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Vujić A, Djan M, Radenković S, Likov L, Ačanski J, Vujanović D, Veličković N, Pérez-Bañón C, Rojo S, Aracil A, Jordaens K, Ståhls G. A window on remarkable cryptic diversity of the Merodon planifacies subgroup (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Afrotropical Region. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:4. [PMID: 39382173 PMCID: PMC11462455 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
The genus Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) is one of the most species-rich hoverfly genera distributed across the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. In the Palaearctic, the genus Merodon boasts 195 described species, while its Afrotropical region pales in comparison, with a mere 17 species documented thus far. As a result of 8 years of fieldwork conducted in the Republic of South Africa, in this paper, we present the description of 11 new species for science with a description of immature stages for 2 species, which increases the diversity of this genus in the Afrotropical region by remarkable 39%. These revelations are based on integrating morphology, molecular analysis (COI gene and 28S rRNA) and geometric morphometry. All described species belong to the Merodon planifacies subgroup, the Merodon desuturinus lineage and, within that, to the Afrotropical Merodon melanocerus group. Additionally, we provide an illustrated key to 15 species belonging to the subgroup, a detailed discussion on relevant taxonomic characters, a morphological diagnosis, a distribution map and clarification of the association between M. capi complex and host plants from the genus Merwilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Vujić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihajla Djan
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Laura Likov
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Ačanski
- University of Novi Sad, BioSense Institute, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | - Celeste Pérez-Bañón
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences III, Campus of San Vicente, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Santos Rojo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences III, Campus of San Vicente, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Andrea Aracil
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences III, Campus of San Vicente, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Kurt Jordaens
- Department of Biology, Invertebrates Unit, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland
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Skema C, Jourdain-Fievet L, Dubuisson JY, Le Péchon T. Out of Madagascar, repeatedly: The phylogenetics and biogeography of Dombeyoideae (Malvaceae s.l.). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 182:107687. [PMID: 36581141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dispersals have been shown to be critical to the evolution of the long isolated but megadiverse flora of Madagascar and the surrounding islands of the western Indian Ocean, but we are just beginning to understand the directionality of these dispersals. With more than half of its species occurring in the western Indian Ocean region (WIOR), the paleotropical subfamily Dombeyoideae provides a particularly useful case study through which to better understand the biogeography of the WIOR, and yet its biogeography is poorly understood. Here we sampled six molecular markers from all 20 genera in the Dombeyoideae to reconstruct the most complete phylogeny to date for the subfamily. From this, divergence times, calibrated with three fossils (two dombeyoid, one malvoid), and ancestral range estimations were hypothesized. Biogeographic stochastic mapping (BSM) analyses on the maximum clade credibility tree were completed and compared to BSM analyses on 1,000 trees randomly sampled from the posterior distribution of trees resulting from the dating analysis. We found the Dombeyoideae crown node diverged ca. 53 million years ago out of a broad ancestral range involving all three major areas of its distribution: Madagascar, Africa, and Asia. The majority of diversification and dispersals in the subfamily occurred within the last ca. 10 million years, mostly from the Pliocene onwards. There were roughly five dispersals from Madagascar to Africa (and only one in reverse), at least six from Madagascar to surrounding islands of the WIOR (Mascarenes and Comoros), and one dispersal from Madagascar to Asia (and ca. 1 in reverse). Other long-distance dispersals included one from Africa to St. Helena and one from Africa to Australasia, both from within the most widespread clade, the Cheirolaena & allies clade, and one dispersal from Asia to Africa. Critically, the Dombeyoideae provide strong evidence for considering the island of Madagascar as a source for the colonization of continents, as well as the surrounding islands of the WIOR. Furthermore, narrow sympatry was a key process in the evolution of the subfamily, particularly in Madagascar and the Mascarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Skema
- Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, 100 E. Northwestern Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA.
| | - Lucile Jourdain-Fievet
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP 48, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Dubuisson
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP 48, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Timothée Le Péchon
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium; Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Service Général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique, 1 rue A. Lavallée, 1080 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Coyotee Howard C, Crowl AA, Harvey TS, Cellinese N. Peeling Back the Layers: First Phylogenomic Insights into the Ledebouriinae (Scilloideae, Asparagaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 169:107430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yousefzadeh H, Khodadost A, Abdollahi H, Ali SS, Kozlowski G, Bina H. Biogeography and phylogenetic relationships of Hyrcanian wild apple using cpDNA and ITS noncoding sequences. SYST BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2019.1583689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Yousefzadeh
- Department of Environmental Science; Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadost
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdollahi
- Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Syed Shujait Ali
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology (CBM), University of Swat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Gregor Kozlowski
- Department of Biology and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
- Natural History Museum Fribourg (NHMF), Chemin du Musée 6, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Hamid Bina
- Host/Pathogen Interaction & Biotechnology of Fruit Trees Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran
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Biogeography of the Malagasy Celastraceae: Multiple independent origins followed by widespread dispersal of genera from Madagascar. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 94:365-82. [PMID: 26432393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Of the 97 currently recognized genera of Celastraceae, 19 are native to Madagascar, including six endemics. In this study we conducted the most thorough phylogenetic analysis of Celastraceae yet completed with respect to both character and taxon sampling, and include representatives of five new endemic genera. Fifty-one new accessions, together with 328 previously used accessions of Celastrales, were sampled for morphological characters, two rDNA gene regions, and two plastid gene regions. The endemic Malagasy genera are resolved in two separate lineages-Xenodrys by itself and all other endemic genera in a clade that also includes four lineages inferred to have dispersed from Madagascar: Brexia madagascariensis (Mascarene Islands, coastal Africa), Elaeodendron (West Indies, Africa to New Caledonia), and Pleurostylia (Africa to New Caledonia). Of the 12 extant Malagasy Celastraceae lineages identified, eight are clearly of African origin. The origins of the remaining four lineages are less clear, but reasonable possibilities include America, Eurasia, Africa, southern India, Malesia, and Australia. Based on 95% credible age intervals from fossil-calibrated molecular dating, all 12 extant Malagasy Celastraceae lineages appear to have arisen following dispersal after the separation of Madagascar from other landmasses within the last 70 million years.
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Yu Y, Harris AJ, Blair C, He X. RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies): a tool for historical biogeography. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 87:46-9. [PMID: 25819445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We announce the release of Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies (RASP), a user-friendly software package for inferring historical biogeography through reconstructing ancestral geographic distributions on phylogenetic trees. RASP utilizes the widely used Statistical-Dispersal Vicariance Analysis (S-DIVA), the Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis (DEC) model (Lagrange), a Statistical DEC model (S-DEC) and BayArea. It provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to specify a phylogenetic tree or set of trees and geographic distribution constraints, draws pie charts on the nodes of a phylogenetic tree to indicate levels of uncertainty, and generates high-quality exportable graphical results. RASP can run on both Windows and Mac OS X platforms. All documentation and source code for RASP is freely available at http://mnh.scu.edu.cn/soft/blog/RASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China; Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, BioSci 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alan J Harris
- Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, 301 Physical Science, Stillwater, OK 74078-3013, USA.
| | - Christopher Blair
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, BioSci 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, 300 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Xingjin He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China.
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Chen C, Qi ZC, Xu XH, Comes HP, Koch MA, Jin XJ, Fu CX, Qiu YX. Understanding the formation of Mediterranean-African-Asian disjunctions: evidence for Miocene climate-driven vicariance and recent long-distance dispersal in the Tertiary relict Smilax aspera (Smilacaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:243-255. [PMID: 24975406 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tethyan plant disjunctions, including Mediterranean-African-Asian disjunctions, are thought to be vicariant, but their temporal origin and underlying causes remain largely unknown. To address this issue, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of Smilax aspera, a hypothesized component of the European Tertiary laurel forest flora. Thirty-eight populations and herbarium specimens representing 57 locations across the species range were sequenced at seven plastid regions and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region. Time-calibrated phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences were used to trace ancestral areas and biogeographical events. The deep intraspecific split between Mediterranean and African-Asian lineages is attributable to range fragmentation of a southern Tethyan ancestor, as colder and more arid climates developed shortly after the mid-Miocene. In the Mediterranean, climate-induced vicariance has shaped regional population structure since the Late Miocene/Early Pliocene. At around the same time, East African and South Asian lineages split by vicariance, with one shared haplotype reflecting long-distance dispersal. Our results support the idea that geographic range formation and divergence of Tertiary relict species are more or less gradual (mostly vicariant) processes over long time spans, rather than point events in history. They also highlight the importance of the Mediterranean Basin as a centre of intraspecific divergence for Tertiary relict plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, Institute of Plant Sciences, and Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, Institute of Plant Sciences, and Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, Institute of Plant Sciences, and Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hans Peter Comes
- Department of Organismic Biology, Salzburg University, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marcus A Koch
- Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics and Botanical Garden and Herbarium Heidelberg (HEID), Center for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin-Jie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, Institute of Plant Sciences, and Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Xiong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, Institute of Plant Sciences, and Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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