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Mun J, Navarro N, Jeong S, Ouassil N, Leem E, Beyene AG, Landry MP. Near-infrared nanosensors enable optical imaging of oxytocin with selectivity over vasopressin in acute mouse brain slices. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314795121. [PMID: 38905241 PMCID: PMC11214003 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314795121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin plays a critical role in regulating social behaviors, yet our understanding of its function in both neurological health and disease remains incomplete. Real-time oxytocin imaging probes with spatiotemporal resolution relevant to its endogenous signaling are required to fully elucidate oxytocin's role in the brain. Herein, we describe a near-infrared oxytocin nanosensor (nIROXT), a synthetic probe capable of imaging oxytocin in the brain without interference from its structural analogue, vasopressin. nIROXT leverages the inherent tissue-transparent fluorescence of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and the molecular recognition capacity of an oxytocin receptor peptide fragment to selectively and reversibly image oxytocin. We employ these nanosensors to monitor electrically stimulated oxytocin release in brain tissue, revealing oxytocin release sites with a median size of 3 µm in the paraventricular nucleus of C57BL/6 mice, which putatively represents the spatial diffusion of oxytocin from its point of release. These data demonstrate that covalent SWCNT constructs, such as nIROXT, are powerful optical tools that can be leveraged to measure neuropeptide release in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewan Mun
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Nicole Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Sanghwa Jeong
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan50612, South Korea
| | - Nicholas Ouassil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Esther Leem
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | | | - Markita P. Landry
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA94158
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2
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Vellucci L, Ciccarelli M, Buonaguro EF, Fornaro M, D’Urso G, De Simone G, Iasevoli F, Barone A, de Bartolomeis A. The Neurobiological Underpinnings of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Psychosis, Translational Issues for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1220. [PMID: 37627285 PMCID: PMC10452784 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 25% of schizophrenia patients suffer from obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) considered a transdiagnostic clinical continuum. The presence of symptoms pertaining to both schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may complicate pharmacological treatment and could contribute to lack or poor response to the therapy. Despite the clinical relevance, no reviews have been recently published on the possible neurobiological underpinnings of this comorbidity, which is still unclear. An integrative view exploring this topic should take into account the following aspects: (i) the implication for glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin neurotransmission as demonstrated by genetic findings; (ii) the growing neuroimaging evidence of the common brain regions and dysfunctional circuits involved in both diseases; (iii) the pharmacological modulation of dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and glutamatergic systems as current therapeutic strategies in schizophrenia OCS; (iv) the recent discovery of midbrain dopamine neurons and dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors as orchestrating hubs in repetitive and psychotic behaviors; (v) the contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits to both psychosis and OCD neurobiology. Finally, we discuss the potential role of the postsynaptic density as a structural and functional hub for multiple molecular signaling both in schizophrenia and OCD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry University Medical School of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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3
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Nabinger DD, Altenhofen S, Buatois A, Facciol A, Peixoto JV, da Silva JMK, Chatterjee D, Rübensam G, Gerlai R, Bonan CD. Acute administration of a dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist alters behavioral and neural parameters in adult zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110753. [PMID: 36934998 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The dopaminergic neurotransmitter system is implicated in several brain functions and behavioral processes. Alterations in it are associated with the pathogenesis of several human neurological disorders. Pharmacological agents that interact with the dopaminergic system allow the investigation of dopamine-mediated cellular and molecular responses and may elucidate the biological bases of such disorders. Zebrafish, a translationally relevant biomedical research organism, has been successfully employed in prior psychopharmacology studies. Here, we evaluated the effects of quinpirole (dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist) in adult zebrafish on behavioral parameters, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotransmitter levels. Zebrafish received intraperitoneal injections of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg quinpirole or saline (control group) twice with an inter-injection interval of 48 h. All tests were performed 24 h after the second injection. After this acute quinpirole administration, zebrafish exhibited decreased locomotor activity, increased anxiety-like behaviors and memory impairment. However, quinpirole did not affect social and aggressive behavior. Quinpirole-treated fish exhibited stereotypic swimming, characterized by repetitive behavior followed by immobile episodes. Moreover, quinpirole treatment also decreased the number of BDNF-immunoreactive cells in the zebrafish brain. Analysis of neurotransmitter levels demonstrated a significant increase in glutamate and a decrease in serotonin, while no alterations were observed in dopamine. These findings demonstrate that dopaminergic signaling altered by quinpirole administration results in significant behavioral and neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system of zebrafish. Thus, we conclude that the use of quinpirole administration in adult zebrafish may be an appropriate tool for the analysis of mechanisms underlying neurological disorders related to the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Dreher Nabinger
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexis Buatois
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Facciol
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Vasconcellos Peixoto
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria Kuhl da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Rübensam
- Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia (INTOX), Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Escobar AP, Martínez-Pinto J, Silva-Olivares F, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Moya PR. Altered Grooming Syntax and Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in EAAT3 Overexpressing Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:661478. [PMID: 34234648 PMCID: PMC8255620 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.661478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT3 plays an important role in the neuronal uptake of glutamate regulating the activation of glutamate receptors. Polymorphisms in the gene-encoding EAAT3 have been associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), although the mechanisms underlying this relationship are still unknown. We recently reported that mice with increased EAAT3 expression in forebrain neurons (EAAT3 g lo /CMKII) display behavioral and synaptic features relevant to OCD, including increased grooming, higher anxiety-like behavior and altered cortico-striatal synaptic function. The dopamine neurotransmitter system is implicated in ritualistic behaviors. Indeed, dopaminergic neurons express EAAT3, and mice lacking EAAT3 exhibit decreased dopamine release and decreased expression of the dopamine D1 receptor. Moreover, EAAT3 plays a role on the effect of the psychostimulant amphetamine. As such, we sought to determine if the OCD-like behavior in EAAT3 g lo /CMKII mice is accompanied by altered nigro-striatal dopaminergic transmission. The aim of this study was to analyze dopamine transmission both in basal conditions and after an acute challenge of amphetamine, using behavioral, neurochemical, molecular, and cellular approaches. We found that in basal conditions, EAAT3 g lo /CMKII mice performed more grooming events and that they remained in phase 1 of the grooming chain syntax compared with control littermates. Administration of amphetamine increased the number of grooming events in control mice, while EAAT3 g lo /CMKII mice remain unaffected. Interestingly, the grooming syntax of amphetamine-control mice resembled that of EAAT3 g lo /CMKII mice in basal conditions. Using in vivo microdialysis, we found decreased basal dopamine levels in EAAT3 g lo /CMKII compared with control mice. Unexpectedly, we found that after acute amphetamine, EAAT3 g lo /CMKII mice had a higher release of dopamine compared with that of control mice, suggesting that EAAT3 overexpression leads to increased dopamine releasability. To determine postsynaptic effect of EAAT3 overexpression over dopamine transmission, we performed Western blot analysis of dopaminergic proteins and found that EAAT3 g lo /CMKII mice have higher expression of D2 receptors, suggesting a higher inhibition of the indirect striatal pathway. Together, the data indicate that EAAT3 overexpression impacts on dopamine transmission, making dopamine neurons more sensitive to the effect of amphetamine and leading to a disbalance between the direct and indirect striatal pathways that favors the performance of repetitive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica P Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Francisco Silva-Olivares
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Pablo R Moya
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
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5
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Knockout or Knock-in? A Truncated D2 Receptor Protein Is Expressed in the Brain of Functional D2 Receptor Knockout Mice. NEUROSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Null mice for the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) have been instrumental in understanding the function of this protein. For our research, we obtained the functional D2R knockout mouse strain described initially in 1997. Surprisingly, our biochemical characterization showed that this mouse strain is not a true knockout. We determined by sequence analysis of the rapid 3′ amplification of cDNA ends that functional D2R knockout mice express transcripts that lack only the eighth exon. Furthermore, immunofluorescence assays showed a D2R-like protein in the brain of functional D2R knockout mice. We verified by immunofluorescence that the recombinant truncated D2R is expressed in HEK293T cells, showing intracellular localization, colocalizing in the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum, but with less presence in the Golgi apparatus compared to the native D2R. As previously reported, functional D2R knockout mice are hypoactive and insensitive to the D2R agonist quinpirole. Concordantly, microdialysis studies confirmed that functional D2R knockout mice have lower extracellular dopamine levels in the striatum than the native mice. In conclusion, functional D2R knockout mice express transcripts that lead to a truncated D2R protein lacking from the sixth transmembrane domain to the C-terminus. We share these findings to avoid future confusion and the community considers this mouse strain in D2R traffic and protein–protein interaction studies.
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Qiao H, Yang S, Xu C, Ma XM, An SC. Involvement of D2 receptor in the NAc in chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression-like behaviors. Stress 2020; 23:318-327. [PMID: 31556781 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1673361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
D2 receptors (D2Rs) located in both pre- and postsynaptic membranes of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are involved in the stress response and associated behaviors. The role of D2Rs in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depression-like behaviors is not clear. Quinpirole (a D2R agonist) and eticlopride (a D2R antagonist) were stereotactically delivered into the NAc before Sprague Dawley rats underwent CUS. CUS-induced depression-like behaviors were accompanied by a significant decrease in both the dopamine (DA) level and D2R expression in the NAc. Eticlopride reversed CUS-induced depression-like behavior and rescued the DA levels in the NAc, and microinjection of DA into the NAc of CUS individuals had the same effect as eticlopride. By contrast, delivery of quinpirole into the NAc of control animals induced depression-like behaviors accompanied by a decrease in the DA level in the NAc. These results show that DA plays a key role in CUS-induced depression-like behaviors and the D2R exerts a presynaptic negative feedback on DA levels during CUS. Microinjection of quinpirole into the NAc also decreased the level of the kalirin-7 protein in the NAc of both control and stressed animals, while eticlopride increased its level in the NAc of rats. In agreement with these results, intraperitoneal injection of eticlopride in mice also caused an increase in both the kalirin-7 protein level in the NAc and spine density in MSNs, while quinpirole reduced them. These results suggest that regulation of kalirin-7 through D2R in the NAc is a general pathway in rats and mice, and is involved in CUS-induced depression-like behaviors. Kalirin-7 may be directly regulated through the D2R postsynaptic pathway or indirectly through the presynaptic pathway in the NAc. The interaction between D2R and kalirin-7 needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiao
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Ming Ma
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shu-Cheng An
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Escobar ADP, Casanova JP, Andrés ME, Fuentealba JA. Crosstalk Between Kappa Opioid and Dopamine Systems in Compulsive Behaviors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:57. [PMID: 32132923 PMCID: PMC7040183 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of goal-oriented behaviors is regulated by midbrain dopamine neurons. Dysfunctions of dopaminergic circuits are observed in drug addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compulsive behavior is a feature that both disorders share, which is associated to a heightened dopamine neurotransmission. The activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is principally regulated by the homeostatic action of dopamine through D2 receptors (D2R) that decrease the firing of neurons as well as dopamine synthesis and release. Dopamine transmission is also regulated by heterologous neurotransmitter systems such as the kappa opioid system, among others. Much of our current knowledge of the kappa opioid system and its influence on dopamine transmission comes from preclinical animal models of brain diseases. In 1988, using cerebral microdialysis, it was shown that the acute activation of the Kappa Opioid Receptors (KOR) decreases synaptic levels of dopamine in the striatum. This inhibitory effect of KOR opposes to the facilitating influence of drugs of abuse on dopamine release, leading to the proposition of the use of KOR agonists as pharmacological therapy for compulsive drug intake. Surprisingly, 30 years later, KOR antagonists are instead proposed to treat drug addiction. What may have happened during these years that generated this drastic change of paradigm? The collected evidence suggested that the effect of KOR on synaptic dopamine levels is complex, depending on the frequency of KOR activation and timing with other incoming stimuli to dopamine neurons, as well as sex and species differences. Conversely to its acute effect, chronic KOR activation seems to facilitate dopamine neurotransmission and dopamine-mediated behaviors. The opposing actions exerted by acute versus chronic KOR activation have been associated with an initial aversive and a delayed rewarding effect, during the exposure to drugs of abuse. Compulsive behaviors induced by repeated activation of D2R are also potentiated by the sustained co-activation of KOR, which correlates with decreased synaptic levels of dopamine and sensitized D2R. Thus, the time-dependent activation of KOR impacts directly on dopamine levels affecting the tuning of motivated behaviors. This review analyzes the contribution of the kappa opioid system to the dopaminergic correlates of compulsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Del Pilar Escobar
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - José Patricio Casanova
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Núcleo Milenio NUMIND Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María Estela Andrés
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Antonio Fuentealba
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Harris HN, Peng YB. Evidence and explanation for the involvement of the nucleus accumbens in pain processing. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:597-605. [PMID: 31638081 PMCID: PMC6975138 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a subcortical brain structure known primarily for its roles in pleasure, reward, and addiction. Despite less focus on the NAc in pain research, it also plays a large role in the mediation of pain and is effective as a source of analgesia. Evidence for this involvement lies in the NAc’s cortical connections, functions, pharmacology, and therapeutic targeting. The NAc projects to and receives information from notable pain structures, such as the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, periaqueductal gray, habenula, thalamus, etc. Additionally, the NAc and other pain-modulating structures share functions involving opioid regulation and motivational and emotional processing, which each work beyond simply the rewarding experience of pain offset. Pharmacologically speaking, the NAc responds heavily to painful stimuli, due to its high density of μ opioid receptors and the activation of several different neurotransmitter systems in the NAc, such as opioids, dopamine, calcitonin gene-related peptide, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and substance P, each of which have been shown to elicit analgesic effects. In both preclinical and clinical models, deep brain stimulation of the NAc has elicited successful analgesia. The multi-functional NAc is important in motivational behavior, and the motivation for avoiding pain is just as important to survival as the motivation for seeking pleasure. It is possible, then, that the NAc must be involved in both pleasure and pain in order to help determine the motivational salience of positive and negative events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley N Harris
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Yuan B Peng
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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9
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GPRIN3 Controls Neuronal Excitability, Morphology, and Striatal-Dependent Behaviors in the Indirect Pathway of the Striatum. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7513-7528. [PMID: 31363062 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2454-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the striatum by the GPCR signaling through neuromodulators is essential for its physiology and physiopathology, so it is necessary to know all the compounds of these pathways. In this study, we identified a new important partner of the dopaminergic pathway: GPRIN3 (a member of the GPRIN family). GPRIN3 is highly expressed in the striatum but with undefined function. Cell sorting of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in indirect MSNs and direct MSNs indicated the presence of the GPRIN3 gene in both populations with a preferential expression in indirect MSNs. This led us to generate GPRIN3 KO mice by CRISPR/Cas9 and test male animals to access possible alterations in morphological, electrophysiological, and behavioral parameters following its absence. 3D reconstruction analysis of MSNs revealed increased neuronal arborization in GPRIN3 KO and modified passive and active electrophysiological properties. These cellular alterations were coupled with increased motivation and cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. Additionally, using a specific indirect MSN knockdown, we showed a preferential role for GPRIN3 in indirect MSNs related to the D2R signaling. Together, these results show that GPRIN3 is a mediator of D2R function in the striatum playing a major role in striatal physiology.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The striatum is the main input of the basal ganglia processing information from different brain regions through the combined actions of direct pathway neurons and indirect pathway neurons. Both neuronal populations are defined by the expression of dopamine D1R or D2R GPCRs, respectively. How these neurons signal to the respective G-protein is still debatable. Here we identified GPRIN3 as a putative selective controller of D2R function in the striatum playing a critical role in striatal-associated behaviors and cellular functions. This study represents the identification of a new target to tackle striatal dysfunction associated with the D2R, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and drug addiction.
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10
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Changes in gut microbiota during development of compulsive checking and locomotor sensitization induced by chronic treatment with the dopamine agonist quinpirole. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 29:211-224. [PMID: 29194070 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-term treatment of rats with the D2/D3 dopamine agonist quinpirole induces compulsive checking (proposed as animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder) and locomotor sensitization. The mechanisms by which long-term use of quinpirole produces those behavioral transformations are not known. Here we examined whether changes in gut microbiota play a role in these behavioral phenomena, by monitoring the development of compulsive checking and locomotor sensitization at the same time as measuring the response of gut microbiota to chronic quinpirole injections. Two groups of rats received nine injections of saline (n=16) or quinpirole (n=15; 0.25 mg/kg), at weekly intervals for the first 5 weeks and then two injections per week until the end of treatment. After each injection, rats were placed on a large open field for 55 min, and their behavior was video recorded for subsequent analysis. Fecal matter was collected after each trial and frozen for bacterial community profiling of the 16S rRNA gene, using paired-end reads of the V3 region. The results indicated that the induction of locomotor sensitization and compulsive checking was accompanied by changes in several communities of bacteria belonging to the order Clostridiales (class Clostridia, phylum Firmicutes), and predominantly in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families of bacteria. It is suggested that changes in these microbes may serve to support the energy use requirements of compulsive checking and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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11
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Prados-Pardo Á, Martín-González E, Mora S, Merchán A, Flores P, Moreno M. Increased Fear Memory and Glutamatergic Modulation in Compulsive Drinker Rats Selected by Schedule-Induced Polydipsia. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:100. [PMID: 31133835 PMCID: PMC6514533 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compulsive behavior is observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, depression, phobia, and schizophrenia. Thus, compulsivity has been proposed as a transdiagnostic symptom with a highly variable pharmacological treatment. Recent evidence shows that glutamate pharmacotherapy may be of benefit in impaired inhibitory control. The purpose of the present study was: first, to test the comorbidity between compulsivity and other neuropsychiatric symptoms on different preclinical behavioral models; second, to assess the therapeutic potential of different glutamate modulators in a preclinical model of compulsivity. Long Evans rats were selected as either high (HD) or low (LD) drinkers corresponding with their water intake in schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP). We assessed compulsivity in LD and HD rats by marble burying test (MBT), depression by forced swimming test (FST), anxiety by elevated plus maze (EPM) and fear behavior by fear conditioning (FC) test. After that, we measured the effects of acute administration (i.p.) of glutamatergic drugs: N-Acetylcysteine (NAC; 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), memantine (3.1 and 6.2 mg/kg) and lamotrigine (15 and 30 mg/kg) on compulsive drinking on SIP. The results obtained showed a relation between high compulsive drinking on SIP and a higher number of marbles partially buried in MBT, as well as a higher percentage of freezing on the retrieval day of FC test. We did not detect any significant differences between LD and HD rats in FST, nor in EPM. The psychopharmacological study of glutamatergic drugs revealed that memantine and lamotrigine, at all doses tested, decreased compulsive water consumption in HD rats compared to LD rats on SIP. NAC did not produce any significant effect on SIP. These results indicate that the symptom clusters of different forms of compulsivity and phobia might be found in the compulsive phenotype of HD rats selected by SIP. The effects of memantine and lamotrigine in HD rats point towards a dysregulation in the glutamatergic signaling as a possible underlying mechanism in the vulnerability to compulsive behavior on SIP. Further studies on SIP, could help to elucidate the therapeutic role of glutamatergic drugs as a pharmacological strategy on compulsive spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Prados-Pardo
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-González
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
| | - Santiago Mora
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
| | - Ana Merchán
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
| | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
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Servaes S, Glorie D, Stroobants S, Staelens S. Neuroreceptor kinetics in rats repeatedly exposed to quinpirole as a model for OCD. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213313. [PMID: 30845202 PMCID: PMC6405120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, incapacitating, early onset psychiatric disorder that is characterized by obsessions and compulsions originating from a disturbance in the cortico-striato-thalamico-cortical circuit. We implemented the preclinical quinpirole (QP) rat model for compulsive checking in OCD to analyse the behaviour and visualize the D2R, mGluR5 and GLT1 density in order to contribute to the understanding of the neuroreceptor kinetics. Methods Animals (n = 14) were exposed to either saline (1 mL/kg) or QP (dopamine D2-agonist, 0.5 mg/kg) twice-weekly during 7 weeks. After each injection animals were placed on an open field test. After model setup, animals were placed in a behavioural cage equipped with tracking software and hardware in order to analyse the behaviour. Subsequently, sagittal slides were made of the CP in the right hemisphere and a staining was done with the D2R, mGluR5 and GLT-1 antibody to visualize the corresponding receptor. Results The QP animals displayed a strong increase in travelled distance (+596.70%) and in the number of homebase visits (+1222.90%) compared to the control animals. After chronic exposure to QP, animals had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage of D2R density in the CP (7.92% ± 0.48%) versus 6.66% ± 0.28% in animals treated with saline. There were no differences for mGluR5 and GLT1 receptor density. Conclusions Chronic exposure to QP leads to hyperlocomotion and an increase in D2R density. Furthermore, as mGluR5 and GLT1 density did not seem to be directly affected, decreased levels of glutamate might have influenced the binding potential in earlier reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Servaes
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien Glorie
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Janikova M, Brozka H, Radostova D, Svoboda J, Stuchlik A. No effect of riluzole and memantine on learning deficit following quinpirole sensitization - An animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:241-247. [PMID: 30826389 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic quinpirole (QNP) sensitization is an established animal model relevant to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that has been previously shown to induce several OCD-like behavioral patterns, such as compulsive-like checking and increased locomotion. OBJECTIVES In current study we explored the effect of antiglutamatergic drugs, memantine and riluzole, on cognitive and behavioral performance of QNP sensitized rats. METHODS During habituation phase, the rats (N = 56) were injected with QNP (0.25 mg/kg) or saline solution (every other day up to 10 injections) and placed into rotating arena without foot shocks for 50-min exploration. Active place avoidance task in rotating arena with unmarked to-be-avoided shock sector was used during acquisition phase. Rats were injected with memantine (1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg), riluzole (1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg) or saline solution 30 min before the trial and with QNP (0.25 mg/kg) or saline right before they were placed inside the rotating arena with 60° unmarked shock sector. Locomotion and number of entrances into the shock sector were recorded. RESULTS QNP sensitization led to a robust deficit in place learning. However, neither memantine nor riluzole did reverse or alleviate the deficit induced by QNP. Contrarily, memantine significantly aggravated QNP induced deficit. CONCLUSIONS The exacerbation of cognitive deficit following antiglutamatergic agents could be mediated by decreased glutamate concentration in nucleus accumbens and decreased hippocampal activation in the QNP sensitization model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Janikova
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Brozka
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Radostova
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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van den Brink WJ, Palic S, Köhler I, de Lange ECM. Access to the CNS: Biomarker Strategies for Dopaminergic Treatments. Pharm Res 2018; 35:64. [PMID: 29450650 PMCID: PMC5814527 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial research carried out over the last decades, it remains difficult to understand the wide range of pharmacological effects of dopaminergic agents. The dopaminergic system is involved in several neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. This complex system features multiple pathways implicated in emotion and cognition, psychomotor functions and endocrine control through activation of G protein-coupled dopamine receptors. This review focuses on the system-wide effects of dopaminergic agents on the multiple biochemical and endocrine pathways, in particular the biomarkers (i.e., indicators of a pharmacological process) that reflect these effects. Dopaminergic treatments developed over the last decades were found to be associated with numerous biochemical pathways in the brain, including the norepinephrine and the kynurenine pathway. Additionally, they have shown to affect peripheral systems, for example the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Dopaminergic agents thus have a complex and broad pharmacological profile, rendering drug development challenging. Considering the complex system-wide pharmacological profile of dopaminergic agents, this review underlines the needs for systems pharmacology studies that include: i) proteomics and metabolomics analysis; ii) longitudinal data evaluation and mathematical modeling; iii) pharmacokinetics-based interpretation of drug effects; iv) simultaneous biomarker evaluation in the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma; and v) specific attention to condition-dependent (e.g., disease) pharmacology. Such approach is considered essential to increase our understanding of central nervous system (CNS) drug effects and substantially improve CNS drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Johan van den Brink
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Semra Palic
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Köhler
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Cunera Maria de Lange
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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15
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Reimer AE, de Oliveira AR, Diniz JB, Hoexter MQ, Miguel EC, Milad MR, Brandão ML. Fear extinction in an obsessive-compulsive disorder animal model: Influence of sex and estrous cycle. Neuropharmacology 2017; 131:104-115. [PMID: 29225044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric condition that affects men and women equally, but with a sexually dimorphic pattern of development. Reproductive cycle events can influence symptom severity of OCD in females, indicating that ovarian hormones or their interaction with distinct neurotransmitter systems may play a role in OCD pathophysiology. Clinical studies and animal models have confirmed the importance of the serotonergic (5-HT) system in the neurobiology and treatment of OCD. Accordingly, the non-selective 5-HT2c agonist, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), exacerbates symptoms in untreated OCD patients. In rodents, it evokes repetitive behaviors that engage brain areas that are homologous with those found to be dysfunctional in OCD patients. These regions, including the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, are also involved in fear inhibition, which is impaired in OCD. Here, we treated rats with mCPP (0.5 and 3.0 mg/kg) to evaluate its influence on self-grooming behavior and assess potential fear extinction retention deficits, taking into account sex differences and females' estrous cycle. We found that mCPP exacerbated grooming in male and female rats, irrespective of the estrous cycle phase. Fear extinction retention, however, was impaired only in females. Moreover, females undergoing fear extinction training during the metestrus/diestrus phases of the estrous cycle were more sensitive to the impairments induced by mCPP. Our results indicate that mCPP can induce OCD-like symptoms, exacerbating self-grooming and impairing fear extinction. It suggests that changes in 5-HT signaling through 5-HT2c receptors may have an important role in the OCD pathophysiology and that the influence of gonadal hormones in OCD should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Edgar Reimer
- Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute of Neuroscience and Behavior (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Institute of Neuroscience and Behavior (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Psychology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Belo Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mohammed Ragib Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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A dose-response study of separate and combined effects of the serotonin agonist 8-OH-DPAT and the dopamine agonist quinpirole on locomotor sensitization, cross-sensitization, and conditioned activity. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 27:439-50. [PMID: 26871406 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic treatment with the dopamine D2/D3 agonist, quinpirole, or the serotonin 1A agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), induces behavioral sensitization. It is not known whether both drugs produce sensitization through a shared mechanism. Here, we examine whether quinpirole and 8-OH-DPAT show cross-sensitization and impact sensitization, as would be expected from shared mechanisms. Male rats (N=208) were assigned randomly to 16 groups formed by crossing four doses of quinpirole (0, 0.03125, 0.0625, or 0.125 mg/kg) with four doses of 8-OH-DPAT (0, 0.03125, 0.625, or 0.125 mg/kg). After a course of 10 drug treatments administered twice per week in locomotor activity chambers, all groups were challenged on separate tests with quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg), 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg), or saline, and locomotor activity was evaluated. Challenge tests with quinpirole and 8-OHDPAT showed no cross-sensitization between the drugs. Chronic quinpirole (0.125 mg/kg) administration induced a sensitized quinpirole response that was attenuated dose-dependently by chronic 8-OH-DPAT cotreatment. Cotreatment with quinpirole (0.0625 mg/kg) and 8-OH-DPAT (all doses) induced quinpirole sensitization. Chronic 8-OH-DPAT (0.125 mg/kg) induced a sensitized 8-OHDPAT response that was prevented by chronic cotreatment with the lowest but not the highest dose of quinpirole. Cotreatment with 8-OHDPAT (0.0625) and quinpirole (0.125 mg/kg) induced sensitization to 8-OH-DPAT. The saline challenge test showed elevated locomotor activity in chronic quinpirole (0.125 mg/kg) and 8-OHDPAT (0.0625, 0.125 mg/kg) alone groups, and in seven of nine cotreated groups. The absence of cross-sensitization suggests separate mechanisms of sensitization to quinpirole and 8-OH-DPAT. Cotreatment effects suggest that induction of sensitization can be modulated by serotonin 1A and D2/D3 activity.
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17
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Escobar AP, González MP, Meza RC, Noches V, Henny P, Gysling K, España RA, Fuentealba JA, Andrés ME. Mechanisms of Kappa Opioid Receptor Potentiation of Dopamine D2 Receptor Function in Quinpirole-Induced Locomotor Sensitization in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:660-669. [PMID: 28531297 PMCID: PMC5569963 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased locomotor activity in response to the same stimulus is an index of behavioral sensitization observed in preclinical models of drug addiction and compulsive behaviors. Repeated administration of quinpirole, a D2/D3 dopamine agonist, induces locomotor sensitization. This effect is potentiated and accelerated by co-administration of U69593, a kappa opioid receptor agonist. The mechanism underlying kappa opioid receptor potentiation of quinpirole-induced locomotor sensitization remains to be elucidated. Methods Immunofluorescence anatomical studies were undertaken in mice brain slices and rat presynaptic synaptosomes to reveal kappa opioid receptor and D2R pre- and postsynaptic colocalization in the nucleus accumbens. Tonic and phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rats repeatedly treated with U69593 and quinpirole was assessed by microdialysis and fast scan cyclic voltammetry. Results Anatomical data show that kappa opioid receptor and D2R colocalize postsynaptically in medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens and the highest presynaptic colocalization occurs on the same dopamine terminals. Significantly reduced dopamine levels were observed in quinpirole, and U69593-quinpirole treated rats, explaining sensitization of D2R. Presynaptic inhibition induced by kappa opioid receptor and D2R of electrically evoked dopamine release was faster in U69593-quinpirole compared with quinpirole-repeatedly treated rats. Conclusions Pre- and postsynaptic colocalization of kappa opioid receptor and D2R supports a role for kappa opioid receptor potentiating both the D2R inhibitory autoreceptor function and the inhibitory action of D2R on efferent medium spiny neurons. Kappa opioid receptor co-activation accelerates D2R sensitization by contributing to decrease dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica P Escobar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Marcela P González
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Rodrigo C Meza
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Verónica Noches
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Pablo Henny
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Katia Gysling
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - José A Fuentealba
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - María E Andrés
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
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Servaes S, Glorie D, Verhaeghe J, Stroobants S, Staelens S. Preclinical molecular imaging of glutamatergic and dopaminergic neuroreceptor kinetics in obsessive compulsive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:90-98. [PMID: 28365375 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular neuroimaging was applied in the quinpirole rat model for compulsive checking in OCD to visualize the D2- and mGluR5-receptor occupancy with Raclopride and ABP-688 microPET/CT. METHODS Animals (n=48) were exposed to either saline (CTRL; 1mL/kg) or quinpirole (QP; dopamine D2-agonist, 0.5mg/kg) in a single injection (RAC and ABP acute groups) or twice-weekly during 7weeks (chronic group). Animals underwent PET/CT after the 1st injection (acute) or before initial exposure and following the 10th injection in week 5 (chronic). For the latter, each injection was paired with an open field test and video tracking. RESULTS The QP animals displayed a strong increase in visiting frequency (checking) in the chronic group (+699.29%) compared to the control animals. Acute administration of the drug caused significant (p<0.01) decreases in D2R occupancy in the CP (-42.03%±4.01%). Chronical exposure resulted in significantly stronger decreases in the CP (-52.29%±3.79%). Furthermore significant increases in mGluR5 occupancy were found in the CP (10.36%±4.09%), anterior cingulate cortex (13.26%±4.01%), amygdala (24.36%±6.86%), entorhinal cortex (18.49%±5.14%) and nucleus accumbens (13.8%±4.87%) of the chronic group, not present after acute exposure. CONCLUSIONS Compared to acute exposure, sensitisation to QP as a model for OCD differs both on a dopaminergic and glutamateric level, indicating involvement of processes such as receptor internalization and changes in extracellular availability of both neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Servaes
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - D Glorie
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - J Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - S Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - S Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Stuchlik A, Radostová D, Hatalova H, Vales K, Nekovarova T, Koprivova J, Svoboda J, Horacek J. Validity of Quinpirole Sensitization Rat Model of OCD: Linking Evidence from Animal and Clinical Studies. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:209. [PMID: 27833539 PMCID: PMC5080285 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with 1–3% prevalence. OCD is characterized by recurrent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). The pathophysiology of OCD remains unclear, stressing the importance of pre-clinical studies. The aim of this article is to critically review a proposed animal model of OCD that is characterized by the induction of compulsive checking and behavioral sensitization to the D2/D3 dopamine agonist quinpirole. Changes in this model have been reported at the level of brain structures, neurotransmitter systems and other neurophysiological aspects. In this review, we consider these alterations in relation to the clinical manifestations in OCD, with the aim to discuss and evaluate axes of validity of this model. Our analysis shows that some axes of validity of quinpirole sensitization model (QSM) are strongly supported by clinical findings, such as behavioral phenomenology or roles of brain structures. Evidence on predictive validity is contradictory and ambiguous. It is concluded that this model is useful in the context of searching for the underlying pathophysiological basis of the disorder because of the relatively strong biological similarities with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Stuchlik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Radostová
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hatalova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental HealthKlecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Nekovarova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental HealthKlecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Koprivova
- National Institute of Mental Health Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Horacek
- National Institute of Mental Health Klecany, Czech Republic
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20
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Pillidge K, Porter AJ, Young JW, Stanford SC. Perseveration by NK1R-/- ('knockout') mice is blunted by doses of methylphenidate that affect neither other aspects of their cognitive performance nor the behaviour of wild-type mice in the 5-Choice Continuous Performance Test. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:837-47. [PMID: 27097734 PMCID: PMC4994704 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116642541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The underlying cause(s) of abnormalities expressed by patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have yet to be delineated. One factor that has been associated with increased vulnerability to ADHD is polymorphism(s) of TACR1, which is the human equivalent of the rodent NK1 (substance P-preferring) receptor gene (Nk1r). We have reported previously that genetically altered mice, lacking functional NK1R (NK1R-/-), express locomotor hyperactivity, which was blunted by the first-line treatment for ADHD, methylphenidate. Here, we compared the effects of this psychostimulant (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on the behaviour of NK1R-/- mice and their wild types in the 5-Choice Continuous Performance Test, which emulates procedures used to study attention and response control in ADHD patients. Methylphenidate increased total trials (a measure of 'productivity') completed by wild types, but not by NK1R-/- mice. Conversely, this drug reduced perseveration by NK1R-/- mice, but not by wild types. Other drug-induced changes in key behaviours were not genotype dependent, especially at the highest dose: for example, % omissions (an index of inattentiveness) was increased, whereas % false alarms and % premature responses (measures of impulsivity) declined in both genotypes, indicating reduced overall response. These findings are discussed in the context of the efficacy of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD. Moreover, they lead to several testable proposals. First, methylphenidate does not improve attention in a subgroup of ADHD patients with a functional deficit of TACR1. Second, these patients do not express excessive false alarms when compared with other groups of subjects, but they do express excessive perseveration, which would be ameliorated by methylphenidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Pillidge
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley J Porter
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - S Clare Stanford
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
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