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Cayuela L, Flox-Benítez G, Peiró Villalba C, Giráldez Gallego Á, Cayuela Domínguez A. Investigating temporal patterns of colorectal cancer incidence in Spain: a comprehensive analysis of age, period and cohort effects, 1990-2019. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2024; 116:312-318. [PMID: 38525844 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10317/2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate how age, period, and cohort (A-P-C) impact colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in Spain from 1990 to 2019. METHOD Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we used joinpoint analysis to identify long-term trends and A-P-C modelling to quantify net drift, local drift, longitudinal age curves, and rate ratios (RRs) of period and cohort effects. RESULTS CRC incidence increased steadily in Spain from 1990 to 2019, with a more significant rise in males than in females. The age standardized rates rose from 84.9 to 129.3 cases per 100,000 in males and from 56.9 to 70.3 cases per 100,000 in females. Joinpoint analysis revealed distinct patterns for men and women: male incidence showed three phases (a surge until 1995, a slowdown until 2012, and a subsequent decrease) while female incidence showed a single increase until 2011 and then stabilized. Local drifts increased in all age groups over 45, with stability in males under 45 and a decrease in females aged 30-39. The risk of CRC increased with age, with males consistently having a higher risk than females. The risk of CRC increased over time for both men and women but at different rates. The risk for cohorts born in the early to mid-20th century peaked in the 1960s and remained stable until the late 1990s. CONCLUSION The increasing incidence of CRC in Spain, with distinct patterns by gender and birth cohort, underlines the importance of preventive strategies adapted to temporal and demographic variations to address this public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cayuela
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa
| | | | | | - Álvaro Giráldez Gallego
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Dis, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío
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Santucci C, Mignozzi S, Levi F, Malvezzi M, Bertuccio P, Odone A, Camargo MC, La Vecchia C, Negri E. Cancer mortality predictions for 2024 in selected Asian countries and Australia with focus on stomach cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024:00008469-990000000-00141. [PMID: 38595154 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We estimated cancer mortality figures in five major Asian countries and Australia for 2024, focusing on stomach cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Eastern Asia. METHODS We computed country- and sex-specific annual age-standardized rates (ASRs) for total cancers and the 10 most common cancer sites, using WHO and the United Nations Population Division databases from 1970 to 2021 or the latest available year. We predicted figures for 2024 and estimated the number of avoided cancer deaths in 1994-2024. RESULTS All cancers combined ASR declined between 2015-2019 and 2024 across considered countries and sexes. In 2024, the lowest predicted male rate is in the Philippines (75.0/100 000) and the highest in Australia (94.2/100 000). The Republic of Korea is predicted to have the lowest female ASR (42.1/100 000) while the Philippines the highest (74.5/100 000). Over the last three decades, 121 300 deaths were estimated to be avoided in Hong Kong SAR, 69 500 in Israel, 1 246 300 in Japan, 653 300 in the Republic of Korea, 303 300 in Australia, and 89 700 among Philippine men. Mortality from stomach cancer has been decreasing since 1970 in all considered countries and both sexes. Significant decreases are at all age groups Male rates remain, however, high in Japan (8.7/100 000) and the Republic of Korea (6.2/100 000). CONCLUSION Declining cancer mortality is predicted in the considered countries, notably reducing stomach cancer burden. Stomach cancer, however, remains a major public health issue in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Santucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Mignozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Levi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Malvezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma
| | - Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia
- Medical Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Santucci C, Mignozzi S, Malvezzi M, Boffetta P, Collatuzzo G, Levi F, La Vecchia C, Negri E. European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2024 with focus on colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:308-316. [PMID: 38286716 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We predicted cancer mortality figures for 2024 for the European Union (EU), its five most populous countries, and the UK. We focused on mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on cancer death certification and population data from the World Health Organization and Eurostat databases from 1970 until the most available year, we predicted deaths and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for 2024 for all cancers and the 10 most common cancer sites. We fitted a linear regression to the most recent trend segment identified by the joinpoint model. The number of avoided deaths since the peak in 1988-2024 was estimated for all cancers and CRC. RESULTS We predicted 1 270 800 cancer deaths for 2024 in the EU, corresponding to ASRs of 123.2/100 000 men (-6.5% versus 2018) and 79.0/100 000 women (-4.3%). Since 1988, about 6.2 million cancer deaths have been avoided in the EU and 1.3 million in the UK. Pancreatic cancer displayed unfavorable predicted rates for both sexes (+1.6% in men and +4.0% in women) and lung cancer for women (+0.3%). The focus on CRC showed falls in mortality at all ages in the EU, by 4.8% for men and 9.5% for women since 2018. The largest declines in CRC mortality are predicted among those 70+ years old. In the UK, projected ASRs for CRC at all ages are favorable for men (-3.4% versus 2018) but not for women (+0.3%). Below age 50 years, CRC mortality showed unfavorable trends in Italy and the UK, in Poland and Spain for men, and in Germany for women. CONCLUSIONS Predicted cancer mortality rates remain favorable in the EU and the UK, mainly in males due to earlier smoking cessation compared to females, underlining the persisting major role of tobacco on cancer mortality in Europe. Attention should be paid to the predicted increases in CRC mortality in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Santucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan
| | - S Mignozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan
| | - M Malvezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - P Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Levi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan.
| | - E Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Yu K, Fang X. Evaluating the role of wound-healing genes in conjunction with stool routine and serum tumor markers for colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognostic implications. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14768. [PMID: 38446012 PMCID: PMC10916745 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common malignant digestive tract tumour with high morbidity and mortality. Early detection, treatment and diagnosis are crucial for preventing and treating colorectal cancer, which develops through multi-stage accumulation and gene participation, affecting tumour marker levels. Chronic wounds can lead to the development of certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer. The prolonged inflammation and tissue repair caused by chronic wounds can trigger cellular changes, potentially promoting cancerous cell growth in the colon. The formation and progression of colorectal cancer involve changes in tumour markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), sugar chain antigen 19-9 (CA199) and CA125. This study explores the clinical application value of a stool routine combined with serum tumour marker detection in diagnosing colorectal cancer. The experiment team examined the clinical information of 56 colorectal cancer patients alongside a control group of 56 healthy patients. Distinct stool characteristics and heightened occult blood rates were evident in colorectal cancer cases. The combined approach integrating stool routine and serum tumour markers improved diagnostic accuracy, displaying enhanced sensitivity and specificity compared with individual markers or stool routines alone. Bioinformatics analysis indicated increased CEA and CA125 levels in colorectal cancer tissues versus normal tissues, hinting at potential prognostic implications. Exploring wound-healing genes like Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA), Tumour Protein 53 (TP53) and Transforming Growth Factor Alpha (TGFA) revealed heightened expression in colorectal cancer, suggesting their potential role in disease progression. These markers showed associations with various immune cell types, suggesting their impact within the tumour microenvironment (p < 0.05). Single-cell RNA sequencing data highlighted varying CEA expressions across different cell populations in colorectal cancer. The findings indicated that integrating clinical assessments with accurate biomarkers may provide valuable insights into prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunze Yu
- Clinical MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xing Fang
- Jinhua Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityJinhua City People's Hospital, Medical Administration DivisionWenzhouChina
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Tom A, Jacob J, Mathews M, Rajagopal R, Alfarhan A, Barcelo D, Narayanankutty A. Synthesis of Bis-Chalcones and Evaluation of Its Effect on Peroxide-Induced Cell Death and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Production. Molecules 2023; 28:6354. [PMID: 37687181 PMCID: PMC10488834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites are important sources of biologically active compounds with wide pharmacological potentials. Among the different classes, the chalcones form integral pharmacologically active agents. Natural chalcones and bis-chalcones exhibit high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various experiments. Studies are also underway to explore more biologically active bis-chalcones by chemical synthesis of these compounds. In this study, the effects of six synthetic bis-chalcones were evaluated in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6); further, the anti-inflammatory potentials were studied in lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production in macrophages. The synthesized bis-chalcones differ from each other first of all by the nature of the aromatic cores (functional group substitution, and their position) and by the size of a central alicycle. The exposure of IEC-6 cells to peroxide radicals reduced the cell viability; however, pre-treatment with the bis-chalcones improved the cell viability in these cells. The mechanism of action was observed to be the increased levels of glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities. Further, these bis-chalcones also inhibited the LPS-stimulation-induced inflammatory cytokine production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Overall, the present study indicated the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory abilities of synthetic bis-chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alby Tom
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College Devagiri (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, Kerala, India;
| | - Jisha Jacob
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Lab, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College Devagiri (Autonomous), Calicut 680555, Kerala, India;
| | - Manoj Mathews
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College Devagiri (Autonomous), Calicut 680555, Kerala, India;
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Idaea-Csic, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College Devagiri (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, Kerala, India;
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