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Integrated multimodality microscope for accurate and efficient target-guided cryo-lamellae preparation. Nat Methods 2023; 20:268-275. [PMID: 36646896 PMCID: PMC9911353 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is a revolutionary technique for resolving the structure of subcellular organelles and macromolecular complexes in their cellular context. However, the application of the cryo-ET is hampered by the sample preparation step. Performing cryo-focused ion beam milling at an arbitrary position on the sample is inefficient, and the target of interest is not guaranteed to be preserved when thinning the cell from several micrometers to less than 300 nm thick. Here, we report a cryogenic correlated light, ion and electron microscopy (cryo-CLIEM) technique that is capable of preparing cryo-lamellae under the guidance of three-dimensional confocal imaging. Moreover, we demonstrate a workflow to preselect and preserve nanoscale target regions inside the finished cryo-lamellae. By successfully preparing cryo-lamellae that contain a single centriole or contact sites between subcellular organelles, we show that this approach is generally applicable, and shall help in innovating more applications of cryo-ET.
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2
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Wouterlood FG. Techniques to Render Dendritic Spines Visible in the Microscope. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 34:69-102. [PMID: 37962794 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36159-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A tiny detail visible on certain neurons at the limit of resolution in light microscopy went in 130 years of neuroscience research through a dazzling career from suspicious staining artifact to what we recognize today as a complex postsynaptic molecular machine: the dendritic spine.This chapter deals with techniques to make spines visible. The original technique, Golgi silver staining, is still being used today. Electron microscopy and automated field ion beam scanning electron microscopy are ultrahigh resolution techniques, albeit specialized. Other methods are intracellular injection, uptake of dyes, and recently the exploitation of genetically modified animals in which certain neurons express fluorescent protein in all their processes, including the nooks and crannies of their dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris G Wouterlood
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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van der Wee EB, Fokkema J, Kennedy CL, Del Pozo M, de Winter DAM, Speets PNA, Gerritsen HC, van Blaaderen A. 3D test sample for the calibration and quality control of stimulated emission depletion (STED) and confocal microscopes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:909. [PMID: 34302049 PMCID: PMC8302645 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple samples are required to monitor and optimize the quality and reliability of quantitative measurements of stimulated emission depletion (STED) and confocal microscopes. Here, we present a single sample to calibrate these microscopes, align their laser beams and measure their point spread function (PSF) in 3D. The sample is composed of a refractive index matched colloidal crystal of silica beads with fluorescent and gold cores. The microscopes can be calibrated in three dimensions using the periodicity of the crystal; the alignment of the laser beams can be checked using the reflection of the gold cores; and the PSF can be measured at multiple positions and depths using the fluorescent cores. It is demonstrated how this sample can be used to visualize and improve the quality of STED and confocal microscopy images. The sample is adjustable to meet the requirements of different NA objectives and microscopy techniques and additionally can be used to evaluate refractive index mismatches as a function of depth quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest B van der Wee
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jantina Fokkema
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris L Kennedy
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Del Pozo
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - D A Matthijs de Winter
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Environmental Hydrogeology, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter N A Speets
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter and Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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4
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Okolo CA, Kounatidis I, Groen J, Nahas KL, Balint S, Fish TM, Koronfel MA, Cortajarena AL, Dobbie IM, Pereiro E, Harkiolaki M. Sample preparation strategies for efficient correlation of 3D SIM and soft X-ray tomography data at cryogenic temperatures. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2851-2885. [PMID: 33990802 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3D correlative microscopy methods have revolutionized biomedical research, allowing the acquisition of multidimensional information to gain an in-depth understanding of biological systems. With the advent of relevant cryo-preservation methods, correlative imaging of cryogenically preserved samples has led to nanometer resolution imaging (2-50 nm) under harsh imaging regimes such as electron and soft X-ray tomography. These methods have now been combined with conventional and super-resolution fluorescence imaging at cryogenic temperatures to augment information content from a given sample, resulting in the immediate requirement for protocols that facilitate hassle-free, unambiguous cross-correlation between microscopes. We present here sample preparation strategies and a direct comparison of different working fiducialization regimes that facilitate 3D correlation of cryo-structured illumination microscopy and cryo-soft X-ray tomography. Our protocol has been tested at two synchrotron beamlines (B24 at Diamond Light Source in the UK and BL09 Mistral at ALBA in Spain) and has led to the development of a decision aid that facilitates experimental design with the strategic use of markers based on project requirements. This protocol takes between 1.5 h and 3.5 d to complete, depending on the cell populations used (adherent cells may require several days to grow on sample carriers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidinma A Okolo
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Ilias Kounatidis
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | - Kamal L Nahas
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.,Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan Balint
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas M Fish
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Mohamed A Koronfel
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ian M Dobbie
- Micron Advanced Imaging Consortium, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eva Pereiro
- Beamline 09-MISTRAL, ALBA Synchrotron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
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5
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Kaabipour S, Hemmati S. A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:102-136. [PMID: 33564607 PMCID: PMC7849236 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The significance of silver nanostructures has been growing considerably, thanks to their ubiquitous presence in numerous applications, including but not limited to renewable energy, electronics, biosensors, wastewater treatment, medicine, and clinical equipment. The properties of silver nanostructures, such as size, size distribution, and morphology, are strongly dependent on synthesis process conditions such as the process type, equipment type, reagent type, precursor concentration, temperature, process duration, and pH. Physical and chemical methods have been among the most common methods to synthesize silver nanostructures; however, they possess substantial disadvantages and short-comings, especially compared to green synthesis methods. On the contrary, the number of green synthesis techniques has been increasing during the last decade and they have emerged as alternative routes towards facile and effective synthesis of silver nanostructures with different morphologies. In this review, we have initially outlined the most common and popular chemical and physical methodologies and reviewed their advantages and disadvantages. Green synthesis methodologies are then discussed in detail and their advantages over chemical and physical methods have been noted. Recent studies are then reviewed in detail and the effects of essential reaction parameters, such as temperature, pH, precursor, and reagent concentration, on silver nanostructure size and morphology are discussed. Also, green synthesis techniques used for the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) silver nanostructures have been reviewed, and the potential of alternative green reagents for their synthesis has been discussed. Furthermore, current challenges regarding the green synthesis of 1D silver nanostructures and future direction are outlined. To sum up, we aim to show the real potential of green nanotechnology towards the synthesis of silver nanostructures with various morphologies (especially 1D ones) and the possibility of altering current techniques towards more environmentally friendly, more energy-efficient, less hazardous, simpler, and cheaper procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kaabipour
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Shohreh Hemmati
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
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6
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Prabhakar N, Peurla M, Shenderova O, Rosenholm JM. Fluorescent and Electron-Dense Green Color Emitting Nanodiamonds for Single-Cell Correlative Microscopy. Molecules 2020; 25:E5897. [PMID: 33322105 PMCID: PMC7764487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is revolutionizing how cell samples are studied. CLEM provides a combination of the molecular and ultrastructural information about a cell. For the execution of CLEM experiments, multimodal fiducial landmarks are applied to precisely overlay light and electron microscopy images. Currently applied fiducials such as quantum dots and organic dye-labeled nanoparticles can be irreversibly quenched by electron beam exposure during electron microscopy. Generally, the sample is therefore investigated with a light microscope first and later with an electron microscope. A versatile fiducial landmark should offer to switch back from electron microscopy to light microscopy while preserving its fluorescent properties. Here, we evaluated green fluorescent and electron dense nanodiamonds for the execution of CLEM experiments and precisely correlated light microscopy and electron microscopy images. We demonstrated that green color emitting fluorescent nanodiamonds withstand electron beam exposure, harsh chemical treatments, heavy metal straining, and, importantly, their fluorescent properties remained intact for light microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Prabhakar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Markus Peurla
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN West, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olga Shenderova
- Adámas Nanotechnologies, Inc., 8100 Brownleigh Drive, Suite 120, Raleigh, NC 27617, USA;
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
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7
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Andrian T, Bakkum T, van Elsland DM, Bos E, Koster AJ, Albertazzi L, van Kasteren SI, Pujals S. Super-resolution correlative light-electron microscopy using a click-chemistry approach for studying intracellular trafficking. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 162:303-331. [PMID: 33707017 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) entails a group of multimodal imaging techniques that are combined to pinpoint to the location of fluorescently labeled molecules in the context of their ultrastructural cellular environment. Here we describe a detailed workflow for STORM-CLEM, in which STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM), an optical super-resolution technique, is correlated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This protocol has the advantage that both imaging modalities have resolution at the nanoscale, bringing higher synergies on the information obtained. The sample is prepared according to the Tokuyasu method followed by click-chemistry labeling and STORM imaging. Then, after heavy metal staining, electron microscopy imaging is performed followed by correlation of the two images. The case study presented here is on intracellular pathogens, but the protocol is versatile and could potentially be applied to many types of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Andrian
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Bakkum
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne M van Elsland
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J Koster
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sílvia Pujals
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Keevend K, Krummenacher R, Kungas E, Gerken LRH, Gogos A, Stiefel M, Herrmann IK. Correlative Cathodoluminescence Electron Microscopy: Immunolabeling Using Rare-Earth Element Doped Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004615. [PMID: 33090693 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of living systems and their building blocks relies on the assessment of structure-function relationships at the nanoscale. Although electron microscopy (EM) gives access to ultrastructural imaging with nanometric resolution, the unambiguous localization of specific molecules is challenging. An EM approach capable of localizing biomolecules with respect to the cellular ultrastructure will offer a direct route to the molecular blueprints of biological systems. In an approach departing from conventional correlative imaging, an electron beam may be used as excitation source to generate optical emission with nanometric resolution, that is, cathodoluminescence (CL). Once suitable luminescent labels become available, CL may be harnessed to enable identification of biomolecule labels based on spectral signatures rather than electron density and size. This work presents CL-enabled immunolabeling based on rare-earth element doped nanoparticle-labels allowing specific molecules to be visualized at nanoscale resolution in the context of the cellular ultrastructure. Folic acid decorated nanoparticles exhibiting single particle CL emission are employed to specifically label receptors and identify characteristic receptor clustering on the surface of cancer cells. This demonstration of CL immunotargeting gives access to protein localization in the context of the cellular ultrastructure and paves the way for immunolabeling of multiple proteins in EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerda Keevend
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, CH-9014, Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Roman Krummenacher
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, CH-9014, Switzerland
| | - Egle Kungas
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, CH-9014, Switzerland
| | - Lukas R H Gerken
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, CH-9014, Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, CH-9014, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stiefel
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Department Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, CH-9014, Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
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Keevend K, Coenen T, Herrmann IK. Correlative cathodoluminescence electron microscopy bioimaging: towards single protein labelling with ultrastructural context. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15588-15603. [PMID: 32677648 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of living systems and their building blocks relies heavily on the assessment of structure-function relationships at the nanoscale. Ever since the development of the first optical microscope, the reliance of scientists across disciplines on microscopy has increased. The development of the first electron microscope and with it the access to information at the nanoscale has prompted numerous disruptive discoveries. While fluorescence imaging allows identification of specific entities based on the labelling with fluorophores, the unlabelled constituents of the samples remain invisible. In electron microscopy on the other hand, structures can be comprehensively visualized based on their distinct electron density and geometry. Although electron microscopy is a powerful tool, it does not implicitly provide information on the location and activity of specific organic molecules. While correlative light and electron microscopy techniques have attempted to unify the two modalities, the resolution mismatch between the two data sets poses major challenges. Recent developments in optical super resolution microscopy enable high resolution correlative light and electron microscopy, however, with considerable constraints due to sample preparation requirements. Labelling of specific structures directly for electron microscopy using small gold nanoparticles (i.e. immunogold) has been used extensively. However, identification of specific entities solely based on electron contrast, and the differentiation from endogenous dense granules, remains challenging. Recently, the use of correlative cathodoluminescence electron microscopy (CCLEM) imaging based on luminescent inorganic nanocrystals has been proposed. While nanometric resolution can be reached for both the electron and the optical signal, high energy electron beams are potentially damaging to the sample. In this review, we discuss the opportunities of (volumetric) multi-color single protein labelling based on correlative cathodoluminescence electron microscopy, and its prospective impact on biomedical research in general. We elaborate on the potential challenges of correlative cathodoluminescence electron microscopy-based bioimaging and benchmark CCLEM against alternative high-resolution correlative imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerda Keevend
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St Gallen, Switzerland.
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KUBA JAKUB, MITCHELS JOHN, HOVORKA MILOŠ, ERDMANN PHILIPP, BERKA LUKÁŠ, KIRMSE ROBERT, KÖNIG JULIA, DE BOCK JAN, GOETZE BERNHARD, RIGORT ALEXANDER. Advanced cryo‐tomography workflow developments – correlative microscopy, milling automation and cryo‐lift‐out. J Microsc 2020; 281:112-124. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JAKUB KUBA
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s.r.o. Brno Czech Republic
| | - JOHN MITCHELS
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s.r.o. Brno Czech Republic
| | - MILOŠ HOVORKA
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s.r.o. Brno Czech Republic
| | - PHILIPP ERDMANN
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
| | - LUKÁŠ BERKA
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s.r.o. Brno Czech Republic
| | | | | | - JAN DE BOCK
- Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH Mannheim Germany
| | - BERNHARD GOETZE
- Thermo Fisher Scientific FEI Deutschland GmbH Planegg Germany
| | - ALEXANDER RIGORT
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
- Thermo Fisher Scientific FEI Deutschland GmbH Planegg Germany
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