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Schrader M. Origins, Technological Advancement, and Applications of Peptidomics. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2758:3-47. [PMID: 38549006 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3646-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Peptidomics is the comprehensive characterization of peptides from biological sources instead of heading for a few single peptides in former peptide research. Mass spectrometry allows to detect a multitude of peptides in complex mixtures and thus enables new strategies leading to peptidomics. The term was established in the year 2001, and up to now, this new field has grown to over 3000 publications. Analytical techniques originally developed for fast and comprehensive analysis of peptides in proteomics were specifically adjusted for peptidomics. Although it is thus closely linked to proteomics, there are fundamental differences with conventional bottom-up proteomics. Fundamental technological advancements of peptidomics since have occurred in mass spectrometry and data processing, including quantification, and more slightly in separation technology. Different strategies and diverse sources of peptidomes are mentioned by numerous applications, such as discovery of neuropeptides and other bioactive peptides, including the use of biochemical assays. Furthermore, food and plant peptidomics are introduced similarly. Additionally, applications with a clinical focus are included, comprising biomarker discovery as well as immunopeptidomics. This overview extensively reviews recent methods, strategies, and applications including links to all other chapters of this book.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schrader
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Weihenstephan-Tr. University of Applied Sciences, Freising, Germany.
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2
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McDermott MV, Ram A, Mattoon MT, Haderlie EE, Raddatz MC, Thomason MK, Bobeck EN. A small molecule ligand for the novel pain target, GPR171, produces minimal reward in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 224:173543. [PMID: 36933620 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
ProSAAS is one of the most abundant proteins in the brain and is processed into several smaller peptides. One of which, BigLEN, is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor, GPR171. Recent work in rodent models has shown that a small-molecule ligand for GPR171, MS15203, increases morphine antinociception and is effective in lessening chronic pain. While these studies provide evidence for GPR171 as a possible pain target, its abuse liability has not yet been assessed and was evaluated in the current study. We first mapped the distribution of GPR171 and ProSAAS throughout the reward circuit of the brain using immunohistochemistry and showed that GPR171 and ProSAAS are localized in the hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex. In the major dopaminergic structure, the ventral tegmental area (VTA), GPR171 appeared to be primarily localized in dopamine neurons while ProSAAS is outside of dopamine neurons. Next, MS15203 was administered to mice with or without morphine, and VTA slices were stained for the immediate early gene c-Fos as a marker of neuronal activation. Quantification of c-Fos-positive cells revealed no statistical difference between MS15203 and saline, suggesting that MS15203 does not increase VTA activation and dopamine release. The results of a conditioned place preference experiment showed that treatment with MS15203 produced no place preference indicating a lack of reward-related behavior. Taken together this data provides evidence that the novel pain therapeutic, MS15203, has minimal reward liability. Therefore, GPR171 deserves further exploration as a pain target. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: MS15203, a drug that activates the receptor GPR171, was previously shown to increase morphine analgesia. The authors use in vivo and histological techniques to show that it fails to activate the rodent reward circuitry, providing support for the continued exploration of MS15203 as a novel pain drug, and GPR171 a novel pain target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max V McDermott
- Dept. of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill BNR117, Logan, UT 84322-5305, United States of America; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill BNR117, Logan, UT 84322-5305, United States of America
| | - Akila Ram
- Dept. of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill BNR117, Logan, UT 84322-5305, United States of America
| | - Matthew T Mattoon
- Dept. of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill BNR117, Logan, UT 84322-5305, United States of America
| | - Emmaline E Haderlie
- Dept. of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill BNR117, Logan, UT 84322-5305, United States of America
| | - Megan C Raddatz
- Dept. of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill BNR117, Logan, UT 84322-5305, United States of America; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill BNR117, Logan, UT 84322-5305, United States of America
| | - Madi K Thomason
- Dept. of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill BNR117, Logan, UT 84322-5305, United States of America
| | - Erin N Bobeck
- Dept. of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill BNR117, Logan, UT 84322-5305, United States of America; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill BNR117, Logan, UT 84322-5305, United States of America.
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3
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Kaplan AL, Confair DN, Kim K, Barros-Álvarez X, Rodriguiz RM, Yang Y, Kweon OS, Che T, McCorvy JD, Kamber DN, Phelan JP, Martins LC, Pogorelov VM, DiBerto JF, Slocum ST, Huang XP, Kumar JM, Robertson MJ, Panova O, Seven AB, Wetsel AQ, Wetsel WC, Irwin JJ, Skiniotis G, Shoichet BK, Roth BL, Ellman JA. Bespoke library docking for 5-HT 2A receptor agonists with antidepressant activity. Nature 2022; 610:582-591. [PMID: 36171289 PMCID: PMC9996387 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in screening ultralarge chemical libraries for ligand discovery, both empirically and computationally1-4. Efforts have focused on readily synthesizable molecules, inevitably leaving many chemotypes unexplored. Here we investigate structure-based docking of a bespoke virtual library of tetrahydropyridines-a scaffold that is poorly sampled by a general billion-molecule virtual library but is well suited to many aminergic G-protein-coupled receptors. Using three inputs, each with diverse available derivatives, a one pot C-H alkenylation, electrocyclization and reduction provides the tetrahydropyridine core with up to six sites of derivatization5-7. Docking a virtual library of 75 million tetrahydropyridines against a model of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) led to the synthesis and testing of 17 initial molecules. Four of these molecules had low-micromolar activities against either the 5-HT2A or the 5-HT2B receptors. Structure-based optimization led to the 5-HT2AR agonists (R)-69 and (R)-70, with half-maximal effective concentration values of 41 nM and 110 nM, respectively, and unusual signalling kinetics that differ from psychedelic 5-HT2AR agonists. Cryo-electron microscopy structural analysis confirmed the predicted binding mode to 5-HT2AR. The favourable physical properties of these new agonists conferred high brain permeability, enabling mouse behavioural assays. Notably, neither had psychedelic activity, in contrast to classic 5-HT2AR agonists, whereas both had potent antidepressant activity in mouse models and had the same efficacy as antidepressants such as fluoxetine at as low as 1/40th of the dose. Prospects for using bespoke virtual libraries to sample pharmacologically relevant chemical space will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Levit Kaplan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ximena Barros-Álvarez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oh Sang Kweon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tao Che
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David N Kamber
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James P Phelan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luan Carvalho Martins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biochemistry Department, Institute for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vladimir M Pogorelov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey F DiBerto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel T Slocum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jain Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ouliana Panova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alpay B Seven
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Autumn Q Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - John J Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Aryal DK, Rodriguiz RM, Nguyen NL, Pease MW, Morgan DJ, Pintar J, Fricker LD, Wetsel WC. Mice lacking proSAAS display alterations in emotion, consummatory behavior and circadian entrainment. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12827. [PMID: 35878875 PMCID: PMC9444949 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ProSAAS is a neuroendocrine protein that is cleaved by neuropeptide-processing enzymes into more than a dozen products including the bigLEN and PEN peptides, which bind and activate the receptors GPR171 and GPR83, respectively. Previous studies have suggested that proSAAS-derived peptides are involved in physiological functions that include body weight regulation, circadian rhythms and anxiety-like behavior. In the present study, we find that proSAAS knockout mice display robust anxiety-like behaviors in the open field, light-dark emergence and elevated zero maze tests. These mutant mice also show a reduction in cued fear and an impairment in fear-potentiated startle, indicating an important role for proSAAS-derived peptides in emotional behaviors. ProSAAS knockout mice exhibit reduced water consumption and urine production relative to wild-type controls. No differences in food consumption and overall energy expenditure were observed between the genotypes. However, the respiratory exchange ratio was elevated in the mutants during the light portion of the light-dark cycle, indicating decreased fat metabolism during this period. While proSAAS knockout mice show normal circadian patterns of activity, even upon long-term exposure to constant darkness, they were unable to shift their circadian clock upon exposure to a light pulse. Taken together, these results show that proSAAS-derived peptides modulate a wide range of behaviors including emotion, metabolism and the regulation of the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra K. Aryal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ramona M. Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core FacilityDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ngoc Lien Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Matthew W. Pease
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Daniel J. Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pennsylvania StateUniversity College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John Pintar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell BiologyRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Lloyd D. Fricker
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and NeuroscienceAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core FacilityDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of Cell BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of NeurobiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
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5
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Pan J, Ma N, Zhong J, Yu B, Wan J, Zhang W. Age-associated changes in microglia and astrocytes ameliorate blood-brain barrier dysfunction. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:970-986. [PMID: 34760339 PMCID: PMC8561003 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is associated with an accumulation of neurotoxic molecules and increased infiltration of peripheral cells within the brain parenchyma. Accruing evidence suggests that microglia and astrocytes play a crucial role in the recovery of BBB integrity and the corralling of infiltrating cells into clusters after brain damage, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Intriguingly, the results of flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analyses have shown that BBB permeability to peripheral cells is substantially enhanced during normal aging at 12 months in mice. Thus, we used the SMART-seq2 method to perform RNA sequencing of microglia and astrocytes at five time points before and immediately after the BBB permeability change. Our comprehensive analyses revealed that microglia are characterized by marked alterations in the negative regulation of protein phosphorylation and phagocytic vesicles, whereas astrocytes show elevated enzyme or peptidase-inhibitor activity in the recovery of BBB function. Moreover, we identified a cassette of key genes that might ameliorate the insults of pathophysiological events in aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nana Ma
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PRC
| | - Wei Zhang
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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6
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Fakira AK, Lueptow LM, Trimbake NA, Devi LA. PEN Receptor GPR83 in Anxiety-Like Behaviors: Differential Regulation in Global vs Amygdalar Knockdown. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:675769. [PMID: 34512237 PMCID: PMC8427670 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.675769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are prevalent across the United States and result in a large personal and societal burden. Currently, numerous therapeutic and pharmaceutical treatment options exist. However, drugs to classical receptor targets have shown limited efficacy and often come with unpleasant side effects, highlighting the need to identify novel targets involved in the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. GPR83, a recently deorphanized receptor activated by the abundant neuropeptide PEN, has also been identified as a glucocorticoid regulated receptor (and named GIR) suggesting that this receptor may be involved in stress-responses that underlie anxiety. Consistent with this, GPR83 null mice have been found to be resistant to stress-induced anxiety. However, studies examining the role of GPR83 within specific brain regions or potential sex differences have been lacking. In this study, we investigate anxiety-related behaviors in male and female mice with global knockout and following local GPR83 knockdown in female mice. We find that a global knockdown of GPR83 has minimal impact on anxiety-like behaviors in female mice and a decrease in anxiety-related behaviors in male mice. In contrast, a local GPR83 knockdown in the basolateral amygdala leads to more anxiety-related behaviors in female mice. Local GPR83 knockdown in the central amygdala or nucleus accumbens (NAc) showed no significant effect on anxiety-related behaviors. Finally, dexamethasone administration leads to a significant decrease in receptor expression in the amygdala and NAc of female mice. Together, our studies uncover a significant, but divergent role for GPR83 in different brain regions in the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors, which is furthermore dependent on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lakshmi A. Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Sauer CS, Phetsanthad A, Riusech OL, Li L. Developing mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of neuropeptides. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:607-621. [PMID: 34375152 PMCID: PMC8522511 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1967146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropeptides are signaling molecules originating in the neuroendocrine system that can act as neurotransmitters and hormones in many biochemical processes. Their exact function is difficult to characterize, however, due to dependence on concentration, post-translational modifications, and the presence of other comodulating neuropeptides. Mass spectrometry enables sensitive, accurate, and global peptidomic analyses that can profile neuropeptide expression changes to understand their roles in many biological problems, such as neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic function. AREAS COVERED We provide a brief overview of the fundamentals of neuropeptidomic research, limitations of existing methods, and recent progress in the field. This review is focused on developments in mass spectrometry and encompasses labeling strategies, post-translational modification analysis, mass spectrometry imaging, and integrated multi-omic workflows, with discussion emphasizing quantitative advancements. EXPERT OPINION Neuropeptidomics is critical for future clinical research with impacts in biomarker discovery, receptor identification, and drug design. While advancements are being made to improve sensitivity and accuracy, there is still room for improvement. Better quantitative strategies are required for clinical analyses, and these methods also need to be amenable to mass spectrometry imaging, post-translational modification analysis, and multi-omics to facilitate understanding and future treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ashley Phetsanthad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Olga L. Riusech
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53075, USA
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McDermott MV, Afrose L, Gomes I, Devi LA, Bobeck EN. Opioid-Induced Signaling and Antinociception Are Modulated by the Recently Deorphanized Receptor, GPR171. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:56-62. [PMID: 31308196 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.259242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ProSAAS is one of the most widely expressed proteins throughout the brain and was recently found to be upregulated in chronic fibromyalgia patients. BigLEN is a neuropeptide that is derived from ProSAAS and was recently discovered to be the endogenous ligand for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR171. Although BigLEN-GPR171 has been found to play a role in feeding and anxiety behaviors, it has not yet been explored in pain and opioid modulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this novel neuropeptide-receptor system in opioid-induced antinociception. We found that GPR171 is expressed in GABAergic neurons within the periaqueductal gray, which is a key brain area involved in pain modulation and opioid functions. We also found that, although the GPR171 agonist and antagonist do not have nociceptive effects on their own, they oppositely regulate morphine-induced antinociception with the agonist enhancing and antagonist reducing antinociception. Lastly, we showed that the GPR171 antagonist or receptor knockdown decreases signaling by the mu-opioid receptor, but not the delta-opioid receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that antagonism of the GPR171 receptor reduces mu opioid receptor signaling and morphine-induced antinociception, whereas the GPR171 agonist enhances morphine antinociception, suggesting that GPR171 may be a novel target toward the development of pain therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: GPR171 is a recently deorphanized receptor that is expressed within the periaqueductal gray and can regulate mu opioid receptor signaling and antinociception. This research may contribute to the development of new therapeutics to treat pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max V McDermott
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah (M.V.M., L.A., E.N.B.) and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (I.G., L.A.D.)
| | - Leela Afrose
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah (M.V.M., L.A., E.N.B.) and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (I.G., L.A.D.)
| | - Ivone Gomes
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah (M.V.M., L.A., E.N.B.) and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (I.G., L.A.D.)
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah (M.V.M., L.A., E.N.B.) and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (I.G., L.A.D.)
| | - Erin N Bobeck
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah (M.V.M., L.A., E.N.B.) and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (I.G., L.A.D.)
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9
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Fakira AK, Peck EG, Liu Y, Lueptow LM, Trimbake NA, Han MH, Calipari ES, Devi LA. The role of the neuropeptide PEN receptor, GPR83, in the reward pathway: Relationship to sex-differences. Neuropharmacology 2019; 157:107666. [PMID: 31199956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GPR83, the receptor for the neuropeptide PEN, exhibits high expression in the nucleus accumbens of the human and rodent brain, suggesting that it plays a role in modulating the mesolimbic reward pathway. However, the cell-type specific expression of GPR83, its functional impact in the reward pathway, and in drug reward-learning has not been fully explored. Using GPR83/eGFP mice, we show high GPR83 expression on cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens and moderate expression on ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. In GPR83 knockout mice, baseline dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is enhanced which disrupts the ratio of tonic vs phasic release. Additionally, GPR83 knockout leads to changes in the expression of dopamine-related genes. Using the morphine conditioned place preference model, we identify sex differences in morphine reward-learning, show that GPR83 is upregulated in the nucleus accumbens following morphine conditioned place preference, and show that shRNA-mediated knockdown of GPR83 in the nucleus accumbens leads to attenuation morphine reward. Together, these findings detect GPR83 expression in the reward-pathway, and show its involvement in dopamine release and morphine reward-learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Fakira
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA
| | - Emily G Peck
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA
| | - Lindsay M Lueptow
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA
| | - Nikita A Trimbake
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA.
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10
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Mack SM, Gomes I, Devi LA. Neuropeptide PEN and Its Receptor GPR83: Distribution, Signaling, and Regulation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1884-1891. [PMID: 30726666 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are chemical messengers that act to regulate a number of physiological processes, including feeding, reward, pain, and memory, among others. PEN is one of the most abundant hypothalamic neuropeptides; however, until recently, its target receptor remained unknown. In this Review, we summarize recent developments in research focusing on PEN and its receptor GPR83. We describe the studies leading to the deorphanization of GPR83 as the receptor for PEN. We also describe the signaling mediated by the PEN-GPR83 system, as well as the physiological roles in which PEN-GPR83 has been implicated. As studies have suggested a role for the PEN-GPR83 system in food intake and body weight regulation, as well as in drug addiction and reward disorders, a thorough understanding of this novel neuropeptide-receptor system will help identify novel therapeutic targets to treat pathophysiological conditions involving PEN-GPR83.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seshat M. Mack
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ivone Gomes
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Lakshmi A. Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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Lueptow LM, Devi LA, Fakira AK. Targeting the Recently Deorphanized Receptor GPR83 for the Treatment of Immunological, Neuroendocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 159:1-25. [PMID: 30340784 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a superfamily of receptors responsible for initiation of a myriad of intracellular signaling cascades. Currently, GPCRs represent approximately 34% of marketed pharmaceuticals, a large portion of which have no known endogenous ligand. These orphan GPCRs represent a large pool of novel targets for drug development. Very recently, the neuropeptide PEN, derived from the proteolytic processing of the precursor proSAAS, has been identified as a selective, high-affinity endogenous ligand for the orphan receptor, GPR83. GPR83 is highly expressed in the brain, spleen and thymus, indicating that this receptor may be a target to treat neurological and immune disorders. In the brain GPR83 is expressed in regions involved in the reward pathway, stress/anxiety responses, learning and memory and metabolism. However, the cell type specific expression of GPR83 in these regions has only recently begun to be characterized. In the immune system, GPR83 expression is regulated by Foxp3 in T-regulatory cells that are involved in autoimmune responses. Moreover, in the brain this receptor is regulated by interactions with other GPCRs, such as the recently deorphanized receptor, GPR171, and other hypothalamic receptors such as MC4R and GHSR. The following review will summarize the properties of GPR83 and highlight its known and potential significance in health and disease, as well as its promise as a novel target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Lueptow
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Freidman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Freidman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Amanda K Fakira
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Freidman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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