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Montayre J, Alananzeh I, Bail K, Barnewall K, Beament T, Campbell S, Carmody C, Chan A, Donnelly F, Duff J, Ferguson C, Gibson J, Harbour P, Ireland CJ, Liu XL, Luyke P, Maneze D, McDonall J, McTier L, Mulquiney T, O'Brien J, Pelentsov LJ, Ramjan LM, Reedy N, Richards GM, Roche MA, Smith BW, Benjamin JY, Theobald KA, Tori KE, Wall P, Wallis E, Yokota L, Zugai J, Salamonson Y. Development and psychometric testing of the gender misconceptions of men in nursing (GEMINI) scale among nursing students. Contemp Nurse 2022; 58:253-263. [PMID: 35881770 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2022.2107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misconceptions about men in nursing may influence recruitment and retention, further perpetuating the gender diversity imbalance in the nursing workforce. Identifying misconceptions and implementing early intervention strategies to address these deep-rooted stereotypes remain challenging but is considered critical to support students who are commencing a nursing career. OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the 'Gender Misconceptions of meN in nursIng (GEMINI) Scale. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS Pre-registration nursing students enrolled in undergraduate nursing programs across 16 nursing institutions in Australia were surveyed from July to September 2021. The 17-item self-report GEMINI Scale measured the gender misconceptions of men in nursing. RESULTS Of the 1410 completed surveys, data from 683 (45%) women were used for exploratory factor analysis showing a one factor structure, while data from 727 men (47%) were used for confirmatory factor analysis of the 17-item GEMINI Scale, which showed a good model fit. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.892). Men were found to have higher gender misconceptions (p < 0.001) while respondents who: a) identified nursing as their first career choice (p = 0.002); b) were in their final year of program enrolment (p = 0.016); and c) engaged in health-related paid work (p = 0.002) had lower gender misconceptions. CONCLUSION The GEMINI Scale is a robust, valid, reliable, and easy to administer tool to assess misconceptions about men in nursing, which may potentially influence academic performance and retention. Identifying and addressing specific elements of misconceptions could inform targeted strategies to support retention and decrease attrition among these students. IMPACT STATEMENT Genderism harms nursing, as well as the men and women working in the profession. Recruitment and retention of men into nursing is needed to cultivate male role models and diversify the workforce, however this is impeded by negative portrayals in popular culture and misconceptions entrenched in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed Montayre
- Senior Lecturer, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, , Twitter: @JedMontayre
| | | | - Kasia Bail
- Associate Professor, University of Canberra, Discipline of Nursing, Ageing Research Group,
| | - Kate Barnewall
- Lecturer, Griffith University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Tania Beament
- Director International, Edith Cowan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Steve Campbell
- Professor of Clinical Redesign, Nursing, University of Tasmania, School of Nursing, College of Health and Medicine,
| | - Cathy Carmody
- Lecturer, Griffith University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Alex Chan
- Lecturer, University of Wollongong, School of Nursing,
| | - Frank Donnelly
- Head of School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Nursing School,
| | - Jed Duff
- Chair of Nursing Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Healthcare Transformation,
| | - Caleb Ferguson
- Associate Head of School (Research), University of Wollongong, School of Nursing,
| | - Jo Gibson
- Senior Lecturer - Nursing, University of Canberra, School of Nursing, Midwifery & Public Health,
| | - Peta Harbour
- Deputy Head of School, Australian Catholic University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine,
| | - Colin J Ireland
- Lecturer, University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences,
| | - Xian-Liang Liu
- Undergraduate Honours Academic Lead
- Charles Darwin University, College of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Patricia Luyke
- Associate Lecturer, University of Southern Queensland, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Della Maneze
- Research Associate, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Jo McDonall
- Director of Undergraduate Studies, Deakin University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Lauren McTier
- Associate Head of School (Teaching and Learning), Deakin University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Tameeka Mulquiney
- Lecturer, Charles Sturt University, School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences,
| | - Jane O'Brien
- Lecturer, University of Tasmania, School of Nursing, College of Health and Medicine,
| | - Lemuel J Pelentsov
- Program Director, University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences,
| | - Lucie M Ramjan
- Associate Professor, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Natasha Reedy
- Bachelor of Nursing Program Director, University of Southern Queensland, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Gina M Richards
- Adjunct Lecturer, Edith Cowan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Michael A Roche
- Professor, University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, Adjunct Professor, University of Technology Sydney, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Brandon W Smith
- Research Assistant, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Jing-Yu Benjamin
- Associate Dean Research, Charles Darwin University, College of Nursing and Midwifery,
| | - Karen A Theobald
- Academic Lead Education, Queensland University of Technology, School of Nursing,
| | - Kathleen E Tori
- Associate Professor, University of Tasmania, School of Nursing,
| | - Peter Wall
- Lecturer, Murdoch University, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education,
| | - Emily Wallis
- Senior Lecturer, University of Canberra, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health,
| | - Luke Yokota
- Inaugural Chair, Australian College of Nursing, Men in Nursing Working Party,
| | - Joel Zugai
- Lecturer, The University of Notre Dame, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Midwifery and Health Sciences,
| | - Yenna Salamonson
- Professor, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, , Twitter: @salamonson
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