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Iyer A, Kent K, Brunacci K, Agho KE, Fleming CAK. Feeding Practices, Parent Perceptions, and Diet Diversity in a Sample of Children Aged 0-5 Years from Western Sydney, Australia: A Mixed Methods Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:198. [PMID: 38257091 PMCID: PMC10821087 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sub-optimal feeding practices and dietary intakes in childhood are associated with poor health outcomes in adulthood. This mixed methods study aims to profile feeding practices, parent perceptions, and dietary diversity in a sample of children aged 0-5 years (n = 29) from Western Sydney, Australia. (2) Methods: In 2019, semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents, exploring their child's feeding practices. An online quantitative survey was used to assess children's feeding history. Nutrient intakes and dietary diversity scores were assessed using an online 24-h dietary recall. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA, while qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. (3) Results: The analysis showed that 27.6% of children were exclusively breastfed until 6 months of age and that 62.1% of children were introduced to solids before 6 months. Over 60% of children achieved minimum dietary diversity. The thematic analysis identified four themes, including mothers' feeding choices, mothers' perceptions of their children's diet, influences on feeding choices, and mothers' personal experiences. (4) Conclusions: The feeding history of over half the children in this sample indicated non-compliance with Australian and WHO infant feeding guidelines. The thematic analysis revealed various possible influences on parent feeding choices that can be used to inform targeted support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Iyer
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Katherine Kent
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Kaitlyn Brunacci
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
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Buckland G, Taylor CM, Emmett PM, Northstone K. Prospective association between adherence to UK dietary guidelines in school-age children and cardiometabolic risk markers in adolescence/early adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1766-1778. [PMID: 37066640 PMCID: PMC10587371 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Research into how alignment to UK dietary guidelines during childhood affects cardiometabolic health is limited. The association between adherence to UK dietary guidelines during childhood and overall cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adolescence/early adulthood was explored using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). ALSPAC children with diet diaries completed at 7, 10 and 13 years of age, and data on CMR markers at 17 years (n 1940) and 24 years (n 1957) were included. A children's Eatwell Guide (C-EWG) score was created by comparing dietary intakes at each age to UK dietary guidelines for nine foods/nutrients. Cardiometabolic health at 17 and 24 years was assessed using a composite CMR score. Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between C-EWG scores at 7, 10 and 13 years and the CMR score at 17 and 24 years, adjusting for confounders. C-EWG scores were generally low. However, a higher score (adherence to more dietary guidelines) at 7 years old was associated with a lower CMR score at 17 and 24 years: β -0·13 (95 % CI -0·25, -0·01) and β -0·25 (95 % CI -0·38, -0·13) for a 1-point increase in C-EWG score, respectively. A higher C-EWG score at 10 years was also associated with a lower CMR z-score at 24 years. No clear associations were evident at other ages. Greater adherence to UK dietary guidelines during mid-childhood was associated with a better overall cardiometabolic profile, suggesting that encouraging children to eat in this way has long-term benefits to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Buckland
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline M. Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pauline M. Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Buckland G, Northstone K, Emmett PM, Taylor CM. Adherence to UK dietary guidelines in school-aged children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:454-466. [PMID: 36305030 PMCID: PMC10331434 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Compliance to UK dietary recommendations was assessed in school-aged children from a population-based cohort: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). A Children's Eatwell Guide (C-EWG) score was developed to assess socio-demographic predictors of meeting dietary recommendations. ALSPAC children with plausible diet diary data at 7 years (n 5373), 10 years (n 4450) and 13 years (n 2223) were included in the study. Their dietary intakes (recorded between 1998 and 2006) were compared with dietary guidelines for total and saturated fats, free sugars, salt, fibre, protein, carbohydrates, fruit and vegetables, non-oily and oily fish and red/processed meat. The C-EWG score (0-9 points) indicated the number of recommendations met at each age. Cross-sectional associations between socio-demographic characteristics and C-EWG scores were assessed using multivariable regression. The lowest adherence to guidelines at 7 years was for sugar (0·1 % meeting recommendations), followed by fibre (7·7 %), oily fish (9·5 %), saturated fat (9·7 %) and fruit and vegetables (15·2 %). Highest adherence was for limiting red/processed meat (67·3 %) and meeting carbohydrate recommendations (77·3 %). At 7 years, 12·1 % of participants failed to meet any of the nine recommendations, 26·9 % met one and 28·2 % met two. Similar patterns were seen at 10 and 13 years. A lower social class and maternal educational attainment and higher maternal BMI were associated with meeting fewer recommendations. Most school-aged children in this cohort did not meet UK dietary recommendations, particularly children from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Additional public health initiatives are needed to improve the quality of UK children's diets, particularly targeting lower socio-economic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Buckland
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pauline M. Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline M. Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Li G, Yang L, Xu X, Chen M, Cai Y, Wen Y, Xie X, Lu X, Luo S, Lin S, Li H, Wu S. Physical Changes of Preschool Children during COVID-19 School Closures in Fujian, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13699. [PMID: 36294276 PMCID: PMC9602639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may constitute an "obesogenic lifestyle" that results in exacerbating childhood obesity. However, studies investigating regional sociodemographic factors including different age groups or sexes in children with obesity are lacking. We aimed to clarify the high obesity prevalence populations of preschool children to provide a regional basis for children's health policy during the COVID-19 school closures. From May to September 2019, a total of 29,518 preschool children were included in a large sample, multicenter cross-sectional study to explore physical status in Fujian Province by stratified cluster random sampling. In October 2019 and October 2020, we also conducted a cross-sectional study exploring physical development including changes in height, weight, and BMI of 1688 preschool children in Fuzhou before and after the COVID-19 school closures. Student' s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or chi-square test was used to assess differences in physical development and overweight and obesity rates among preschool children before and after school closures. For regional factors, the weight of urban preschool children of all ages became higher after the outbreak (p (age 3-4) = 0.009; p (age 4-5) < 0.001; p (age 5-6) = 0.002). For sex factors, overweight and obesity in boys had a greater prevalence than in girls before and after the outbreak. In four age groups, overweight and obesity rates in the 5-year-old group (15.5% and 9.9%) were higher than before (11.4% and 6.0%). The weight and BMI of 4- to 5-year-old children also increased faster than before (p < 0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic has promoted the epidemic of childhood obesity. Living in urban/coastal (economically developed) areas, boys, and aged 4-6 years old may be a susceptible population to obesity development after the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Li
- Department of Child Healthcare Centre, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xingyan Xu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yeying Wen
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xie
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Suping Luo
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shaowei Lin
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
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Manson AC, Johnson BJ, Zarnowiecki D, Sutherland R, Golley RK. The food and nutrient intake of 5- to 12-year-old Australian children during school hours: a secondary analysis of the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5985-5994. [PMID: 34493351 PMCID: PMC11148620 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE School food intake of Australian children is not comprehensively described in literature, with limited temporal, nationally representative data. Greater understanding of intake at school can inform school-based nutrition promotion. This study aimed to describe the dietary intake of primary-aged children during school hours and its contribution to daily intake. DESIGN This secondary analysis used nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 2011 to 2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Dietary intake was assessed using validated 24-h dietary recalls on school days. Descriptive statistics were undertaken to determine energy, nutrients, food groups and food products consumed during school hours, as well as their contributions to total daily intake. Associations between school food intake and socio-demographic characteristics were explored. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred and ninety-five children aged 5-12 years. RESULTS Children consumed 37 % of their daily energy and 31-43 % of select nutrient intake during school hours, with discretionary choices contributing 44 % of school energy intake. Most children consumed less than one serve of vegetables, meat and alternatives or milk and alternatives during school hours. Commonly consumed products were discretionary choices (34 %, including biscuits, processed meat), bread (17 %) and fruit (12 %). There were limited associations with socio-economic position variables, apart from child age. CONCLUSIONS Children's diets were not aligned with national recommendations, with school food characterised by high intake of discretionary choices. These findings are consistent with previous Australian evidence and support transformation of the Australian school food system to better align school food consumption with recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Manson
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
| | - Brittany J Johnson
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
| | - Dorota Zarnowiecki
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Golley
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
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Dutch DC, Golley RK, Johnson BJ. Diet Quality of Australian Children and Adolescents on Weekdays versus Weekend Days: A Secondary Analysis of the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011-2012. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114128. [PMID: 34836383 PMCID: PMC8621206 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily routines may influence children and adolescents’ eating patterns, however the influence of days of the week on dietary intake has rarely been explored. This study aimed to examine discretionary choices intake in the context of diet quality on weekdays versus weekends. A secondary analysis was conducted using the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012. Differences in discretionary choices intake and diet quality on weekdays versus weekends, were examined using ANCOVA analyses. Associations between child and parent-proxy characteristics and weekday/weekend discretionary choices intake were examined using multivariable regression models. Primary analyses included 2584 Australian 2–17-year-olds. There were small differences in discretionary choices intake and diet quality between weekdays and weekends in all age subgroups. Compared to weekdays, intakes on weekends were characterized by a higher intake of discretionary choices, and lower total Dietary Guidelines Index for Children and Adolescents (DGI-CA) scores across the age subgroups (all p < 0.01). Parent-proxy discretionary choices intake and child age were predictors of weekday and weekend discretionary choices intake. Parent-proxy obesity weight status compared with healthy weight status was a predictor of weekend intake, while parent-proxy education level was a predictor of weekday discretionary choices intake. Future intervention strategies should target discretionary choices intake on both weekdays and weekends.
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Onifade OM, Pringle KG, Rollo ME, Collins CE, Schumacher T, Rae KM. Dietary intake of Indigenous Australian infants and young children in the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort. Nutr Diet 2021; 78:386-396. [PMID: 33908693 PMCID: PMC8518589 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM The nutritional quality of foods consumed by infants and young children to complement breastfeeding or formula feeding influences growth and development. The aim of this study was to identify the dietary intake of Indigenous infants and young children in the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort, and evaluate the nutritional adequacy of their intake compared with Australian recommendations. METHODS Dietary intake was assessed using diet recalls at approximately 9-, 12- and 24-month visits. Nutrient values of foods were obtained from AUSNUT 2011-13 and nutrient intake compared to the Australian Nutrient Reference Values. Foods were categorised into food groups and intakes compared to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. RESULTS A total of 206 infants and young children were included in the study. Of these, 95 individual children had dietary data collected between 7.6 and 24.7 months. Infant formula and breastfeeding rates were highest among infants (70% and 20%, respectively). Cow's milk intake was highest among young children (75%). Infants and young children in the cohort met most macro- and micronutrient intake recommendations. Few young children met recommendation for iron (42%), no infant met recommendation for omega-3 fatty acids and almost all exceeded recommendation for sodium. Most young children met daily dairy and fruit recommendations although intake of discretionary foods was high. CONCLUSIONS This study found that diets of Indigenous infants and young children met most key nutrient reference targets. Potential target areas that require dietary optimisation have been identified and will be the focus of community-led strategies in adequate infant nutrition promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyepeju M. Onifade
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Pregnancy and Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kirsty G. Pringle
- Pregnancy and Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Biomedical Science and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Megan E. Rollo
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and NutritionUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Clare E. Collins
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and NutritionUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tracy Schumacher
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and NutritionUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Rural HealthUniversity of NewcastleTamworthNew South WalesAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Health BehavioursUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kym M. Rae
- Mater Research InstituteAubigny PlaceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandHerstonQueenslandAustralia
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Sangalli CN, Leffa PS, Valmórbida JL, Lumey LH, Vitolo MR. Impact of promoting healthy infant feeding practices on energy intake and anthropometric measures of children up to 6 years of age: A randomised controlled trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 34:771-783. [PMID: 34034359 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first 2 years of life are the window of opportunity to promote healthy feeding practices. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the impact of a health workers training in infant dietary guidelines on energy intake and anthropometric measurement into childhood. METHODS Cluster randomised field trial (NCT00635453) was conducted in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Healthcare centres were randomised into intervention (n = 9) and control (n = 11) groups. In intervention sites, health workers were trained to promote healthy feeding practices based on the Brazilian guideline for children's nutrition. Pregnant women who were in the last trimester of pregnancy were registered as potential mothers who would receive dietary counselling from the health workers. Energy and macronutrient intake and anthropometric measurements were obtained from children at ages 6 months, 12 months, 3 years and 6 years from low-income families. RESULTS At age 3 years, intervention group had lower consumption of energy [-92.5 kcal; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -153.5 to -31.5], carbohydrates (-11.9 g; 95% CI = -19.9 to -2.3), and total fat (-3.9 g; 95% CI = -6.2 to -1.2), compared to the control group. At 6 years of age, children in the intervention group had lower waist circumference (-1.3 cm; 95% CI = -2.7 to -0.0), triceps (-1.3 mm; 95% CI = -2.5 to -0.0) and subscapular skinfolds (-1.3 mm; 16 95% CI = -2.6 to -0.0) thickness measurements compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The health workers training to promote infant healthy feeding practices resulted in lower energy, carbohydrates and fat intake at 3 years and lower waist circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds measurements at 6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Sangalli
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula S Leffa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlia L Valmórbida
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics: Child and Adolescent Health Care, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L H Lumey
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Márcia R Vitolo
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics: Child and Adolescent Health Care, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Latter R, Brown LJ, Rae KM, Rollo ME, Schumacher TL. The role of socio-economic status and energy-density in Australian women of child-bearing age. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:718-728. [PMID: 32108966 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An optimal diet is imperative in preparing women for pregnancy and this may be influenced by socio-economic status (SES). This research aims to investigate the role of SES on the dietary energy density (ED) in Australian women of preconception age. METHODS A secondary analysis of the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011-12 for females aged 18-39 years (n = 1617) was conducted. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hr recalls and dietary ED by dietary energy per weight (kJ.g-1 ). ED was further categorised as ED of foods and beverages separately. SES was assessed by three variables: Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA), developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics; income decile; and level of education. Linear mixed model regressions were used to identify associations between ED and SES. RESULTS The median ED for food, beverages and combined food and beverages was 9.38 kJ g-1 , 1.02 kJ g-1 and 7.11 kJ g-1 , respectively. No significant variation was explained by SES variables when analysing combined ED in the adjusted model or ED from foods. Income decile reduced ED of beverages, although with little effect (coefficient: -0.04, P = 0.002). Significant confounders included inactivity, which increased ED in both combined ED and ED foods (coefficient: 0.51, P = 0.001 and coefficient: 0.78, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SES explained little variation in dietary ED in women of childbearing age. A large proportion of women had high energy-dense diets regardless of their SES. These findings suggest that a large proportion of women, who may become pregnant, have diets that exceed the international recommendations for dietary energy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Latter
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - L J Brown
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - K M Rae
- Mater Research Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M E Rollo
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - T L Schumacher
- Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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SOAR C, GABRIEL CG, NEVES JD, BRICARELLO LP, MACHADO ML, VASCONCELOS FDAGD. Factors associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables by schoolchildren: a comparative analysis between 2007 and 2012. REV NUTR 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202033e190260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective Perform comparative analysis of adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables and their associated factors in schoolchildren. Methods Probabilistic samples representative of students of both sexes, 7 to 14 years old, from public and private schools in Florianópolis, SC were investigated in cross-sectional studies in 2007 (n=2,836) and 2012 (n=2,506). The exposure variables were: sex, age, family income per capita, mother’s education and school system. The outcome variable (fruit and vegetable consumption) was collected using the third validated version of the previous day’s food questionnaire. Using the Chi-Square test, exposure variables with a p-value <0.20 were eligible for analysis using crude and adjusted multiple logistic regression models. Exposure variables with p<0.05 were considered to be associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Results There were no significant differences in the adequate consumption between 2007 and 2012. While in 2007 the per capita family income was the only exposure variable associated, in 2012 only a mother with complete higher education was a protective factor for the adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables Conclusion Despite governmental strategies to stimulate the consumption of fruits and vegetables in Brazil, their results are still not perceptible, requiring more time for an evaluation of effectiveness
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