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Zhu Y, Hui Q, Zhang Z, Fu H, Qin Y, Zhao Q, Li Q, Zhang J, Guo L, He W, Han C. Advancements in the study of synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial autophagy relationship. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25309. [PMID: 38400573 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Synapses serve as the points of communication between neurons, consisting primarily of three components: the presynaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. They transmit signals through the release and reception of neurotransmitters. Synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to undergo structural and functional changes, is influenced by proteins such as growth-associated proteins, synaptic vesicle proteins, postsynaptic density proteins, and neurotrophic growth factors. Furthermore, maintaining synaptic plasticity consumes more than half of the brain's energy, with a significant portion of this energy originating from ATP generated through mitochondrial energy metabolism. Consequently, the quantity, distribution, transport, and function of mitochondria impact the stability of brain energy metabolism, thereby participating in the regulation of fundamental processes in synaptic plasticity, including neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and neurotransmitter release. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the proteins associated with presynaptic plasticity, postsynaptic plasticity, and common factors between the two, as well as the relationship between mitochondrial energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousong Zhu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qinlong Hui
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yali Qin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenbin He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
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Jimenez-Gomez A, Nguyen MX, Gill JS. Understanding the role of AMPA receptors in autism: insights from circuit and synapse dysfunction. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1304300. [PMID: 38352654 PMCID: PMC10861716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1304300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders represent a diverse etiological spectrum that converge on a syndrome characterized by discrepant deficits in developmental domains often highlighted by concerns in socialization, sensory integration, and autonomic functioning. Importantly, the incidence and prevalence of autism spectrum disorders have seen sharp increases since the syndrome was first described in the 1940s. The wide etiological spectrum and rising number of individuals being diagnosed with the condition lend urgency to capturing a more nuanced understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the autism spectrum disorders. The current review seeks to understand how the disruption of AMPA receptor (AMPAr)-mediated neurotransmission in the cerebro-cerebellar circuit, particularly in genetic autism related to SHANK3 or SYNGAP1 protein dysfunction function and autism associated with in utero exposure to the anti-seizure medications valproic acid and topiramate, may contribute to the disease presentation. Initially, a discussion contextualizing AMPAr signaling in the cerebro-cerebellar circuitry and microstructural circuit considerations is offered. Subsequently, a detailed review of the literature implicating mutations or deletions of SHANK3 and SYNGAP1 in disrupted AMPAr signaling reveals how bidirectional pathogenic modulation of this key circuit may contribute to autism. Finally, how pharmacological exposure may interact with this pathway, via increased risk of autism diagnosis with valproic acid and topiramate exposure and potential treatment of autism using AMPAr modulator perampanel, is discussed. Through the lens of the review, we will offer speculation on how neuromodulation may be used as a rational adjunct to therapy. Together, the present review seeks to synthesize the disparate considerations of circuit understanding, genetic etiology, and pharmacological modulation to understand the mechanistic interaction of this important and complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Jimenez-Gomez
- Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Program, Department of Neurology, Joe DiMaggio Children’s Hospital, Hollywood, FL, United States
| | - Megan X. Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology & Developmental Neurosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan & Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason S. Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology & Developmental Neurosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan & Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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3
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Woelfle S, Pedro MT, Wagner J, Schön M, Boeckers TM. Expression profiles of the autism-related SHANK proteins in the human brain. BMC Biol 2023; 21:254. [PMID: 37953224 PMCID: PMC10641957 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SHANKs are major scaffolding proteins at postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in the central nervous system. Mutations in all three family members have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Despite the pathophysiological importance of SHANK2 and SHANK3 mutations in humans, research on the expression of these proteins is mostly based on rodent model organisms. RESULTS In the present study, cellular and neuropil SHANK2 expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) staining of post mortem human brain tissue from four male individuals (19 brain regions). Mouse brains were analyzed in comparison to evaluate the degree of phylogenetic conservation. Furthermore, SHANK2 and SHANK3 isoform patterns were compared in human and mouse brain lysates. While isoform expression and subcellular distribution were largely conserved, differences in neuropil levels of SHANK2 were found by IF staining: Maximum expression was concordantly measured in the cerebellum; however, higher SHANK2 expression was detected in the human brainstem and thalamus when compared to mice. One of the lowest SHANK2 levels was found in the human amygdala, a moderately expressing region in mouse. Quantification of SHANK3 IF in mouse brains unveiled a distribution comparable to humans. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these data show that the overall expression pattern of SHANK is largely conserved in defined brain regions; however, differences do exist, which need to be considered in the translation of rodent studies. The summarized expression patterns of SHANK2 and SHANK3 should serve as a reference for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Woelfle
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria T Pedro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Campus Günzburg, Lindenallee 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wagner
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University and Universitäts- and Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE, Ulm Site, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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4
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Wang J, Gao Y, Xiao L, Lin Y, Huang L, Chen J, Liang G, Li W, Yi W, Lao J, Zhang B, Gao TM, Zhong M, Yang X. Increased NMDARs in neurons and glutamine synthetase in astrocytes underlying autistic-like behaviors of Gabrb1-/- mice. iScience 2023; 26:107476. [PMID: 37599823 PMCID: PMC10433130 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the GABA-A receptor subunit β1 (GABRB1) gene are found in autism patients. However, it remains unclear how mutations in Gabrb1 may lead to autism. We generated Gabrb1-/- mouse model, which showed autistic-like behaviors. We carried out RNA-seq on the hippocampus and found glutamatergic pathway may be involved. We further carried out single-cell RNA sequencing on the whole brain followed by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, electrophysiology, and metabolite detection on specific cell types. We identified the up-regulated Glul/Slc38a3 in astrocytes, Grin1/Grin2b in neurons, glutamate, and the ratio of Glu/GABA in the hippocampus. Consistent with these results, increased NMDAR-currents and reduced GABAAR-currents in the CA1 neurons were detected in Gabrb1-/- mice. NMDAR antagonist memantine or Glul inhibitor methionine sulfoximine could rescue the abnormal behaviors in Gabrb1-/- mice. Our data reveal that upregulation of the glutamatergic synapse pathway, including NMDARs at neuronal synapses and glutamine exported by astrocytes, may lead to autistic-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liuyan Xiao
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanmei Lin
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinfa Chen
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guanmei Liang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenjuan Yi
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianpei Lao
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Breen MS, Fan X, Levy T, Pollak RM, Collins B, Osman A, Tocheva AS, Sahin M, Berry-Kravis E, Soorya L, Thurm A, Powell CM, Bernstein JA, Kolevzon A, Buxbaum JD. Large 22q13.3 deletions perturb peripheral transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100145. [PMID: 36276299 PMCID: PMC9579712 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused at least in part by haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene, due to sequence variants in SHANK3 or subtelomeric 22q13.3 deletions. Phenotypic differences have been reported between PMS participants carrying small "class I" mutations and large "class II" mutations; however, the molecular perturbations underlying these divergent phenotypes remain obscure. Using peripheral blood transcriptome and serum metabolome profiling, we examined the molecular perturbations in the peripheral circulation associated with a full spectrum of PMS genotypes spanning class I (n = 37) and class II mutations (n = 39). Transcriptomic data revealed 52 genes with blood expression profiles that tightly scale with 22q.13.3 deletion size. Furthermore, we uncover 208 underexpressed genes in PMS participants with class II mutations, which were unchanged in class I mutations. These genes were not linked to 22q13.3 and were strongly enriched for glycosphingolipid metabolism, NCAM1 interactions, and cytotoxic natural killer (NK) immune cell signatures. In silico predictions estimated a reduction in CD56+ CD16- NK cell proportions in class II mutations, which was validated by mass cytometry time of flight. Global metabolomics profiling identified 24 metabolites that were significantly altered in PMS participants with class II mutations and confirmed a general reduction in sphingolipid metabolism. Collectively, these results provide new evidence linking PMS participants carrying class II mutations with decreased expression of cytotoxic cell signatures, reduced relative proportions of NK cells, and lower sphingolipid metabolism. These findings highlight alternative avenues for therapeutic development and offer new mechanistic insights supporting genotype-to-phenotype associations in PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Breen
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuanjia Fan
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tess Levy
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca M Pollak
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brett Collins
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aya Osman
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna S Tocheva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Latha Soorya
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig M Powell
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Urrutia-Ruiz C, Rombach D, Cursano S, Gerlach-Arbeiter S, Schoen M, Bockmann J, Demestre M, Boeckers TM. Deletion of the Autism-Associated Protein SHANK3 Abolishes Structural Synaptic Plasticity after Brain Trauma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116081. [PMID: 35682760 PMCID: PMC9181590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by repetitive behaviors and impairments of sociability and communication. About 1% of ASD cases are caused by mutations of SHANK3, a major scaffolding protein of the postsynaptic density. We studied the role of SHANK3 in plastic changes of excitatory synapses within the central nervous system by employing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in WT and Shank3 knockout mice. In WT mice, mTBI triggered ipsi- and contralateral loss of hippocampal dendritic spines and excitatory synapses with a partial recovery over time. In contrast, no significant synaptic alterations were detected in Shank3∆11−/− mice, which showed fewer dendritic spines and excitatory synapses at baseline. In line, mTBI induced the upregulation of synaptic plasticity-related proteins Arc and p-cofilin only in WT mice. Interestingly, microglia proliferation was observed in WT mice after mTBI but not in Shank3∆11−/− mice. Finally, we detected TBI-induced increased fear memory at the behavioral level, whereas in Shank3∆11−/− animals, the already-enhanced fear memory levels increased only slightly after mTBI. Our data show the lack of structural synaptic plasticity in Shank3 knockout mice that might explain at least in part the rigidity of behaviors, problems in adjusting to new situations and cognitive deficits seen in ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Urrutia-Ruiz
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.U.-R.); (D.R.); (S.C.); (S.G.-A.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Daniel Rombach
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.U.-R.); (D.R.); (S.C.); (S.G.-A.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Silvia Cursano
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.U.-R.); (D.R.); (S.C.); (S.G.-A.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Susanne Gerlach-Arbeiter
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.U.-R.); (D.R.); (S.C.); (S.G.-A.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Michael Schoen
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.U.-R.); (D.R.); (S.C.); (S.G.-A.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Juergen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.U.-R.); (D.R.); (S.C.); (S.G.-A.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Demestre
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.U.-R.); (D.R.); (S.C.); (S.G.-A.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Tobias M. Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.U.-R.); (D.R.); (S.C.); (S.G.-A.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (M.D.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Translational Biochemistry, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-5002-3220
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7
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Tong G, Li L, Cheng J, Zhang L, Xu Q, Wang L, Zhang P. Expression of SH3 and Multiple Ankyrin Repeat Domains Protein 3 in Mouse Retina. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:795668. [PMID: 35401120 PMCID: PMC8990853 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.795668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse-associated gene mutations of SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 (SHANK3) may lead to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In some ASD cases, patients may also have vision disorders. However, the effects of SHANK3 in the retina are barely mentioned in the literature. In this study, we used wild-type mice to systematically map the distribution of SHANK3 expression in entire mouse retinas. Using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence double labeling, we identified a large number of prominent cells expressing high levels of SHANK3 in the inner retina, in particular, the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nucleus layer. The inner plexiform layer and outer nucleus layer were also exhibited positive SHANK3 signals. In the inner layer, GABAergic amacrine cells (ACs) labeled by glutamate decarboxylase were colocalized with SHANK3-positive cells. Dopaminergic ACs (labeled by tyrosine hydroxylase) and cholinergic ACs (labeled by choline acetyltransferase) were also found to contain SHANK3-positive signals. Additionally, most GCs (labeled by Brn3a) were also found to be SHANK3 positive. In the outer retina, bipolar cells (labeled by homeobox protein ChX10) and horizontal cells (labeled by calbindin) were SHANK3 positive. In the outer nucleus layers, the somata of blue cones (labeled by S-opsin) were weekly co-labeled with SHANK3. The inner segments of blue cones and the outer segments of red/green cones (labeled by L/M-opsin) were partially colocalized with SHANK3 and the outer segments of rods (labeled by Rho4D2) were partially SHANK3 positive too. Moreover, SHANK3-positive labeling was also observed in Müller cells (labeled by cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein). These wide expression patterns indicate that SHANK3 may play an important role in the visual signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya’nan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guang’an Tong
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Neurology Institute, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lesha Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liecheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Liecheng Wang,
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Pingping Zhang,
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8
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Gatford NJF, Deans PJM, Duarte RRR, Chennell G, Sellers KJ, Raval P, Srivastava DP. Neuroligin-3 and neuroligin-4X form nanoscopic clusters and regulate growth cone organization and size. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:674-691. [PMID: 34542148 PMCID: PMC8895740 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-adhesion proteins neuroligin-3 and neuroligin-4X (NLGN3/4X) have well described roles in synapse formation. NLGN3/4X are also expressed highly during neurodevelopment. However, the role these proteins play during this period is unknown. Here we show that NLGN3/4X localized to the leading edge of growth cones where it promoted neuritogenesis in immature human neurons. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that NLGN3/4X clustering induced growth cone enlargement and influenced actin filament organization. Critically, these morphological effects were not induced by autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-associated NLGN3/4X variants. Finally, actin regulators p21-activated kinase 1 and cofilin were found to be activated by NLGN3/4X and involved in mediating the effects of these adhesion proteins on actin filaments, growth cones and neuritogenesis. These data reveal a novel role for NLGN3 and NLGN4X in the development of neuronal architecture, which may be altered in the presence of ASD-associated variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J F Gatford
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P J Michael Deans
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo R R Duarte
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - George Chennell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine J Sellers
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pooja Raval
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Hobson BD, Choi SJ, Mosharov EV, Soni RK, Sulzer D, Sims P. Subcellular proteomics of dopamine neurons in the mouse brain. eLife 2022; 11:70921. [PMID: 35098924 PMCID: PMC8860448 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons modulate neural circuits and behaviors via dopamine (DA) release from expansive, long range axonal projections. The elaborate cytoarchitecture of these neurons is embedded within complex brain tissue, making it difficult to access the neuronal proteome using conventional methods. Here, we demonstrate APEX2 proximity labeling within genetically targeted neurons in the mouse brain, enabling subcellular proteomics with cell-type specificity. By combining APEX2 biotinylation with mass spectrometry, we mapped the somatodendritic and axonal proteomes of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Our dataset reveals the proteomic architecture underlying proteostasis, axonal metabolism, and neurotransmission in these neurons. We find that most proteins encoded by DA neuron-enriched genes are localized within striatal dopaminergic axons, including ion channels with previously undescribed axonal localization. These proteomic datasets provide a resource for neuronal cell biology, and this approach can be readily adapted for study of other neural cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Hobson
- Depart of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Se Joon Choi
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Rajesh K Soni
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Peter Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
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10
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Delling JP, Boeckers TM. Comparison of SHANK3 deficiency in animal models: phenotypes, treatment strategies, and translational implications. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:55. [PMID: 34784886 PMCID: PMC8594088 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition, which is characterized by clinical heterogeneity and high heritability. Core symptoms of ASD include deficits in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Many genes have been identified that are associated with an increased risk for ASD. Proteins encoded by these ASD risk genes are often involved in processes related to fetal brain development, chromatin modification and regulation of gene expression in general, as well as the structural and functional integrity of synapses. Genes of the SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains (SHANK) family encode crucial scaffolding proteins (SHANK1-3) of excitatory synapses and other macromolecular complexes. SHANK gene mutations are highly associated with ASD and more specifically the Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMDS), which is caused by heterozygous 22q13.3-deletion resulting in SHANK3-haploinsufficiency, or by SHANK3 missense variants. SHANK3 deficiency and potential treatment options have been extensively studied in animal models, especially in mice, but also in rats and non-human primates. However, few of the proposed therapeutic strategies have translated into clinical practice yet. MAIN TEXT This review summarizes the literature concerning SHANK3-deficient animal models. In particular, the structural, behavioral, and neurological abnormalities are described and compared, providing a broad and comprehensive overview. Additionally, the underlying pathophysiologies and possible treatments that have been investigated in these models are discussed and evaluated with respect to their effect on ASD- or PMDS-associated phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Animal models of SHANK3 deficiency generated by various genetic strategies, which determine the composition of the residual SHANK3-isoforms and affected cell types, show phenotypes resembling ASD and PMDS. The phenotypic heterogeneity across multiple models and studies resembles the variation of clinical severity in human ASD and PMDS patients. Multiple therapeutic strategies have been proposed and tested in animal models, which might lead to translational implications for human patients with ASD and/or PMDS. Future studies should explore the effects of new therapeutic approaches that target genetic haploinsufficiency, like CRISPR-mediated activation of promotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Delling
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany. .,Ulm Site, DZNE, Ulm, Germany.
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11
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Proteomic Analysis Unveils Expressional Changes in Cytoskeleton- and Synaptic Plasticity-Associated Proteins in Rat Brain Six Months after Withdrawal from Morphine. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070683. [PMID: 34357055 PMCID: PMC8304287 DOI: 10.3390/life11070683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug withdrawal is associated with abstinence symptoms including deficits in cognitive functions that may persist even after prolonged discontinuation of drug intake. Cognitive deficits are, at least partially, caused by alterations in synaptic plasticity but the precise molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully identified. In the present study, changes in proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles of selected brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum) from rats abstaining for six months after cessation of chronic treatment with morphine were determined by label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomic analysis. Interestingly, prolonged morphine withdrawal was found to be associated especially with alterations in protein phosphorylation and to a lesser extent in protein expression. Gene ontology (GO) term analysis revealed enrichment in biological processes related to synaptic plasticity, cytoskeleton organization, and GTPase activity. More specifically, significant changes were observed in proteins localized in synaptic vesicles (e.g., synapsin-1, SV2a, Rab3a), in the active zone of the presynaptic nerve terminal (e.g., Bassoon, Piccolo, Rims1), and in the postsynaptic density (e.g., cadherin 13, catenins, Arhgap35, Shank3, Arhgef7). Other differentially phosphorylated proteins were associated with microtubule dynamics (microtubule-associated proteins, Tppp, collapsin response mediator proteins) and the actin–spectrin network (e.g., spectrins, adducins, band 4.1-like protein 1). Taken together, a six-month morphine withdrawal was manifested by significant alterations in the phosphorylation of synaptic proteins. The altered phosphorylation patterns modulating the function of synaptic proteins may contribute to long-term neuroadaptations induced by drug use and withdrawal.
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12
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Lutz AK, Pfaender S, Incearap B, Ioannidis V, Ottonelli I, Föhr KJ, Cammerer J, Zoller M, Higelin J, Giona F, Stetter M, Stoecker N, Alami NO, Schön M, Orth M, Liebau S, Barbi G, Grabrucker AM, Delorme R, Fauler M, Mayer B, Jesse S, Roselli F, Ludolph AC, Bourgeron T, Verpelli C, Demestre M, Boeckers TM. Autism-associated SHANK3 mutations impair maturation of neuromuscular junctions and striated muscles. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/547/eaaz3267. [PMID: 32522805 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations of the gene encoding the postsynaptic protein SHANK3 are associated with syndromic forms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). One of the earliest clinical symptoms in SHANK3-associated ASD is neonatal skeletal muscle hypotonia. This symptom can be critical for the early diagnosis of affected children; however, the mechanism mediating hypotonia in ASD is not completely understood. Here, we used a combination of patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), Shank3Δ11(-/-) mice, and Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMDS) muscle biopsies from patients of different ages to analyze the role of SHANK3 on motor unit development. Our results suggest that the hypotonia in SHANK3 deficiency might be caused by dysfunctions in all elements of the voluntary motor system: motoneurons, neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and striated muscles. We found that SHANK3 localizes in Z-discs in the skeletal muscle sarcomere and co-immunoprecipitates with α-ACTININ. SHANK3 deficiency lead to shortened Z-discs and severe impairment of acetylcholine receptor clustering in hiPSC-derived myotubes and in muscle from Shank3Δ11(-/-) mice and patients with PMDS, indicating a crucial role for SHANK3 in the maturation of NMJs and striated muscle. Functional motor defects in Shank3Δ11(-/-) mice could be rescued with the troponin activator Tirasemtiv that sensitizes muscle fibers to calcium. Our observations give insight into the function of SHANK3 besides the central nervous system and imply potential treatment strategies for SHANK3-associated ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Lutz
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pfaender
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Berra Incearap
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Valentin Ioannidis
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ilaria Ottonelli
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl J Föhr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Judith Cammerer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marvin Zoller
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Higelin
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Federica Giona
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy.,BIOMETRA University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Maximilian Stetter
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicole Stoecker
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gotthold Barbi
- Institute for Human Genetics, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas M Grabrucker
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland.,Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, APHP, Robert-Debré Hospital, 750197 Paris, France
| | - Michael Fauler
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Chiara Verpelli
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy.,BIOMETRA University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Demestre
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany. .,DZNE, Ulm Site, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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13
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Ricciardello A, Tomaiuolo P, Persico AM. Genotype-phenotype correlation in Phelan-McDermid syndrome: A comprehensive review of chromosome 22q13 deleted genes. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2211-2233. [PMID: 33949759 PMCID: PMC8251815 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phelan‐McDermid syndrome (PMS, OMIM #606232), also known as chromosome 22q13 deletion syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, hypotonia, delayed or absent speech, motor impairment, autism spectrum disorder, behavioral anomalies, and minor aspecific dysmorphic features. Haploinsufficiency of SHANK3, due to intragenic deletions or point mutations, is sufficient to cause many neurobehavioral features of PMS. However, several additional genes located within larger 22q13 deletions can contribute to the great interindividual variability observed in the PMS phenotype. This review summarizes the phenotypic contributions predicted for 213 genes distributed along the largest 22q13.2‐q13.33 terminal deletion detected in our sample of 63 PMS patients by array‐CGH analysis, spanning 9.08 Mb. Genes have been grouped into four categories: (1) genes causing human diseases with an autosomal dominant mechanism, or (2) with an autosomal recessive mechanism; (3) morphogenetically relevant genes, either involved in human diseases with additive co‐dominant, polygenic, and/or multifactorial mechanisms, or implicated in animal models but not yet documented in human pathology; (4) protein coding genes either functionally nonrelevant, with unknown function, or pathogenic through mechanisms other than haploinsufficiency; piRNAs, noncoding RNAs, miRNAs, novel transcripts and pseudogenes. Our aim is to understand genotype–phenotype correlations in PMS patients and to provide clinicians with a conceptual framework to promote evidence‐based genetic work‐ups, clinical assessments, and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Ricciardello
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tomaiuolo
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio M Persico
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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14
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Imbalanced post- and extrasynaptic SHANK2A functions during development affect social behavior in SHANK2-mediated neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6482-6504. [PMID: 34021263 PMCID: PMC8760046 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in SHANK genes play an undisputed role in neuropsychiatric disorders. Until now, research has focused on the postsynaptic function of SHANKs, and prominent postsynaptic alterations in glutamatergic signal transmission have been reported in Shank KO mouse models. Recent studies have also suggested a possible presynaptic function of SHANK proteins, but these remain poorly defined. In this study, we examined how SHANK2 can mediate electrophysiological, molecular, and behavioral effects by conditionally overexpressing either wild-type SHANK2A or the extrasynaptic SHANK2A(R462X) variant. SHANK2A overexpression affected pre- and postsynaptic targets and revealed a reversible, development-dependent autism spectrum disorder-like behavior. SHANK2A also mediated redistribution of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors between apical and basal hippocampal CA1 dendrites, leading to impaired synaptic plasticity in the basal dendrites. Moreover, SHANK2A overexpression reduced social interaction and increased the excitatory noise in the olfactory cortex during odor processing. In contrast, overexpression of the extrasynaptic SHANK2A(R462X) variant did not impair hippocampal synaptic plasticity, but still altered the expression of presynaptic/axonal signaling proteins. We also observed an attention-deficit/hyperactivity-like behavior and improved social interaction along with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio in cortical odor processing. Our results suggest that the disruption of pre- and postsynaptic SHANK2 functions caused by SHANK2 mutations has a strong impact on social behavior. These findings indicate that pre- and postsynaptic SHANK2 actions cooperate for normal neuronal function, and that an imbalance between these functions may lead to different neuropsychiatric disorders.
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15
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Dunn JT, Mroczek J, Patel HR, Ragozzino ME. Tandospirone, a Partial 5-HT1A Receptor Agonist, Administered Systemically or Into Anterior Cingulate Attenuates Repetitive Behaviors in Shank3B Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:533-542. [PMID: 32619232 PMCID: PMC7689206 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cases of autism spectrum disorder have been linked to mutations in the SHANK3 gene. Haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene contributes to Phelan-McDermid syndrome, which often presents an autism spectrum disorder phenotype along with moderate to severe intellectual disability. A SHANK3 gene deletion in mice results in elevated excitation of cortical pyramidal neurons that alters signaling to other brain areas. Serotonin 1A receptors are highly expressed on layer 2 cortical neurons and are known to have inhibitory actions. Serotonin 1A receptor agonist treatment in autistic cases with SHANK3 mutations and possibly other cases may restore excitatory and inhibitory balance that attenuates core symptoms. METHODS A series of experiments investigated the effects of acute tandospirone treatment on spatial learning and self-grooming, subchronic treatment of tandospirone on self-grooming behavior, and the effect of tandospirone infusion into the anterior cingulate on self-grooming behavior. RESULTS Only male Shank3B+/- mice exhibited a spatial learning deficit and elevated self-grooming. Acute i.p. injection of tandospirone, 0.01 and 0.06 mg/kg in male Shank3B+/- mice, attenuated a spatial acquisition deficit by improving sensitivity to positive reinforcement and reduced elevated self-grooming behavior. Repeated tandospirone (0.06 mg/kg) treatment attenuated elevated self-grooming behavior in male Shank3B+/- mice. Tandospirone injected into the anterior cingulate/premotor area reduced self-grooming behavior in male Shank3B+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that stimulation of cortical serotonin 1A receptors may reduce repetitive behaviors and cognitive impairments as observed in autism spectrum disorder, possibly by attenuating an excitation/inhibition imbalance. Further, tandospirone may serve as a treatment in autism spectrum disorder and other disorders associated with SHANK3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Dunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jessica Mroczek
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harsh R Patel
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael E Ragozzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Correspondence: Michael E. Ragozzino, PhD, Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607 ()
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16
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Breen MS, Browne A, Hoffman GE, Stathopoulos S, Brennand K, Buxbaum JD, Drapeau E. Transcriptional signatures of participant-derived neural progenitor cells and neurons implicate altered Wnt signaling in Phelan-McDermid syndrome and autism. Mol Autism 2020; 11:53. [PMID: 32560742 PMCID: PMC7304190 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic disorder with high risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, and language delay, and is caused by 22q13.3 deletions or mutations in the SHANK3 gene. To date, the molecular and pathway changes resulting from SHANK3 haploinsufficiency in PMS remain poorly understood. Uncovering these mechanisms is critical for understanding pathobiology of PMS and, ultimately, for the development of new therapeutic interventions. METHODS We developed human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models of PMS by reprogramming peripheral blood samples from individuals with PMS (n = 7) and their unaffected siblings (n = 6). For each participant, up to three hiPSC clones were generated and differentiated into induced neural progenitor cells (hiPSC-NPCs; n = 39) and induced forebrain neurons (hiPSC-neurons; n = 41). Genome-wide RNA-sequencing was applied to explore transcriptional differences between PMS probands and unaffected siblings. RESULTS Transcriptome analyses identified 391 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hiPSC-NPCs and 82 DEGs in hiPSC-neurons, when comparing cells from PMS probands and unaffected siblings (FDR < 5%). Genes under-expressed in PMS were implicated in Wnt signaling, embryonic development, and protein translation, while over-expressed genes were enriched for pre- and postsynaptic density genes, regulation of synaptic plasticity, and G-protein-gated potassium channel activity. Gene co-expression network analysis identified two modules in hiPSC-neurons that were over-expressed in PMS, implicating postsynaptic signaling and GDP binding, and both modules harbored a significant enrichment of genetic risk loci for developmental delay and intellectual disability. Finally, PMS-associated genes were integrated with other ASD hiPSC transcriptome findings and several points of convergence were identified, indicating altered Wnt signaling and extracellular matrix. LIMITATIONS Given the rarity of the condition, we could not carry out experimental validation in independent biological samples. In addition, functional and morphological phenotypes caused by loss of SHANK3 were not characterized here. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest human neural sample analyzed in PMS. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing in hiPSC-derived neural cells from individuals with PMS revealed both shared and distinct transcriptional signatures across hiPSC-NPCs and hiPSC-neurons, including many genes implicated in risk for ASD, as well as specific neurobiological pathways, including the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Breen
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andrew Browne
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel E Hoffman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sofia Stathopoulos
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Kristen Brennand
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
| | - Elodie Drapeau
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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17
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Filova B, Reichova A, Zatkova M, Srancikova A, Bukatova S, Bacova Z, Bakos J. Expression of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus is modulated by neonatal oxytocin treatment. Neurosci Lett 2020; 725:134912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Wang M, Liu X, Hou Y, Zhang H, Kang J, Wang F, Zhao Y, Chen J, Liu X, Wang Y, Wu S. Decrease of GSK-3β Activity in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Shank3b -/- Mice Contributes to Synaptic and Social Deficiency. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:447. [PMID: 31749684 PMCID: PMC6843030 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Social deficiency is one of the core syndromes of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), for which the underlying developmental mechanism still remains elusive. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a key role in integrating social information and regulating social behavior. Recent studies have indicated that synaptic dysfunction in ACC is essential for ASD social defects. In the present study, we investigated the development of synapses and the roles of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), which mediates multiple synaptic signaling pathways in ACC by using Shank3b−/− mice (a widely used ASD mouse model). Our data revealed that Shank3b mutation abolished the social induced c-Fos expression in ACC. From 4 weeks post-birth, neurons in Shank3b−/− ACC exhibited an obvious decrease in spine density and stubby spines. The length and thickness of post-synaptic density (PSD), the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGlut2) and glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2), and the frequency of miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) were significantly reduced in Shank3b−/−ACC. Interestingly, the levels of phosphorylated GSK-3β (Ser9), which inhibits the activity of GSK-3β, decreased along the same time course as the levels of GluR2 increased in ACC during development. Shank3b mutation leads to a dramatic increase of pGSK-3β (Ser9), and decrease of pPSD95 (a substrate of GSK-3β) and GluR2. Local delivery of AAV expressing constitutively active GSK-3β restored the expression of GluR2, increased the spine density and the number of mature spines. More importantly, active GSK-3β significantly promoted the social activity of Shank3b−/− mice. These data, in together, indicate that decrease of GSK-3β activity in ACC may contribute to the synaptic and social defects of Shank3b−/− mice. Enhancing GSK-3β activity may be utilized to treat ASD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yilin Hou
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Military Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junjun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Youyi Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research, Department of Anethesiology, Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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19
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Yoo T, Cho H, Park H, Lee J, Kim E. Shank3 Exons 14-16 Deletion in Glutamatergic Neurons Leads to Social and Repetitive Behavioral Deficits Associated With Increased Cortical Layer 2/3 Neuronal Excitability. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:458. [PMID: 31649512 PMCID: PMC6795689 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank3, an abundant excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein, has been associated with multiple brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS). However, how cell type-specific Shank3 deletion affects disease-related neuronal and brain functions remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the impacts of Shank3 deletion in glutamatergic neurons on synaptic and behavioral phenotypes in mice and compared results with those previously obtained from mice with global Shank3 mutation and GABAergic neuron-specific Shank3 mutation. Neuronal excitability was abnormally increased in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in mice with a glutamatergic Shank3 deletion, similar to results obtained in mice with a global Shank3 deletion. In addition, excitatory synaptic transmission was abnormally increased in layer 2/3 neurons in mice with a global, but not a glutamatergic, Shank3 deletion, suggesting that Shank3 in glutamatergic neurons are important for the increased neuronal excitability, but not for the increased excitatory synaptic transmission. Neither excitatory nor inhibitory synaptic transmission was altered in the dorsal striatum of Shank3-deficient glutamatergic neurons, a finding that contrasts with the decreased excitatory synaptic transmission in global and Shank3-deficient GABAergic neurons. Behaviorally, glutamatergic Shank3-deficient mice displayed abnormally increased direct social interaction and repetitive self-grooming, similar to global and GABAergic Shank3-deficient mice. These results suggest that glutamatergic and GABAergic Shank3 deletions lead to distinct synaptic and neuronal changes in cortical layer 2/3 and dorsal striatal neurons, but cause similar social and repetitive behavioral abnormalities likely through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Heejin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Haram Park
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jiseok Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
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20
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Deshpande D, Higelin J, Schoen M, Vomhof T, Boeckers TM, Demestre M, Michaelis J. Synaptic FUS Localization During Motoneuron Development and Its Accumulation in Human ALS Synapses. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:256. [PMID: 31244613 PMCID: PMC6582137 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the fused in Sarcoma (FUS) gene induce cytoplasmic FUS aggregations, contributing to the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in certain cases. While FUS is mainly a nuclear protein involved in transcriptional processes with limited cytoplasmic functions, it shows an additional somatodendritic localization in neurons. In this study we analyzed the localization of FUS in motoneuron synapses, these being the most affected neurons in ALS, using super-resolution microscopy to distinguish between the pre- and postsynaptic compartments. We report a maturation-based variation of FUS localization in rodent synapses where a predominantly postsynaptic FUS was observed in the early stages of synaptic development, while in mature synapses the protein was entirely localized in the axonal terminal. Likewise, we also show that at the synapse of human motoneurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of a healthy control, FUS is mainly postsynaptic in the early developmental stages. In motoneurons derived from ALS patients harboring a very aggressive juvenile FUS mutation, increased synaptic accumulation of mutated FUS was observed. Moreover increased aggregation of other synaptic proteins Bassoon and Homer1 was also detected in these abnormal synapses. Having demonstrated changes in the FUS localization during synaptogenesis, a role of synaptic FUS in both dendritic and axonal cellular compartments is probable, and we propose a gain-of-toxic function due to the synaptic aggregation of mutant FUS in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Higelin
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schoen
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Vomhof
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm Site, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Demestre
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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21
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Ushkaryov YA, Lelianova V, Vysokov NV. Catching Latrophilin With Lasso: A Universal Mechanism for Axonal Attraction and Synapse Formation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:257. [PMID: 30967757 PMCID: PMC6438917 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Latrophilin-1 (LPHN1) was isolated as the main high-affinity receptor for α-latrotoxin from black widow spider venom, a powerful presynaptic secretagogue. As an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, LPHN1 is cleaved into two fragments, which can behave independently on the cell surface, but re-associate upon binding the toxin. This triggers intracellular signaling that involves the Gαq/phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate cascade and an increase in cytosolic Ca2+, leading to vesicular exocytosis. Using affinity chromatography on LPHN1, we isolated its endogenous ligand, teneurin-2/Lasso. Both LPHN1 and Ten2/Lasso are expressed early in development and are enriched in neurons. LPHN1 primarily resides in axons, growth cones and presynaptic terminals, while Lasso largely localizes on dendrites. LPHN1 and Ten2/Lasso form a trans-synaptic receptor pair that has both structural and signaling functions. However, Lasso is proteolytically cleaved at multiple sites and its extracellular domain is partially released into the intercellular space, especially during neuronal development, suggesting that soluble Lasso has additional functions. We discovered that the soluble fragment of Lasso can diffuse away and bind to LPHN1 on axonal growth cones, triggering its redistribution on the cell surface and intracellular signaling which leads to local exocytosis. This causes axons to turn in the direction of spatio-temporal Lasso gradients, while LPHN1 knockout blocks this effect. These results suggest that the LPHN1-Ten2/Lasso pair can participate in long- and short-distance axonal guidance and synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Ushkaryov
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Lelianova
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom
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22
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Huang G, Chen S, Chen X, Zheng J, Xu Z, Doostparast Torshizi A, Gong S, Chen Q, Ma X, Yu J, Zhou L, Qiu S, Wang K, Shi L. Uncovering the Functional Link Between SHANK3 Deletions and Deficiency in Neurodevelopment Using iPSC-Derived Human Neurons. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:23. [PMID: 30918484 PMCID: PMC6424902 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SHANK3 mutations, including de novo deletions, have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the effects of SHANK3 loss of function on neurodevelopment remain poorly understood. Here we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in vitro, followed by neuro-differentiation and lentivirus-mediated shRNA expression to evaluate how SHANK3 knockdown affects the in vitro neurodevelopmental process at multiple time points (up to 4 weeks). We found that SHANK3 knockdown impaired both early stage of neuronal development and mature neuronal function, as demonstrated by a reduction in neuronal soma size, growth cone area, neurite length and branch numbers. Notably, electrophysiology analyses showed defects in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses revealed that multiple biological pathways related to neuron projection, motility and regulation of neurogenesis were disrupted in cells with SHANK3 knockdown. In conclusion, utilizing a human iPSC-based neural induction model, this study presented combined morphological, electrophysiological and transcription evidence that support that SHANK3 as an intrinsic, cell autonomous factor that controls cellular function development in human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine - Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Shuting Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Zheng
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoran Xu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Abolfazl Doostparast Torshizi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Siyi Gong
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingpei Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaokuang Ma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine - Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jiandong Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine - Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lingling Shi
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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23
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Zatkova M, Bacova Z, Puerta F, Lestanova Z, Alanazi M, Kiss A, Reichova A, Castejon AM, Ostatnikova D, Bakos J. Projection length stimulated by oxytocin is modulated by the inhibition of calcium signaling in U-87MG cells. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1847-1856. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Collins SM, Galvez R. Neocortical SHANK1 regulation of forebrain dependent associative learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:173-179. [PMID: 30053575 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Learning-induced neocortical synaptic plasticity is a well-established mechanism mediating memory consolidation. Classic learning paradigms elicit synaptic changes in various brain regions including the neocortex. Work from our laboratory has further suggested synaptic remodeling in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) during forebrain-dependent associative learning. While this process of synaptic remodeling is largely believed to contribute to memory consolidation, the underlying processes mediating this plasticity are poorly understood. Interestingly, abnormal expression of the synaptic scaffolding protein SHANK1 has been linked with aberrant synaptic plasticity and learning impairments, suggesting that it plays a critical role in these processes. However, a direct analysis of the role for SHANK1 during learning in the neocortex, the most likely site for memory storage, has never been adequately explored. To directly examine SHANK1's potential role during learning and memory, the following study set out to both examine neocortical SHANK1 expression during a learning event and determine the consequences of reducing neocortical SHANK1 expression on learning. The current study found that SHANK1 expression is transiently increased during periods of learning-induced dendritic spine plasticity in the neocortex. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated neocortical SHANK1 knockdown significantly impairs acquisition for the forebrain-dependent associative learning task (whisker-trace-eyeblink conditioning). Consistent with these findings, SHANK1 has been implicated in various neurological disorders. Collectively, these findings suggest a role for SHANK1 in neocortical learning-induced dendritic spine plasticity underlying learning and normal cognition; thus, providing potential insight into neurological mechanisms mediating abnormalities of impaired cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Collins
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Roberto Galvez
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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25
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Bey AL, Wang X, Yan H, Kim N, Passman RL, Yang Y, Cao X, Towers AJ, Hulbert SW, Duffney LJ, Gaidis E, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Yin HH, Jiang YH. Brain region-specific disruption of Shank3 in mice reveals a dissociation for cortical and striatal circuits in autism-related behaviors. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:94. [PMID: 29700290 PMCID: PMC5919902 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a new line of Shank3 mutant mice which led to a complete loss of Shank3 by deleting exons 4-22 (Δe4-22) globally. Δe4-22 mice display robust ASD-like behaviors including impaired social interaction and communication, increased stereotypical behavior and excessive grooming, and a profound deficit in instrumental learning. However, the anatomical and neural circuitry underlying these behaviors are unknown. We generated mice with Shank3 selectively deleted in forebrain, striatum, and striatal D1 and D2 cells. These mice were used to interrogate the circuit/brain-region and cell-type specific role of Shank3 in the expression of autism-related behaviors. Whole-cell patch recording and biochemical analyses were used to study the synaptic function and molecular changes in specific brain regions. We found perseverative exploratory behaviors in mice with deletion of Shank3 in striatal inhibitory neurons. Conversely, self-grooming induced lesions were observed in mice with deletion of Shank3 in excitatory neurons of forebrain. However, social, communicative, and instrumental learning behaviors were largely unaffected in these mice, unlike what is seen in global Δe4-22 mice. We discovered unique patterns of change for the biochemical and electrophysiological findings in respective brain regions that reflect the complex nature of transcriptional regulation of Shank3. Reductions in Homer1b/c and membrane hyper-excitability were observed in striatal loss of Shank3. By comparison, Shank3 deletion in hippocampal neurons resulted in increased NMDAR-currents and GluN2B-containing NMDARs. These results together suggest that Shank3 may differentially regulate neural circuits that control behavior. Our study supports a dissociation of Shank3 functions in cortical and striatal neurons in ASD-related behaviors, and it illustrates the complexity of neural circuit mechanisms underlying these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L. Bey
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dDepartments of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dPediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Haidun Yan
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dPediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Namsoo Kim
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dPsychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Rebecca L. Passman
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dBiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Yilin Yang
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dPediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Xinyu Cao
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dPediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Aaron J. Towers
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dGenomics and Genetics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Samuel W. Hulbert
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dDepartments of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Lara J. Duffney
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dPediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Erin Gaidis
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dPsychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Ramona M. Rodriguiz
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - William C. Wetsel
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dDepartments of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dCell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dDuke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Henry H. Yin
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dDepartments of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dPsychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dDuke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Yong-hui Jiang
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dDepartments of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dPediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dGenomics and Genetics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dDuke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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26
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Azevedo H, Amato Khaled N, Santos P, Bernardi Bertonha F, Moreira-Filho CA. Temporal analysis of hippocampal CA3 gene coexpression networks in a rat model of febrile seizures. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.029074. [PMID: 29196444 PMCID: PMC5818071 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex febrile seizures during infancy constitute an important risk factor for development of epilepsy. However, little is known about the alterations induced by febrile seizures that make the brain susceptible to epileptic activity. In this context, the use of animal models of hyperthermic seizures (HS) could allow the temporal analysis of brain molecular changes that arise after febrile seizures. Here, we investigated temporal changes in hippocampal gene coexpression networks during the development of rats submitted to HS. Total RNA samples were obtained from the ventral hippocampal CA3 region at four time points after HS at postnatal day (P) 11 and later used for gene expression profiling. Temporal endpoints were selected for investigating the acute (P12), latent (P30 and P60) and chronic (P120) stages of the HS model. A weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to characterize modules of coexpressed genes, as these modules might contain genes with similar functions. The transcriptome analysis pipeline consisted of building gene coexpression networks, identifying network modules and hubs, performing gene-trait correlations and examining changes in module connectivity. Modules were functionally enriched to identify functions associated with HS. Our data showed that HS induce changes in developmental, cell adhesion and immune pathways, such as Wnt, Hippo, Notch, Jak-Stat and Mapk. Interestingly, modules involved in cell adhesion, neuronal differentiation and synaptic transmission were activated as early as 1 day after HS. These results suggest that HS trigger transcriptional alterations that could lead to persistent neurogenesis, tissue remodeling and inflammation in the CA3 hippocampus, making the brain prone to epileptic activity. Summary: We carried out a temporal analysis of hippocampal gene coexpression networks to identify relevant genes in a rat model of hyperthermic seizures. These genes were mostly related to immune response, cell adhesion and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatylas Azevedo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Nathália Amato Khaled
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Paula Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bernardi Bertonha
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
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Wu S, Gan G, Zhang Z, Sun J, Wang Q, Gao Z, Li M, Jin S, Huang J, Thomas U, Jiang YH, Li Y, Tian R, Zhang YQ. A Presynaptic Function of Shank Protein in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11592-11604. [PMID: 29074576 PMCID: PMC6705749 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0893-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies support that loss-of-function mutations in the SH3 domain and ankyrin repeat containing family proteins (SHANK1-3), the large synaptic scaffolding proteins enriched at the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses, are causative for autism spectrum disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. To better understand the in vivo functions of Shank and facilitate dissection of neuropathology associated with SHANK mutations in human, we generated multiple mutations in the Shank gene, the only member of the SHANK family in Drosophila melanogaster Both male and female Shank null mutants were fully viable and fertile with no apparent morphological or developmental defects. Expression analysis revealed apparent enrichment of Shank in the neuropils of the CNS. Specifically, Shank coexpressed with another PSD scaffold protein, Homer, in the calyx of mushroom bodies in the brain. Consistent with high expression in mushroom body calyces, Shank mutants show an abnormal calyx structure and reduced olfactory acuity. These morphological and functional phenotypes were fully rescued by pan-neuronal reexpression of Shank, and only partially rescued by presynaptic but no rescue by postsynaptic reexpression of Shank. Our findings thus establish a previously unappreciated presynaptic function of Shank.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mutations in SHANK family genes are causative for idiopathic autism spectrum disorder. To understand the neural function of Shank, a large scaffolding protein enriched at the postsynaptic densities, we examined the role of Drosophila Shank in synapse development at the peripheral neuromuscular junctions and the central mushroom body calyx. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to its conventional postsynaptic function, Shank also acts presynaptically in synapse development in the brain. This study offers novel insights into the synaptic role of Shank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guangming Gan
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Qifu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhongbao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meixiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shan Jin
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Juan Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ulrich Thomas
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg 39118, Germany, and
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,
| | - Yong Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,
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28
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Kawada K, Mimori S. Implication of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:147-152. [PMID: 28770435 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is categorized as a neurodevelopmental disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders, Fifth Edition and is defined as a congenital impairment of the central nervous system. ASD may be caused by a chromosomal abnormality or gene mutation. However, these etiologies are insufficient to account for the pathogenesis of ASD. Therefore, we propose that the etiology and pathogenesis of ASD are related to the stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER stress, induced by valproic acid, increased in ASD mouse model, characterized by an unfolded protein response that is activated by this stress. The inhibition of neurite outgrowth and expression of synaptic factors are observed in ASD. Similarly, ER stress suppresses the neurite outgrowth and expression of synaptic factors. Additionally, hyperplasia of the brain is observed in patients with ASD. ER stress also enhances neuronal differentiation. Synaptic factors, such as cell adhesion molecule and shank, play important roles in the formation of neural circuits. Thus, ER stress is associated with the abnormalities of neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic protein expression. ER stress elevates the expression of the ubiquitin-protein ligase HRD1 for the degradation of unfolded proteins. HRD1 expression significantly increased in the middle frontal cortex in the postmortem of patients with ASD. Moreover, HRD1 silencing improved the abnormalities induced by ER stress. Because other ubiquitin ligases are related with neurite outgrowth, ER stress may be related to the pathogenesis of neuronal developmental diseases via abnormalities of neuronal differentiation or maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kawada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan.
| | - Seisuke Mimori
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
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29
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Ponna SK, Myllykoski M, Boeckers TM, Kursula P. Structure of an unconventional SH3 domain from the postsynaptic density protein Shank3 at ultrahigh resolution. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28647360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Shank family comprises three large multi-domain proteins playing central roles as protein scaffolds in the neuronal postsynaptic density. The Shank proteins are closely linked to neuropsychiatric diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders. One characteristic domain in the Shank family is the SH3 domain, assumed to play a role in protein-protein interactions; however, no specific ligand binding to any Shank SH3 domain has been described. We solved the crystal structure of the SH3 domain from Shank3 at sub-atomic resolution. While the structure presents the canonical SH3 domain fold, the binding site for proline-rich peptides is not conserved. In line with this, no binding of Pro-rich sequences by the Shank3 SH3 domain was observed. Sequence comparisons indicate that all Shank isoforms have similarly lost the classical Pro-rich peptide binding site from the SH3 domain. Whether the corresponding site in the Shank SH3 domains has evolved to bind a non-poly-Pro target sequence is currently not known. Our work provides an intriguing example of the evolution of a well-characterized protein-protein interaction domain within the context of multi-domain protein scaffolds, allowing the conservation of structural features, but losing canonical functional sites. The data are further discussed in light of known mutations in the SH3 domain or its vicinity in the different Shank isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Kumar Ponna
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Myllykoski
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
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Zatkova M, Reichova A, Bacova Z, Strbak V, Kiss A, Bakos J. Neurite Outgrowth Stimulated by Oxytocin Is Modulated by Inhibition of the Calcium Voltage-Gated Channels. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:371-378. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zwanenburg RJ, Bocca G, Ruiter SAJ, Dillingh JH, Flapper BCT, van den Heuvel ER, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA. Is there an effect of intranasal insulin on development and behaviour in Phelan-McDermid syndrome? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1696-1701. [PMID: 27577546 PMCID: PMC5117914 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) or 22q13.3 deletion syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with at least 60 children and 35 adults diagnosed in the Netherlands. Clinical features are moderate to severe intellectual disability and behavioural problems in the autism spectrum. Other researchers had observed a beneficial effect of intranasal insulin on development and behaviour in a pilot study in six children with PMS. To validate this effect, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a stepped-wedge design. From March 2013 to June 2015, 25 children aged 1-16 years with a molecularly confirmed 22q13.3 deletion including the SHANK3 gene participated in the clinical trial for a period of 18 months. Starting 6 months before the trial, children were systematically assessed for cognitive, language and motor development and for adaptive, social and emotional behaviour every 6 months. The second, third and fourth assessments were followed by daily nose sprays containing either intranasal insulin or intranasal placebo for a 6-month period. A fifth assessment was done directly after the end of the trial. Intranasal insulin did not cause serious adverse events. It increased the level of developmental functioning by 0.4-1.4 months per 6-month period, but the effect was not statistically significant in this small group. We found a stronger effect of intranasal insulin, being significant for cognition and social skills, for children older than 3 years, who usually show a decrease of developmental growth. However, clinical trials in larger study populations are required to prove the therapeutic effect of intranasal insulin in PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée J Zwanenburg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gianni Bocca
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Selma A J Ruiter
- De Kinderacademie Groningen, Centre of Expertise for Child Development Care and Research, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Dillingh
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boudien C T Flapper
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin R van den Heuvel
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Han Q, Kim YH, Wang X, Liu D, Zhang ZJ, Bey AL, Lay M, Chang W, Berta T, Zhang Y, Jiang YH, Ji RR. SHANK3 Deficiency Impairs Heat Hyperalgesia and TRPV1 Signaling in Primary Sensory Neurons. Neuron 2016; 92:1279-1293. [PMID: 27916453 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal pain sensitivity is commonly associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and affects the life quality of ASD individuals. SHANK3 deficiency was implicated in ASD and pain dysregulation. Here, we report functional expression of SHANK3 in mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and spinal cord presynaptic terminals. Homozygous and heterozygous Shank3 complete knockout (Δe4-22) results in impaired heat hyperalgesia in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Specific deletion of Shank3 in Nav1.8-expressing sensory neurons also impairs heat hyperalgesia in homozygous and heterozygous mice. SHANK3 interacts with transient receptor potential subtype V1 (TRPV1) via Proline-rich region and regulates TRPV1 surface expression. Furthermore, capsaicin-induced spontaneous pain, inward currents in DRG neurons, and synaptic currents in spinal cord neurons are all reduced after Shank3 haploinsufficiency. Finally, partial knockdown of SHANK3 expression in human DRG neurons abrogates TRPV1 function. Our findings reveal a peripheral mechanism of SHANK3, which may underlie pain deficits in SHANK3-related ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjian Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alexandra L Bey
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark Lay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wonseok Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Temugin Berta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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33
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Actin-Dependent Alterations of Dendritic Spine Morphology in Shankopathies. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8051861. [PMID: 27795858 PMCID: PMC5067329 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8051861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank proteins (Shank1, Shank2, and Shank3) act as scaffolding molecules in the postsynaptic density of many excitatory neurons. Mutations in SHANK genes, in particular SHANK2 and SHANK3, lead to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in both human and mouse models. Shank3 proteins are made of several domains-the Shank/ProSAP N-terminal (SPN) domain, ankyrin repeats, SH3 domain, PDZ domain, a proline-rich region, and the sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain. Via various binding partners of these domains, Shank3 is able to bind and interact with a wide range of proteins including modulators of small GTPases such as RICH2, a RhoGAP protein, and βPIX, a RhoGEF protein for Rac1 and Cdc42, actin binding proteins and actin modulators. Dysregulation of all isoforms of Shank proteins, but especially Shank3, leads to alterations in spine morphogenesis, shape, and activity of the synapse via altering actin dynamics. Therefore, here, we highlight the role of Shank proteins as modulators of small GTPases and, ultimately, actin dynamics, as found in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. The failure to mediate this regulatory role might present a shared mechanism in the pathophysiology of autism-associated mutations, which leads to dysregulation of spine morphogenesis and synaptic signaling.
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34
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Reim D, Weis TM, Halbedl S, Delling JP, Grabrucker AM, Boeckers TM, Schmeisser MJ. The Shank3 Interaction Partner ProSAPiP1 Regulates Postsynaptic SPAR Levels and the Maturation of Dendritic Spines in Hippocampal Neurons. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:13. [PMID: 27252646 PMCID: PMC4877498 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The postsynaptic density or PSD is a submembranous compartment containing a wide array of proteins that contribute to both morphology and function of excitatory glutamatergic synapses. In this study, we have analyzed functional aspects of the Fezzin ProSAP-interacting protein 1 (ProSAPiP1), an interaction partner of the well-known PSD proteins Shank3 and SPAR. Using lentiviral-mediated overexpression and knockdown of ProSAPiP1, we found that this protein is dispensable for the formation of both pre- and postsynaptic specializations per se. We further show that ProSAPiP1 regulates SPAR levels at the PSD and the maturation of dendritic spines. In line with previous findings on the ProSAPiP1 homolog PSD-Zip70, we conclude that Fezzins essentially contribute to the maturation of excitatory spine synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Reim
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany; International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Weis
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany; International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | - Sonja Halbedl
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany; International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Delling
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany; International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | - Andreas M Grabrucker
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany; WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | | | - Michael J Schmeisser
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany; Department of Neurology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
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35
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Heise C, Schroeder JC, Schoen M, Halbedl S, Reim D, Woelfle S, Kreutz MR, Schmeisser MJ, Boeckers TM. Selective Localization of Shanks to VGLUT1-Positive Excitatory Synapses in the Mouse Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:106. [PMID: 27199660 PMCID: PMC4844616 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Shank family of multidomain proteins (Shank1, Shank2, and Shank3) are core components of the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses. At synaptic sites Shanks serve as scaffolding molecules that cluster neurotransmitter receptors as well as cell adhesion molecules attaching them to the actin cytoskeleton. In this study we investigated the synapse specific localization of Shank1-3 and focused on well-defined synaptic contacts within the hippocampal formation. We found that all three family members are present only at VGLUT1-positive synapses, which is particularly visible at mossy fiber contacts. No costaining was found at VGLUT2-positive contacts indicating that the molecular organization of VGLUT2-associated PSDs diverges from classical VGLUT1-positive excitatory contacts in the hippocampus. In light of SHANK mutations in neuropsychiatric disorders, this study indicates which glutamatergic networks within the hippocampus will be primarily affected by shankopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Heise
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany; RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan C Schroeder
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schoen
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University Ulm, Germany
| | - Sonja Halbedl
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Reim
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Woelfle
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael J Schmeisser
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany; Department of Neurology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
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