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Riva M, Ferreira S, Hayashi K, Saillour Y, Medvedeva VP, Honda T, Hayashi K, Altersitz C, Albadri S, Rosello M, Dang J, Serafini M, Causeret F, Henry OJ, Roux CJ, Bellesme C, Freri E, Josifova D, Parrini E, Guerrini R, Del Bene F, Nakajima K, Bahi-Buisson N, Pierani A. De novo monoallelic Reelin missense variants cause dominant neuronal migration disorders via a dominant-negative mechanism. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e153097. [PMID: 38980724 PMCID: PMC11324310 DOI: 10.1172/jci153097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Reelin (RELN) is a secreted glycoprotein essential for cerebral cortex development. In humans, recessive RELN variants cause cortical and cerebellar malformations, while heterozygous variants were associated with epilepsy, autism, and mild cortical abnormalities. However, the functional effects of RELN variants remain unknown. We identified inherited and de novo RELN missense variants in heterozygous patients with neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) as diverse as pachygyria and polymicrogyria. We investigated in culture and in the developing mouse cerebral cortex how different variants impacted RELN function. Polymicrogyria-associated variants behaved as gain-of-function, showing an enhanced ability to induce neuronal aggregation, while those linked to pachygyria behaved as loss-of-function, leading to defective neuronal aggregation/migration. The pachygyria-associated de novo heterozygous RELN variants acted as dominant-negative by preventing WT RELN secretion in culture, animal models, and patients, thereby causing dominant NMDs. We demonstrated how mutant RELN proteins in vitro and in vivo predict cortical malformation phenotypes, providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Riva
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Kotaro Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoann Saillour
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Vera P. Medvedeva
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Takao Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanehiro Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Claire Altersitz
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Shahad Albadri
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rosello
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Julie Dang
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Malo Serafini
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Causeret
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Olivia J. Henry
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles-Joris Roux
- Pediatric Radiology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Céline Bellesme
- Pediatric Neurology, Bicêtre University Hospital, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Elena Freri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Pediatriche Fondazione Istituto Neurologico “C. Besta,” Milan, Italy
| | - Dragana Josifova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Parrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
- Institut des Sciences Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
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2
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Nisar S, Haris M. Neuroimaging genetics approaches to identify new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4995-5008. [PMID: 37069342 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Autism-spectrum disorders (ASDs) are developmental disabilities that manifest in early childhood and are characterized by qualitative abnormalities in social behaviors, communication skills, and restrictive or repetitive behaviors. To explore the neurobiological mechanisms in ASD, extensive research has been done to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers through a neuroimaging genetics approach. Neuroimaging genetics helps to identify ASD-risk genes that contribute to structural and functional variations in brain circuitry and validate biological changes by elucidating the mechanisms and pathways that confer genetic risk. Integrating artificial intelligence models with neuroimaging data lays the groundwork for accurate diagnosis and facilitates the identification of early diagnostic biomarkers for ASD. This review discusses the significance of neuroimaging genetics approaches to gaining a better understanding of the perturbed neurochemical system and molecular pathways in ASD and how these approaches can detect structural, functional, and metabolic changes and lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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3
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Sun H, Wu M, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhu J. The regulatory role of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone proteins in neurodevelopment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1032607. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1032607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest tubular reticular organelle spanning the cell. As the main site of protein synthesis, Ca2+ homeostasis maintenance and lipid metabolism, the ER plays a variety of essential roles in eukaryotic cells, with ER molecular chaperones participate in all these processes. In recent years, it has been reported that the abnormal expression of ER chaperones often leads to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including abnormal neuronal migration, neuronal morphogenesis, and synaptic function. Neuronal development is a complex and precisely regulated process. Currently, the mechanism by which neural development is regulated at the ER level remains under investigation. Therefore, in this work, we reviewed the recent advances in the roles of ER chaperones in neural development and developmental disorders caused by the deficiency of these molecular chaperones.
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Di Donato N, Guerrini R, Billington CJ, Barkovich AJ, Dinkel P, Freri E, Heide M, Gershon ES, Gertler TS, Hopkin RJ, Jacob S, Keedy SK, Kooshavar D, Lockhart PJ, Lohmann DR, Mahmoud IG, Parrini E, Schrock E, Severi G, Timms AE, Webster RI, Willis MJH, Zaki MS, Gleeson JG, Leventer RJ, Dobyns WB. Monoallelic and biallelic mutations in RELN underlie a graded series of neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain 2022; 145:3274-3287. [PMID: 35769015 PMCID: PMC9989350 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin, a large extracellular protein, plays several critical roles in brain development and function. It is encoded by RELN, first identified as the gene disrupted in the reeler mouse, a classic neurological mutant exhibiting ataxia, tremors and a 'reeling' gait. In humans, biallelic variants in RELN have been associated with a recessive lissencephaly variant with cerebellar hypoplasia, which matches well with the homozygous mouse mutant that has abnormal cortical structure, small hippocampi and severe cerebellar hypoplasia. Despite the large size of the gene, only 11 individuals with RELN-related lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia from six families have previously been reported. Heterozygous carriers in these families were briefly reported as unaffected, although putative loss-of-function variants are practically absent in the population (probability of loss of function intolerance = 1). Here we present data on seven individuals from four families with biallelic and 13 individuals from seven families with monoallelic (heterozygous) variants of RELN and frontotemporal or temporal-predominant lissencephaly variant. Some individuals with monoallelic variants have moderate frontotemporal lissencephaly, but with normal cerebellar structure and intellectual disability with severe behavioural dysfunction. However, one adult had abnormal MRI with normal intelligence and neurological profile. Thorough literature analysis supports a causal role for monoallelic RELN variants in four seemingly distinct phenotypes including frontotemporal lissencephaly, epilepsy, autism and probably schizophrenia. Notably, we observed a significantly higher proportion of loss-of-function variants in the biallelic compared to the monoallelic cohort, where the variant spectrum included missense and splice-site variants. We assessed the impact of two canonical splice-site variants observed as biallelic or monoallelic variants in individuals with moderately affected or normal cerebellum and demonstrated exon skipping causing in-frame loss of 46 or 52 amino acids in the central RELN domain. Previously reported functional studies demonstrated severe reduction in overall RELN secretion caused by heterozygous missense variants p.Cys539Arg and p.Arg3207Cys associated with lissencephaly suggesting a dominant-negative effect. We conclude that biallelic variants resulting in complete absence of RELN expression are associated with a consistent and severe phenotype that includes cerebellar hypoplasia. However, reduced expression of RELN remains sufficient to maintain nearly normal cerebellar structure. Monoallelic variants are associated with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity even within the same family and may have dominant-negative effects. Reduced RELN secretion in heterozygous individuals affects only cortical structure whereas the cerebellum remains intact. Our data expand the spectrum of RELN-related neurodevelopmental disorders ranging from lethal brain malformations to adult phenotypes with normal brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Di Donato
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Charles J Billington
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Philine Dinkel
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Freri
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Heide
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tracy S Gertler
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Suma Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Sarah K Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniz Kooshavar
- Bruce Lefory Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefory Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Dietmar R Lohmann
- Institut fur Humangenetik, Universitatsklinikum Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Iman G Mahmoud
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Evelin Schrock
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Severi
- Medical Genetics Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Richard I Webster
- T. Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Mary J H Willis
- Uniformed Services University School of Medicine and Naval Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo Governorate 12622, Egypt
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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Rare CACNA1H and RELN variants interact through mTORC1 pathway in oligogenic autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:234. [PMID: 35668055 PMCID: PMC9170683 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligogenic inheritance of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been supported by several studies. However, little is known about how the risk variants interact and converge on causative neurobiological pathways. We identified in an ASD proband deleterious compound heterozygous missense variants in the Reelin (RELN) gene, and a de novo splicing variant in the Cav3.2 calcium channel (CACNA1H) gene. Here, by using iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and a heterologous expression system, we show that the variant in Cav3.2 leads to increased calcium influx into cells, which overactivates mTORC1 pathway and, consequently, further exacerbates the impairment of Reelin signaling. Also, we show that Cav3.2/mTORC1 overactivation induces proliferation of NPCs and that both mutant Cav3.2 and Reelin cause abnormal migration of these cells. Finally, analysis of the sequencing data from two ASD cohorts-a Brazilian cohort of 861 samples, 291 with ASD; the MSSNG cohort of 11,181 samples, 5,102 with ASD-revealed that the co-occurrence of risk variants in both alleles of Reelin pathway genes and in one allele of calcium channel genes confer significant liability for ASD. Our results support the notion that genes with co-occurring deleterious variants tend to have interconnected pathways underlying oligogenic forms of ASD.
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6
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Nakao Y, Yokawa S, Kohno T, Suzuki T, Hattori M. Visualization of Reelin secretion from primary cultured neurons by bioluminescence imaging. J Biochem 2022; 171:591-598. [PMID: 35171273 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a secreted glycoprotein important for brain development and synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Some reports suggest that Reelin is secreted from the nerve terminals and functions as a neurotransmitter. However, the mechanism of Reelin secretion is unknown. In this study, we visualized Reelin secretion by bioluminescence imaging using a fusion protein of Reelin and Gaussia luciferase (GLase-Reelin). GLase-Reelin expressed in HEK293T cells was correctly processed and secreted. Luminescence signals from the secreted GLase-Reelin of primary cultured neurons were visualized by bioluminescence microscopy. Reelin secretory events were observed at neurites and cell bodies. Bioluminescence imaging was also performed before and after KCl depolarization to compare the secretory events of Reelin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The secretion of BDNF increased markedly shortly after depolarization. In contrast, the frequency of Reelin secretion did not change significantly by depolarization. Thus, Reelin secretion from neurites might not be regulated in a neuronal activity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Nakao
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokawa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biophysics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
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New Strategies for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Based on Reelin Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031829. [PMID: 35163751 PMCID: PMC8836358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein that is mainly produced in Cajal-Retzius cells and controls neuronal migration, which is important for the proper formation of cortical layers in the developmental stage of the brain. In the adult brain, Reelin plays a crucial role in the regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent synaptic function, and its expression decreases postnatally. Clinical studies showed reductions in Reelin protein and mRNA expression levels in patients with psychiatric disorders; however, the causal relationship remains unclear. Reelin-deficient mice exhibit an abnormal neuronal morphology and behavior, while Reelin supplementation ameliorates learning deficits, synaptic dysfunctions, and spine loss in animal models with Reelin deficiency. These findings suggest that the neuronal deficits and brain dysfunctions associated with the down-regulated expression of Reelin are attenuated by enhancements in its expression and functions in the brain. In this review, we summarize findings on the role of Reelin in neuropsychiatric disorders and discuss potential therapeutic approaches for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Reelin dysfunctions.
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Dazzo E, Nobile C. Epilepsy-causing Reelin mutations result in impaired secretion and intracellular degradation of mutant proteins. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:665-673. [PMID: 34508592 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) is a genetically heterogeneous neurologic disorder clinically characterized by focal seizures with auditory symptoms and/or aphasia. About 20% of ADLTE families segregate disease-causing heterozygous mutations in RELN, a brain-expressed gene encoding the secreted protein Reelin. Using a cell-based secretion assay, we show that pathogenic RELN mutations abolish or significantly reduce secretion of mutant proteins, and that this secretion defect results from impaired trafficking of mutant Reelin along the secretory pathway. Confocal immunofluorescence analysis of transiently transfected cells shows that Reelin mutant proteins are degraded by the autophagy system, as revealed by increased formation of autophagosomes immunoreacting with the autophagy markers p62 and LC3. In addition, LC3 immunoblotting shows a significant increase of autophagy flux due to mutant overexpression. Finally, we show that the secretion defect of mutant proteins can be partially rescued by small-molecule correctors. Altogether, these results suggest that Reelin mutant proteins are not properly secreted and that they are degraded through the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Dazzo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Nobile
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Padova, Italy
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9
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Guan J, Lin Y, Wang Y, Gao J, Ji G. An analytical method for the identification of cell type-specific disease gene modules. J Transl Med 2021; 19:20. [PMID: 33407556 PMCID: PMC7788893 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants associated with the risk of brain-related diseases, such as neurological and psychiatric disorders, while the causal variants and the specific vulnerable cell types are often needed to be studied. Many disease-associated genes are expressed in multiple cell types of human brains, while the pathologic variants affect primarily specific cell types. We hypothesize a model in which what determines the manifestation of a disease in a cell type is the presence of disease module comprised of disease-associated genes, instead of individual genes. Therefore, it is essential to identify the presence/absence of disease gene modules in cells. Methods To characterize the cell type-specificity of brain-related diseases, we construct human brain cell type-specific gene interaction networks integrating human brain nucleus gene expression data with a referenced tissue-specific gene interaction network. Then from the cell type-specific gene interaction networks, we identify significant cell type-specific disease gene modules by performing statistical tests. Results Between neurons and glia cells, the constructed cell type-specific gene networks and their gene functions are distinct. Then we identify cell type-specific disease gene modules associated with autism spectrum disorder and find that different gene modules are formed and distinct gene functions may be dysregulated in different cells. We also study the similarity and dissimilarity in cell type-specific disease gene modules among autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The functions of neurons-specific disease gene modules are associated with synapse for all three diseases, while those in glia cells are different. To facilitate the use of our method, we develop an R package, CtsDGM, for the identification of cell type-specific disease gene modules. Conclusions The results support our hypothesis that a disease manifests itself in a cell type through forming a statistically significant disease gene module. The identification of cell type-specific disease gene modules can promote the development of more targeted biomarkers and treatments for the disease. Our method can be applied for depicting the cell type heterogeneity of a given disease, and also for studying the similarity and dissimilarity between different disorders, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinting Guan
- Department of Automation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. .,National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Yiping Lin
- Department of Automation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Automation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Junchao Gao
- Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guoli Ji
- Department of Automation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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10
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Nawa Y, Kimura H, Mori D, Kato H, Toyama M, Furuta S, Yu Y, Ishizuka K, Kushima I, Aleksic B, Arioka Y, Morikawa M, Okada T, Inada T, Kaibuchi K, Ikeda M, Iwata N, Suzuki M, Okahisa Y, Egawa J, Someya T, Nishimura F, Sasaki T, Ozaki N. Rare single-nucleotide DAB1 variants and their contribution to Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder susceptibility. Hum Genome Var 2020; 7:37. [PMID: 33298905 PMCID: PMC7655853 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-020-00125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disabled 1 (DAB1) is an intracellular adaptor protein in the Reelin signaling pathway and plays an essential role in correct neuronal migration and layer formation in the developing brain. DAB1 has been repeatedly reported to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in genetic, animal, and postmortem studies. Recently, increasing attention has been given to rare single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) found by deep sequencing of candidate genes. In this study, we performed exon-targeted resequencing of DAB1 in 370 SCZ and 192 ASD patients using next-generation sequencing technology to identify rare SNVs with a minor allele frequency <1%. We detected two rare missense mutations (G382C, V129I) and then performed a genetic association study in a sample comprising 1763 SCZ, 380 ASD, and 2190 healthy control subjects. Although no statistically significant association with the detected mutations was observed for either SCZ or ASD, G382C was found only in the case group, and in silico analyses and in vitro functional assays suggested that G382C alters the function of the DAB1 protein. The rare variants of DAB1 found in the present study should be studied further to elucidate their potential functional relevance to the pathophysiology of SCZ and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miho Toyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sho Furuta
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yanjie Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mako Morikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuko Okahisa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Egawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumichika Nishimura
- Office for Mental Health Support, Center for Research on Counseling and Support Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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11
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Liu H, Barnes J, Pedrosa E, Herman NS, Salas F, Wang P, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Transcriptome analysis of neural progenitor cells derived from Lowe syndrome induced pluripotent stem cells: identification of candidate genes for the neurodevelopmental and eye manifestations. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:14. [PMID: 32393163 PMCID: PMC7212686 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lowe syndrome (LS) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked gene OCRL, which codes for an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase that plays a key role in endosome recycling, clathrin-coated pit formation, and actin polymerization. It is characterized by congenital cataracts, intellectual and developmental disability, and renal proximal tubular dysfunction. Patients are also at high risk for developing glaucoma and seizures. We recently developed induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from three patients with LS who have hypomorphic variants affecting the 3' end of the gene, and their neurotypical brothers to serve as controls. METHODS In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to obtain transcriptome profiles in LS and control neural progenitor cells (NPCs). RESULTS In a comparison of the patient and control NPCs (n = 3), we found 16 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the multiple test adjusted p value (padj) < 0.1, with nine at padj < 0.05. Using nominal p value < 0.05, 319 DEGs were detected. The relatively small number of DEGs could be due to the fact that OCRL is not a transcription factor per se, although it could have secondary effects on gene expression through several different mechanisms. Although the number of DEGs passing multiple test correction was small, those that were found are quite consistent with some of the known molecular effects of OCRL protein, and the clinical manifestations of LS. Furthermore, using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found that genes increased expression in the patient NPCs showed enrichments of several gene ontology (GO) terms (false discovery rate < 0.25): telencephalon development, pallium development, NPC proliferation, and cortex development, which are consistent with a condition characterized by intellectual disabilities and psychiatric manifestations. In addition, a significant enrichment among the nominal DEGs for genes implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was found (e.g., AFF2, DNER, DPP6, DPP10, RELN, CACNA1C), as well as several that are strong candidate genes for the development of eye problems found in LS, including glaucoma. The most notable example is EFEMP1, a well-known candidate gene for glaucoma and other eye pathologies. CONCLUSION Overall, the RNA-seq findings present several candidate genes that could help explain the underlying basis for the neurodevelopmental and eye problems seen in boys with LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hequn Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jesse Barnes
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Erika Pedrosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nathaniel S. Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Franklin Salas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Herbert M. Lachman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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12
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Yoon SH, Choi J, Lee WJ, Do JT. Genetic and Epigenetic Etiology Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E966. [PMID: 32244359 PMCID: PMC7230567 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, language development delays, repeated body movements, and markedly deteriorated activities and interests. Environmental factors, such as viral infection, parental age, and zinc deficiency, can be plausible contributors to ASD susceptibility. As ASD is highly heritable, genetic risk factors involved in neurodevelopment, neural communication, and social interaction provide important clues in explaining the etiology of ASD. Accumulated evidence also shows an important role of epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA, in ASD etiology. In this review, we compiled the research published to date and described the genetic and epigenetic epidemiology together with environmental risk factors underlying the etiology of the different phenotypes of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.H.Y.); (J.C.); (W.J.L.)
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13
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Mikulska-Ruminska K, Strzelecki J, Nowak W. Dynamics, nanomechanics and signal transduction in reelin repeats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18974. [PMID: 31831824 PMCID: PMC6908669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a large glycoprotein controlling brain development and cell adhesion. It regulates the positioning of neurons, as well as neurotransmission and memory formation. Perturbations in reelin signaling are linked to psychiatric disorders. Reelin participates in signal transduction by binding to the lipoprotein receptors VLDLR and ApoER2 through its central region. This part is rich in repeating BNR-EGF-BNR modules. We used standard molecular dynamics, steered molecular dynamics, and perturbation response scanning computational methods to characterize unique dynamical properties of reelin modules involved in signaling. Each module has specific sensors and effectors arranged in a similar topology. In the modules studied, disulfide bridges play a protective role, probably making both selective binding and protease activity of reelin possible. Results of single reelin molecule stretching by atomic force microscopy provide the first data on the mechanical stability of individual reelin domains. The forces required for partial unfolding of the modules studied are below 60 pN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Janusz Strzelecki
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Nowak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
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14
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Pirooznia M, Niranjan T, Chen YC, Tunc I, Goes FS, Avramopoulos D, Potash JB, Huganir RL, Zandi PP, Wang T. Affected Sib-Pair Analyses Identify Signaling Networks Associated With Social Behavioral Deficits in Autism. Front Genet 2019; 10:1186. [PMID: 31827489 PMCID: PMC6892440 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by deficits in three core behavioral domains: reciprocal social interactions, communication, and restricted interests and/or repetitive behaviors. Several hundreds of risk genes for autism have been identified, however, it remains a challenge to associate these genes with specific core behavioral deficits. In multiplex autism families, affected sibs often show significant differences in severity of individual core phenotypes. We hypothesize that a higher mutation burden contributes to a larger difference in the severity of specific core phenotypes between affected sibs. We tested this hypothesis on social behavioral deficits in autism. We sequenced synaptome genes (n = 1,886) in affected male sib-pairs (n = 274) in families from the Autism Genetics Research Exchange (AGRE) and identified rare (MAF ≤ 1%) and predicted functional variants. We selected affected sib-pairs with a large (≥10; n = 92 pairs) or a small (≤4; n = 108 pairs) difference in total cumulative Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) social scores (SOCT_CS). We compared burdens of unshared variants present only in sibs with severe social deficits and found a higher burden in SOCT_CS≥10 compared to SOCT_CS ≤ 4 (SOCT_CS≥10: 705.1 ± 16.2; SOCT_CS ≤ 4, 668.3 ± 9.0; p = 0.025). Unshared SOCT_CS≥10 genes only in sibs with severe social deficits are significantly enriched in the SFARI gene set. Network analyses of these genes using InWeb_IM, molecular signatures database (MSigDB), and GeNetMeta identified enrichment for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (Enrichment Score [eScore] p value = 3.36E−07; n = 8 genes) and Nerve growth factor (NGF) (eScore p value = 8.94E−07; n = 9 genes) networks. These studies support a key role for these signaling networks in social behavioral deficits and present a novel approach to associate risk genes and signaling networks with core behavioral domains in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tejasvi Niranjan
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yun-Ching Chen
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Mental Health and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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15
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Sobue A, Kushima I, Nagai T, Shan W, Kohno T, Aleksic B, Aoyama Y, Mori D, Arioka Y, Kawano N, Yamamoto M, Hattori M, Nabeshima T, Yamada K, Ozaki N. Genetic and animal model analyses reveal the pathogenic role of a novel deletion of RELN in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13046. [PMID: 30158644 PMCID: PMC6115412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin protein (RELN), an extracellular matrix protein, plays multiple roles that range from embryonic neuronal migration to spine formation in the adult brain. Results from genetic studies have suggested that RELN is associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ). We previously identified a novel exonic deletion of RELN in a patient with SCZ. High-resolution copy number variation analysis revealed that this deletion included exons 52 to 58, which truncated the RELN in a similar manner to the Reln Orleans mutation (Relnrl-Orl). We examined the clinical features of this patient and confirmed a decreased serum level of RELN. To elucidate the pathophysiological role of the exonic deletion of RELN in SCZ, we conducted behavioral and neurochemical analyses using heterozygous Relnrl-Orl/+ mice. These mice exhibited abnormalities in anxiety, social behavior, and motor learning; the deficits in motor learning were ameliorated by antipsychotics. Methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity and dopamine release were significantly reduced in the Relnrl-Orl/+ mice. In addition, the levels of GABAergic markers were decreased in the brain of these mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the exonic deletion of RELN plays a pathological role, implicating functional changes in the dopaminergic and GABAergic systems, in the pathophysiology of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sobue
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoyama
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoko Kawano
- Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Maeri Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Aino University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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16
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Sánchez-Sánchez SM, Magdalon J, Griesi-Oliveira K, Yamamoto GL, Santacruz-Perez C, Fogo M, Passos-Bueno MR, Sertié AL. Rare RELN variants affect Reelin-DAB1 signal transduction in autism spectrum disorder. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1372-1383. [PMID: 29969175 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Reelin-DAB1 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal migration and synapse function. Although many rare heterozygous variants in the Reelin gene (RELN) have been identified in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), most variants are still of unknown clinical significance. Also, genetic data suggest that heterozygous variants in RELN alone appear to be insufficient to cause ASD. Here, we describe the identification and functional characterization of rare compound heterozygous missense variants in RELN in a patient with ASD in whom we have previously reported hyperfunctional mTORC1 signaling of yet unknown etiology. Using iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from this patient, we provide experimental evidence that the identified variants are deleterious and lead to diminished Reelin secretion and impaired Reelin-DAB1 signal transduction. Also, our results suggest that mTORC1 pathway overactivation may function as a second hit event contributing to downregulation of the Reelin-DAB1 cascade in patient-derived NPCs, and that inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin attenuates Reelin-DAB1 signaling impairment. Taken together, our findings point to an abnormal interplay between Reelin-DAB1 and mTORC1 networks in nonsyndromic ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Sánchez-Sánchez
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Magdalon
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme L Yamamoto
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Fogo
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea L Sertié
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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