1
|
Pérez-Rubio P, Vendrell-Flotats M, Romero EL, Enemark-Rasmussen K, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Lavado-García J. Internalization of PEI-based complexes in transient transfection of HEK293 cells is triggered by coalescence of membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans like Glypican-4. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116893. [PMID: 38850653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer-cationic mediated gene delivery is a well-stablished strategy of transient gene expression (TGE) in mammalian cell cultures. Nonetheless, its industrial implementation is hindered by the phenomenon known as cell density effect (CDE) that limits the cell density at which cultures can be efficiently transfected. The rise in personalized medicine and multiple cell and gene therapy approaches based on TGE, make more relevant to understand how to circumvent the CDE. A rational study upon DNA/PEI complex formation, stability and delivery during transfection of HEK293 cell cultures has been conducted, providing insights on the mechanisms for polyplexes uptake at low cell density and disruption at high cell density. DNA/PEI polyplexes were physiochemically characterized by coupling X-ray spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our results showed that the ionic strength of polyplexes significantly increased upon their addition to exhausted media. This was reverted by depleting extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the media. The increase in ionic strength led to polyplex aggregation and prevented efficient cell transfection which could be counterbalanced by implementing a simple media replacement (MR) step before transfection. Inhibiting and labeling specific cell-surface proteoglycans (PGs) species revealed different roles of PGs in polyplexes uptake. Importantly, the polyplexes uptake process seemed to be triggered by a coalescence phenomenon of HSPG like glypican-4 around polyplex entry points. Ultimately, this study provides new insights into PEI-based cell transfection methodologies, enabling to enhance transient transfection and mitigate the cell density effect (CDE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Meritxell Vendrell-Flotats
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Elianet Lorenzo Romero
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Serra Hunter Lecturer Professor.
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jesús Lavado-García
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby Kgs 2800, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eusébio D, Paul M, Biswas S, Cui Z, Costa D, Sousa Â. Mannosylated polyethylenimine-cholesterol-based nanoparticles for targeted delivery of minicircle DNA vaccine against COVID-19 to antigen-presenting cells. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123959. [PMID: 38430949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA vaccines can be a potential solution to protect global health, triggering both humoral and cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines are valuable in preventing intracellular pathogen infections, and therefore can be explored against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). This work explored different systems based on polyethylenimine (PEI), functionalized for the first time with both cholesterol (CHOL) and mannose (MAN) to deliver parental plasmid (PP) and minicircle DNA (mcDNA) vectors encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). For comparative purposes, three different systems were evaluated: PEI, PEI-CHOL and PEI-CHOL-MAN. The systems were prepared at various nitrogen-to-phosphate group (N/P) ratios and characterized in terms of encapsulation efficiency, surface charge, size, polydispersity index (PDI), morphology, and stability over time. Moreover, in vitro transfection studies of dendritic cells (JAWS II) and human fibroblast cells were performed. Viability studies assured the biocompatibility of all nanocarriers. Confocal microscopy studies confirmed intracellular localization of systems, resulting in enhanced cellular uptake using PEI-CHOL and PEI-CHOL-MAN systems when compared with the PEI system. Regarding the RBD expression, PEI-CHOL-MAN was the system that led to the highest levels of transcripts and protein expression in JAWS II cells. Furthermore, the nanosystems significantly stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines production and dendritic cell maturation in vitro. Overall, mannosylated systems can be considered a valuable tool in the delivery of plasmid DNA or mcDNA vaccines to APCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalinda Eusébio
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Milan Paul
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus. Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus. Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
González-Domínguez I, Puente-Massaguer E, Lavado-García J, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Micrometric DNA/PEI polyplexes correlate with higher transient gene expression yields in HEK 293 cells. N Biotechnol 2022; 68:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
4
|
The dynamin-related protein 1 is decreased and the mitochondrial network is altered in Friedreich's ataxia cardiomyopathy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 143:106137. [PMID: 34923139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia is an autosomal recessive congenital neurodegenerative disease caused by a deficiency in the frataxin protein and is often diagnosed in young adulthood. An expansion of guanine-adenine-adenine repeats in the first intron of the FXN gene leads to decreased frataxin expression. Frataxin plays an essential role in mitochondrial metabolism. Most Friedreich ataxia patients are diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 60% of patients die with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the mitochondrial anatomy in Friedreich ataxia hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is still poorly understood. We investigated mitochondrial fission, fusion, and function using biochemical, microscopy, and computational stochastic analysis in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes from a patient with Friedreich ataxia hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a healthy individual. We found a significantly higher mitochondrial footprint, decreased mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein, and mitochondrial fission rate over fusion with more giant mitochondrial clusters in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes from a patient with Friedreich ataxia hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, compared to an unaffected individual. We also found significantly depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential and higher reactive oxygen species levels in Friedreich ataxia human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes. Our results show that frataxin's depletion may dampen the mitochondrial fission machinery by reducing dynamin-related protein1. The loss of mitochondrial fission might lead to elevated reactive oxygen species and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, which may cause oxidative damage in Friedreich ataxia hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Further investigations are needed to identify the mechanism of downregulating dynamin-related protein1 due to the frataxin deficiency in Friedreich ataxia hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Monnery BD. Polycation-Mediated Transfection: Mechanisms of Internalization and Intracellular Trafficking. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4060-4083. [PMID: 34498457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyplex-mediated gene transfection is now in its' fourth decade of serious research, but the promise of polyplex-mediated gene therapy has yet to fully materialize. Only approximately one in a million applied plasmids actually expresses. A large part of this is due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanism of polyplex transfection. There is an assumption that internalization must follow a canonical mechanism of receptor mediated endocytosis. Herein, we present arguments that untargeted (and most targeted) polyplexes do not utilize these routes. By incorporating knowledge of syndecan-polyplex interactions, we can show that syndecans are the "target" for polyplexes. Further, it is known that free polycations (which disrupt cell-membranes by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipid esters) are necessary for (untargeted) endocytosis. This can be incorporated into the model to produce a novel mechanism of endocytosis, which fits the observed phenomenology. After membrane translocation, polyplex containing vesicles reach the endosome after diffusing through the actin mesh below the cell membrane. From there, they are acidified and trafficked toward the lysosome. Some polyplexes are capable of escaping the endosome and unpacking, while others are not. Herein, it is argued that for some polycations, as acidification proceeds the polyplexes excluding free polycations, which disrupt the endosomal membrane by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, allowing the polyplex to escape. The polyplex's internal charge ratio is now insufficient for stability and it releases plasmids which diffuse to the nucleus. A small proportion of these plasmids diffuse through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), with aggregation being the major cause of loss. Those plasmids that have diffused through the NPC will also aggregate, and this appears to be the reason such a small proportion of nuclear plasmids express mRNA. Thus, the structural features which promote unpacking in the endosome and allow for endosomal escape can be determined, and better polycations can be designed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryn D Monnery
- Department of Organic and (Bio)Polymer Chemistry, Hasselt University, Building F, Agoralaan 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang Y, Feng Y, Cui L, Yang L, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Jiang X, Zhang X, Lv Y, Jia JZ, Zhang DX, Huang YS. Autophagy-Related LC3 Accumulation Interacted Directly With LIR Containing RIPK1 and RIPK3, Stimulating Necroptosis in Hypoxic Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679637. [PMID: 34368130 PMCID: PMC8344065 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact relationships and detailed mechanisms between autophagy and necroptosis remain obscure. Here, we demonstrated the link between accumulated autophagosome and necroptosis by intervening with autophagic flux. We first confirmed that the LC3 interacting region (LIR) domain is present in the protein sequences of RIPK1 and RIPK3. Mutual effects among LC3, RIPK1, and RIPK3 have been identified in myocardium and cardiomyocytes. Direct LC3-RIPK1 and LC3-RIPK3 interactions were confirmed by pull-down assays, and their interactions were deleted after LIR domain mutation. Moreover, after disrupting autophagic flux under normoxia with bafilomycin A1 treatment, or with LC3 or ATG5 overexpression adenovirus, RIPK1, RIPK3, p-RIPK3, and p-MLKL levels increased, suggesting necroptosis activation. Severe disruptions in autophagic flux were observed under hypoxia and bafilomycin A1 co-treated cardiomyocytes and myocardium and led to more significant activation of necroptosis. Conversely, after alleviating hypoxia-induced autophagic flux impairment with LC3 or ATG5 knockdown adenovirus, the effects of hypoxia on RIPK1 and RIPK3 levels were reduced, which resulted in decreased p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL. Furthermore, necroptosis was inhibited by siRNAs against RIPK1 and RIPK3 under hypoxia or normoxia. Based on our results, LIR domain mediated LC3-RIPK1 and LC3-RIPK3 interaction. Besides, autophagosome accumulation under hypoxia lead to necrosome formation and, in turn, necroptosis, while when autophagic flux was uninterrupted, RIPK1 and RIPK3 were cleared through an autophagy-related pathway which inhibited necroptosis. These findings provide novel insights for the role of LC3 in regulating cardiomyocyte necroptosis, indicating its therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of hypoxic myocardial injury and other hypoxia-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Zhi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Wound Repair, and Institute of Wound Repair, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bongaerts E, Aengenheister L, Dugershaw BB, Manser P, Roeffaers MBJ, Ameloot M, Nawrot TS, Bové H, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Label-free detection of uptake, accumulation, and translocation of diesel exhaust particles in ex vivo perfused human placenta. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:144. [PMID: 34001140 PMCID: PMC8130319 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnant women and developing fetuses comprise a particularly vulnerable population as multiple studies have shown associations between prenatal air pollution exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the observed developmental toxicity are mostly unknown, in particular, if pollution particles can cross the human placenta to reach the fetal circulation. Results Here, we investigated the accumulation and translocation of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), as a model particle for combustion-derived pollution, in human perfused placentae using label-free detection by femtosecond pulsed laser illumination. The results do not reveal a significant particle transfer across term placentae within 6 h of perfusion. However, DEPs accumulate in placental tissue, especially in the syncytiotrophoblast layer that mediates a wealth of essential functions to support and maintain a successful pregnancy. Furthermore, DEPs are found in placental macrophages and fetal endothelial cells, showing that some particles can overcome the syncytiotrophoblasts to reach the fetal capillaries. Few particles are also observed inside fetal microvessels. Conclusions Overall, we show that DEPs accumulate in key cell types of the placental tissue and can cross the human placenta, although in limited amounts. These findings are crucial for risk assessment and protection of pregnant women and highlight the urgent need for further research on the direct and indirect placenta-mediated developmental toxicity of ambient particulates. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00886-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bongaerts
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Leonie Aengenheister
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Battuja B Dugershaw
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pius Manser
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 703, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lavado-García J, Cervera L, Gòdia F. An Alternative Perfusion Approach for the Intensification of Virus-Like Particle Production in HEK293 Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:617. [PMID: 32637402 PMCID: PMC7318772 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have gained interest over the last years as recombinant vaccine formats, as they generate a strong immune response and present storage and distribution advantages compared to conventional vaccines. Therefore, VLPs are being regarded as potential vaccine candidates for several diseases. One requirement for their further clinical testing is the development of scalable processes and production platforms for cell-based viral particles. In this work, the extended gene expression (EGE) method, which consists in consecutive media replacements combined with cell retransfections, was successfully optimized and transferred to a bioreactor operating in perfusion. A process optimization using design of experiments (DoE) was carried out to obtain optimal values for the time of retransfection, the cell specific perfusion rate (CSPR) and transfected DNA concentration, improving 86.7% the previously reported EGE protocol in HEK293. Moreover, it was successfully implemented at 1.5L bioreactor using an ATF as cell retention system achieving concentrations of 6.8·1010 VLP/mL. VLP interaction with the ATF hollow fibers was studied via confocal microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis to design a bioprocess capable of separating unassembled Gag monomers and concentrate VLPs in one step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang D, Liu D, Deng H, Zhang J, Qin M, Yuan L, Zou X, Shao B, Li H, Dai W, Zhang H, Wang X, He B, Tang X, Zhang Q. Transferrin Functionization Elevates Transcytosis of Nanogranules across Epithelium by Triggering Polarity-Associated Transport Flow and Positive Cellular Feedback Loop. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5058-5076. [PMID: 31034211 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming the epithelial barriers to enhance drug transport is a focused topic for gastrointestinal, intratracheal, intranasal, vaginal, and intrauterine delivery. Nanomedicines with targeting functionization promote such a process owing to specific ligand-receptor interaction. However, compared to the cell uptake of targeting nanotherapies, currently few studies concentrate on their transcytosis including endocytosis for "in" and exocytosis for "out". In fact, the cellular regulatory mechanism for these pathways as well as the principle of ligand's effect on the transcytosis are almost ignored. Here, we fabricated transferrin (Tf) functionalized nanogranules (Tf-NG) as the nanomedicine model and confirmed the difference in polar distributions of Tf receptors (TfRs) between two epithelium models (bipolarity for Caco-2 and unipolarity for MDCK cells). Compared to the nonspecific reference, Tf-conjugation boosted the endocytosis by different pathways in two cell models and transformed the intracellular route of Tf-NG in both cells differently, affecting exocytosis, recycling, and degradation but not the secretion pathway. Only bipolar cells could establish a complete transport flow from "in" to "out", leading to the enhanced transcytosis of Tf-NG. Importantly, epithelia could make responses to Tf-NG transcytosis. Based on the quantitative proteomics, the intracellular trafficking of Tf-NG altered the protein expression profiles, in which the endocytosis- and transcytosis-related proteins were specifically upregulated. Particularly, only bipolar cells could positively feed back to such trafficking via accelerating the subsequent Tf-NG transcytosis. Here, all the cell transport of Tf-NG was polarity associated. In summary, Tf modification elevated the transcytosis of Tf-NG across the epithelium by triggering the polarity-associated transport flow and positive cell feedback loop. These findings provided an insight into the targeting nanodelivery for efficient transport through epithelial barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
- School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Dechun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Hailiang Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Mengmeng Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Lan Yuan
- Centre of Medical and Health Analysis , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xiajuan Zou
- Centre of Medical and Health Analysis , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Bin Shao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) , Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Huiping Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) , Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Wenbing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xing Tang
- School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
- School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| |
Collapse
|