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Mitchell G, Rainey D, Healy M, Anderson T, Stark P, Kalu FA, Monaghan C, Linden MA. Employing a serious game intervention to promote adolescent school children's perceptions of nursing and midwifery professions. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:372. [PMID: 38831364 PMCID: PMC11145870 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To test a serious game intervention about nursing and midwifery perceptions among adolescent school children. BACKGROUND Nursing and midwifery professions face challenges in recruitment, with persistent gender stereotypes and a lack of clarity regarding the roles contributing to this issue. This study addresses the need for innovative approaches to reshape perceptions and encourage career exploration in adolescent school children. DESIGN Employing a pre/post-test design, this study involved 137 post-primary students aged sixteen or seventeen in the United Kingdom. METHODS Data collection occurred between November 2022 to April 2023, involving three post-primary schools. Participants engaged with a digital serious game designed to address misconceptions and promote a more accurate understanding of nursing and midwifery. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, including an adapted version of the Nursing as a Career Choice Questionnaire. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and independent groups t-tests. RESULTS The serious game intervention resulted in statistically significant improvements in students' perceptions across multiple domains. Overall, participants showed higher mean post-test scores (M = 139.57, SD = 15.10) compared to their mean pre-test score (M = 131.06, SD = 14.73) on the questionnaire. The domains of self-efficacy (p < .001), job prospects (p < .001) and social influences (p < .001) exhibited the most substantial positive changes. Female participants showed higher perceptions than males in pre- and post-tests and students from all-girls schools consistently scored higher than those from all-boys and mixed-gender schools. CONCLUSIONS A serious game about the nursing and midwifery professions appears to be capable of changing perceptions of self-efficacy and job prospects related to nursing and midwifery professions. The study suggests that a serious game intervention may have the potential to change adolescent perceptions of nursing and midwifery professions which may lead to their considering of these when making future career choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Debbie Rainey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Maria Healy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tara Anderson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Patrick Stark
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Felicity Agwu Kalu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Catherine Monaghan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark A Linden
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Campus G, Maclennan A, von Hoyningen-Huene J, Wolf TG, Aerden M, Benyahya I, Bonaventura J, Brolese ELK, Linton JL, Gogilashvili K, Marron-Tarrazi I, Ilhan D, Iwasaki M, Grzech-Lesniak K, Perlea P, Thabet N. The Presence of Women in the Dental Profession: A Global Survey. Int Dent J 2024; 74:110-118. [PMID: 37748962 PMCID: PMC10865874 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to acquire knowledge about the female dental workforce, identifying factors to pursue specialty training and career choices and working in dental institutions/associations. METHODS An original online questionnaire was developed, validated (n = 22), and sent to 189 member associations in 133 countries of the Women Dentists Worldwide section of the FDI World Dental Federation. RESULTS In all, 3232 female dentists from 81 countries participated. Results were divided into 5 geographic areas by continent. Difference in proportion amongst questionnaire items was evaluated with χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Ordinal multinomial linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of questionnaire items with total work experience in dentistry (in years), motivation to study dentistry, type of specialisation, working hours per week, perception of female dentists about working hours, sex-based inequalities, job security after maternity leaves, as well as involvement in political organisations within their country of residence and their role in dental associations. A majority of participating female dentists are self-employed (57.7%), and 60.0% have 10 to 30 years of experience. The most popular form of practice is the single private practice (29.7%), followed by the group private practice (28.8%). Further, 44.8% work 31 to 40 h/wk, 29.1% part-time up to 30 h/wk, and 26.0% more than 40 h/wk. CONCLUSIONS Women are still poorly represented in professional organisations, and few are officers in representative assemblies, members of the board, or president. Family life with children influences perceptions and has an impact on professional life, especially in academia and political/professional associations, so that taking on leadership positions poses additional challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anastasia Maclennan
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michele Aerden
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Duygu Ilhan
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
| | - Makiko Iwasaki
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
| | | | - Paula Perlea
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva-Cointrin, Switzerland
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Qasba NT, Dowd P, Bianchet E, Goff SL. A qualitative study of clinicians' perspectives on a law that allows for a 12-month supply of short-acting contraceptives in Massachusetts: Barriers and facilitators to implementation. Health Serv Res 2023; 58:498-507. [PMID: 36414429 PMCID: PMC10012237 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore clinicians' perspectives regarding the Massachusetts 2017 law, 'An Act Relative to Advancing Contraceptive Coverage and Economic Security in Our State' (ACCESS), including awareness of the law, perceived barriers and facilitators to successful implementation, and recommendations to improve uptake. ACCESS requires all insurers, except self-insured businesses, to cover short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARCs) at no cost to patients and for a 12-month supply to be prescribed/dispensed if desired after the completion of a three-month trial. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING We collected primary data from clinicians in Massachusetts from February 1 to July 31, 2021. STUDY DESIGN Semi-structured interviews of a purposeful sample of Massachusetts clinicians who provide primary and/or women's health care were conducted via Zoom. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS Interview guide and codebook were created using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Interviews were analyzed using framework analysis, including deductive and inductive approaches. Major themes and subthemes were organized by a four-level model of the health care system: patient, care team (clinician), organization, and environment. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Most (58.1%) of the 31 participants were not aware of the law. Perceived advantages of this law included decreasing burden on patients, unnecessary clinical visits, and administrative burden on staff for refill requests. Perceived disadvantages focused on concerns that patients would lose their medications or devices (patient-level) and decreased clinician contact with patients (provider-level). Perceived organization- and environmental-level barriers to implementation included lack of electronic medical record (EMR) prescription defaults and insurance coverage issues. Many felt EMR modifications and more training for clinicians and pharmacists could lead to a change in practice. CONCLUSION Our study identifies potentially modifiable barriers to the implementation of the ACCESS law. Massachusetts clinicians' lack of awareness of the law demonstrates the need for statewide education, which may allow more eligible patients to obtain a 12-month SARC supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena T. Qasba
- Department of OBGYNUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical School‐BaystateSpringfieldMassachusettsUSA
| | - Patrick Dowd
- Office of ResearchUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical School‐BaystateSpringfieldMassachusettsUSA
| | - Elyse Bianchet
- Office of ResearchUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical School‐BaystateSpringfieldMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sarah L. Goff
- Department of Health Policy and PromotionUniversity of Massachusetts‐Amherst School of Public Health and Health SciencesAmherstMassachusettsUSA
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Craft-Blacksheare M, Kahn P. Midwives' and Other Perinatal Health Workers' Perceptions of the Black Maternal Mortality Crisis in the United States. J Midwifery Womens Health 2023; 68:62-70. [PMID: 36754854 PMCID: PMC10099225 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to identify how perinatal health workers, especially midwives, explained US Black maternal mortality and morbidity and what ameliorative measures they suggested across categories of primary social determinants, health care access, and provider practices. METHODS Using a mixed closed-ended and open-ended researcher-designed exploratory survey, 227 perinatal health workers responded to a series of questions probing views of causation and strategies for improvement. The closed-ended responses were summarized. Open-ended responses were analyzed using basic categorical and thematic coding. RESULTS Perinatal health workers' responses prominently identified racism as a cause of Black maternal morbidity and mortality, and their recommendations ranged across levels of social determination of health. DISCUSSION Results suggest that the views of perinatal health workers, the majority of whom were midwives, are complex and correspond to the problems and solutions identified in the research literature. Midwives and other perinatal health workers are well positioned to help center health equity in perinatal care, through both clinical practice and policy advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peggy Kahn
- Department of Political Science, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan
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Montayre J, Alananzeh I, Bail K, Barnewall K, Beament T, Campbell S, Carmody C, Chan A, Donnelly F, Duff J, Ferguson C, Gibson J, Harbour P, Ireland CJ, Liu XL, Luyke P, Maneze D, McDonall J, McTier L, Mulquiney T, O'Brien J, Pelentsov LJ, Ramjan LM, Reedy N, Richards GM, Roche MA, Smith BW, Benjamin JY, Theobald KA, Tori KE, Wall P, Wallis E, Yokota L, Zugai J, Salamonson Y. Development and psychometric testing of the gender misconceptions of men in nursing (GEMINI) scale among nursing students. Contemp Nurse 2022; 58:253-263. [PMID: 35881770 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2022.2107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misconceptions about men in nursing may influence recruitment and retention, further perpetuating the gender diversity imbalance in the nursing workforce. Identifying misconceptions and implementing early intervention strategies to address these deep-rooted stereotypes remain challenging but is considered critical to support students who are commencing a nursing career. OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the 'Gender Misconceptions of meN in nursIng (GEMINI) Scale. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS Pre-registration nursing students enrolled in undergraduate nursing programs across 16 nursing institutions in Australia were surveyed from July to September 2021. The 17-item self-report GEMINI Scale measured the gender misconceptions of men in nursing. RESULTS Of the 1410 completed surveys, data from 683 (45%) women were used for exploratory factor analysis showing a one factor structure, while data from 727 men (47%) were used for confirmatory factor analysis of the 17-item GEMINI Scale, which showed a good model fit. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.892). Men were found to have higher gender misconceptions (p < 0.001) while respondents who: a) identified nursing as their first career choice (p = 0.002); b) were in their final year of program enrolment (p = 0.016); and c) engaged in health-related paid work (p = 0.002) had lower gender misconceptions. CONCLUSION The GEMINI Scale is a robust, valid, reliable, and easy to administer tool to assess misconceptions about men in nursing, which may potentially influence academic performance and retention. Identifying and addressing specific elements of misconceptions could inform targeted strategies to support retention and decrease attrition among these students. IMPACT STATEMENT Genderism harms nursing, as well as the men and women working in the profession. Recruitment and retention of men into nursing is needed to cultivate male role models and diversify the workforce, however this is impeded by negative portrayals in popular culture and misconceptions entrenched in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed Montayre
- Senior Lecturer, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, , Twitter: @JedMontayre
| | | | - Kasia Bail
- Associate Professor, University of Canberra, Discipline of Nursing, Ageing Research Group,
| | - Kate Barnewall
- Lecturer, Griffith University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Tania Beament
- Director International, Edith Cowan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Steve Campbell
- Professor of Clinical Redesign, Nursing, University of Tasmania, School of Nursing, College of Health and Medicine,
| | - Cathy Carmody
- Lecturer, Griffith University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Alex Chan
- Lecturer, University of Wollongong, School of Nursing,
| | - Frank Donnelly
- Head of School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Nursing School,
| | - Jed Duff
- Chair of Nursing Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Healthcare Transformation,
| | - Caleb Ferguson
- Associate Head of School (Research), University of Wollongong, School of Nursing,
| | - Jo Gibson
- Senior Lecturer - Nursing, University of Canberra, School of Nursing, Midwifery & Public Health,
| | - Peta Harbour
- Deputy Head of School, Australian Catholic University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine,
| | - Colin J Ireland
- Lecturer, University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences,
| | - Xian-Liang Liu
- Undergraduate Honours Academic Lead
- Charles Darwin University, College of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Patricia Luyke
- Associate Lecturer, University of Southern Queensland, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Della Maneze
- Research Associate, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Jo McDonall
- Director of Undergraduate Studies, Deakin University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Lauren McTier
- Associate Head of School (Teaching and Learning), Deakin University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Tameeka Mulquiney
- Lecturer, Charles Sturt University, School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences,
| | - Jane O'Brien
- Lecturer, University of Tasmania, School of Nursing, College of Health and Medicine,
| | - Lemuel J Pelentsov
- Program Director, University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences,
| | - Lucie M Ramjan
- Associate Professor, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Natasha Reedy
- Bachelor of Nursing Program Director, University of Southern Queensland, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Gina M Richards
- Adjunct Lecturer, Edith Cowan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Michael A Roche
- Professor, University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, Adjunct Professor, University of Technology Sydney, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Brandon W Smith
- Research Assistant, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Jing-Yu Benjamin
- Associate Dean Research, Charles Darwin University, College of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Karen A Theobald
- Academic Lead Education, Queensland University of Technology, School of Nursing,
| | - Kathleen E Tori
- Associate Professor, University of Tasmania, School of Nursing,
| | - Peter Wall
- Lecturer, Murdoch University, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education,
| | - Emily Wallis
- Senior Lecturer, University of Canberra, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health,
| | - Luke Yokota
- Inaugural Chair, Australian College of Nursing, Men in Nursing Working Party,
| | - Joel Zugai
- Lecturer, The University of Notre Dame, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Midwifery and Health Sciences,
| | - Yenna Salamonson
- Professor, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, , Twitter: @salamonson
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