an abundance of biologically active components. Among these components, the iron-binding glycoprotein, lactoferrin (LF), has demonstrated a variety of important benefits in infants and adults, including the promotion of intestinal health. This review article aims to provide a compilation of all the information related to LF and intestinal health, in infants and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Conesa
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Bellés
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Mu C, Zhao Q, Zhao Q, Yang L, Pang X, Liu T, Li X, Wang B, Fung SY, Cao H. Multi-omics in Crohn's disease: New insights from inside. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3054-3072. [PMID: 37273853 PMCID: PMC10238466 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with complex clinical manifestations such as chronic diarrhea, weight loss and hematochezia. Despite the increasing incidence worldwide, cure of CD remains extremely difficult. The rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology with integrated-omics analyses in recent years has provided a new means for exploring the pathogenesis, mining the biomarkers and designing targeted personalized therapeutics of CD. Host genomics and epigenomics unveil heredity-related mechanisms of susceptible individuals, while microbiome and metabolomics map host-microbe interactions in CD patients. Proteomics shows great potential in searching for promising biomarkers. Nonetheless, single omics technology cannot holistically connect the mechanisms with heterogeneity of pathological behavior in CD. The rise of multi-omics analysis integrates genetic/epigenetic profiles with protein/microbial metabolite functionality, providing new hope for comprehensive and in-depth exploration of CD. Herein, we emphasized the different omics features and applications of CD and discussed the current research and limitations of multi-omics in CD. This review will update and deepen our understanding of CD from integration of broad omics spectra and will provide new evidence for targeted individualized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianjing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijiao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan-Yu Fung
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
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13
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Burisch J, Zhao M, Odes S, De Cruz P, Vermeire S, Bernstein CN, Kaplan GG, Duricova D, Greenberg D, Melberg HO, Watanabe M, Ahn HS, Targownik L, Pittet VEH, Annese V, Park KT, Katsanos KH, Høivik ML, Krznaric Z, Chaparro M, Loftus EV, Lakatos PL, Gisbert JP, Bemelman W, Moum B, Gearry RB, Kappelman MD, Hart A, Pierik MJ, Andrews JM, Ng SC, D'Inca R, Munkholm P. The cost of inflammatory bowel disease in high-income settings: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:458-492. [PMID: 36871566 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The cost of caring for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to increase worldwide. The cause is not only a steady increase in the prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in both developed and newly industrialised countries, but also the chronic nature of the diseases, the need for long-term, often expensive treatments, the use of more intensive disease monitoring strategies, and the effect of the diseases on economic productivity. This Commission draws together a wide range of expertise to discuss the current costs of IBD care, the drivers of increasing costs, and how to deliver affordable care for IBD in the future. The key conclusions are that (1) increases in health-care costs must be evaluated against improved disease management and reductions in indirect costs, and (2) that overarching systems for data interoperability, registries, and big data approaches must be established for continuous assessment of effectiveness, costs, and the cost-effectiveness of care. International collaborations should be sought out to evaluate novel models of care (eg, value-based health care, including integrated health care, and participatory health-care models), as well as to improve the education and training of clinicians, patients, and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Burisch
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Mirabella Zhao
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Selwyn Odes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Peter De Cruz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gilaad G Kaplan
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dana Duricova
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre for IBD, ISCARE, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Greenberg
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hans O Melberg
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyeong Sik Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Laura Targownik
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valérie E H Pittet
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vito Annese
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fakeeh University Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - K T Park
- Stanford Health Care, Packard Health Alliance, Alameda, CA, USA; Genentech (Roche Group), South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Konstantinos H Katsanos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina School of Health Sciences, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Marte L Høivik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zeljko Krznaric
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - María Chaparro
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Edward V Loftus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter L Lakatos
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Willem Bemelman
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Moum
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard B Gearry
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michael D Kappelman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ailsa Hart
- IBD Unit, St Mark's Hospital, Middlesex, UK
| | - Marieke J Pierik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jane M Andrews
- IBD Service, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Renata D'Inca
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pia Munkholm
- Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
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14
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Li W, Sheng Y, Wang J, Wu S, Han C. MicroRNA-9a-5p-NOX4 inhibits intestinal inflammatory injury by regulating the M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23245. [PMID: 36281492 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We found that the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-9a-5p decreased in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD; ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease). Further, we revealed the effects and mechanisms of miRNA-9a-5p for regulating IBD progression. In C57BL/6N mice, IBD was induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and the effects of endogenous miRNA-9a-5p were mimicked/antagonized through intraperitoneal injection of miRNA-9a-5p agomir and antagomir. In animal experimentation, agomir could inhibit intestinal inflammation and tissue damage, and reduce the mucosal barrier permeability. Antagomir, on the other hand, could promote barrier damage, whose effect was associated with the M1 macrophage polarization. This study finds that miRNA-9a-5p targets NOX4 to suppress ROS production, which plays an important role in mucosal barrier damage in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yongjia Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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15
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Vitali R, Palone F, Armuzzi A, Fulci V, Negroni A, Carissimi C, Cucchiara S, Stronati L. Proteomic Analysis Identifies Three Reliable Biomarkers of Intestinal Inflammation in the Stools of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:92-102. [PMID: 36040453 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faecal biomarkers have emerged as important tools in managing of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], which includes Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]. AIM To identify new biomarkers of gut inflammation in the stools of IBD patients using a proteomic approach. METHODS Proteomic analysis of stools was performed in patients with both active CD and CD in remission and in controls by 2-DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. An ELISA was used to confirm results in a second cohort of IBD patients and controls. RESULTS 2-DIGE analysis detected 70 spots in the stools of patients with active CD or patients in remission CD and in controls. MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis identified 21 proteins with Chymotrypsin C, Gelsolin and Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 [RhoGDI2] best correlating with the levels of intestinal inflammation. Results were confirmed in a second cohort of IBD patients and controls [57 CD, 60 UC, 31 controls]. The identified faecal markers significantly correlated with the severity of intestinal inflammation in IBD patients [SES-CD in CD, Mayo endoscopic subscore in UC] [CD; Chymotrypsin-C: r = 0.64, p < 0.001; Gelsolin: r = 0.82, p < 0.001; RhoGDI2: r = 0.64, p < 0.001; UC; Chymotrypsin-C: r = 0.76, p < 0.001; Gelsolin: r = 0.75, p < 0.001; RhoGDI2: r = 0.63, p < 0.001]. Moreover, ROC analysis showed that Gelsolin [p < 0.0002] and RhoGDI2 [p < 0.0001] in CD, and RhoGDI2 [p = 0.0004] in UC, have higher sensitivity and specificity than faecal calprotectin in discriminating between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that 2-DIGE is a reliable method to detect proteins in human stools. Three novel faecal biomarkers of gut inflammation have been identified that display good specificity and sensitivity for identifying IBD and significantly correlate with IBD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Vitali
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability Department, ENEA, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Palone
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability Department, ENEA, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Fulci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Negroni
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability Department, ENEA, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Carissimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Stronati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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16
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Wang J, Li Z, Xiao J, Wu L, Chen K, Zhu T, Feng C, Zhuansun D, Meng X, Feng J. Identification and validation of the common pathogenesis and hub biomarkers in Hirschsprung disease complicated with Crohn’s disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961217. [PMID: 36248794 PMCID: PMC9555215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although increasing evidence has supported that Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is the risk factor for children developing Crohn’s disease (CD), the common mechanism of its co-occurrence remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to further explore the underlying mechanism and biomarkers for the co-occurrence of HSCR and CD. Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to obtain gene expression profiles for CD (GSE95095) and HSCR (GSE98502). Following the identification of the shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of CD and HSCR, functional annotation, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network creation, and module assembly were performed to discover hub genes. RT-qPCR was performed to validate the expression of the hub genes in HSCR samples. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to assess the accuracy of the hub genes as biomarkers in predicting CD in both the training dataset and test dataset. Results A total of 103 common DEGs (50 downregulated genes and 53 upregulated genes) were chosen for further investigation. The importance of chemokines and cytokines in these two disorders is highlighted by functional analysis. MCODE plug identified three important modules, which functionally enriched the immune system process. Finally, nine hub genes were identified using cytoHubba, including IL1B, IL10, CXCL10, ICAM1, EGR1, FCGR3A, S100A12, S100A9, and FPR1. The nine hub genes were mainly enriched in immune- and inflammation-related pathways. External data profiles and RT-qPCR confirmed the expression of the nine hub genes in HSCR and CD. ROC analysis revealed that the nine hub genes had a strong diagnostic value. Conclusion Our study reveals the common pathogenesis of HSCR and CD. These hub genes and diagnostic models may provide novel insight for the diagnosis and treatment of HSCR complicated with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zejian Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Luyao Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenzhao Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Didi Zhuansun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyao Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiexiong Feng, ; Xinyao Meng,
| | - Jiexiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiexiong Feng, ; Xinyao Meng,
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17
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Liu D, Saikam V, Skrada KA, Merlin D, Iyer SS. Inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1856-1887. [PMID: 35603998 PMCID: PMC10321231 DOI: 10.1002/med.21893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized as chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes two main subtypes, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Endoscopy combined with biopsy is the most effective way to establish IBD diagnosis and disease management. Imaging techniques have also been developed to monitor IBD. Although effective, the methods are expensive and invasive, which leads to pain and discomfort. Alternative noninvasive biomarkers are being explored as tools for IBD prognosis and disease management. This review focuses on novel biomarkers that have emerged in recent years. These serological biomarkers and microRNAs could potentially be used for disease management in IBD, thereby decreasing patient discomfort and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Varma Saikam
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katie A Skrada
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- 790 Petit Science Center, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Suri S Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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18
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Volkers AG, Appleton L, Gearry RB, Frampton CM, de Voogd FAE, Peters van Ton AM, Leach ST, Lemberg DA, Day AS. Fecal Calprotectin, Chitinase 3-Like-1, S100A12 and Osteoprotegerin as Markers of Disease Activity in Children with Crohn’s Disease. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2022; 4:180-189. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord4030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal calprotectin (FC), chitinase 3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1), S100A12 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are biomarkers of intestinal inflammation. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate these biomarkers in a cohort of children with Crohn’s disease (CD) and compare them with other measures of disease activity. Stool samples from children with CD were used to measure FC, CHI3L1, S100A12 and OPG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum inflammatory markers were measured and pediatric CD disease activity index (PCDAI) scores calculated. The simple endoscopic score for CD (SES-CD) was reported for a subgroup who underwent ileocolonoscopy corresponding with the stool samples. Sixty-five children were recruited. Children in clinical remission had lower FC and CHI3L1 levels than those with active disease (FC: 277 vs. 1648 µg/g, p = 0.012; CHI3L1: 23 vs. 227 ng/g, p = 0.013). FC levels differed between patients with clinically active or inactive isolated ileal CD. Although FC and CHI3L1 levels correlated strongly (r = 0.83), none of the fecal markers correlated well with serum markers. Only FC and OPG correlated with SES-CD scores (r = 0.57 and r = 0.48, respectively). In conclusion, FC correlated with both endoscopic and clinical disease activity and was the only biomarker that differentiated between active and inactive ileal CD. CHI3L1 also predicted clinical disease activity and correlated highly with FC. Further investigation of the role of CHI3L1 is required.
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Cekovic JR, Prodanovic NS, Mijailovic SS, Knezevic SM, Vuletic BP, Stojkovic AK, Savic DM, Prodanovic TV, Stanojevic MM, Simovic AM. The perinatal factors that influence the excretion of fecal calprotectin in premature-born children. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1275-1281. [PMID: 35892079 PMCID: PMC9281588 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide additional information on the influence of perinatal factors on fecal (f)-calprotectin values in preterm infants. Calprotectin was determined from the first spontaneous stool (analyzed on the Alegria device by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] method) obtained from neonates at a mean age of 3.41 ± 2.44 days of life. We analyzed 114 subjects who had a body weight of 1847.67 ± 418.6 g and were born at a gestational age of 32.6 ± 2.43 weeks, without intestinal and other congenital anomalies or any diseases other than those related to premature birth. The values of f-calprotectin are in a positive correlation with female subjects, intrauterine growth restriction, significant ductus arteriosus, enteral feeding intolerance, postnatal prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and values of bicarbonates (analyzed in a sample of capillary arterial blood). Measurement of f-calprotectin in the first 7 days after birth can help to early detect the intestinal distress or early staging of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena R. Cekovic
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Center for Neonatology, Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nikola S. Prodanovic
- Department of Alloartoplastic Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sara S. Mijailovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja M. Knezevic
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Cardiology, Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana P. Vuletic
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Andjelka K. Stojkovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pulmonology, Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana M. Savic
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Center for Neonatology, Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tijana V. Prodanovic
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Center for Neonatology, Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina M. Stanojevic
- Department of Neonatology, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra M. Simovic
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Center for Neonatology, Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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20
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The Current Status of Molecular Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071492. [PMID: 35884797 PMCID: PMC9312796 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-a chronic inflammation that affects the gastrointestinal tract of patients-are challenging, as most clinical symptoms are not specific to IBD, and are often seen in other inflammatory diseases, such as intestinal infections, drug-induced colitis, and monogenic diseases. To date, there is no gold-standard test for monitoring IBD. Endoscopy and imaging are essential diagnostic tools that provide information about the disease's state, location, and severity. However, the invasive nature and high cost of endoscopy make it unsuitable for frequent monitoring of disease activity in IBD patients, and even when it is possible to replace endoscopy with imaging, high cost remains a concern. Laboratory testing of blood or feces has the advantage of being non-invasive, rapid, cost-effective, and standardizable. Although the specificity and accuracy of laboratory testing alone need to be improved, it is increasingly used to monitor disease activity or to diagnose suspected IBD cases in combination with endoscopy and/or imaging. The literature survey indicates a dearth of summarization of biomarkers for IBD testing. This review introduces currently available non-invasive biomarkers of clinical importance in laboratory testing for IBD, and discusses the trends and challenges in the IBD biomarker studies.
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21
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Ge C, Lu Y, Shen H, Zhu L. Monitoring of intestinal inflammation and prediction of recurrence in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:513-524. [PMID: 34994661 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.2022193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease, and its recurrence is difficult to predict. In this review, we summarized the objective indicators that can be used to evaluate intestinal inflammation, the purpose is to better predict the clinical recurrence of UC, formulate individualized treatment plan during remission of UC, and improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of UC.Methods: Based on the search results in the PUBMED database, we explored the accuracy and value of these methods in predicting the clinical recurrence of UC from the following three aspects: endoscopic and histological scores, serum biomarkers and fecal biomarkers.Results: Colonoscopy with biopsy is the gold standard for assessing intestinal inflammation, but it is invasive, inconvenient and expensive. At present, there is no highly sensitive and specific endoscopic or histological score to predict the clinical recurrence of UC. Compared with serum biomarkers, fecal biomarkers have higher sensitivity and specificity because they are in direct contact with the intestine and are closer to the site of intestinal inflammation. Fecal calprotectin is currently the most studied and meaningful fecal biomarker. Lactoferrin and S100A12, as novel biomarkers, have no better performance than FC in predicting the recurrence of UC.Conclusions: FC is currently the most promising predictive marker, but it lacks an accurate cut-off value. Combining patient symptoms, incorporating multiple indicators to construct a UC recurrence prediction model, and formulating individualized treatment plans for high recurrence risk patients will be the focus of UC remission management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Ge
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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22
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Piestansky J, Olesova D, Matuskova M, Cizmarova I, Chalova P, Galba J, Majerova P, Mikus P, Kovac A. Amino acids in inflammatory bowel diseases: Modern diagnostic tools and methodologies. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 107:139-213. [PMID: 35337602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are crucial building blocks of living organisms. Together with their derivatives, they participate in many intracellular processes to act as hormones, neuromodulators, and neurotransmitters. For several decades amino acids have been studied for their potential as markers of various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Subsequent improvements in sample pretreatment, separation, and detection methods have enabled the specific and very sensitive determination of these molecules in multicomponent matrices-biological fluids and tissues. The information obtained from targeted amino acid analysis (biomarker-based analytical strategy) can be further used for early diagnostics, to monitor the course of the disease or compliance of the patients. This review will provide an insight into current knowledge about inflammatory bowel diseases, the role of proteinogenic amino acids in intestinal inflammation and modern analytical techniques used in its diagnosis and disease activity monitoring. Current advances in the analysis of amino acids focused on sample pretreatment, separation strategy, or detection methods are highlighted, and their potential in clinical laboratories is discussed. In addition, the latest clinical data obtained from the metabolomic profiling of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases are summarized with a focus on proteinogenic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Piestansky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Olesova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Matuskova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Cizmarova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Chalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Galba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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23
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Han C, Sheng Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Li W, Zhang C, Guo L, Yang Y. NOX4 promotes mucosal barrier injury in inflammatory bowel disease by mediating macrophages M1 polarization through ROS. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108361. [PMID: 34949550 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) plays an important role in transporting electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is also one major source of ROS. This study investigates the mechanism by which NOX4 promotes the M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through ROS. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in wild-type (C57BL/6N, WT) and NOX4 knockout (C57BL/6N-NOX4em1cyagen, KO) mice. Body weights of mice were dynamically monitored and the disease active index (DAI) scores were assessed. H&E staining was performed to examine pathological changes, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was conducted to measure the expressions of TJ proteins (ZO-1, Occludin) and CD11c. Tissue ROS labeling was accomplished with ROS probe. More ucosal permeability was assessed by FITC-D. Tissue inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the expressions of TJ proteins (ZO-1, Occludin) were measured through Western Blotting. After NOX4 inhibitor pretreatment of intestinal macrophages in vitro, polarization was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-γ, followed by determination of polarization degree. The polarized intestinal macrophages were co-cultured with Caco-2 cells, and their effect on the monolayer cell permeability was evaluated. DSS can induce the intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier injury in mice. Besides, it can enhance the FITC-D permeability, reduce the TJ protein levels, and promote the CD11c and ROS expressions. In KO mice, intestinal inflammation was alleviated and barrier permeability was reduced. Moreover, the TJ protein levels were higher than those of WT mice, while the CD11c and ROS were down-regulated. In WT mice, the intestinal inflammation and barrier permeability could also be reduced after treatment with NOX4 inhibitor. Overexpression of NOX4 in intestinal macrophages could promote the macrophage M1 polarization while improving the barrier integrity of Caco-2 monolayer cells. NOX4 is capable of promoting M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages through ROS, thereby further aggravating the intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier injury in IBD. NOX4 has potential as a novel therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Yongjia Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Caiqun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
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24
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O'Reilly EL, Horvatić A, Kuleš J, Gelemanović A, Mrljak V, Huang Y, Brady N, Chadwick CC, Eckersall PD, Ridyard A. Faecal proteomics in the identification of biomarkers to differentiate canine chronic enteropathies. J Proteomics 2021; 254:104452. [PMID: 34958965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Canine chronic enteropathy (CCE) is a collective term used to describe a group of idiopathic enteropathies of dogs that result in a variety of clinical manifestations of intestinal dysfunction. Clinical stratification into food-responsive enteropathy (FRE) or non-food responsive chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE), is made retrospectively based on response to treatments. Faecal extracts from those with a FRE (n = 5) and those with non-food responsive chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) (n = 6) were compared to a healthy control group (n = 14) by applying TMT-based quantitative proteomic approach. Many of the proteins with significant differential abundance between groups were pancreatic or intestinal enzymes with pancreatitis-associated protein (identified as REG3α) and pancreatic M14 metallocarboxypeptidase proteins carboxypeptidase A1 and B identified as being of significantly increased abundance in the CCE group. The reactome analysis revealed the recycling of bile acids and salts and their metabolism to be present in the FRE group, suggesting a possible dysbiotic aetiology. Several acute phase proteins were significantly more abundant in the CCE group with the significant increase in haptoglobin in the CIE group especially notable. Further research of these proteins is needed to fully assess their clinical utility as faecal biomarkers for differentiating CCE cases. SIGNIFICANCE: The identification and characterisation of biomarkers that differentiate FRE from other forms of CIE would prove invaluable in streamlining clinical decision-making and would avoid costly and invasive investigations and delays in implementing effective treatment. Many of the proteins described here, as canine faecal proteins for the first time, have been highlighted in previous human and murine inflammatory bowl disease (IBD) studies initiating a new chapter in canine faecal biomarker research, where early and non-invasive biomarkers for early clinical stratification of CCE cases are needed. Pancreatitis-associated protein, pancreatic M14 metallocarboxypeptidase along with carboxypeptidase A1 and B are identified as being of significantly increased abundance in the CCE groups. Several acute phase proteins, were significantly more abundant in the CCE group notably haptoglobin in dogs with inflammatory enteropathy. The recognition of altered bile acid metabolism in the reactome analysis in the FRE group is significant in CCE which is a complex condition incorporating of immunological, dysbiotic and faecal bile acid dysmetabolism. Both proteomics and immunoassays will enable the characterisation of faecal APPs as well as other inflammatory and immune mediators, and the utilisation of assays, validated for use in analysis of faeces of veterinary species will enable clinical utilisation of faecal matrix to be fully realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L O'Reilly
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK. Emily.O'
| | - Anita Horvatić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Kuleš
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Andrea Gelemanović
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Yixin Huang
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Nicola Brady
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - P David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Alison Ridyard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
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25
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Basso D, Padoan A, D'Incà R, Arrigoni G, Scapellato ML, Contran N, Franchin C, Lorenzon G, Mescoli C, Moz S, Bozzato D, Rugge M, Plebani M. Peptidomic and proteomic analysis of stool for diagnosing IBD and deciphering disease pathogenesis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:968-979. [PMID: 32229654 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The sensitivities and specificities of C-reactive protein (CRP) and faecal calprotectin (fCal), as recommended for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) diagnosis and monitoring, are low. Our aim was to discover new stool protein/peptide biomarkers for diagnosing IBD. Methods For peptides, MALDI-TOF/MS (m/z 1000-4000) was performed using stools from an exploratory (34 controls; 72 Crohn's disease [CD], 56 ulcerative colitis [UC]) and a validation (28 controls, 27 CD, 15 UC) cohort. For proteins, LTQ-Orbitrap XL MS analysis (6 controls, 5 CD, 5 UC) was performed. Results MALDI-TOF/MS spectra of IBD patients had numerous features, unlike controls. Overall, 426 features (67 control-associated, 359 IBD-associated) were identified. Spectra were classified as control or IBD (absence or presence of IBD-associated features). In the exploratory cohort, the sensitivity and specificity of this classification algorithm were 81% and 97%, respectively. Blind analysis of the validation cohort confirmed 97% specificity, with a lower sensitivity (55%) paralleling active disease frequency. Following binary logistic regression analysis, IBD was independently correlated with MALDI-TOF/MS spectra (p < 0.0001), outperforming fCal measurements (p = 0.029). The IBD-correlated m/z 1810.8 feature was a fragment of APC2, homologous with APC, over-expressed by infiltrating cells lining the surface in UC or the muscularis-mucosae in CD (assessed by immunohistochemistry). IBD-associated over-expressed proteins included immunoglobulins and neutrophil proteins, while those under-expressed comprised proteins of the nucleic acid assembly or those (OLFM4, ENPP7) related to cancer risk. Conclusions Our study provides evidence for the clinical utility of a novel proteomic method for diagnosing IBD and insight on the pathogenic role of APC. Moreover, the newly described IBD-associated proteins might become tools for cancer risk assessment in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Renata D'Incà
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences - DISCOG, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - BIOMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Proteomic Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Scapellato
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Preventive Medicine and Risk Assessment Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicole Contran
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - BIOMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Proteomic Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Greta Lorenzon
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences - DISCOG, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Moz
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dania Bozzato
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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26
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Fisher C, Ciurtin C, Leandro M, Sen D, Wedderburn LR. Similarities and Differences Between Juvenile and Adult Spondyloarthropathies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:681621. [PMID: 34136509 PMCID: PMC8200411 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.681621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions occurring from childhood to middle age. Key features of SpA include axial and peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, extra-articular manifestations, and a strong association with HLA-B27. These features are common across the ages but there are important differences between juvenile and adult onset disease. Juvenile SpA predominantly affects the peripheral joints and the incidence of axial arthritis increases with age. Enthesitis is important in early disease. This review article highlights the similarities and differences between juvenile and adult SpA including classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, imaging, therapeutic strategies, and disease outcomes. In addition, the impact of the biological transition from childhood to adulthood is explored including the importance of musculoskeletal and immunological maturation. We discuss how the changes associated with adolescence may be important in explaining age-related differences in the clinical phenotype between juvenile and adult SpA and their implications for the treatment of juvenile SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Fisher
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology (Bloomsbury), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Leandro
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology (Bloomsbury), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debajit Sen
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.,Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Teaching and Research Department University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Abstract
In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a treat-to-target treatment strategy requires tight monitoring of disease activity. Noninvasive biomarkers may help to monitor the intestinal disease activity. We demonstrated recently that peripheral microRNA (miR)-320a expression in mice follows the course of experimental colitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of miR-320a to monitor the disease activity in patients with IBD, to predict the course of disease, and to distinguish IBD from infectious colitis.
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28
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Aldars-García L, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP. Systematic Review: The Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Clinical Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050977. [PMID: 33946482 PMCID: PMC8147118 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It is well established that the gut microbiome has a profound impact on IBD pathogenesis. Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the IBD gut microbiome and its usefulness to provide microbiome-based biomarkers. A systematic search of the online bibliographic database PubMed from inception to August 2020 with screening in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. One-hundred and forty-four papers were eligible for inclusion. There was a wide heterogeneity in microbiome analysis methods or experimental design. The IBD intestinal microbiome was generally characterized by reduced species richness and diversity, and lower temporal stability, while changes in the gut microbiome seemed to play a pivotal role in determining the onset of IBD. Multiple studies have identified certain microbial taxa that are enriched or depleted in IBD, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. The two main features in this sense are the decrease in beneficial bacteria and the increase in pathogenic bacteria. Significant differences were also present between remission and relapse IBD status. Shifts in gut microbial community composition and abundance have proven to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers. The gut microbiome plays a major role in IBD, yet studies need to go from casualty to causality. Longitudinal designs including newly diagnosed treatment-naïve patients are needed to provide insights into the role of microbes in the onset of intestinal inflammation. A better understanding of the human gut microbiome could provide innovative targets for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and even cure of this relevant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Aldars-García
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-G.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chaparro
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-G.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P. Gisbert
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-G.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913-093-911; Fax: +34-915-204-013
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29
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Heilmann RM, Guard MM, Toresson L, Unterer S, Grellet A, Grützner N, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Association of clinical characteristics and lifestyle factors with fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations in healthy dogs. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1131-1143. [PMID: 33751838 PMCID: PMC8294382 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fecal S100/calgranulin (S100A12 and calprotectin) concentrations are useful markers of gastrointestinal inflammation in dogs. In people, fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations are affected by age, obesity, diet and other lifestyle factors. Knowledge about the effects of such factors on fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations in dogs is currently scarce. Objective To evaluate the association between several factors and fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations in a large cohort of healthy adult dogs. Methods Single‐spot fecal samples from 181 healthy pet dogs and data derived from a standard questionnaire served to evaluate the effect of age, sex, reproductive status, body weight and body condition, breed type and size, vaccination, endoparasite treatment, diet, environment and travel history on fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations and the fecal calgranulin ratio (fCalR). Results Univariate analysis showed a significant association of reproductive status (in female dogs) and breed size with fecal S100A12, fecal calprotectin and fCalR. Breed type was linked to fecal S100A12 concentrations and fCalR; recent vaccination (particularly with a vaccine against canine parvovirus) to fCalR. In multivariate models, breed size was linked to fecal S100A12 and calprotectin concentrations, and recent vaccination affected S100A12 concentrations. Conclusions Breed size, recent vaccination and reproductive status in female dogs can affect fecal S100/calgranulin concentrations, and these biomarkers should be interpreted in light of those confounding factors. The utility of reference intervals for fecal canine S100/calgranulin concentrations might be improved through stratification by sex/reproductive status and breed size. Fecal canine S100/calgranulin concentrations are not confounded by age, body condition, deworming, diet, environment or travel history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy M Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Melissa M Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Linda Toresson
- Evidensia Specialist Animal Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden.,Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Unterer
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurélien Grellet
- NeoCare, UMR INRA/ENVT 1225 IHAP, Reproduction, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Niels Grützner
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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30
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Liu F, Lee SA, Riordan SM, Zhang L, Zhu L. Global Studies of Using Fecal Biomarkers in Predicting Relapse in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:580803. [PMID: 33392214 PMCID: PMC7773777 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.580803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract mainly comprising two forms including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is a lifelong relapsing remitting disease and relapses occur at random patterns which are unpredictable. Fecal biomarkers have been increasingly used to assess disease activity in IBD due to their positive correlations with intestinal inflammation. Recent studies have also assessed the use of fecal biomarkers in predicting relapse and post-operative recurrence. This review provides information from global studies of using fecal calprotectin, lactoferrin and S100A12 to predict relapse in IBD. Strategies for further studies and the use of these fecal biomarkers for personalized management in IBD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seul A. Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery and Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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31
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Shin J, Kong SM, Seong G, Kim YH. What is the appropriate cut-off value of CRP to predict endoscopic remission in patients with ulcerative colitis in clinical remission? Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:2249-2255. [PMID: 32749515 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Noninvasive markers for predicting endoscopic remission (ER) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who are in clinical remission (CR) are important for the determination of appropriate treatment modality. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a surrogate marker for assessing disease activity, albeit with a low sensitivity and specificity when the cut-off value is 0.3 or 0.5 mg/dL, which is usually considered normal. The CRP test has been improved, and even fine values within the normal range can be measured. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate cut-off value of CRP below 0.3 mg/dL for the prediction of ER in UC patients with CR. METHODS A total of 132 patients who underwent endoscopic evaluation during CR were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and endoscopic activity was measured using a simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI) and Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES). ER was defined as MES 0 or 1. RESULTS In UC patients in CR, the CRP level was significantly lower in ER (0.05, 0.03-2.57) vs. non-ER (0.14, 0.03-2.81) (p < 0.001). The CRP value predicted ER [area under the curve (AUC = 0.710)] with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 71.7% at a cut-off value of 0.09 mg/dL. In contrast, the value of normal CRP (< 0.3 mg/dL) did not show sufficient predictive value (sensitivity, 27.3%; and specificity, 90.9%). CONCLUSIONS In UC patients in CR, it may be helpful to lower the CRP cut-off value that predict ER other than 0.3 mg/dL, which is usually considered normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbeom Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (06351) 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Min Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (06351) 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeol Seong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (06351) 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (06351) 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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32
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O'Loughlin EV, Cameron DJS. History of paediatric gastroenterology in Australia. J Paediatr Child Health 2020; 56:1669-1673. [PMID: 33197974 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric gastroenterology in Australia has undergone remarkable changes over the more than six decades since Charlotte Anderson's pioneering work, and is now a well-established specialty in its own right. Australian paediatric gastroenterologists have made important contributions nationally and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward V O'Loughlin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donald J S Cameron
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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33
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Li SC, Tsai KW, Huang LH, Weng KP, Chien KJ, Lin Y, Tu CY, Lin PH. Serum proteins may facilitate the identification of Kawasaki disease and promote in vitro neutrophil infiltration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15645. [PMID: 32973234 PMCID: PMC7518260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) usually affects the children younger than 5 years of age and subsequently causes coronary artery lesions (CALs) without timely identification and treatment. Developing a robust and fast prediction method may facilitate the timely diagnosis of KD, significantly reducing the risk of CALs in KD patients. The levels of inflammatory serum proteins dramatically vary during the onsets of many immune diseases, including in KD. However, our understanding of their pathogenic roles in KD is behind satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate candidate diagnostic serum proteins and the potential mechanism in KD using iTRAQ gel-free proteomics. We enrolled subjects and conducted iTRAQ gel-free proteomics to globally screen serum proteins followed by specific validation with ELISA. Further in vitro leukocyte trans-endothelial model was also applied to investigate the pathogenesis roles of inflammatory serum proteins. We identified six KD protein biomarkers, including Protein S100-A8 (S100A8), Protein S100-A9 (S100A9), Protein S100-A12 (S100A12), Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), Neutrophil defensin 1 (DEFA1) and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1). They enabled us to develop a high-performance KD prediction model with an auROC value of 0.94, facilitating the timely identification of KD. Further assays concluded that recombinant S100A12 protein treatment activated neutrophil surface adhesion molecules responsible for adhesion to endothelial cells. Therefore, S100A12 promoted both freshly clinically isolated neutrophils and neutrophil-like cells to infiltrate through the endothelial layer in vitro. Finally, the antibody against S100A12 may attenuate the infiltration promoted by S100A12. Our result demonstrated that evaluating S100A8, S100A9, S100A12, PRDX2, DEFA1 and ORM1 levels may be a good diagnostic tool of KD. Further in vitro study implied that S100A12 could be a potential therapeutic target for KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hung Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Pen Weng
- Congenital Structural Heart Disease Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Jen Chien
- Congenital Structural Heart Disease Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuyu Lin
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Tu
- Congenital Structural Heart Disease Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsien Lin
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Adedokun OJ, Xu Z, Marano C, O'Brien C, Szapary P, Zhang H, Johanns J, Leong RW, Hisamatsu T, Van Assche G, Danese S, Abreu MT, Sands BE, Sandborn WJ. Ustekinumab Pharmacokinetics and Exposure Response in a Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:2244-2255.e9. [PMID: 31816446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The efficacy of antibody-based therapeutics depends on their pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetic and exposure response profiles of ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin 12/interleukin 23, are known in patients with Crohn's disease, yet there are few data from patients with ulcerative colitis. We characterized ustekinumab's pharmacokinetics, exposure response, and optimal serum concentrations in patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS We collected data from 2 phase 3 trials (1 induction and 1 maintenance), in which patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis received an intravenous induction dose of ustekinumab (130 mg, n = 320; or approximately 6 mg/kg, n = 322). Responders were assigned randomly to groups that received subcutaneous maintenance ustekinumab (90 mg) every 8 weeks (n = 176) or 12 weeks (n = 172), or placebo (n = 175). We evaluated the association between ustekinumab concentration and efficacy, serum based on clinical effects (Mayo score), histologic features, and inflammation (measurement of C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin, and fecal lactoferrin), as well as safety (infections, serious infections, and serious adverse events), during induction and maintenance therapy. Optimal serum concentrations of ustekinumab were identified using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. RESULTS In patients with ulcerative colitis, dose-proportional serum concentrations of ustekinumab, unaffected by prior biologic or concomitant immunomodulator therapy, reached steady state by the second maintenance dose; the median trough concentration for dosing every 8 weeks was approximately 3-fold that of dosing every 12 weeks. Serum concentrations were associated with clinical and histologic features of efficacy and normalization of inflammation markers. The week-8 concentration threshold for induction of response was 3.7 μg/mL. A steady-state trough serum concentration of 1.3 μg/mL or higher was associated with a higher rate of clinical remission compared with patients who had lower serum concentrations. Serum concentrations of ustekinumab were not associated with infections, serious infections, or serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of data from 2 phase 3 trials of patients with ulcerative colitis, we found that serum concentrations of ustekinumab were proportional to dose, unaffected by prior biologic or concomitant immunomodulator therapies, associated with clinical and histologic efficacy and markers of inflammation, and were not associated with safety events at doses evaluated. Ustekinumab pharmacokinetics are consistent between patients with Crohn's disease vs ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omoniyi J Adedokun
- Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania.
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen Marano
- Immunology, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Chris O'Brien
- Immunology, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Philippe Szapary
- Enterprise R&D, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Clinical Biostatistics, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Jewel Johanns
- Clinical Biostatistics, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Rupert W Leong
- Gastroenterology, Concord and Macquarie University Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Gert Van Assche
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvio Danese
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Gastroenterology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - William J Sandborn
- Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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35
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Li Y, Khamou M, Schaarschmidt BM, Umutlu L, Forsting M, Demircioglu A, Haubold J, Koch AK, Bruckmann NM, Sawicki LM, Herrmann K, Boone JH, Langhorst J. Comparison of 18F-FDG PET-MR and fecal biomarkers in the assessment of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis. Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20200167. [PMID: 32579403 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the diagnostic performance of fecal biomarkers and 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emmision tomography-MR (PET-MR) in the assessment of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS This study was conducted under the framework of a single-center clinical trial (clinicaltrials.gov [NCT03781284]). N = 50 participants were enrolled. Fecal samples were collected before bowel preparation. All patients underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET-MR followed by ileocolonoscopy within 24 h. Diagnostic performance of five fecal biomarkers (calprotectin, lactoferrin, polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase, S100A12 and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin), MR morphological parameters (MRmorph), diffusion-weighted imaging and PET in detecting active disease determined by Rachmilewitz endoscopic activity index (EAI) were evaluated and compared with each other. Correlations between fecal biomarkers, PET and endoscopy were calculated. RESULTS According to EAI, n = 38 patients presented with endoscopically active disease (16 mild, 19 moderate and 3 severe). All five biomarkers, PET and MRmorph could differentiate endoscopically active disease from endoscopic remission without significant difference regarding their operating characteristics (accuracies between 0.673 for calprotectin and 0.898 for lactoferrin). In predicting endoscopically moderate to severe disease, PET showed the highest diagnostic performance (accuracy = 0.857) compared to calprotectin and lactoferrin (accuracy = 0.633 and 0.735). PET had also the strongest correlation with endoscopy (ρ = 0.685, p < 0.001), while within fecal biomarkers the levels of lactoferrin and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin correlated significantly with EAI (ρ = 0.423 and 0.528, both p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Both fecal biomarkers and PET-MR were excellent non-invasive diagnostic tools in the assessment of disease activity in ulcerative colitis. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Both fecal biomarkers and PET-MR parameters are able to predict endoscopically active disease with comparable diagnostic performance. PET had the highest correlation with endoscopy and outperformed fecal biomarkers in differentiating moderate to severe from mild disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Khamou
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Michael Schaarschmidt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lale Umutlu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Forsting
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Aydin Demircioglu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Haubold
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Katharina Koch
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Am Deimelsberg 34a, 45276 Essen, Germany
| | - Nils-Martin Bruckmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lino Morris Sawicki
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - James Hunter Boone
- Research and Development, TechLab, INC., 2001 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Am Deimelsberg 34a, 45276 Essen, Germany.,Department for Internal and Integrative Medicine, Social Foundation Bamberg, Clinic Bamberg, Buger Straße 80, 96049 Bamberg, Germany.,Chair for Integrative Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Am Deimelsberg 34a, 45276 Essen, Germany
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36
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Sreejit G, Flynn MC, Patil M, Krishnamurthy P, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. S100 family proteins in inflammation and beyond. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 98:173-231. [PMID: 32564786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The S100 family proteins possess a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions. They interact with multiple receptors and signal transducers to regulate pathways that govern inflammation, cell differentiation, proliferation, energy metabolism, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, cell cytoskeleton and microbial resistance. S100 proteins are also emerging as novel diagnostic markers for identifying and monitoring various diseases. Strategies aimed at targeting S100-mediated signaling pathways hold a great potential in developing novel therapeutics for multiple diseases. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about the role of S100 family proteins in health and disease with a major focus on their role in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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37
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Heizmann CW. Ca 2+-Binding Proteins of the EF-Hand Superfamily: Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1929:157-186. [PMID: 30710273 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of Ca2+-sensor proteins containing the specific Ca2+-binding motif (helix-loop-helix, called EF-hand) are of major clinical relevance in a many human diseases. Measurements of troponin, the first intracellular Ca-sensor protein to be discovered, is nowadays the "gold standard" in the diagnosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Mutations have been identified in calmodulin and linked to inherited ventricular tachycardia and in patients affected by severe cardiac arrhythmias. Parvalbumin, when introduced into the diseased heart by gene therapy to increase contraction and relaxation speed, is considered to be a novel therapeutic strategy to combat heart failure. S100 proteins, the largest subgroup with the EF-hand protein family, are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, various types of cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune pathologies. The intention of this review is to summarize the clinical importance of this protein family and their use as biomarkers and potential drug targets, which could help to improve the diagnosis of human diseases and identification of more selective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus W Heizmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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38
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Karling P, Lundgren D, Eklöf V, Palmqvist R, Hultdin J. Improved monitoring of inflammatory activity in patients with ulcerative colitis by combination of faecal tests for haemoglobin and calprotectin. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2019; 79:341-346. [PMID: 31164011 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1622148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Faecal calprotectin (FC) tests and faecal immunological tests (FIT) for haemoglobin have been used to monitor disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) but used alone they have some limitation concerning the predictive ability. We aimed to test if an FC test used in combination with FIT could improve the predictive ability. Consecutive out-patients with UC (n = 93) who were admitted for colonoscopy completed a single faecal sample before the start of bowel preparation. A quantitative CALPRO® calprotectin ELISA test and a qualitative FIT (cut-off < 40 ng/mL) were analyzed. An estimated Mayo score and a score of histological inflammation was performed blinded to the result of the faecal tests. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value for endoscopic inflammation (Mayo score > 1) was for FIT 85%, 83%, 96%, 57% and for FC > 186 µg/g 73%, 87%, 87%, 54%. Corresponding results for FIT*FC > 186 µg/g (at least one test positive) were 92%, 69%, 97%, 43%. For detecting moderate/severe histological inflammation the results were for FIT 69%, 79%, 92%, 43%, for FC > 75 µg/g 95%, 62%, 98%, 41%, and for FIT*FC > 75 µg/g 100%, 60%, 100%, 36%. None of the markers alone or in combination were useful to predict deep remission (Mayo score = 0 and no histological inflammation). We conclude that using the combination of an FC test and FIT shows minor improvement in predictive ability for inflammatory activity and remission in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Karling
- a Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - David Lundgren
- a Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Vincy Eklöf
- b Department of Medical Biosciences, Division of Pathology, Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Richard Palmqvist
- b Department of Medical Biosciences, Division of Pathology, Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Johan Hultdin
- c Department of Medical Biosciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
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Dommisch H, Skora P, Hirschfeld J, Olk G, Hildebrandt L, Jepsen S. The guardians of the periodontium—sequential and differential expression of antimicrobial peptides during gingival inflammation. Results from in vivo and in vitro studies. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:276-285. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic DentistryCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Oral Health SciencesUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Philipp Skora
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Josefine Hirschfeld
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
- College of Medical and Dental SciencesPeriodontal Research GroupUniversity of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Gabriela Olk
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Laura Hildebrandt
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
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40
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Lemberg DA, Day AS. Editorial: predicting response to treatment in children with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:230-231. [PMID: 30589968 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lemberg
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Children's and Women's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew S Day
- School of Children's and Women's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
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41
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Park SY, Kim WJ. A Study of Fecal Calprotectin in Obese Children and Adults. J Obes Metab Syndr 2018; 27:233-237. [PMID: 31089568 PMCID: PMC6513304 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.4.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex, medical condition causally contributing to many chronic diseases and a number of efforts have been made to find the associated markers for novel prevention and treatment of obesity. Our study was to evaluate the relationship between gut immune response and obesity and overweight with use of fecal calprotectin (FC) both in adult and children groups. METHODS Fecal samples were obtained from 74 subjects: 14 non-obese and overweight children (PN), 13 obese and overweight children (PO), 20 non-obese and overweight adults (AN), and 27 obese and overweight adults (AO). FC was measured using a commercial Legend Max quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BioLegend). Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Median FC concentration was 7.9 μg/g (range, 1.9-28.9 μg/g) for PN, 5.0 μg/g (range, 2.6-29.6 μg/g) for PO, 9.5 μg/g (range, 0.8-28.9 μg/g) for AN, and 10.0 μg/g (range, 1.6-25.6 μg/g) for AO, respectively. In both adults and children age groups, the FC showed no statistically significant difference between AO and AN or PO and PN. However, FC showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between AO and PO while not significant between AN and PN. CONCLUSION FC level in AO was significantly higher than that in PO, suggestive of different pathophysiologic mechanism between children obesity and adults obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheju Halla University, Jeju,
Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju,
Korea
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42
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Egea Valenzuela J, Antón Ródenas G, Sánchez Martínez A. Use of biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Med Clin (Barc) 2018; 152:310-316. [PMID: 30502302 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There are many useful biomarkers for initial diagnosis and the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Serologic biomarkers have been traditionally used because they are widely disposable, but recently faecal biomarkers, especially faecal calprotectin, have acquired great importance as they have shown to be more precise when establishing suspicion of the disease and also as predictors of mucosal healing or persistence of inflammatory activity. Faecal calprotectin is a good tool for predicting abnormal endoscopic studies, but has limited specificity because its levels can be altered in many digestive diseases presenting with similar symptoms. The precision of faecal calprotectin is higher when associated with other altered parameters, especially with C-reactive protein, or with clinical scores of inflammatory activity. Finally, there are many new generation serologic and faecal biomarkers. Despite there not being much evidence about these yet, some of them have shown promising results in different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Egea Valenzuela
- Servicio de Medicina del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España.
| | - Gonzalo Antón Ródenas
- Servicio de Medicina del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Ana Sánchez Martínez
- Servicio de Medicina del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
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Nakamura S, Imaeda H, Nishikawa H, Iimuro M, Matsuura M, Oka H, Oku J, Miyazaki T, Honda H, Watanabe K, Nakase H, Andoh A. Usefulness of fecal calprotectin by monoclonal antibody testing in adult Japanese with inflammatory bowel diseases: a prospective multicenter study. Intest Res 2018; 16:554-562. [PMID: 30301337 PMCID: PMC6223455 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Noninvasive objective monitoring is advantageous for optimizing treatment strategies in patients inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fecal calprotectin (FCP) is superior to traditional biomarkers in terms of assessing the activity in patients with IBD. However, there are the differences among several FCP assays in the dynamics of FCP. In this prospective multicenter trial, we investigated the usefulness of FCP measurements in adult Japanese patients with IBD by reliable enzyme immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody. Methods We assessed the relationship between FCP levels and disease or endoscopic activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n=64) or Crohn’s disease (CD, n=46) compared with healthy controls (HCs, n=64). Results FCP levels in UC patients strongly correlated with the Disease Activity Index (rs=0.676, P<0.0001) and Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES; rs=0.677, P<0.0001). FCP levels were significantly higher even in patients with inactive UC or CD compared with HCs (P=0.0068, P<0.0001). The optimal cutoff value between MES 1 and 2 exhibited higher sensitivity (94.1%). FCP levels were significantly higher in active UC patients than in inactive patients (P<0.001), except those with proctitis. The Crohn’s Disease Activity Index tended to correlate with the FCP level (rs=0.283, P=0.0565). Conclusions Our testing method using a monoclonal antibody for FCP was well-validated and differentiated IBD patients from HCs. FCP may be a useful biomarker for objective assessment of disease activity in adult Japanese IBD patients, especially those with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Nakamura
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Imaeda
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Center for Clinical Research and Education, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masaki Iimuro
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Oka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amagasaki Central Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Junsuke Oku
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amagasaki Central Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan.,Oku Clinic, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Takako Miyazaki
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Watanabe
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Zhang H, Zeng Z, Mukherjee A, Shen B. Molecular diagnosis and classification of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:867-886. [PMID: 30152711 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1516549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional diagnosis and classification of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have been based on clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, endoscopy, imaging, and histological examinations. With the advancement of medical technology, an increasing number of molecular surrogates are playing a key role in diagnosis, differential diagnosis, assessment of disease activity, prediction of clinical course, and therapeutic response of IBD. Areas covered: The authors review roles of both existing and emerging surrogates including genetic, serological, histologic, and fecal markers in diagnosis and classification of IBD. Comparisons in advantages and disadvantages of different markers have also been discussed. In addition, this review underscores controversial and unclear aspects which need further study. Expert commentary: IBD is characteristic of chronicity, relapse-remission and destructiveness. It is of great importance for clinicians to make an accurate diagnosis and classification. Current and new molecular markers perform well with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. The use of molecular markers in clinical practice needs to be further explored and then generalized. More work is warranted to identify novel useful markers and elucidate how to apply them together with current markers in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- a Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease & Department of Gastroenterology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- a Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease & Department of Gastroenterology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Arjudeb Mukherjee
- b West China School of Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Bo Shen
- c Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , Ohio , USA
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Vavricka SR, Heinrich H, Buetikofer S, Breitenmoser F, Burri E, Schneider-Yin X, Barman-Aksoezen J, Biedermann L, Scharl M, Zeitz J, Rogler G, Misselwitz B, Sauter M. The Vampire Study: Significant elevation of faecal calprotectin in healthy volunteers after 300 ml blood ingestion mimicking upper gastrointestinal bleeding. United European Gastroenterol J 2018; 6:1007-1014. [PMID: 30228888 DOI: 10.1177/2050640618774416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Faecal calprotectin correlates with histological and clinical activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointestinal bleeding might also increase faecal calprotectin levels, erroneously implying intestinal inflammation; however, this possibility has not been systematically assessed. Methods Sixteen healthy volunteers without gastrointestinal disease and normal faecal calprotectin baseline values ingested their own blood twice, either by drinking or via nasogastric tube. Quantities of 100 ml and 300 ml blood were ingested in a randomised order, with a 28-day wash-out period. Faecal calprotectin, faecal occult blood test, and the occurrence of melaena were assessed. Faecal calprotectin ≥ 50 µg/g was considered elevated. Results Melaena was reported by all healthy volunteers after 300 ml and by 11/15 healthy volunteers (71%) after 100 ml blood ingestion. One day after ingestion of 300 ml blood, 8/16 faecal calprotectin tests were positive compared to 1/16 at baseline (p = 0.016). Faecal calprotectin levels above > 200 µg/g were rarely observed. There was a trend for faecal calprotectin test positivity also after ingestion of 100 ml. Conclusion Ingestion of blood resulted in an increase in faecal calprotectin-positive tests. Gastrointestinal bleeding should be considered as a potential cause of mild faecal calprotectin elevation > 50 µg/g; however, increased faecal calprotectin above > 250-300 µg/g, the established cut-off for relevant intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henriette Heinrich
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Buetikofer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Breitenmoser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Burri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cantonal Hospital, Liestal, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Luc Biedermann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Sauter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
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Day AS. Re: American Gastroenterological Association Institute Guideline on therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease. Transl Pediatr 2018; 7:11-13. [PMID: 29441278 PMCID: PMC5803018 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2017.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
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Pietroiusti A, Bergamaschi E, Campagna M, Campagnolo L, De Palma G, Iavicoli S, Leso V, Magrini A, Miragoli M, Pedata P, Palombi L, Iavicoli I. The unrecognized occupational relevance of the interaction between engineered nanomaterials and the gastro-intestinal tract: a consensus paper from a multidisciplinary working group. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:47. [PMID: 29178961 PMCID: PMC5702111 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a fundamental gap of knowledge on the health effects caused by the interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) with the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). This is partly due to the incomplete knowledge of the complex physical and chemical transformations that ENM undergo in the GIT, and partly to the widespread belief that GIT health effects of ENM are much less relevant than pulmonary effects. However, recent experimental findings, considering the role of new players in gut physiology (e.g. the microbiota), shed light on several outcomes of the interaction ENM/GIT. Along with this new information, there is growing direct and indirect evidence that not only ingested ENM, but also inhaled ENM may impact on the GIT. This fact, which may have relevant implications in occupational setting, has never been taken into consideration. This review paper summarizes the opinions and findings of a multidisciplinary team of experts, focusing on two main aspects of the issue: 1) ENM interactions within the GIT and their possible consequences, and 2) relevance of gastro-intestinal effects of inhaled ENMs. Under point 1, we analyzed how luminal gut-constituents, including mucus, may influence the adherence of ENM to cell surfaces in a size-dependent manner, and how intestinal permeability may be affected by different physico-chemical characteristics of ENM. Cytotoxic, oxidative, genotoxic and inflammatory effects on different GIT cells, as well as effects on microbiota, are also discussed. Concerning point 2, recent studies highlight the relevance of gastro-intestinal handling of inhaled ENM, showing significant excretion with feces of inhaled ENM and supporting the hypothesis that GIT should be considered an important target of extrapulmonary effects of inhaled ENM. CONCLUSIONS In spite of recent insights on the relevance of the GIT as a target for toxic effects of nanoparticles, there is still a major gap in knowledge regarding the impact of the direct versus indirect oral exposure. This fact probably applies also to larger particles and dictates careful consideration in workers, who carry the highest risk of exposure to particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pietroiusti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Sciences and Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luisa Campagnolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Magrini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Pedata
- Department of Experimental Medicine- Section of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Forensic Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Palombi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Novel Biomarkers and the Future Potential of Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1936315. [PMID: 28522897 PMCID: PMC5410373 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1936315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing importance placed upon noninvasive assessment of gut inflammation. These tools are likely to be the key in differentiating intestinal inflammatory disease from functional disorders and in monitoring the response to intervention in individuals with known inflammatory conditions. Although various noninvasive markers are currently available, they have limitations and do not provide ideal utility. This review focuses on emerging markers of gut inflammation, highlighting the potential of specific markers.
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Abstract
Over the last thirty years knowledge on fecal biomarkers (FM) has substantially increased. Nowadays these non-invasive inflammation markers are used in the daily management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The interest in investigating FM was motivated by the need of a simple, quick, disposable and less invasive marker of disease activity, which might remove the need for endoscopy when following up with patients. Areas covered: Current literature was reviewed for articles regarding the role of FM in IBD diagnosis, activity, flare prediction, medication and surgical treatment response as well as how FM may differ in adult and paediatric IBD patient populations. Expert commentary: Although FM is relevant in IBD patient follow-up, there isn't enough data regarding FM reference values for different ages, different disease subtypes, disease localization/extension or response to therapy. Serial measurements of FM for each patient may be useful in accessing relapse in most patients. FM presented more consistent results when used as a predictive tool of relapse after ileocecal surgery in Crohn's disease. Ongoing research will clarify FM role in decision-making IBD daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ministro
- a Gastroenterology Department , Tondela - Viseu Hospital Center , Viseu , Portugal
| | - Diana Martins
- a Gastroenterology Department , Tondela - Viseu Hospital Center , Viseu , Portugal
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50
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Dunning M. Improving IBD in dogs through exercise. Vet Rec 2017; 180:222-223. [PMID: 28255047 DOI: 10.1136/vr.j1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dunning
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; e-mail:
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