1
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Spinelli S, Barbieri F, Averna M, Florio T, Pedrazzi M, Tremonti BF, Capraro M, De Tullio R. Expression of calpastatin hcast 3-25 and activity of the calpain/calpastatin system in human glioblastoma stem cells: possible involvement of hcast 3-25 in cell differentiation. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1359956. [PMID: 39139809 PMCID: PMC11319182 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1359956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor, characterized by cell heterogeneity comprising stem cells (GSCs) responsible for aggressiveness. The calpain/calpastatin (calp/cast) proteolytic system is involved in critical physiological processes and cancer progression. In this work we showed the expression profile of hcast 3-25 (a Type III calpastatin variant devoid of inhibitory units) and the members of the system in several patient-derived GSCs exploring the relationship between hcast 3-25 and activation/activity of calpains. Each GSC shows a peculiar calp/cast mRNA and protein expression pattern, and hcast 3-25 is the least expressed. Differentiation promotes upregulation of all the calp/cast system components except hcast 3-25 mRNA, which increased or decreased depending on individual GSC culture. Transfection of hcast 3-25-V5 into two selected GSCs indicated that hcast 3-25 effectively associates with calpains, supporting the digestion of selected calpain targets. Hcast 3-25 possibly affects the stem state promoting a differentiated, less aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Spinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), Section of Pharmacology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Averna
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), Section of Pharmacology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Pedrazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Beatrice F. Tremonti
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), Section of Pharmacology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Capraro
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta De Tullio
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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2
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Sharma A, Sari E, Lee Y, Patel S, Brenner M, Marambaud P, Wang P. Extracellular CIRP Induces Calpain Activation in Neurons via PLC-IP 3-Dependent Calcium Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3311-3328. [PMID: 36853429 PMCID: PMC10506840 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal calcium homeostasis, activation of protease calpain, generation of p25 and hyperactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurogenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. We have recently shown that extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) induces Cdk5 activation via p25. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which eCIRP regulates calcium signaling and calpain remains to be addressed. We hypothesized that eCIRP regulates p25 via Ca2+-dependent calpain activation. eCIRP increased calpain activity and decreased the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin in Neuro 2a (N2a) cells. Calpain inhibition with calpeptin attenuated eCIRP-induced calpain activity and p25. eCIRP specifically upregulated cytosolic calpain 1, and calpain 1 silencing attenuated the eCIRP-induced increase in p25. eCIRP stimulation increased cytosolic free Ca2+, especially in hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells, which was attenuated by the eCIRP inhibitor Compound 23 (C23). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibition using 2-aminoethoxy-diphenyl-borate or xestospongin-C (X-C), interleukin-6 receptor alpha (IL-6Rα)-neutralization, and phospholipase C (PLC) inhibition with U73122 attenuated eCIRP-induced Ca2+ increase, while Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane remained unaffected by eCIRP. Finally, C23, IL-6Rα antibody, U73122 and X-C attenuated eCIRP-induced p25 in HT-22 cells. In conclusion, the current study uncovers eCIRP-triggered Ca2+ release from ER stores in an IL-6Rα/PLC/IP3-dependent manner as a novel molecular mechanism underlying eCIRP's induction of Cdk5 activity and potential involvement in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Sharma
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Ezgi Sari
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Yongchan Lee
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Shivani Patel
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Max Brenner
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- The Litwin-Zucker Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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3
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Malik AM, Wu JJ, Gillies CA, Doctrove QA, Li X, Huang H, Tank EHM, Shakkottai VG, Barmada S. Neuronal activity regulates Matrin 3 abundance and function in a calcium-dependent manner through calpain-mediated cleavage and calmodulin binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206217120. [PMID: 37011198 PMCID: PMC10104577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206217120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein (RBP) dysfunction is a fundamental hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and related neuromuscular disorders. Abnormal neuronal excitability is also a conserved feature in ALS patients and disease models, yet little is known about how activity-dependent processes regulate RBP levels and functions. Mutations in the gene encoding the RBP Matrin 3 (MATR3) cause familial disease, and MATR3 pathology has also been observed in sporadic ALS, suggesting a key role for MATR3 in disease pathogenesis. Here, we show that glutamatergic activity drives MATR3 degradation through an NMDA receptor-, Ca2+-, and calpain-dependent mechanism. The most common pathogenic MATR3 mutation renders it resistant to calpain degradation, suggesting a link between activity-dependent MATR3 regulation and disease. We also demonstrate that Ca2+ regulates MATR3 through a nondegradative process involving the binding of Ca2+/calmodulin to MATR3 and inhibition of its RNA-binding ability. These findings indicate that neuronal activity impacts both the abundance and function of MATR3, underscoring the effect of activity on RBPs and providing a foundation for further study of Ca2+-coupled regulation of RBPs implicated in ALS and related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Malik
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Josephine J. Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Christie A. Gillies
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Quinlan A. Doctrove
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Postbac Research Education Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Xingli Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Haoran Huang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | | | | | - Sami Barmada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
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4
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Rao MV, Darji S, Stavrides PH, Goulbourne CN, Kumar A, Yang DS, Yoo L, Peddy J, Lee JH, Yuan A, Nixon RA. Autophagy is a novel pathway for neurofilament protein degradation in vivo. Autophagy 2023; 19:1277-1292. [PMID: 36131358 PMCID: PMC10012948 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2124500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
How macroautophagy/autophagy influences neurofilament (NF) proteins in neurons, a frequent target in neurodegenerative diseases and injury, is not known. NFs in axons have exceptionally long half-lives in vivo enabling formation of large stable supporting networks, but they can be rapidly degraded during Wallerian degeneration initiated by a limited calpain cleavage. Here, we identify autophagy as a previously unrecognized pathway for NF subunit protein degradation that modulates constitutive and inducible NF turnover in vivo. Levels of NEFL/NF-L, NEFM/NF-M, and NEFH/NF-H subunits rise substantially in neuroblastoma (N2a) cells after blocking autophagy either with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), by depleting ATG5 expression with shRNA, or by using both treatments. In contrast, activating autophagy with rapamycin significantly lowers NF levels in N2a cells. In the mouse brain, NF subunit levels increase in vivo after intracerebroventricular infusion of 3-MA. Furthermore, using tomographic confocal microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, and biochemical fractionation, we demonstrate the presence of NF proteins intra-lumenally within autophagosomes (APs), autolysosomes (ALs), and lysosomes (LYs). Our findings establish a prominent role for autophagy in NF proteolysis. Autophagy may regulate axon cytoskeleton size and responses of the NF cytoskeleton to injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala V Rao
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandipkumar Darji
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Philip H Stavrides
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Chris N Goulbourne
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Asok Kumar
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Dun-Sheng Yang
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lang Yoo
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - James Peddy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aidong Yuan
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Cell Biology, NewYork University Langone Medical Center, NY, USA.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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5
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da Silva BPM, Fanalli SL, Gomes JD, de Almeida VV, Fukumasu H, Freitas FAO, Moreira GCM, Silva-Vignato B, Reecy JM, Koltes JE, Koltes D, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, de Alencar SM, da Silva JPM, Coutinho LL, Afonso J, Regitano LCDA, Mourão GB, Luchiari Filho A, Cesar ASM. Brain fatty acid and transcriptome profiles of pig fed diets with different levels of soybean oil. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:91. [PMID: 36855067 PMCID: PMC9976441 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high similarity in anatomical and neurophysiological processes between pigs and humans make pigs an excellent model for metabolic diseases and neurological disorders. Lipids are essential for brain structure and function, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have anti-inflammatory and positive effects against cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Nutrigenomics studies involving pigs and fatty acids (FA) may help us in better understanding important biological processes. In this study, the main goal was to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary soybean oil on the lipid profile and transcriptome in pigs' brain tissue. RESULTS Thirty-six male Large White pigs were used in a 98-day study using two experimental diets corn-soybean meal diet containing 1.5% soybean oil (SOY1.5) and corn-soybean meal diet containing 3.0% soybean oil (SOY3.0). No differences were found for the brain total lipid content and FA profile between the different levels of soybean oil. For differential expression analysis, using the DESeq2 statistical package, a total of 34 differentially expressed genes (DEG, FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05) were identified. Of these 34 DEG, 25 are known-genes, of which 11 were up-regulated (log2 fold change ranging from + 0.25 to + 2.93) and 14 were down-regulated (log2 fold change ranging from - 3.43 to -0.36) for the SOY1.5 group compared to SOY3.0. For the functional enrichment analysis performed using MetaCore with the 34 DEG, four pathway maps were identified (p-value < 0.05), related to the ALOX15B (log2 fold change - 1.489), CALB1 (log2 fold change - 3.431) and CAST (log2 fold change + 0.421) genes. A "calcium transport" network (p-value = 2.303e-2), related to the CAST and CALB1 genes, was also identified. CONCLUSION The results found in this study contribute to understanding the pathways and networks associated with processes involved in intracellular calcium, lipid metabolism, and oxidative processes in the brain tissue. Moreover, these results may help a better comprehension of the modulating effects of soybean oil and its FA composition on processes and diseases affecting the brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pereira Martins da Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simara Larissa Fanalli
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Dezen Gomes
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vezzoni de Almeida
- grid.411195.90000 0001 2192 5801College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás Brazil
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe André Oliveira Freitas
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Silva-Vignato
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Mark Reecy
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - James Eugene Koltes
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Dawn Koltes
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Pereira Martins da Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Afonso
- grid.460200.00000 0004 0541 873XEmbrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albino Luchiari Filho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Mello Cesar
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Yang Q, Ye H, Sun G, Wang K, Dai L, Qiu C, Shi J, Zhu J, Wang X, Wang P. Human Proteome Microarray identifies autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens as serological biomarkers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:887-900. [PMID: 36587394 PMCID: PMC10158779 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the high-efficiency and non-invasive biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection is urgently needed. This study aims to screen out potential autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens (TAAbs) and to assess their diagnostic value for HCC. Fifteen potential TAAbs were screened out from the Human Proteome Microarray by 30 HCC sera and 22 normal control sera, of which eight passed multiple-stage validations by ELISA with a total of 1625 human serum samples from normal controls (NCs) and patients with HCC, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis B, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. Finally, an immunodiagnostic model including six TAAbs (RAD23A, CAST, RUNX1T1, PAIP1, SARS, PRKCZ) was constructed by logistic regression, and yielded the area under curve (AUC) of 0.835 and 0.788 in training and validation sets, respectively. The serial serum samples from HCC model mice were tested to explore the change in TAAbs during HCC formation, and an increasing level of autoantibodies was observed. In conclusion, the panel of six TAAbs can provide potential value for HCC detection, and the strategy to identify novel serological biomarkers can also provide new clues in understanding immunodiagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, China.,Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Hua Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Guiying Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Keyan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Liping Dai
- The State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Cuipeng Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Jicun Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, China
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7
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Knaryan VH, Sarukhanyan FP. [Ca2+-regulated enzymes calpain and calcineurin in neurodegenerative processes and prospects for neuroprotective pharmacotherapy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:32-40. [PMID: 37490663 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312307132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and Ca2+-regulated enzymes calpain and calcineurin are the key molecules of signaling mechanisms in neurons and ensure the normal course of intracellular neurochemical and neurophysiological processes. The imbalance and increase in the intracellular level of Ca2+ correlates with the activation of calpain and calcineurin. Inactivation of endogenous inhibitors and/or absence of exogenous pharmacological inhibitors of these enzymes may induce a cascade of intracellular mechanisms that are detrimental to the structural integrity and functional activity of neurons. The interrelated processes of Ca2+ imbalance, dysregulation of calpain and calcineurin are directly related to the development of intracellular pathophysiological reactions leading to the degeneration and death of selective neuronal populations in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The review briefly presents the characteristics of calpain and calcineurin, their interrelated role in the neurodegeneration processes. Data on the efficiency of the exogenous inhibitors (in vivo, in vitro) point out the potential role of pharmacological regulation of calpain and calcineurin for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Knaryan
- Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - F P Sarukhanyan
- Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
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8
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Weber JJ, Anger SC, Pereira Sena P, Incebacak Eltemur RD, Huridou C, Fath F, Gross C, Casadei N, Riess O, Nguyen HP. Calpains as novel players in the molecular pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 17. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:262. [PMID: 35482253 PMCID: PMC9050766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine-encoding trinucleotide repeat expansion in the gene of transcription factor TATA box-binding protein (TBP). While its underlying pathomechanism is elusive, polyglutamine-expanded TBP fragments of unknown origin mediate the mutant protein’s toxicity. Calcium-dependent calpain proteases are protagonists in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we demonstrate that calpains cleave TBP, and emerging C-terminal fragments mislocalize to the cytoplasm. SCA17 cell and rat models exhibited calpain overactivation, leading to excessive fragmentation and depletion of neuronal proteins in vivo. Transcriptome analysis of SCA17 cells revealed synaptogenesis and calcium signaling perturbations, indicating the potential cause of elevated calpain activity. Pharmacological or genetic calpain inhibition reduced TBP cleavage and aggregation, consequently improving cell viability. Our work underlines the general significance of calpains and their activating pathways in neurodegenerative disorders and presents these proteases as novel players in the molecular pathogenesis of SCA17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonasz Jeremiasz Weber
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Cari Anger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Priscila Pereira Sena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School of Cellular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rana Dilara Incebacak Eltemur
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chrisovalantou Huridou
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Fath
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caspar Gross
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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9
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Özer PZ, Koyunoğlu D, Son ÇD, Yurter HE, Bora G. SMN loss dysregulates microtubule-associated proteins in spinal muscular atrophy model. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 120:103725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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10
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Perez-Siles G, Ellis M, Ashe A, Grosz B, Vucic S, Kiernan MC, Morris KA, Reddel SW, Kennerson ML. A Compound Heterozygous Mutation in Calpain 1 Identifies a New Genetic Cause for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 4 (SMA4). Front Genet 2022; 12:801253. [PMID: 35126465 PMCID: PMC8807693 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.801253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular diseases characterized by degeneration of anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, leading to muscular atrophy and weakness. Although the major cause of SMA is autosomal recessive exon deletions or loss-of-function mutations of survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, next generation sequencing technologies are increasing the genetic heterogeneity of SMA. SMA type 4 (SMA4) is an adult onset, less severe form of SMA for which genetic and pathogenic causes remain elusive.Whole exome sequencing in a 30-year-old brother and sister with SMA4 identified a compound heterozygous mutation (p. G492R/p. F610C) in calpain-1 (CAPN1). Mutations in CAPN1 have been previously associated with cerebellar ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia. Using skin fibroblasts from a patient bearing the p. G492R/p. F610C mutation, we demonstrate reduced levels of CAPN1 protein and protease activity. Functional characterization of the SMA4 fibroblasts revealed no changes in SMN protein levels and subcellular distribution. Additional cellular pathways associated with SMA remain unaffected in the patient fibroblasts, highlighting the tissue specificity of CAPN1 dysfunction in SMA4 pathophysiology. This study provides genetic and functional evidence of CAPN1 as a novel gene for the SMA4 phenotype and expands the phenotype of CAPN1 mutation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Perez-Siles
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: G. Perez-Siles , ; M. L. Kennerson,
| | - M. Ellis
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A. Ashe
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B. Grosz
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S. Vucic
- Brain and Nerve Research Center, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M. C. Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K. A. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S. W. Reddel
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M. L. Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: G. Perez-Siles , ; M. L. Kennerson,
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11
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De Marco G, Lomartire A, Manera U, Canosa A, Grassano M, Casale F, Fuda G, Salamone P, Rinaudo MT, Colombatto S, Moglia C, Chiò A, Calvo A. Effects of intracellular calcium accumulation on proteins encoded by the major genes underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:395. [PMID: 35013445 PMCID: PMC8748718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is still poorly understood. The discovery of genetic forms of ALS pointed out the mechanisms underlying this pathology, but also showed how complex these mechanisms are. Excitotoxicity is strongly suspected to play a role in ALS pathogenesis. Excitotoxicity is defined as neuron damage due to excessive intake of calcium ions (Ca2+) by the cell. This study aims to find a relationship between the proteins coded by the most relevant genes associated with ALS and intracellular Ca2+ accumulation. In detail, the profile of eight proteins (TDP-43, C9orf72, p62/sequestosome-1, matrin-3, VCP, FUS, SOD1 and profilin-1), was analysed in three different cell types induced to raise their cytoplasmic amount of Ca2+. Intracellular Ca2+ accumulation causes a decrease in the levels of TDP-43, C9orf72, matrin3, VCP, FUS, SOD1 and profilin-1 and an increase in those of p62/sequestosome-1. These events are associated with the proteolytic action of two proteases, calpains and caspases, as well as with the activation of autophagy. Interestingly, Ca2+ appears to both favour and hinder autophagy. Understanding how and why calpain-mediated proteolysis and autophagy, which are physiological processes, become pathological may elucidate the mechanisms responsible for ALS and help discover new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Marco
- Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy. .,Neurology Unit 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Annarosa Lomartire
- Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Manera
- Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Canosa
- Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Neurology Unit 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Grassano
- Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Casale
- Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fuda
- Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolina Salamone
- Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Neurology Unit 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Rinaudo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, via Michelangelo 27/b, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Colombatto
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, via Michelangelo 27/b, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Moglia
- Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Neurology Unit 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Neurology Unit 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Via Verdi, 8, 10124, Turin, Italy.,Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, C.N.R., Via S. Martino della Battaglia, 44, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Neurology Unit 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Via Verdi, 8, 10124, Turin, Italy
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12
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Calpain Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutic Modulators in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1125-1149. [PMID: 34982393 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is considered a significant challenge to understand the neuronal cell death mechanisms with a suitable cure for neurodegenerative disorders in the coming years. Calpains are one of the best-considered "cysteine proteases activated" in brain disorders. Calpain is an important marker and mediator in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. Calpain activation being the essential neurodegenerative factor causing apoptotic machinery activation, it is crucial to develop reliable and effective approaches to prevent calpain-mediated apoptosis in degenerating neurons. It has been recently seen that the "inhibition of calpain activation" has appeared as a possible therapeutic target for managing neurodegenerative diseases. A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was conducted. The present article reviews the basic pathobiology and role of selective calpain inhibitors used in various neurodegenerative diseases as a therapeutic target.
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13
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Cell Stress Induces Mislocalization of Transcription Factors with Mitochondrial Enrichment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168853. [PMID: 34445555 PMCID: PMC8396249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence links the formation of extranuclear inclusions of transcription factors, such as ERK, Jun, TDP-43, and REST, with oxidative, endoplasmic-reticulum, proteasomal, and osmotic stress. To further characterize its extranuclear location, we performed a high-content screening based on confocal microscopy and automatized image analyses of an epithelial cell culture treated with hydrogen peroxide, thapsigargin, epoxomicin, or sorbitol at different concentrations and times to recreate the stresses mentioned above. We also performed a subcellular fractionation of the brain from transgenic mice overexpressing the Q331K-mutated TARDBP, and we analyzed the REST-regulated mRNAs. The results show that these nuclear proteins exhibit a mitochondrial location, together with significant nuclear/extranuclear ratio changes, in a protein and stress-specific manner. The presence of these proteins in enriched mitochondrial fractions in vivo confirmed the results of the image analyses. TDP-43 aggregation was associated with alterations in the mRNA levels of the REST target genes involved in calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and metabolism. In conclusion, cell stress increased the mitochondrial translocation of nuclear proteins, increasing the chance of proteostasis alterations. Furthermore, TDP-43 aggregation impacts REST target genes, disclosing an exciting interaction between these two transcription factors in neurodegenerative processes.
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14
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Weber JJ, Haas E, Maringer Y, Hauser S, Casadei NLP, Chishti AH, Riess O, Hübener-Schmid J. Calpain-1 ablation partially rescues disease-associated hallmarks in models of Machado-Joseph disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:892-906. [PMID: 31960910 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic fragmentation of polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-3 is a concomitant and modifier of the molecular pathogenesis of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), the most common autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia. Calpains, a group of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, are important mediators of ataxin-3 cleavage and implicated in multiple neurodegenerative conditions. Pharmacologic and genetic approaches lowering calpain activity showed beneficial effects on molecular and behavioural disease characteristics in MJD model organisms. However, specifically targeting one of the calpain isoforms by genetic means has not yet been evaluated as a potential therapeutic strategy. In our study, we tested whether calpains are overactivated in the MJD context and if reduction or ablation of calpain-1 expression ameliorates the disease-associated phenotype in MJD cells and mice. In all analysed MJD models, we detected an elevated calpain activity at baseline. Lowering or removal of calpain-1 in cells or mice counteracted calpain system overactivation and led to reduced cleavage of ataxin-3 without affecting its aggregation. Moreover, calpain-1 knockout in YAC84Q mice alleviated excessive fragmentation of important synaptic proteins. Despite worsening some motor characteristics, YAC84Q mice showed a rescue of body weight loss and extended survival upon calpain-1 knockout. Together, our findings emphasize the general potential of calpains as a therapeutic target in MJD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonasz J Weber
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Eva Haas
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Yacine Maringer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Nicolas L P Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Athar H Chishti
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jeannette Hübener-Schmid
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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15
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Suk TR, Rousseaux MWC. The role of TDP-43 mislocalization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:45. [PMID: 32799899 PMCID: PMC7429473 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery as a primary component in cytoplasmic aggregates in post-mortem tissue of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), TAR DNA Binding Protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) has remained a central focus to understand the disease. TDP-43 links both familial and sporadic forms of ALS as mutations are causative for disease and cytoplasmic aggregates are a hallmark of nearly all cases, regardless of TDP-43 mutational status. Research has focused on the formation and consequences of cytosolic protein aggregates as drivers of ALS pathology through both gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms. Not only does aggregation sequester the normal function of TDP-43, but these aggregates also actively block normal cellular processes inevitably leading to cellular demise in a short time span. Although there may be some benefit to therapeutically targeting TDP-43 aggregation, this step may be too late in disease development to have substantial therapeutic benefit. However, TDP-43 pathology appears to be tightly linked with its mislocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, making it difficult to decouple the consequences of nuclear-to-cytoplasmic mislocalization from protein aggregation. Studies focusing on the effects of TDP-43 mislocalization have demonstrated both gain- and loss-of-function consequences including altered splicing regulation, over responsiveness to cellular stressors, increases in DNA damage, and transcriptome-wide changes. Additionally, mutations in TARDBP confer a baseline increase in cytoplasmic TDP-43 thus suggesting that small changes in the subcellular localization of TDP-43 could in fact drive early pathology. In this review, we bring forth the theme of protein mislocalization as a key mechanism underlying ALS, by highlighting the importance of maintaining subcellular proteostasis along with the gain- and loss-of-functional consequences when TDP-43 localization is dysregulated. Additional research, focusing on early events in TDP-43 pathogenesis (i.e. to the protein mislocalization stage) will provide insight into disease mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and novel biomarkers for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry R. Suk
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maxime W. C. Rousseaux
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Canada
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16
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de la Fuente S, Sansa A, Hidalgo I, Vivancos N, Romero-Guevara R, Garcera A, Soler RM. Calpain system is altered in survival motor neuron-reduced cells from in vitro and in vivo spinal muscular atrophy models. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:487. [PMID: 32587237 PMCID: PMC7316821 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disorder caused by loss of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMA is characterized by the degeneration of spinal cord motoneurons (MNs), progressive skeletal muscle atrophy, and weakness. The cellular and molecular mechanisms causing MN loss of function are only partially known. Recent advances in SMA research postulate the role of calpain protease regulating survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and the positive effect on SMA phenotype of treatment with calpain inhibitors. We analyzed the level of calpain pathway members in mice and human cellular SMA models. Results indicate an increase of calpain activity in SMN-reduced MNs. Spinal cord analysis of SMA mice treated with calpeptin, a calpain inhibitor, showed an increase of SMN, calpain, and its endogenous inhibitor calpastatin in MNs. Finally, in vitro calpeptin treatment prevented microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) increase in MNs neurites, indicating that calpain inhibition may reduce autophagosome accumulation in neuron prolongations, but not in soma. Thus, our results show that calpain activity is increased in SMA MNs and its inhibition may have a beneficial effect on SMA phenotype through the increase of SMN in spinal cord MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra de la Fuente
- Neuronal Signaling Unit, Experimental Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Rovira Roure, 80, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Alba Sansa
- Neuronal Signaling Unit, Experimental Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Rovira Roure, 80, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Iván Hidalgo
- Neuronal Signaling Unit, Experimental Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Rovira Roure, 80, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Nuria Vivancos
- Neuronal Signaling Unit, Experimental Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Rovira Roure, 80, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Ricardo Romero-Guevara
- Metabolic Physiopathology Group, Experimental Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Garcera
- Neuronal Signaling Unit, Experimental Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Rovira Roure, 80, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Rosa M Soler
- Neuronal Signaling Unit, Experimental Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Rovira Roure, 80, Lleida, 25198, Spain.
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17
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Bk B, Skuntz S, Prochazkova M, Kesavapany S, Amin ND, Shukla V, Grant P, Kulkarni AB, Pant HC. Overexpression of the Cdk5 inhibitory peptide in motor neurons rescue of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype in a mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3175-3187. [PMID: 31189016 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Etiological mechanisms underlying the disease remain poorly understood; recent studies suggest that deregulation of p25/Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) activity leads to the hyperphosphorylation of Tau and neurofilament (NF) proteins in ALS transgenic mouse model (SOD1G37R). A Cdk5 involvement in motor neuron degeneration is supported by analysis of three SOD1G37R mouse lines exhibiting perikaryal inclusions of NF proteins and hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of Cdk5/p25 hyperactivation in vivo is a neuroprotective factor during ALS pathogenesis by crossing the new transgenic mouse line that overexpresses Cdk5 inhibitory peptide (CIP) in motor neurons with the SOD1G37R, ALS mouse model (TriTg mouse line). The overexpression of CIP in the motor neurons significantly improves motor deficits, extends survival and delays pathology in brain and spinal cord of TriTg mice. In addition, overexpression of CIP in motor neurons significantly delays neuroinflammatory responses in TriTg mouse. Taken together, these data suggest that CIP may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binukumar Bk
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Susan Skuntz
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michaela Prochazkova
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sashi Kesavapany
- National Institute of Health Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Niranjana D Amin
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Varsha Shukla
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Grant
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harish C Pant
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Zhang Z, Tian Y, Ye K. δ-secretase in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms, regulators and therapeutic opportunities. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:1. [PMID: 31911834 PMCID: PMC6943888 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) is a cysteine protease that cleaves its protein substrates on the C-terminal side of asparagine residues. Converging lines of evidence indicate that AEP may be involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia. AEP is activated in the aging brain, cleaves amyloid precursor protein (APP) and promotes the production of amyloid-β (Aβ). We renamed AEP to δ-secretase to emphasize its role in APP fragmentation and Aβ production. AEP also cleaves other substrates, such as tau, α-synuclein, SET, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43, generating neurotoxic fragments and disturbing their physiological functions. The activity of δ-secretase is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. Here, we review the recent advances in the role of δ-secretase in neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on its biochemical properties and the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of its activity, and discuss the clinical implications of δ-secretase as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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19
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Liu W, Zhou X, Wang Y, Dong L, Jia D, Ye Q. Dexmedetomidine prevents desflurane-induced motor neuron death through NF-KappaB pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:21-27. [PMID: 31774572 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Desflurane is one of the commonly used general anaesthetics. Recently, it was reported that desflurane caused neurotoxicity, raising concerns in clinical use. In this study, we found desflurane could affect viability and maturation in motor neurons. Dexmedetomidine, a α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, could attenuate the effect of desflurane on motor neurons. This process was mediated by NF-KappaB signalling. Interestingly, we also found that dexmedetomidine could recover the lesion in motor function and memory impaired by desflurane. Collectively, our results showed the neurotoxic effect of desflurane in motor neurons. More importantly, this process was alleviated by dexmedetomidine, potentially showing its application in protecting motor neuron from neurotoxic agents. Significance of the study: This work provides the evidence to support the protective role of dexmedetomidine in desflurane-induced motor neuron death. Since desflurane is a widely used anaesthetic in surgery and leads to neuron death, the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine holds promising clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Longcai Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital of Shizuishan City, Shizuishan, China
| | - Danting Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qingshan Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
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20
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A novel homozygous nonsense mutation in CAST associated with PLACK syndrome. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 378:267-277. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Dekker AM, Diekstra FP, Pulit SL, Tazelaar GHP, van der Spek RA, van Rheenen W, van Eijk KR, Calvo A, Brunetti M, Damme PV, Robberecht W, Hardiman O, McLaughlin R, Chiò A, Sendtner M, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH, Pardina JSM, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH. Exome array analysis of rare and low frequency variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5931. [PMID: 30976013 PMCID: PMC6459905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects 1 in ~350 individuals. Genetic association studies have established ALS as a multifactorial disease with heritability estimated at ~61%, and recent studies show a prominent role for rare variation in its genetic architecture. To identify rare variants associated with disease onset we performed exome array genotyping in 4,244 cases and 3,106 controls from European cohorts. In this largest exome-wide study of rare variants in ALS to date, we performed single-variant association testing, gene-based burden, and exome-wide individual set-unique burden (ISUB) testing to identify single or aggregated rare variation that modifies disease risk. In single-variant testing no variants reached exome-wide significance, likely due to limited statistical power. Gene-based burden testing of rare non-synonymous and loss-of-function variants showed NEK1 as the top associated gene. ISUB analysis did not show an increased exome-wide burden of deleterious variants in patients, possibly suggesting a more region-specific role for rare variation. Complete summary statistics are released publicly. This study did not implicate new risk loci, emphasizing the immediate need for future large-scale collaborations in ALS that will expand available sample sizes, increase genome coverage, and improve our ability to detect rare variants associated to ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelot M Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P Diekstra
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H P Tazelaar
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rick A van der Spek
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Calvo
- Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maura Brunetti
- Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven, Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Robberecht
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven, Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Russell McLaughlin
- Population Genetics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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22
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Killing Two Angry Birds with One Stone: Autophagy Activation by Inhibiting Calpains in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Beyond. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4741252. [PMID: 30895192 PMCID: PMC6393885 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4741252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic machineries execute vital cellular functions and their disturbances are implicated in diverse medical conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, calpains, a class of Ca2+-dependent regulatory proteases, can modulate the degradational system of autophagy by cleaving proteins involved in this pathway. Moreover, both machineries are common players in many molecular pathomechanisms and have been targeted individually or together, as a therapeutic strategy in experimental setups. In this review, we briefly introduce calpains and autophagy, with their roles in health and disease, and focus on their direct pathologically relevant interplay in neurodegeneration and beyond. The modulation of calpain activity may comprise a promising treatment approach to attenuate the deregulation of these two essential mechanisms.
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23
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Hassen GW, Kesner L, Stracher A, Shulman A, Rockenstein E, Mante M, Adame A, Overk C, Rissman RA, Masliah E. Effects of Novel Calpain Inhibitors in Transgenic Animal Model of Parkinson's disease/dementia with Lewy bodies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18083. [PMID: 30591714 PMCID: PMC6308237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are neurodegenerative disorders of the aging population characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn). The mechanisms triggering α-syn toxicity are not completely understood, however, c-terminus truncation of α-syn by proteases such as calpain may have a role. Therefore, inhibition of calpain may be of value. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemically administered novel low molecular weight calpain inhibitors on α-syn pathology in a transgenic mouse model. For this purpose, non-tg and α-syn tg mice received the calpain inhibitors - Gabadur, Neurodur or a vehicle, twice a day for 30 days. Immunocytochemical analysis showed a 60% reduction in α-syn deposition using Gabadur and a 40% reduction using Neurodur with a concomitant reduction in c-terminus α-syn and improvements in neurodegeneration. Western blot analysis showed a 77% decrease in α-spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs) SBDPs with Gabadur and 63% reduction using Neurodur. There was a 65% reduction in the active calpain form with Gabadur and a 45% reduction with Neurodur. Moreover, treatment with calpain inhibitors improved activity performance of the α-syn tg mice. Taken together, this study suggests that calpain inhibition might be considered in the treatment of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getaw Worku Hassen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Medical College, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, USA
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Leo Kesner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Medical College, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, USA
| | - Alfred Stracher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Medical College, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, USA
| | - Abraham Shulman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA.
- Division of Neurosciences and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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24
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Mitochondrial calcium signalling and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuronal Signal 2018; 2:NS20180061. [PMID: 32714593 PMCID: PMC7373239 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is utilised by cells in signalling and in regulating ATP production; it also contributes to cell survival and, when concentrations are unbalanced, triggers pathways for cell death. Mitochondria contribute to calcium buffering, meaning that mitochondrial calcium uptake and release is intimately related to cytosolic calcium concentrations. This review focuses on the proteins contributing to mitochondrial calcium homoeostasis, the roles of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and mitochondrial calcium-activated proteins, and their relevance in neurodegenerative pathologies. It also covers alterations to calcium homoeostasis in Friedreich ataxia (FA).
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25
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Weber JJ, Kloock SJ, Nagel M, Ortiz-Rios MM, Hofmann J, Riess O, Nguyen HP. Calpastatin ablation aggravates the molecular phenotype in cell and animal models of Huntington disease. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:94-106. [PMID: 29355642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the molecular pathology of Huntington disease is of particular importance, not only for a better understanding of this neurodegenerative disease, but also to identify potential therapeutic targets. The polyglutamine-expanded disease protein huntingtin was shown to undergo proteolysis, which results in the accumulation of toxic and aggregation-prone fragments. Amongst several classes of proteolytic enzymes responsible for huntingtin processing, the group of calcium-activated calpains has been found to be a significant mediator of the disease protein toxicity. To confirm the impact of calpain-mediated huntingtin cleavage in Huntington disease, we analysed the effect of depleting or overexpressing the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin in HEK293T cells transfected with wild-type or polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin. Moreover, we crossbred huntingtin knock-in mice with calpastatin knockout animals to assess its effect not only on huntingtin cleavage and aggregation but also additional molecular markers. We demonstrated that a reduced or ablated expression of calpastatin triggers calpain overactivation and a consequently increased mutant huntingtin cleavage in cells and in vivo. These alterations were accompanied by an elevated formation of predominantly cytoplasmic huntingtin aggregates. On the other hand, overexpression of calpastatin in cells attenuated huntingtin fragmentation and aggregation. In addition, we observed an enhanced cleavage of DARPP-32, p35 and synapsin-1 in neuronal tissue upon calpain overactivation. Our results corroborate the important role of calpains in the molecular pathogenesis of Huntington disease and endorse targeting these proteolytic enzymes as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonasz Jeremiasz Weber
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Simon Johannes Kloock
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Maike Nagel
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Midea Malena Ortiz-Rios
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Julian Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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26
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Protective effect of calpeptin on acrylamide-induced microtubule injury in sciatic nerve. Toxicology 2018; 409:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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de la Fuente S, Sansa A, Periyakaruppiah A, Garcera A, Soler RM. Calpain Inhibition Increases SMN Protein in Spinal Cord Motoneurons and Ameliorates the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Phenotype in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4414-4427. [PMID: 30327977 PMCID: PMC6505520 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a leading genetic cause of infant death, is caused by the loss of survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMA is characterized by the degeneration and loss of spinal cord motoneurons (MNs), muscular atrophy, and weakness. SMN2 is the centromeric duplication of the SMN gene, whose numbers of copies determine the intracellular levels of SMN protein and define the disease onset and severity. It has been demonstrated that elevating SMN levels can be an important strategy in treating SMA and can be achieved by several mechanisms, including promotion of protein stability. SMN protein is a direct target of the calcium-dependent protease calpain and induces its proteolytic cleavage in muscle cells. In this study, we examined the involvement of calpain in SMN regulation on MNs. In vitro experiments showed that calpain activation induces SMN cleavage in CD1 and SMA mouse spinal cord MNs. Additionally, calpain 1 knockdown or inhibition increased SMN level and prevent neurite degeneration in these cells. We examined the effects of calpain inhibition on the phenotype of two severe SMA mouse models. Treatment with the calpain inhibitor, calpeptin, significantly improved the lifespan and motor function of these mice. Our observations show that calpain regulates SMN level in MNs and calpeptin administration improves SMA phenotype demonstrating the potential utility of calpain inhibitors in SMA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra de la Fuente
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Department Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Alba Sansa
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Department Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ambika Periyakaruppiah
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Department Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Garcera
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Department Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosa M Soler
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Department Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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28
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Numata-Uematsu Y, Wakatsuki S, Nagano S, Shibata M, Sakai K, Ichinohe N, Mikoshiba K, Ohshima T, Yamashita N, Goshima Y, Araki T. Inhibition of collapsin response mediator protein-2 phosphorylation ameliorates motor phenotype of ALS model mice expressing SOD1G93A. Neurosci Res 2018; 139:63-68. [PMID: 30194029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurological disease characterized by the selective degeneration of motor neurons leading to paralysis and immobility. Missense mutations in the gene coding for the Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) accounts for 15-20% of familial ALS, and mice overexpressing ALS-linked SOD1 mutants have been frequently used as an animal model for ALS. Degeneration of motor neurons in ALS progresses in a manner called "dying back", in which the degeneration of synapses and axons precedes the loss of cell bodies. Phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is implicated in the progression of neuronal/axonal degeneration of different etiologies. To evaluate the role of CRMP2 phosphorylation in ALS pathogenesis, we utilized CRMP2 S522A knock-in (CRMP2ki/ki) mice, in which the serine residue 522 was homozygously replaced with alanine and thereby making CRMP2 no longer phosphorylatable by CDK5 or GSK3B. We found that the CRMP2ki/ki/SOD1G93A mice showed delay in the progression of the motor phenotype compared to their SOD1G93-Tg littermates. Histological analysis revealed that the CRMP2ki/ki/SOD1G93A mice retained more intact axons and NMJs than their SOD1G93A-Tg littermates. These results suggest that the phosphorylation of CRMP2 may contribute to the axonal degeneration of motor neurons in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Numata-Uematsu
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Shuji Wakatsuki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nagano
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan; Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Megumi Shibata
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakai
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan.
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29
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Boland B, Yu WH, Corti O, Mollereau B, Henriques A, Bezard E, Pastores GM, Rubinsztein DC, Nixon RA, Duchen MR, Mallucci GR, Kroemer G, Levine B, Eskelinen EL, Mochel F, Spedding M, Louis C, Martin OR, Millan MJ. Promoting the clearance of neurotoxic proteins in neurodegenerative disorders of ageing. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:660-688. [PMID: 30116051 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders of ageing (NDAs) such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis represent a major socio-economic challenge in view of their high prevalence yet poor treatment. They are often called 'proteinopathies' owing to the presence of misfolded and aggregated proteins that lose their physiological roles and acquire neurotoxic properties. One reason underlying the accumulation and spread of oligomeric forms of neurotoxic proteins is insufficient clearance by the autophagic-lysosomal network. Several other clearance pathways are also compromised in NDAs: chaperone-mediated autophagy, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, extracellular clearance by proteases and extrusion into the circulation via the blood-brain barrier and glymphatic system. This article focuses on emerging mechanisms for promoting the clearance of neurotoxic proteins, a strategy that may curtail the onset and slow the progression of NDAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Boland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olga Corti
- ICM Institute for Brain and Spinal Cord, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Erwan Bezard
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Greg M Pastores
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge and UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Duchen
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanna R Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Fanny Mochel
- INSERM U 1127, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Caroline Louis
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, IDR Servier, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Olivier R Martin
- Université d'Orléans & CNRS, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Orléans, France
| | - Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, IDR Servier, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
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30
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Su B, Guan Q, Wang M, Liu N, Wei X, Wang S, Yang X, Jiang W, Xu M, Yu S. Calpeptin is neuroprotective against acrylamide-induced neuropathy in rats. Toxicology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Unexpected role of the L-domain of calpastatin during the autoproteolytic activation of human erythrocyte calpain. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180147. [PMID: 29572388 PMCID: PMC5968184 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoproteolysis of human erythrocyte calpain-1 proceeds in vitro at high [Ca2+], through the conversion of the 80-kDa catalytic subunit into a 75-kDa activated enzyme that requires lower [Ca2+] for catalysis. Importantly, here we detect a similar 75 kDa calpain-1 form also in vivo, in human meningiomas. Although calpastatin is so far considered the specific inhibitor of calpains, we have previously identified in rat brain a calpastatin transcript truncated at the end of the L-domain (cast110, L-DOM), coding for a protein lacking the inhibitory units. Aim of the present study was to characterize the possible biochemical role of the L-DOM during calpain-1 autoproteolysis in vitro, at high (100 µM) and low (5 µM) [Ca2+]. Here we demonstrate that the L-DOM binds the 80 kDa proenzyme in the absence of Ca2+. Consequently, we have explored the ability of the 75 kDa activated protease to catalyze at 5 µM Ca2+ the intermolecular activation of native calpain-1 associated with the L-DOM. Notably, this [Ca2+] is too low to promote the autoproteolytic activation of calpain-1 but enough to support the catalysis of the 75 kDa calpain. We show for the first time that the L-DOM preserves native calpain-1 from the degradation mediated by the 75 kDa form. Taken together, our data suggest that the free L-domain of calpastatin is a novel member of the calpain/calpastatin system endowed with a function alternative to calpain inhibition. For this reason, it will be crucial to define the intracellular relevance of the L-domain in controlling calpain activation/activity in physiopathological conditions having altered Ca2+ homeostasis.
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32
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De Vos KJ, Hafezparast M. Neurobiology of axonal transport defects in motor neuron diseases: Opportunities for translational research? Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:283-299. [PMID: 28235672 PMCID: PMC5536153 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking of cargoes is an essential process to maintain the structure and function of all mammalian cell types, but especially of neurons because of their extreme axon/dendrite polarisation. Axonal transport mediates the movement of cargoes such as proteins, mRNA, lipids, membrane-bound vesicles and organelles that are mostly synthesised in the cell body and in doing so is responsible for their correct spatiotemporal distribution in the axon, for example at specialised sites such as nodes of Ranvier and synaptic terminals. In addition, axonal transport maintains the essential long-distance communication between the cell body and synaptic terminals that allows neurons to react to their surroundings via trafficking of for example signalling endosomes. Axonal transport defects are a common observation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, and mutations in components of the axonal transport machinery have unequivocally shown that impaired axonal transport can cause neurodegeneration (reviewed in El-Kadi et al., 2007, De Vos et al., 2008; Millecamps and Julien, 2013). Here we review our current understanding of axonal transport defects and the role they play in motor neuron diseases (MNDs) with a specific focus on the most common form of MND, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt J De Vos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Majid Hafezparast
- Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
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The inhibition of calpains ameliorates vascular restenosis through MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29975. [PMID: 27453531 PMCID: PMC4958998 DOI: 10.1038/srep29975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Restenosis limits the efficacy of vascular percutaneous intervention, in which vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and activation of inflammation are two primary causal factors. Calpains influence VSMC proliferation and collagen synthesis. However, the roles of calpastatin and calpains in vascular restenosis remain unclear. Here, restenosis was induced by ligating the left carotid artery, and VSMCs were pretreated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. Adenovirus vector carrying MMP2 sequence and specific small interfering RNA against calpain-1/2 were introduced. Finally, restenosis enhanced the expression of calpain-1/2, but reduced calpastatin content. In calpastatin transgenic mice, lumen narrowing was attenuated gradually and peaked on days 14-21. Cell proliferation and migration as well as collagen synthesis were inhibited in transgenic mice, and expression of calpain-1/2 and MMP2/transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Consistently, in VSMCs pretreated with PDGF-BB, calpastatin induction and calpains inhibition suppressed the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and collagen synthesis, and reduced expression of calpain-1/2 and MMP2/TGF-β1. Moreover, simvastatin improved restenosis indicators by suppressing the HIF-1α/calpains/MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway. However, MMP2 supplementation eliminated the vascular protection of calpastatin induction and simvastatin. Collectively, calpains inhibition plays crucial roles in vascular restenosis by preventing neointimal hyperplasia at the early stage via suppression of the MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway.
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Wright AL, Vissel B. CAST your vote: is calpain inhibition the answer to ALS? J Neurochem 2016; 137:140-1. [PMID: 27005822 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A publication in the Journal of Neurochemistry by Rao et al. (2016) suggests that the overexpression of the calpain inhibitor, calpastatin (CAST) rescues neuron loss and increases survival of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse model, hSOD1G93A. The findings of Rao et al. (2016) provide an insight into the mechanisms that lead to neuronal loss in ALS and suggest a cell loss pathway common to several neurodegenerative disorders that may be therapeutically targeted. Here, we highlight the findings of Rao et al. (2016) and discuss some key considerations required prior to assessing the potential use of calpain inhibitors in the clinic. Read the highlighted article 'Calpastatin inhibits motor neuron death and increases survival in hSOD1(G93A) mice' on page 253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Wright
- Neuroscience Department, Neurodegenerative Disorders, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Neuroscience Department, Neurodegenerative Disorders, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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