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Zhao JT, Zhang Y, Wang XW, Zou PY, Zhao Z, Mei H, Liu YX, Su NY, Zhu YJ, Wang B, Wei YL, Chen DF, Lan CH. Long-term effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on gut microbiota after Helicobacter pylori eradication with bismuth quadruple therapy: A randomized controlled trial. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13079. [PMID: 38984661 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection by bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is effective. However, the effect of BQT and subsequent fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) on the gut microbiota is less known. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary hospital in China from January 2019 to October 2020, with the primary endpoints the effect of BQT on the gut microbiota and the effect of FMT on the gut microbiota after bismuth quadruple therapy eradication therapy. A 14-day BQT with amoxicillin and clarithromycin was administered to H. pylori-positive subjects, and after eradication therapy, patients received a one-time FMT or placebo treatment. We then collected stool samples to assess the effects of 14-day BQT and FMT on the gut microbiota. 16 s rDNA and metagenomic sequencing were used to analyze the structure and function of intestinal flora. We also used Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) to evaluate gastrointestinal symptom during treatment. RESULTS A total of 30 patients were recruited and 15 were assigned to either FMT or placebo groups. After eradication therapy, alpha-diversity was decreased in both groups. At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes decreased, while Proteobacteria increased. At the genus level, the abundance of beneficial bacteria decreased, while pathogenic bacteria increased. Eradication therapy reduced some resistance genes abundance while increased the resistance genes abundance linked to Escherichia coli. While they all returned to baseline by Week 10. Besides, the difference was observed in Week 10 by the diarrhea score between two groups. Compared to Week 2, the GSRS total score and diarrhea score decreased in Week 3 only in FMT group. CONCLUSIONS The balance of intestinal flora in patients can be considerably impacted by BQT in the short term, but it has reverted back to baseline by Week 10. FMT can alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms even if there was no evidence it promoted restoration of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Tao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei-Ying Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na-Yun Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang-Jie Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Feng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Hui Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Assimakopoulos SF, Bhagani S, Aggeletopoulou I, Tsounis EP, Tsochatzis EA. The role of gut barrier dysfunction in postoperative complications in liver transplantation: pathophysiological and therapeutic considerations. Infection 2024; 52:723-736. [PMID: 38324146 PMCID: PMC11143052 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gut barrier dysfunction is a pivotal pathophysiological alteration in cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease, which is further aggravated during and after the operational procedures for liver transplantation (LT). In this review, we analyze the multifactorial disruption of all major levels of defense of the gut barrier (biological, mechanical, and immunological) and correlate with clinical implications. METHODS A narrative review of the literature was performed using PubMed, PubMed Central and Google from inception until November 29th, 2023. RESULTS Systemic translocation of indigenous bacteria through this dysfunctional barrier contributes to the early post-LT infectious complications, while endotoxin translocation, through activation of the systemic inflammatory response, is implicated in non-infectious complications including renal dysfunction and graft rejection. Bacterial infections are the main cause of early in-hospital mortality of LT patients and unraveling the pathophysiology of gut barrier failure is of outmost importance. CONCLUSION A pathophysiology-based approach to prophylactic or therapeutic interventions may lead to enhancement of gut barrier function eliminating its detrimental consequences and leading to better outcomes for LT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios F Assimakopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, 26504, Patras, Greece.
| | - Sanjay Bhagani
- Department of Infectious Diseases/HIV Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Efthymios P Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Emmanuel A Tsochatzis
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital and UCL, London, UK
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Ayed L, M’hir S, Nuzzolese D, Di Cagno R, Filannino P. Harnessing the Health and Techno-Functional Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2024; 13:1538. [PMID: 38790838 PMCID: PMC11120132 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the techno-functional properties of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) in the food industry, focusing on their potential health benefits. We discuss current findings related to the techno-functionality of LAB, which includes acidification, proteolytic and lipolytic features, and a variety of other biochemical activities. These activities include the production of antimicrobial compounds and the synthesis of exopolysaccharides that improve food safety and consumer sensory experience. LABs are also known for their antioxidant abilities, which help reduce oxidative reactions in foods and improve their functional properties. In addition, LABs' role as probiotics is known for their promising effects on gut health, immune system modulation, cholesterol control, and general wellbeing. Despite these advantages, several challenges hinder the effective production and use of probiotic LABs, such as maintaining strain viability during storage and transport as well as ensuring their efficacy in the gastrointestinal tract. Our review identifies these critical barriers and suggests avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Ayed
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LETMI), LR05ES08, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, BP 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia;
| | - Sana M’hir
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LETMI), LR05ES08, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, BP 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia;
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, BP 382, Beja 9000, Tunisia
| | - Domenico Nuzzolese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (P.F.)
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Lee MA, Questa M, Wanakumjorn P, Kol A, McLaughlin B, Weimer BC, Buono A, Suchodolski JS, Marsilio S. Safety profile and effects on the peripheral immune response of fecal microbiota transplantation in clinically healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1425-1436. [PMID: 38613431 PMCID: PMC11099722 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is increasingly used for gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases in veterinary medicine. However, its effects on immune responses and possible adverse events have not been systematically investigated. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Determine the short-term safety profile and changes in the peripheral immune system after a single FMT administration in healthy dogs. ANIMALS Ten client-owned, clinically healthy dogs as FMT recipients, and 2 client-owned clinically healthy dogs as FMT donors. METHODS Prospective non-randomized clinical trial. A single rectal enema of 5 g/kg was given to clinically healthy canine recipients. During the 28 days after FMT administration, owners self-reported adverse events and fecal scores. On Days 0 (baseline), 1, 4, 10, and 28 after FMT, fecal and blood samples were collected. The canine fecal dysbiosis index (DI) was calculated using qPCR. RESULTS No significant changes were found in the following variables: CBC, serum biochemistry, C-reactive protein, serum cytokines (interleukins [IL]-2, -6, -8, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α), peripheral leukocytes (B cells, T cells, cluster of differentiation [CD]4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, T regulatory cells), and the canine DI. Mild vomiting (n = 3), diarrhea (n = 4), decreased activity (n = 2), and inappetence (n = 1) were reported, and resolved without intervention. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Fecal microbiota transplantation did not significantly alter the evaluated variables and recipients experienced minimal adverse events associated with FMT administration. Fecal microbiota transplantation was not associated with serious adverse events, changes in peripheral immunologic variables, or the canine DI in the short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Lee
- Department of Medicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of California School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maria Questa
- Department of Medicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of California School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Patrawin Wanakumjorn
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & ImmunologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & ImmunologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bridget McLaughlin
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource LaboratoryUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bart C. Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome ProjectUniversity of California School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Agostino Buono
- Gastrointestinal LaboratoryTexas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal LaboratoryTexas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Sina Marsilio
- Department of Medicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of California School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Olson S, Welton L, Jahansouz C. Perioperative Considerations for the Surgical Treatment of Crohn's Disease with Discussion on Surgical Antibiotics Practices and Impact on the Gut Microbiome. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:317. [PMID: 38666993 PMCID: PMC11047551 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory process of the gastrointestinal tract defined by flares and periods of remission, is increasing in incidence. Despite advances in multimodal medical therapy, disease progression often necessitates multiple operations with high morbidity. The inability to treat Crohn's disease successfully is likely in part because the etiopathogenesis is not completely understood; however, recent research suggests the gut microbiome plays a critical role. How traditional perioperative management, including bowel preparation and preoperative antibiotics, further changes the microbiome and affects outcomes is not well described, especially in Crohn's patients, who are unique given their immunosuppression and baseline dysbiosis. This paper aims to outline current knowledge regarding perioperative management of Crohn's disease, the evolving role of gut dysbiosis, and how the microbiome can guide perioperative considerations with special attention to perioperative antibiotics as well as treatment of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. In conclusion, dysbiosis is common in Crohn's patients and may be exacerbated by malnutrition, steroids, narcotic use, diarrhea, and perioperative antibiotics. Dysbiosis is also a major risk factor for anastomotic leak, and special consideration should be given to limiting factors that further perturb the gut microbiota in the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelbi Olson
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.O.); (L.W.)
| | - Lindsay Welton
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.O.); (L.W.)
| | - Cyrus Jahansouz
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Belei O, Basaca DG, Olariu L, Pantea M, Bozgan D, Nanu A, Sîrbu I, Mărginean O, Enătescu I. The Interaction between Stress and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Pediatric and Adult Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1361. [PMID: 38592680 PMCID: PMC10932475 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have seen an exponential increase in incidence, particularly among pediatric patients. Psychological stress is a significant risk factor influencing the disease course. This review assesses the interaction between stress and disease progression, focusing on articles that quantified inflammatory markers in IBD patients exposed to varying degrees of psychological stress. Methods: A systematic narrative literature review was conducted, focusing on the interaction between IBD and stress among adult and pediatric patients, as well as animal subjects. The research involved searching PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases from 2000 to December 2023. Results: The interplay between the intestinal immunity response, the nervous system, and psychological disorders, known as the gut-brain axis, plays a major role in IBD pathophysiology. Various types of stressors alter gut mucosal integrity through different pathways, increasing gut mucosa permeability and promoting bacterial translocation. A denser microbial load in the gut wall emphasizes cytokine production, worsening the disease course. The risk of developing depression and anxiety is higher in IBD patients compared with the general population, and stress is a significant trigger for inducing acute flares of the disease. Conclusions: Further large studies should be conducted to assess the relationship between stressors, psychological disorders, and their impact on the course of IBD. Clinicians involved in the medical care of IBD patients should aim to implement stress reduction practices in addition to pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Belei
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (O.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Diana-Georgiana Basaca
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (O.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Laura Olariu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Manuela Pantea
- Twelfth Department, Neonatology Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.P.); (I.E.)
| | - Daiana Bozgan
- Clinic of Neonatology, “Pius Brânzeu” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300723 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Anda Nanu
- Third Pediatric Clinic, “Louis Țurcanu” Emergency Children Hospital, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.)
| | - Iuliana Sîrbu
- Third Pediatric Clinic, “Louis Țurcanu” Emergency Children Hospital, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.)
| | - Otilia Mărginean
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (O.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Ileana Enătescu
- Twelfth Department, Neonatology Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.P.); (I.E.)
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Kamel M, Aleya S, Alsubih M, Aleya L. Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases. J Pers Med 2024; 14:217. [PMID: 38392650 PMCID: PMC10890469 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases have long posed a significant threat to global health and require constant innovation in treatment approaches. However, recent groundbreaking research has shed light on a previously overlooked player in the pathogenesis of disease-the human microbiome. This review article addresses the intricate relationship between the microbiome and infectious diseases and unravels its role as a crucial mediator of host-pathogen interactions. We explore the remarkable potential of harnessing this dynamic ecosystem to develop innovative treatment strategies that could revolutionize the management of infectious diseases. By exploring the latest advances and emerging trends, this review aims to provide a new perspective on combating infectious diseases by targeting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Sami Aleya
- Faculty of Medecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Hauts-du-Chazal, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Majed Alsubih
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6249, La Bouloie, 25030 Besançon, France
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Jamshidi P, Farsi Y, Nariman Z, Hatamnejad MR, Mohammadzadeh B, Akbarialiabad H, Nasiri MJ, Sechi LA. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14562. [PMID: 37834010 PMCID: PMC10573019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) poses a significant challenge due to its poorly understood pathogenesis, substantial morbidity, and often inadequate treatment outcomes. The role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in managing IBS symptoms remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of FMT in relieving symptoms in IBS patients. A thorough search was executed on PubMed/Medline and Embase databases until 14 June 2023, including all studies on FMT use in IBS patients. We examined the efficiency of FMT in reducing patients' symptoms overall and in particular subgroups, classified by placebo preparation, FMT preparation, frequency, and route of administration. Among 1015 identified studies, seven met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The overall symptomatology of FMT-treated IBS patients did not significantly differ from the control group (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.99, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.39-2.5). Multiple doses of FMT compared with non-FMT placebo, or single-donor FMT therapy compared with autologous FMT placebo also showed no significant benefit (OR = 0.32, 95%CI (0.07-1.32), p = 0.11, and OR = 1.67, 95%CI (0.59-4.67), p = 0.32, respectively). However, a single dose of multiple-donor FMT administered via colonoscopy (lower gastrointestinal (GI) administration) significantly improved patient symptoms compared with autologous FMT placebo (OR = 2.54, 95%CI (1.20-5.37), p = 0.01, and OR = 2.2, 95%CI (1.20-4.03), p = 0.01, respectively). The studies included in the analysis showed a low risk of bias and no publication bias. In conclusion, lower GI administration of a single dose of multiple-donor FMT significantly alleviates patient complaints compared with the autologous FMT used as a placebo. The underlying mechanisms need to be better understood, and further experimental studies are desired to fill the current gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Jamshidi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran or (P.J.)
| | - Yeganeh Farsi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Zahra Nariman
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hatamnejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Benyamin Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran or (P.J.)
| | - Hossein Akbarialiabad
- NVH Global Health Academy, Nuvance Health, Danbury, CT 06810, USA
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran or (P.J.)
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- SC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Similuk M, Kuijpers T. Nature and nurture: understanding phenotypic variation in inborn errors of immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1183142. [PMID: 37780853 PMCID: PMC10538643 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1183142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall disease burden of pediatric infection is high, with widely varying clinical outcomes including death. Among the most vulnerable children, those with inborn errors of immunity, reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are common but poorly understood. There are several genetic mechanisms that influence phenotypic variation in inborn errors of immunity, as well as a body of knowledge on environmental influences and specific pathogen triggers. Critically, recent advances are illuminating novel nuances for fundamental concepts on disease penetrance, as well as raising new areas of inquiry. The last few decades have seen the identification of almost 500 causes of inborn errors of immunity, as well as major advancements in our ability to characterize somatic events, the microbiome, and genotypes across large populations. The progress has not been linear, and yet, these developments have accumulated into an enhanced ability to diagnose and treat inborn errors of immunity, in some cases with precision therapy. Nonetheless, many questions remain regarding the genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variation both within and among families. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated summary of key concepts in genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variation within inborn errors of immunity, conceptualized as including dynamic, reciprocal interplay among factors unfolding across the key dimension of time. The associated findings, potential gaps, and implications for research are discussed in turn for each major influencing factor. The substantial challenge ahead will be to organize and integrate information in such a way that accommodates the heterogeneity within inborn errors of immunity to arrive at a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of how the immune system operates in health and disease. And, crucially, to translate this understanding into improved patient care for the millions at risk for serious infection and other immune-related morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Similuk
- Centralized Sequencing Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Taco Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Zhao H, Yang CE, Liu T, Zhang MX, Niu Y, Wang M, Yu J. The roles of gut microbiota and its metabolites in diabetic nephropathy. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1207132. [PMID: 37577423 PMCID: PMC10413983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1207132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes, which increases the risk of renal failure and causes a high global disease burden. Due to the lack of sustainable treatment, DN has become the primary cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Gut microbiota and its metabolites exert critical regulatory functions in maintaining host health and are associated with many pathogenesis of aging-related chronic diseases. Currently, the theory gut-kidney axis has opened a novel angle to understand the relationship between gut microbiota and multiple kidney diseases. In recent years, accumulating evidence has revealed that the gut microbiota and their metabolites play an essential role in the pathophysiologic processes of DN through the gut-kidney axis. In this review, we summarize the current investigations of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites involvement in the progression of DN, and further discuss the potential gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic approaches for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, the Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng-E Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, the Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, the Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, the Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, the Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Boicean A, Bratu D, Bacila C, Tanasescu C, Fleacă RS, Mohor CI, Comaniciu A, Băluță T, Roman MD, Chicea R, Cristian AN, Hasegan A, Birsan S, Dura H, Mohor CI. Therapeutic Perspectives for Microbiota Transplantation in Digestive Diseases and Neoplasia-A Literature Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:766. [PMID: 37375456 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a mutually beneficial connection with its host, the gut microbiota affects the host's nutrition, immunity, and metabolism. An increasing number of studies have shown links between certain types of disease and gut dysbiosis or specific microorganisms. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is strongly advised for the treatment of recurrent or resistant Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) due to its outstanding clinical effectiveness against CDI. The therapeutic potential of FMT for other disorders, particularly inflammatory bowel diseases and malignancies, is currently gaining more and more attention. We summarized the most recent preclinical and clinical evidence to show the promise of FMT in the management of cancer as well as complications related to cancer treatment after reviewing the most recent research on the gut microbiota and its relationship to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Boicean
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Dan Bratu
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Ciprian Bacila
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tanasescu
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Radu Sorin Fleacă
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Calin Ilie Mohor
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Andra Comaniciu
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Teodora Băluță
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Mihai Dan Roman
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Radu Chicea
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Adrian Nicolae Cristian
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Adrian Hasegan
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Sabrina Birsan
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Horațiu Dura
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Cosmin Ioan Mohor
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
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12
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Sasso JM, Ammar RM, Tenchov R, Lemmel S, Kelber O, Grieswelle M, Zhou QA. Gut Microbiome-Brain Alliance: A Landscape View into Mental and Gastrointestinal Health and Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1717-1763. [PMID: 37156006 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that the gut and brain are in constant bidirectional communication, of which gut microbiota and its metabolic production are a major component, and form the so-called gut microbiome-brain axis. Disturbances of microbiota homeostasis caused by imbalance in their functional composition and metabolic activities, known as dysbiosis, cause dysregulation of these pathways and trigger changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability, thereby causing pathological malfunctions, including neurological and functional gastrointestinal disorders. In turn, the brain can affect the structure and function of gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system by regulating gut motility, intestinal transit and secretion, and gut permeability. Here, we examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research. We review the advances in knowledge related to the human gut microbiome, its complexity and functionality, its communication with the central nervous system, and the effect of the gut microbiome-brain axis on mental and gut health. We discuss correlations between gut microbiota composition and various diseases, specifically gastrointestinal and mental disorders. We also explore gut microbiota metabolites with regard to their impact on the brain and gut function and associated diseases. Finally, we assess clinical applications of gut-microbiota-related substances and metabolites with their development pipelines. We hope this review can serve as a useful resource in understanding the current knowledge on this emerging field in an effort to further solving of the remaining challenges and fulfilling its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Sasso
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Ramy M Ammar
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Steven Lemmel
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Olaf Kelber
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Malte Grieswelle
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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13
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Boicean A, Birlutiu V, Ichim C, Anderco P, Birsan S. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041016. [PMID: 37189634 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases represent a complex array of diseases of incompletely known etiology that led to gastrointestinal tract chronic inflammation. In inflammatory bowel disease, a promising method of treatment is represented by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), FMT has shown its increasing effectiveness and safety in recent years for recurrent CDI; moreover, it showed real clinical benefits in treating SARS-CoV-2 and CDI co-infection. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by immune dysregulation, resulting in digestive tract damage caused by immune responses. Most current therapeutic strategies are associated with high costs and many adverse effects by directly targeting the immune response, so modifying the microbial environment by FMT offers an alternative approach that could indirectly influence the host’s immune system in a safe way. Studies outline the endoscopic and clinical improvements in UC and CD in FMT patients versus control groups. This review outlines the multiple benefits of FMT in the case of IBD by improving patients unbalanced gut, therefore improving endoscopic and clinical symptomatology. We aim to emphasize the clinical importance and benefits of FMT in order to prevent flares or complications of IBD and to highlight that further validation is needed for establishing a clinical protocol for FMT in IBD.
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14
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Basal Diet Fed to Recipient Mice Was the Driving Factor for Colitis and Colon Tumorigenesis, despite Fecal Microbiota Transfer from Mice with Severe or Mild Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061338. [PMID: 36986068 PMCID: PMC10052649 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of the total Western diet (TWD) in mice has been shown to increase gut inflammation, promote colon tumorigenesis, and alter fecal microbiome composition when compared to mice fed a healthy diet, i.e., AIN93G (AIN). However, it is unclear whether the gut microbiome contributes directly to colitis-associated CRC in this model. The objective of this study was to determine whether dynamic fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from donor mice fed either the AIN basal diet or the TWD would alter colitis symptoms or colitis-associated CRC in recipient mice, which were fed either the AIN diet or the TWD, using a 2 × 2 factorial experiment design. Time-matched FMT from the donor mice fed the TWD did not significantly enhance symptoms of colitis, colon epithelial inflammation, mucosal injury, or colon tumor burden in the recipient mice fed the AIN diet. Conversely, FMT from the AIN-fed donors did not impart a protective effect on the recipient mice fed the TWD. Likewise, the composition of fecal microbiomes of the recipient mice was also affected to a much greater extent by the diet they consumed than by the source of FMT. In summary, FMT from the donor mice fed either basal diet with differing colitis or tumor outcomes did not shift colitis symptoms or colon tumorigenesis in the recipient mice, regardless of the basal diet they consumed. These observations suggest that the gut microbiome may not contribute directly to the development of disease in this animal model.
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15
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Contrasting Autoimmune Comorbidities in Microscopic Colitis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030652. [PMID: 36983808 PMCID: PMC10056705 DOI: 10.3390/life13030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and microscopic colitis (lymphocytic and collagenous colitis) are immune-mediated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, with distinct pathophysiology. Objective: We sought to compare the prevalence of autoimmune diseases between microscopic colitis (MC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in our patient cohorts in their medical history. Methods: We collected data from 611 patients (508 with IBD, 103 with MC). We recorded cases of other autoimmune diseases. The screened documentation was written in the period between 2008 and 2022. We sought to determine whether colonic involvement had an impact on the prevalence of autoimmune diseases. Results: Ulcerative colitis patients and patients with colonic-predominant Crohn’s disease had a greater propensity for autoimmune conditions across the disease course than patients with ileal-predominant Crohn’s disease. Gluten-related disorders were more common in Crohn’s disease than in ulcerative colitis, and slightly more common than in microscopic colitis. In ulcerative colitis, 10 patients had non-differentiated collagenosis registered, which can later develop into a definite autoimmune disease. Conclusions: Predominantly colonic involvement can be a predisposing factor for developing additional autoimmune disorders in IBD. Ulcerative colitis patients may have laboratory markers of autoimmunity, without fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for definitive autoimmune disorders (non-differentiated collagenosis).
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16
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Gut Microbiota, LADA, and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Evolving Relationship. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030707. [PMID: 36979685 PMCID: PMC10045633 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much evidence confirming the crucial role played by the gut microbiota in modulating the immune system in the onset of autoimmune diseases. In this article, we focus on the relationship between alterations in the microbiome and the onset of diabetes mellitus type 1 and LADA, in light of the latest evidence. We will then look at both how the role of the gut microbiota appears to be increasingly crucial in the pathogenesis of these disorders and how this aspect may be instrumental in the development of new potential therapeutic strategies that modulate the gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
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17
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Alam MZ, Maslanka JR, Abt MC. Immunological consequences of microbiome-based therapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1046472. [PMID: 36713364 PMCID: PMC9878555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex network of microscopic organisms living on and within humans, collectively referred to as the microbiome, produce wide array of biologically active molecules that shape our health. Disruption of the microbiome is associated with susceptibility to a range of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, allergy, obesity, and infection. A new series of next-generation microbiome-based therapies are being developed to treat these diseases by transplanting bacteria or bacterial-derived byproducts into a diseased individual to reset the recipient's microbiome and restore health. Microbiome transplantation therapy is still in its early stages of being a routine treatment option and, with a few notable exceptions, has had limited success in clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the successes and challenges of implementing these therapies to treat disease with a focus on interactions between the immune system and microbiome-based therapeutics. The immune activation status of the microbiome transplant recipient prior to transplantation has an important role in supporting bacterial engraftment. Following engraftment, microbiome transplant derived signals can modulate immune function to ameliorate disease. As novel microbiome-based therapeutics are developed, consideration of how the transplants will interact with the immune system will be a key factor in determining whether the microbiome-based transplant elicits its intended therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael C. Abt
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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18
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Wortelboer K, Koopen AM, Herrema H, de Vos WM, Nieuwdorp M, Kemper EM. From fecal microbiota transplantation toward next-generation beneficial microbes: The case of Anaerobutyricum soehngenii. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1077275. [PMID: 36544495 PMCID: PMC9760881 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1077275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal gut microbiota is important for human health and well-being whereas deviations of the gut microbiota have been associated with a multitude of diseases. Restoration of a balanced and diverse microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a potential treatment strategy and promising tool to study causality of the microbiota in disease pathogenesis. However, FMT comes with logistical challenges and potential safety risks, such as the transfer of pathogenic microorganisms, undesired phenotypes or an increased risk of developing disease later in life. Therefore, a more controlled, personalized mixture of cultured beneficial microbes might prove a better alternative. Most of these beneficial microbes will be endogenous commensals to the host without a long history of safe and beneficial use and are therefore commonly referred to as next-generation probiotics (NGP) or live biotherapeutic products (LBP). Following a previous FMT study within our group, the commensal butyrate producer Anaerobutyricum spp. (previously named Eubacterium hallii) was found to be associated with improved insulin-sensitivity in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. After the preclinical testing with Anaerobutyricum soehngenii in mice models was completed, the strain was produced under controlled conditions and several clinical studies evaluating its safety and efficacy in humans were performed. Here, we describe and reflect on the development of A. soehngenii for clinical use, providing practical guidance for the development and testing of NGPs and reflecting on the current regulatory framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Wortelboer
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annefleur M. Koopen
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. Marleen Kemper
- Department of Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Campbell CD, Barnett C, Sulaiman I. A clinicians’ review of the respiratory microbiome. Breathe (Sheff) 2022; 18:210161. [PMID: 36338247 PMCID: PMC9584600 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0161-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory microbiome and its impact in health and disease is now well characterised. With the development of next-generation sequencing and the use of other techniques such as metabolomics, the functional impact of microorganisms in different host environments can be elucidated. It is now clear that the respiratory microbiome plays an important role in respiratory disease. In some diseases, such as bronchiectasis, examination of the microbiome can even be used to identify patients at higher risk of poor outcomes. Furthermore, the microbiome can aid in phenotyping. Finally, development of multi-omic analysis has revealed interactions between the host and microbiome in some conditions. This review, although not exhaustive, aims to outline how the microbiome is investigated, the healthy respiratory microbiome and its role in respiratory disease. The respiratory microbiome encompasses bacterial, fungal and viral communities. In health, it is a dynamic structure and dysbiotic in disease. Dysbiosis can be related to disease severity and may be utilised to predict patients at clinical risk.https://bit.ly/3pNSgnA
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20
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Moschen AR, Sammy Y, Marjenberg Z, Heptinstall AB, Pooley N, Marczewska AM. The Underestimated and Overlooked Burden of Diarrhea and Constipation in Cancer Patients. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:861-874. [PMID: 35325401 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize and discuss the diverse causes of two major gastrointestinal dysfunction symptoms, diarrhea and constipation, in cancer patients. We also discuss short- and long-term clinical, economic, and humanistic consequences, including the impact on cancer treatment regimens and patient quality of life, highlighting the limitations of the literature. RECENT FINDINGS Diarrhea and constipation as a result of cancer and its treatment can risk the success of anti-cancer therapies by requiring treatment delay or withdrawal, and imposes a substantial humanistic burden in patients with cancer. Despite its importance and frequency, gastrointestinal side effects may be overlooked due to the focus on cancer treatment, and the impact on patients may be underestimated. Additionally, the burden reported may not fully reflect current cancer management, particularly the true impact of economic consequences. A full understanding of the burden of diarrhea and constipation in patients with cancer is required, including broad evaluation of clinical considerations, the patient experience, and an updated assessment of economic burden. This would improve caregivers' appreciation of the impact of gastrointestinal dysfunction and aid the prioritization of future research efforts.
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21
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de Sire A, de Sire R, Curci C, Castiglione F, Wahli W. Role of Dietary Supplements and Probiotics in Modulating Microbiota and Bone Health: The Gut-Bone Axis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040743. [PMID: 35203401 PMCID: PMC8870226 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by an alteration of bone microstructure with a decreased bone mineral density, leading to the incidence of fragility fractures. Around 200 million people are affected by osteoporosis, representing a major health burden worldwide. Several factors are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Today, altered intestinal homeostasis is being investigated as a potential additional risk factor for reduced bone health and, therefore, as a novel potential therapeutic target. The intestinal microflora influences osteoclasts’ activity by regulating the serum levels of IGF-1, while also acting on the intestinal absorption of calcium. It is therefore not surprising that gut dysbiosis impacts bone health. Microbiota alterations affect the OPG/RANKL pathway in osteoclasts, and are correlated with reduced bone strength and quality. In this context, it has been hypothesized that dietary supplements, prebiotics, and probiotics contribute to the intestinal microecological balance that is important for bone health. The aim of the present comprehensive review is to describe the state of the art on the role of dietary supplements and probiotics as therapeutic agents for bone health regulation and osteoporosis, through gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Sire
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.d.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Roberto de Sire
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Claudio Curci
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Carlo Poma, 46100 Mantova, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Toxalim Research Center in Food Toxicology (UMR 1331), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.d.S.); (W.W.)
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22
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El Haddad L, Mendoza JF, Jobin C. Bacteriophage-mediated manipulations of microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1055427. [PMID: 36466675 PMCID: PMC9714271 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1055427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some gastrointestinal diseases could be managed using various antibiotics regimen, this therapeutic approach lacks precision and damages the microbiota. Emerging literature suggests that phages may play a key role in restoring the gut microbiome balance and controlling disease progression either with exogenous phage intervention or filtered fecal transplantation or even engineered phages. In this review, we will discuss the current phage applications aiming at controlling the bacterial population and preventing infection, inflammation, and cancer progression in the context of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn El Haddad
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jesus F Mendoza
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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