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Ma Y, He Z, Wang J, Zheng P, Ma Z, Liang Q, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Huang J, Weng W, Jiang J, Feng J. Mild hypothermia promotes neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells via RBM3-SOX11 signaling pathway. iScience 2024; 27:109435. [PMID: 38523796 PMCID: PMC10960102 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Both therapeutic hypothermia and neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation have shown promise in neuroprotection and neural repair after brain injury. However, the effects of therapeutic hypothermia on neuronal differentiation of NSCs are not elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether mild hypothermia promoted neuronal differentiation in cultured and transplanted human NSCs (hNSCs). A significant increase in neuronal differentiation rate of hNSCs was found when exposed to 35°C, from 33% to 45% in vitro and from 7% to 15% in vivo. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing identified upregulation of RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) in neuroblast at 35°C, which stabilized the SRY-box transcription factor 11 (SOX11) mRNA and increased its protein expression, leading to an increase in neuronal differentiation of hNSCs. In conclusion, our study highlights that mild hypothermia at 35°C enhances hNSCs-induced neurogenesis through the novel RBM3-SOX11 signaling pathway, and provides a potential treatment strategy in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Ma
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhenghui He
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jiangchang Wang
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai 201299, China
| | - Zixuan Ma
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiongfei Zhao
- Shanghai Angecon Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weiji Weng
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jiyao Jiang
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Junfeng Feng
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China
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Zhu K, Zhang H, Luan Y, Hu B, Shen T, Ma B, Zhang Z, Zheng X. KDM4C promotes mouse hippocampal neural stem cell proliferation through modulating ApoE expression. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23511. [PMID: 38421303 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302439r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
KDM4C is implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance in various stem cell types. However, its function in neural stem cells (NSCs) remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of KDM4C in NSCs. Primary hippocampal NSCs were isolated from neonatal mice, and both in vivo and in vitro lentivirus-mediated overexpression of KDM4C were induced in these hippocampal NSCs. Staining results revealed a significant increase in BrdU- and Ki-67-positive cells, along with an elevated number of cells in S phases due to KDM4C overexpression. Subsequently, RNA-seq was employed to analyze gene expression changes following KDM4C upregulation. GO enrichment analysis, KEGG analysis, and GSEA highlighted KDM4C-regulated genes associated with development, cell cycle, and neurogenesis. Protein-protein interaction analysis uncovered that ApoE protein interacts with several genes (top 10 upregulated and downregulated) regulated by KDM4C. Notably, knocking down ApoE mitigated the proliferative effect induced by KDM4C overexpression in NSCs. Our study demonstrates that KDM4C overexpression significantly upregulates ApoE expression, ultimately promoting proliferation in mouse hippocampal NSCs. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms governing neurodevelopment, with potential implications for therapeutic strategies in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoqi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tu Shen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Medical Services Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Hussain G, Akram R, Anwar H, Sajid F, Iman T, Han HS, Raza C, De Aguilar JLG. Adult neurogenesis: a real hope or a delusion? Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:6-15. [PMID: 37488837 PMCID: PMC10479850 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process of creating new neurons, involves the coordinated division, migration, and differentiation of neural stem cells. This process is restricted to neurogenic niches located in two distinct areas of the brain: the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, where new neurons are generated and then migrate to the olfactory bulb. Neurogenesis has been thought to occur only during the embryonic and early postnatal stages and to decline with age due to a continuous depletion of neural stem cells. Interestingly, recent years have seen tremendous progress in our understanding of adult brain neurogenesis, bridging the knowledge gap between embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Here, we discuss the current status of adult brain neurogenesis in light of what we know about neural stem cells. In this notion, we talk about the importance of intracellular signaling molecules in mobilizing endogenous neural stem cell proliferation. Based on the current understanding, we can declare that these molecules play a role in targeting neurogenesis in the mature brain. However, to achieve this goal, we need to avoid the undesired proliferation of neural stem cells by controlling the necessary checkpoints, which can lead to tumorigenesis and prove to be a curse instead of a blessing or hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akram
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Faiqa Sajid
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tehreem Iman
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hyung Soo Han
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chand Raza
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jose-Luis Gonzalez De Aguilar
- INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Perdikaris P, Prouska P, Dermon CR. Social withdrawal and anxiety-like behavior have an impact on zebrafish adult neurogenesis. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1244075. [PMID: 37908201 PMCID: PMC10614005 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1244075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidence highlights the key role of adult neurogenesis events in environmental challenges, cognitive functions and mood regulation. Abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in anxiety-like behaviors and social impairments, but the possible mechanisms remain elusive. Methods The present study questioned the contribution of altered excitation/inhibition as well as excessive neuroinflammation in regulating the neurogenic processes within the Social Decision-Making (SDM) network, using an adult zebrafish model displaying NMDA receptor hypofunction after sub-chronic MK-801 administration. For this, the alterations in cell proliferation and newborn cell densities were evaluated using quantitative 5-Bromo-2'-Deoxyuridine (BrdU) methodology. Results In short-term survival experiments. MK-801-treated zebrafish displayed decreased cell proliferation pattern within distinct neurogenic zones of telencephalic and preoptic SDM nodes, in parallel to the social withdrawal and anxiety-like comorbidity. BrdU+ cells co-expressed the pro-inflammatory marker IL-1β solely in MK-801-treated zebrafish, indicating a role of inflammation. Following the cessation of drug treatment, significant increases in the BrdU+ cell densities were accompanied by the normalization of the social and anxiety-like phenotype. Importantly, most labeled cells in neurogenic zones showed a radial glial phenotype while a population of newborn cells expressed the early neuronal marker TOAD or mGLuR5, the latter suggesting the possible involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in neurogenic events. Discussion Overall, our results indicate the role of radial glial cell proliferation in the overlapping pathologies of anxiety and social disorders, observed in many neuropsychiatric disorders and possibly represent potential novel targets for amelioration of these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine R. Dermon
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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5
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Guo Z, Huang T, Liu Y, Liu C. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Promotes the Proliferation of Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Stem Cells via Activating cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:315-325. [PMID: 37385633 PMCID: PMC10465338 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor characterized by its heterogeneity and high recurrence and lethality rates. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) play a crucial role in therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. Therefore, targeting GSCs is a key objective in developing effective treatments for GBM. The role of Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) in GBM and its impact on GSCs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PTHrP on GSCs and its potential as a therapeutic target for GBM. Methods and Results Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found higher expression of PTHrP in GBM, which correlated inversely with survival. GSCs were established from three human GBM samples obtained after surgical resection. Exposure to recombinant human PTHrP protein (rPTHrP) at different concentrations significantly enhanced GSCs viability. Knockdown of PTHrP using target-specific siRNA (siPTHrP) inhibited tumorsphere formation and reduced the number of BrdU-positive cells. In an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, suppression of PTHrP expression led to significant inhibition of tumor growth. The addition of rPTHrP in the growth medium counteracted the antiproliferative effect of siPTHrP. Further investigation revealed that PTHrP increased cAMP concentration and activated the PKA signaling pathway. Treatment with forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, nullified the antiproliferative effect of siPTHrP. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that PTHrP promotes the proliferation of patient-derived GSCs by activating the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. These results uncover a novel role for PTHrP and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tingqin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chongxiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Naffaa MM, Khan RR, Kuo CT, Yin HH. Cortical regulation of neurogenesis and cell proliferation in the ventral subventricular zone. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112783. [PMID: 37422764 PMCID: PMC10422956 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) are controlled by cell-intrinsic molecular pathways that interact with extrinsic signaling cues. In this study, we identify a circuit that regulates neurogenesis and cell proliferation in the lateral ventricle-subventricular zone (LV-SVZ). Our results demonstrate that direct glutamatergic projections from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), as well as inhibitory projections from calretinin+ local interneurons, modulate the activity of cholinergic neurons in the subependymal zone (subep-ChAT+). Furthermore, in vivo optogenetic stimulation and inhibition of the ACC-subep-ChAT+ circuit are sufficient to control neurogenesis in the ventral SVZ. Both subep-ChAT+ and local calretinin+ neurons play critical roles in regulating ventral SVZ neurogenesis and LV-SVZ cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moawiah M Naffaa
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Rehan R Khan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chay T Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Henry H Yin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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7
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Luan Y, Zhang H, Ma K, Liu Y, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang Z. CCN3/NOV Regulates Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation in Mouse Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells via the Activation of the Notch/PTEN/AKT Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10324. [PMID: 37373471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the subgranular zone (SGZ) throughout the lifespan and hold immense potential for the repair and regeneration of the central nervous system, including hippocampal-related diseases. Several studies have demonstrated that cellular communication network protein 3 (CCN3) regulates multiple types of stem cells. However, the role of CCN3 in NSCs remains unknown. In this study, we identified CCN3 expression in mouse hippocampal NSCs and observed that supplementing CCN3 improved cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, in vivo results showed that the injection of CCN3 in the dentate gyrus (DG) increased Ki-67- and SOX2-positive cells while decreasing neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1) and doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells. Consistently with the in vivo results, supplementing CCN3 in the medium increased the number of BrdU and Ki-67 cells and the proliferation index but decreased the number of Tuj1 and DCX cells. Conversely, both the in vivo and in vitro knockdown of the Ccn3 gene in NSCs had opposite effects. Further investigations revealed that CCN3 promoted cleaved Notch1 (NICD) expression, leading to the suppression of PTEN expression and eventual promotion of AKT activation. In contrast, Ccn3 knockdown inhibited the activation of the Notch/PTEN/AKT pathway. Finally, the effects of changes in CCN3 protein expression on NSC proliferation and differentiation were eliminated by FLI-06 (a Notch inhibitor) and VO-OH (a PTEN inhibitor). Our findings imply that while promoting proliferation, CCN3 inhibits the neuronal differentiation of mouse hippocampal NSCs and that the Notch/PTEN/AKT pathway may be a potential intracellular target of CCN3. Our findings may help develop strategies to enhance the intrinsic potential for brain regeneration after injuries, particularly stem cell treatment for hippocampal-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kaige Ma
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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8
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Cortical projection to the subventricular zone and its effect on adult neurogenesis in mice. Neurosci Lett 2023; 799:137101. [PMID: 36731593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Various brain regions/nuclei project axons to the subventricular zone (SVZ), a postnatal neurogenic niche. In adults, neurogenesis is controlled by neuronal activity, via neurotransmitters. Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter, and glutamate receptors are expressed in SVZ cells. Although the cerebral cortex is a major source of glutamate and the medial cortex projects axons to the medial striatum next to the SVZ, it remains unclear whether cortical neurons regulate adult neurogenesis in vivo. First, to analyze axonal projection, plasmid vector expressing DsRed was introduced to the medial cortex by in utero electroporation. At the adult stage, DsRed-labeled axons were detected in the dorsolateral, striatal, and septal areas of the SVZ, and where they were in contact with neuroblasts. Furthermore, maturation of the cortical projection and the SVZ appeared to synchronize during postnatal stages. Next, stab injuries were made in the bilateral medial cortex to interrupt cortical input to the SVZ. At 17 days post-injury, cell proliferation in the SVZ and tangential migration of neuroblasts to the olfactory bulb were not significantly affected. There were clusters of neuroblasts in the striatum close to the SVZ in all experimental groups, but the number and size of neuroblast clusters were significantly larger in the medial cortex-injured group compared with the other experimental groups. These neuroblast clusters had a morphology of tangentially migrating cells to the olfactory bulb. These results suggest that cortical input to the SVZ inhibits the radial migration of neuroblasts to converge with the migration pathway in vivo.
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Liu Y, Luan Y, Guo Z, Liu Y, Liu C. Periostin attenuates oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced death of mouse neural stem cells via inhibition of p38 MAPK activation. Neurosci Lett 2022; 774:136526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Zhang Z, Wang L, Liu Y, Luan Y, Zhu K, Tian Y, Liu Y, Zheng X. Activation of type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor attenuates oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis in human neural stem cells via inhibition of ASK1-p38 signaling pathway. Brain Res 2021; 1767:147561. [PMID: 34133989 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic brain injury (HIBI) has been one of the most severe central nervous system (CNS) diseases with high fatality and disability rate. Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the mammalian brain throughout life and NSCs-associated therapies might be a promising strategy for the HIBI treatment. In this study, we identified that type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR4) was expressed in cultured human NSCs (hNSCs) isolated from the human fetus cortex and further established the oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model in hNSCs to study the role of mGluR4 in hypoxic and ischemic injury. The results indicated that mGluR4 activation by using VU0155041 (mGluR4-specific agonist) markedly attenuated the OGD-induced alterations in TUNEL staining, apoptosis rate, cleavages of pro-caspase-8, -9, -3, and Bcl-2/Bax expression balance. Furthermore, mGluR4 activation inhibited the ASK1/p38 signaling pathway. Asiatic acid, as a p38 MAPK activator, is capable of abolishing the neuroprotective effect of mGluR4, while both NQDI-1 (ASK-1 inhibitor) and SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) exerted similar effects to VU0155041 in the OGD-induced hNSC damage. In conclusion, this study indicates that mGluR4 activation protects hNSCs against the OGD-induced cell death via inhibiting the ASK1-p38 pathway. Activation of mGluR4 might be a promising strategy for enhancing NSCs survival in hypoxic and ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yumei Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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11
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Targeting the dysfunction of glutamate receptors for the development of novel antidepressants. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 226:107875. [PMID: 33901503 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that dysfunction of glutamate receptors is involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Although accumulating efforts have been made to elucidate the applications and mechanisms underlying antidepressant-like effects of ketamine, a non-selective antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), the role of specific glutamate receptor subunit in regulating depression is not completely clear. The current review aims to discuss the relationships between glutamate receptor subunits and depressive-like behaviors. Research literatures were searched from inception to July 2020. We summarized the alterations of glutamate receptor subunits in patients with MDD and animal models of depression. Animal behaviors in response to dysfunction of glutamate receptor subunits were also surveyed. To fully understand mechanisms underlying antidepressant-like effects of modulators targeting glutamate receptors, we discussed effects of each glutamate receptor subunit on serotonin system, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Finally, we collected most recent clinical applications of glutamate receptor modulators and pointed out the limitations of these candidates in the treatment of MDD.
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12
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Luan Y, Zhu K, Hu B, Ma B, Chen L, Liu X, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zheng X. Activation of Type 4 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Regulates Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation in a Cultured Rat Retinal Progenitor Cell Through the Suppression of the cAMP/PTEN/AKT Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:141. [PMID: 32973444 PMCID: PMC7469868 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) remain in the eye throughout life and can be characterized by their ability for self-renewal as well as their specialization into different cell types. A recent study has suggested that metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) participate in the processes of multiple types of stem cells. Therefore, clarifying the functions of different subtypes of mGluRs in RPCs may provide a novel treatment strategy for regulating the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous RPCs after retinal degeneration. In this study, we observed that mGluR4 was functionally expressed in RPCs, with an effect on cell viability and intracellular cAMP concentration. The activation of mGluR4 by VU0155041 (VU, mGluR4 positive allosteric selective modulator) reduced the number of BrdU+/Pax6+ double-positive cells and Cyclin D1 expression levels while increasing the number of neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1)- and Doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells. The knockdown of mGluR4 by target-specific siRNA abolished the effects of VU on RPC proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Further investigation demonstrated that mGluR4 activation inhibited AKT phosphorylation and up-regulated PTEN protein expression. Moreover, the VU0155041-induced inhibition of proliferation and enhancement of neuronal differentiation in RPCs were significantly hampered by Forskolin (adenylyl cyclase activator) and VO-OHpic trihydrate (PTEN inhibitor). In contrast, the effect of LY294002 (a highly selective Akt inhibitor) on proliferation and differentiation was similar to that of VU. These results indicate that mGluR4 activation can suppress proliferation and promote the neural differentiation of cultured rat RPCs through the cAMP/PTEN/AKT pathway. Our research lays the foundation for further pharmacological work exploring a novel potential therapy for several retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoqi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Gao Y, Qiao H, Zhong T, Lu Z, Hou Y. MicroRNA‑29a promotes the neural differentiation of rat neural stem/progenitor cells by targeting KLF4. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1008-1016. [PMID: 32468029 PMCID: PMC7339629 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) remain in the mammalian brain throughout life, where they have the ability to self-renew and generate different types of cell in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, NSPCs may be a potential novel therapeutic strategy following damage to the CNS. Previous research has reported that microRNA (miR)-29a served an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and survival; however, to the best of our knowledge, little is known of the effect of miR-29a in neural differentiation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-29a on the differentiation of NSPCs, determined via RNA interference, immunostaining, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The present study discovered that the expression levels of miR-29a were significantly upregulated in a time-dependent manner during neural differentiation. Immunostaining showed that overexpression of miR-29a promoted neural differentiation, which manifested in increased expression levels of neuron-specific class III β-tubulin (Tuj1); however, miR-29a had no effect on neuroglial differentiation. The expression levels of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) were downregulated following overexpression of miR-29a, whereas the inhibition of miR-29a demonstrated the opposite effect. These results suggested that the overexpression of miR-29a may promote neural differentiation in cultured rat NSPCs by decreasing the expression levels of KLF4. Thus indicating that targeting KLF4, a crucial regulatory factor for the maintenance of stemness, may be a potential underlying mechanism of action for miR-29a. In conclusion, the findings of the present study identified a potential mechanism of action for miR-29a in NSPC differentiation and provided a novel insight into the treatment strategies for CNS damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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