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Kasahara Y, Narukawa M, Ishimaru Y, Kanda S, Umatani C, Takayama Y, Tominaga M, Oka Y, Kondo K, Kondo T, Takeuchi A, Misaka T, Abe K, Asakura T. TMC4 is a novel chloride channel involved in high-concentration salt taste sensation. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:23. [PMID: 34429071 PMCID: PMC10717410 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
"Salty taste" sensation is evoked when sodium and chloride ions are present together in the oral cavity. The presence of an epithelial cation channel that receives Na+ has previously been reported. However, no molecular entity involving Cl- receptors has been elucidated. We report the strong expression of transmembrane channel-like 4 (TMC4) in the circumvallate and foliate papillae projected to the glossopharyngeal nerve, mediating a high-concentration of NaCl. Electrophysiological analysis using HEK293T cells revealed that TMC4 was a voltage-dependent Cl- channel and the consequent currents were completely inhibited by NPPB, an anion channel blocker. TMC4 allowed permeation of organic anions including gluconate, but their current amplitudes at positive potentials were less than that of Cl-. Tmc4-deficient mice showed significantly weaker glossopharyngeal nerve response to high-concentration of NaCl than the wild-type littermates. These results indicated that TMC4 is a novel chloride channel that responds to high-concentration of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kasahara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masataka Narukawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshicho Imakumano Higashiyama, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Ishimaru
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chie Umatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Aza-Higashiyama, Myodaijicho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Aza-Higashiyama, Myodaijicho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Thermal Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center On Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Aza-Higashiyama, Myodaijicho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kaori Kondo
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN-IMS, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN-IMS, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ayako Takeuchi
- Department of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, and Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Takumi Misaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), LiSE 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Tomiko Asakura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Abe K, Okada S, Ishijima T. The activities of the ILSI Japan endowed chair, at the University of Tokyo, regarding functional food genomics. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:35-39. [PMID: 33259622 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Abe
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Okada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishijima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sukumaran SK, Lewandowski BC, Qin Y, Kotha R, Bachmanov AA, Margolskee RF. Whole transcriptome profiling of taste bud cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7595. [PMID: 28790351 PMCID: PMC5548921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq data can provide insights into the specific functions of individual cell types that compose complex tissues. Here, we examined gene expression in two distinct subpopulations of mouse taste cells: Tas1r3-expressing type II cells and physiologically identified type III cells. Our RNA-Seq libraries met high quality control standards and accurately captured differential expression of marker genes for type II (e.g. the Tas1r genes, Plcb2, Trpm5) and type III (e.g. Pkd2l1, Ncam, Snap25) taste cells. Bioinformatics analysis showed that genes regulating responses to stimuli were up-regulated in type II cells, while pathways related to neuronal function were up-regulated in type III cells. We also identified highly expressed genes and pathways associated with chemotaxis and axon guidance, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying integration of new taste cells into the taste bud. We validated our results by immunohistochemically confirming expression of selected genes encoding synaptic (Cplx2 and Pclo) and semaphorin signalling pathway (Crmp2, PlexinB1, Fes and Sema4a) components. The approach described here could provide a comprehensive map of gene expression for all taste cell subpopulations and will be particularly relevant for cell types in taste buds and other tissues that can be identified only by physiological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Sukumaran
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Lewandowski
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yumei Qin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P.R. China
| | - Ramana Kotha
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Robert F Margolskee
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Profiling of cellular microRNA responses during the early stages of KSHV infection. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3293-3303. [PMID: 28707270 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes a variety of cancers, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). Host cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) play important post-transcriptional regulatory roles in gene expression and can greatly influence virus-host cell interactions. This study investigated cellular miRNA expression profiles operating in response to early stages of KSHV infection of human Burkitt lymphoma B cells (BJAB). We employed deep sequencing to analyze miRNA expression in KSHV-infected BJAB cells 15 min post infection (PI) and compared this to uninfected BJAB cells. A total of 32 known miRNAs and 28 novel miRNA candidates were differentially expressed in KSHV-infected compared to uninfected BJAB cells. Interestingly, miRNA expression profiles during the early stages of viral infection yielded comparable results when UV-inactivated KSHV was used. The deep sequencing results were further confirmed by performing real-time reverse transcription PCR. The target genes predicted to be regulated by both the known and novel miRNAs are mainly involved in assisting virus entry, inducing critical cell signaling, initiating transcription of immediate early genes, promoting latent infection, and modulating the host immune response. For the first time, we provide insight into the host cellular miRNA expression profiles in response to early stages of KSHV infection of human B cells. Furthermore, this study offers a valuable basis for further investigation on the roles of cellular miRNAs in the KSHV entry process.
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Yoshimoto J, Okada S, Kishi M, Misaka T. Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin-1 Is a Reliable Taste Bud Marker for In Situ Hybridization Analyses. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 64:205-15. [PMID: 26718243 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415626987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste signals are received by taste buds. To better understand the taste reception system, expression patterns of taste-related molecules are determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) analyses at the histological level. Nevertheless, even though ISH is essential for determining mRNA expression, few taste bud markers can be applied together with ISH. Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1) appears to be a reliable murine taste bud marker based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. However, there is no evidence as to whether UEA-1 can be used for ISH. Thus, the present study evaluated UEA-1 using various histochemical methods, especially ISH. When lectin staining was performed after ISH procedures, UEA-1 clearly labeled taste cellular membranes and distinctly indicated boundaries between taste buds and the surrounding epithelial cells. Additionally, UEA-1 was determined as a taste bud marker not only when used in single-colored ISH but also when employed with double-labeled ISH or during simultaneous detection using IHC and ISH methods. These results suggest that UEA-1 is a useful marker when conducting analyses based on ISH methods. To clarify UEA-1 staining details, multi-fluorescent IHC (together with UEA-1 staining) was examined, resulting in more than 99% of cells being labeled by UEA-1 and overlapping with KCNQ1-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joto Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (JY, SO, TM),Central Research Institute, Mizkan Holdings, Aichi, Japan (JY, MK)
| | - Shinji Okada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (JY, SO, TM)
| | - Mikiya Kishi
- Central Research Institute, Mizkan Holdings, Aichi, Japan (JY, MK)
| | - Takumi Misaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (JY, SO, TM)
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Mohrmann R, Dhara M, Bruns D. Complexins: small but capable. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4221-35. [PMID: 26245303 PMCID: PMC4611016 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive research, it is still unclear how an immediate and profound acceleration of exocytosis is triggered by appropriate Ca(2+)-stimuli in presynaptic terminals. This is due to the fact that the molecular mechanisms of "docking" and "priming" reactions, which set up secretory vesicles to fuse at millisecond time scale, are extremely hard to study. Yet, driven by a fruitful combination of in vitro and in vivo analyses, our mechanistic understanding of Ca(2+)-triggered vesicle fusion has certainly advanced in the past few years. In this review, we aim to highlight recent progress and emerging views on the molecular mechanisms, by which constitutively forming SNAREpins are organized in functional, tightly regulated units for synchronized release. In particular, we will focus on the role of the small regulatory factor complexin whose function in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis has been controversially discussed for more than a decade. Special emphasis will also be laid on the functional relationship of complexin and synaptotagmin, as both proteins possibly act as allies and/or antagonists to govern SNARE-mediated exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Mohrmann
- Zentrum für Human- und Molekularbiologie, University of Saarland, CIPMM, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany. .,Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, University of Saarland, CIPMM, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Madhurima Dhara
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, University of Saarland, CIPMM, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Dieter Bruns
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, University of Saarland, CIPMM, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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