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Micro-computed tomography assessment of bone structure in aging mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8117. [PMID: 35581227 PMCID: PMC9114112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution computed tomography (CT) is widely used to assess bone structure under physiological and pathological conditions. Although the analytic protocols and parameters for micro-CT (μCT) analyses in mice are standardized for long bones, vertebrae, and the palms in aging mice, they have not yet been established for craniofacial bones. In this study, we conducted a morphometric assessment of craniofacial bones, in comparison with long bones, in aging mice. Although age-related changes were observed in the microarchitecture of the femur, tibia, vertebra, and basisphenoid bone, and were more pronounced in females than in males, the microarchitecture of both the interparietal bone and body of the mandible, which develop by intramembranous ossification, was less affected by age and sex. By contrast, the condyle of the mandible was more affected by aging in males compared to females. Taken together, our results indicate that mouse craniofacial bones are uniquely affected by age and sex.
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Bizzozzero-Hiriart M, Di Giorgio NP, Libertun C, Lux-Lantos VAR. GABAB Receptor Antagonism from Birth to Weaning Permanently Modifies Kiss1 Expression in the Hypothalamus and Gonads in Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:998-1026. [PMID: 34963114 DOI: 10.1159/000521649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The kisspeptin gene Kiss1 is expressed in two hypothalamic areas: anteroventral periventricular nucleus/periventricular nucleus (AVPV/PeN) and arcuate nucleus (ARC), and also in gonads. Several pieces of evidence suggests that gamma-amino butyric acid B receptors (GABAB) signaling can regulate Kiss1 expression. Here, we inhibited GABAB signaling from PND2 to PND21 and evaluated the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. METHODS BALB/c mice were treated on postnatal days 2-21 (PND2-PND21) with CGP55845 (GABAB antagonist) and evaluated in PND21 and adulthood: gene expression (qPCR) in the hypothalamus and gonads, hormones by radioimmunoassay, gonad histochemistry (H&E), puberty onset, and estrous cycles. RESULTS At PND21, CGP inhibited Kiss1 and Tac2 and increased Pdyn and Gabbr1 in the ARC of both sexes and decreased Th only in female AVPV/PeN. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testis weight were decreased in CGP-males, and puberty onset was delayed. In adults, Kiss1, Tac2, Pdyn, Pgr, Cyp19a1, and Gad1 were downregulated, while Gabbr1 was upregulated in the ARC of both sexes. In the AVPV/PeN, Kiss1, Th, Cyp19a1, and Pgr were decreased while Gad1 was increased in CGP-females, whereas Cyp19a1 was increased in CGP-males. Serum FSH was increased in CGP-males while prolactin was increased in CGP-females. Testosterone and progesterone were increased in ovaries from CGP-females, in which Kiss1, Cyp19a1, and Esr1 were downregulated while Hsd3b2 was upregulated, together with increased atretic and decreased ovulatory follicles. Testes from CGP-males showed decreased progesterone, increased Gabbr1, Kiss1, Kiss1r, and Esr2 and decreased Cyp19a1, and clear signs of seminiferous tubules atrophy. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that appropriate GABAB signaling during this critical prepubertal period is necessary for the normal development of the HPG axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Bizzozzero-Hiriart
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia P Di Giorgio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Libertun
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria A R Lux-Lantos
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Li LZ, Lei SS, Li B, Zhou FC, Chen YH, Su J, Lv GY, Chen SH. Dendrobium officinalis Flower Improves Learning and Reduces Memory Impairment by Mediating Antioxidant Effect and Balancing the Release of Neurotransmitters in Senescent Rats. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 23:402-410. [PMID: 32264810 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200407080352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The Dendrobium officinalis flower (DOF) is popular in China due to common belief in its anti-aging properties and positive effects on "nourish yin". However, there have been relatively few confirmatory pharmacological experiments conducted to date. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether DOF has beneficial effects on learning and memory in senescent rats, and, if so, to determine its potential mechanism of effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS SD rats were administrated orally DOF at a dose of 1.38, or 0.46 g/kg once a day for 8 weeks. Two other groups included a healthy untreated control group and a senescent control group. During the 7th week, a Morris water maze test was performed to assess learning and memory. At the end of the experiment, serum and brain samples were collected to measure concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Px) in serum, and the neurotransmitters, including γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA), Glutamic (Glu), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain. Histopathology of the hippocampus was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS The results suggested that treatment with DOF improved learning as measured by escape latency, total distance, and target quadrant time, and also increased levels of γ-GABA in the brain. In addition, DOF decreased the levels of MDA, Glu, and MAO-B, and improved SOD and GSHPx. Histopathological analysis showed that DOF also significantly reduced structural lesions and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus relative to untreated senescent rats. CONCLUSION DOF alleviated brain aging and improved the spatial learning abilities in senescent rats, potentially by attenuating oxidative stress and thus reducing hippocampal damage and balancing the release of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Zi Li
- Department of Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Shan-Shan Lei
- Department of Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Fu-Chen Zhou
- Department of Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ye-Hui Chen
- Department of Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jie Su
- Department of College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- Department of College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Department of Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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Dai X, Hong L, Shen H, Du Q, Ye Q, Chen X, Zhang J. Estradiol-induced senescence of hypothalamic astrocytes contributes to aging-related reproductive function declines in female mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6089-6108. [PMID: 32259796 PMCID: PMC7185128 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic astrocytes are important contributors that activate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and promote GnRH/LH (luteinizing hormone) surge. However, the potential roles and mechanisms of astrocytes during the early reproductive decline remain obscure. The current study reported that, in intact middle-aged female mice, astrocytes within the hypothalamic RP3V accumulated senescence-related markers with increasing age. It employed an ovariectomized animal model and a cell model receiving estrogen intervention to confirm the estrogen-induced senescence of hypothalamic astrocytes. It found that estrogen metabolites may be an important factor for the estrogen-induced astrocyte senescence. In vitro molecular analysis revealed that ovarian estradiol activated PKA and up-regulated CYPs expression, metabolizing estradiol into 2-OHE2 and 4-OHE2. Of note, in middle-aged mice, the progesterone synthesis and the ability to promote GnRH release were significantly reduced. Besides, the expression of growth factors decreased and the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased in the aging astrocytes. The findings confirm that ovarian estradiol induces the senescence of hypothalamic astrocytes and that the senescent astrocytes compromise the regulation of progesterone synthesis and GnRH secretion, which may contribute to the aging-related declines in female reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Dai
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Luyan Hong
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi. China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, FujianChina
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
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Unal G, Crump MG, Viney TJ, Éltes T, Katona L, Klausberger T, Somogyi P. Spatio-temporal specialization of GABAergic septo-hippocampal neurons for rhythmic network activity. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2409-2432. [PMID: 29500537 PMCID: PMC5968071 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Medial septal GABAergic neurons of the basal forebrain innervate the hippocampus and related cortical areas, contributing to the coordination of network activity, such as theta oscillations and sharp wave-ripple events, via a preferential innervation of GABAergic interneurons. Individual medial septal neurons display diverse activity patterns, which may be related to their termination in different cortical areas and/or to the different types of innervated interneurons. To test these hypotheses, we extracellularly recorded and juxtacellularly labeled single medial septal neurons in anesthetized rats in vivo during hippocampal theta and ripple oscillations, traced their axons to distant cortical target areas, and analyzed their postsynaptic interneurons. Medial septal GABAergic neurons exhibiting different hippocampal theta phase preferences and/or sharp wave-ripple related activity terminated in restricted hippocampal regions, and selectively targeted a limited number of interneuron types, as established on the basis of molecular markers. We demonstrate the preferential innervation of bistratified cells in CA1 and of basket cells in CA3 by individual axons. One group of septal neurons was suppressed during sharp wave-ripples, maintained their firing rate across theta and non-theta network states and mainly fired along the descending phase of CA1 theta oscillations. In contrast, neurons that were active during sharp wave-ripples increased their firing significantly during "theta" compared to "non-theta" states, with most firing during the ascending phase of theta oscillations. These results demonstrate that specialized septal GABAergic neurons contribute to the coordination of network activity through parallel, target area- and cell type-selective projections to the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunes Unal
- Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Rd, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
- Department of Psychology, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Michael G Crump
- Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Rd, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Tim J Viney
- Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Rd, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Tímea Éltes
- Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Rd, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Linda Katona
- Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Rd, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Thomas Klausberger
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Rd, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.
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Faunes M, Oñate-Ponce A, Fernández-Collemann S, Henny P. Excitatory and inhibitory innervation of the mouse orofacial motor nuclei: A stereological study. J Comp Neurol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Faunes
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía, Departamento de Anatomía Normal, Escuela de Medicina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Sensory and Motor Systems Group, Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019, Grafton 1023 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Alejandro Oñate-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía, Departamento de Anatomía Normal, Escuela de Medicina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Sara Fernández-Collemann
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía, Departamento de Anatomía Normal, Escuela de Medicina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo Henny
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía, Departamento de Anatomía Normal, Escuela de Medicina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
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Yin W, Sun Z, Mendenhall JM, Walker DM, Riha PD, Bezner KS, Gore AC. Expression of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (vGluT2) on Large Dense-Core Vesicles within GnRH Neuroterminals of Aging Female Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129633. [PMID: 26053743 PMCID: PMC4459826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulsatile release of GnRH is crucial for normal reproductive physiology across the life cycle, a process that is regulated by hypothalamic neurotransmitters. GnRH terminals co-express the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) as a marker of a glutamatergic phenotype. The current study sought to elucidate the relationship between glutamate and GnRH nerve terminals in the median eminence—the site of GnRH release into the portal capillary vasculature. We also determined whether this co-expression may change during reproductive senescence, and if steroid hormones, which affect responsiveness of GnRH neurons to glutamate, may alter the co-expression pattern. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized at young adult, middle-aged and old ages (~4, 11, and 22 months, respectively) and treated four weeks later with sequential vehicle + vehicle (VEH + VEH), estradiol + vehicle (E2 + VEH), or estradiol + progesterone (E2+P4). Rats were perfused 24 hours after the second hormone treatment. Confocal microscopy was used to determine colocalization of GnRH and vGluT2 immunofluorescence in the median eminence. Post-embedding immunogold labeling of GnRH and vGluT2, and a serial electron microscopy (EM) technique were used to determine the cellular interaction between GnRH terminals and glutamate signaling. Confocal analysis showed that GnRH and vGluT2 immunofluorescent puncta were extensively colocalized in the median eminence and that their density declined with age but was unaffected by short-term hormone treatment. EM results showed that vGluT2 immunoreactivity was extensively associated with large dense-core vesicles, suggesting a unique glutamatergic signaling pathway in GnRH terminals. Our results provide novel subcellular information about the intimate relationship between GnRH terminals and glutamate in the median eminence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Yin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zengrong Sun
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - John M. Mendenhall
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Deena M. Walker
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Penny D. Riha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kelsey S. Bezner
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrea C. Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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