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Olsen T, Caruana D, Cheslack-Postava K, Szema A, Thieme J, Kiss A, Singh M, Smith G, McClain S, Glotch T, Esposito M, Promisloff R, Ng D, He X, Egeblad M, Kew R, Szema A. Iraq/Afghanistan war lung injury reflects burn pits exposure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14671. [PMID: 36038588 PMCID: PMC9424528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This descriptive case series retrospectively reviewed medical records from thirty-one previously healthy, war-fighting veterans who self-reported exposure to airborne hazards while serving in Iraq and Afghanistan between 2003 and the present. They all noted new-onset dyspnea, which began during deployment or as a military contractor. Twenty-one subjects underwent non-invasive pulmonary diagnostic testing, including maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and impulse oscillometry (IOS). In addition, five soldiers received a lung biopsy; tissue results were compared to a previously published sample from a soldier in our Iraq Afghanistan War Lung Injury database and others in our database with similar exposures, including burn pits. We also reviewed civilian control samples (5) from the Stony Brook University database. Military personnel were referred to our International Center of Excellence in Deployment Health and Medical Geosciences, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell under the auspices of Northwell IRB: 17-0140-FIMR Feinstein Institution for Medical Research "Clinicopathologic characteristics of Iraq Afghanistan War Lung Injury." We retrospectively examined medical records, including exposure data, radiologic imaging, and non-invasive pulmonary function testing (MGC Diagnostic Platinum Elite Plethysmograph) using the American Thoracic Society (ATS) standard interpretation based on Morgan et al., and for a limited cohort, biopsy data. Lung tissue, when available, was examined for carbonaceous particles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Raman spectroscopy), metals, titanium connected to iron (Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source II, Beamline 5-ID), oxidized metals, combustion temperature, inflammatory cell accumulation and fibrosis, neutrophil extracellular traps, Sirius red, Prussian Blue, as well as polarizable crystals/particulate matter/dust. Among twenty-one previously healthy, deployable soldiers with non-invasive pulmonary diagnostic tests, post-deployment, all had severely decreased MEP values, averaging 42% predicted. These same patients concurrently demonstrated abnormal airways reactance (X5Hz) and peripheral/distal airways resistance (D5-D20%) via IOS, averaging - 1369% and 23% predicted, respectively. These tests support the concept of airways hyperresponsiveness and distal airways narrowing, respectively. Among the five soldiers biopsied, all had constrictive bronchiolitis. We detected the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)-which are products of incomplete combustion-in the lung tissue of all five warfighters. All also had detectable titanium and iron in the lungs. Metals were all oxidized, supporting the concept of inhaling burned metals. Combustion temperature was consistent with that of burned petrol rather than higher temperatures noted with cigarettes. All were nonsmokers. Neutrophil extracellular traps were reported in two biopsies. Compared to our prior biopsies in our Middle East deployment database, these histopathologic results are similar, since all database biopsies have constrictive bronchiolitis, one has lung fibrosis with titanium bound to iron in fixed mathematical ratios of 1:7 and demonstrated polarizable crystals. These results, particularly constrictive bronchiolitis and polarizable crystals, support the prior data of King et al. (N. Engl. J. Med. 365:222-230, 2011) Soldiers in this cohort deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan since 2003, with exposure to airborne hazards, including sandstorms, burn pits, and improvised explosive devices, are at high risk for developing chronic clinical respiratory problems, including: (1) reduction in respiratory muscle strength; (2) airways hyperresponsiveness; and (3) distal airway narrowing, which may be associated with histopathologic evidence of lung damage, reflecting inhalation of burned particles from burn pits along with particulate matter/dust. Non-invasive pulmonary diagnostic tests are a predictor of burn pit-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Olsen
- grid.16416.340000 0004 1936 9174University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Simon Business School, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
| | - Dennis Caruana
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Keely Cheslack-Postava
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University Global Psychiatric Epidemiology Group, NYSPI Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, USA
| | - Austin Szema
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Northeastern University College of Art, Media, and Design (CAMD) Game Design Program, Boston, USA ,grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229Brookhaven National Laboratory National Synchrotron Light Source II Beam ID-5, Upton, USA
| | - Juergen Thieme
- grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229Brookhaven National Laboratory National Synchrotron Light Source II Beam ID-5, Upton, USA
| | - Andrew Kiss
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Science Coordinator Imaging and Microscopy Program and Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Malvika Singh
- grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229Brookhaven National Laboratory National Synchrotron Radiation Light Source II Bean ID-5, Upton, USA
| | - Gregory Smith
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | | | - Timothy Glotch
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Center for Space Exploration (CEx) Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Michael Esposito
- grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Department of Pathology North Shore University Hospital Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, USA
| | - Robert Promisloff
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - David Ng
- grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519Rockefeller University Department of Cancer Biology, New York, USA
| | - Xueyan He
- grid.225279.90000 0004 0387 3667Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Department of Cancer Biology, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- grid.225279.90000 0004 0387 3667Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Department of Cancer Biology, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Richard Kew
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Pathology Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Anthony Szema
- grid.416477.70000 0001 2168 3646Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Division of Allergy/Immunology, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, USA ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, International Center of Excellence in Deployment Health and Medical Geosciences, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, USA
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2
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Lu Z, Lu X, Xia L, Zhong Y, Li G, Hu Y. Cobalt doped nitrogenous porous carbon derived from covalent organic framework as cataluminescence catalyst for rapid determination of n-hexane in edible oil. Talanta 2021; 232:122428. [PMID: 34074414 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a catalytic material of cobalt doped nitrogenous porous carbon (Co/NPC) was fabricated from covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and cobalt ion via directly carbonization. Attribute to the excellent selective catalytic performance towards n-hexane, Co/NPC was employed in cataluminescence (CTL) for rapid and sensitive determination of n-hexane. Moreover, the detection conditions of CTL were evaluated, including temperature, flow rate and detecting wavelength. Under optimized conditions, a good linear relation between signal intensity of CTL and n-hexane concentration was obtained in the linear range of 0.4-250.0 mg/L and the limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) was 0.13 mg/L. Furthermore, the Co/NPC based CTL sensor was successfully applied to the determination of n-hexane in edible oil samples with the recoveries in the range of 92.0%-104.0%. The method comparison results of GC/MS and CTL on real sample analysis further proved the accuracy of the developed Co/NPC based CTL method. Additionally, the possible catalytic mechanism of n-hexane on the surface of Co/NPC was investigated, assisting by GC/MS on intermediation products identification. Overall, the Co/NPC based CTL sensor has been confirmed excellent performance in the n-hexane determination, which revealing extensive application in rapid residual n-hexane analysis in edible oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Lu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaotian Lu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yanhui Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yufei Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Glibenclamide attenuates 2,5-hexanedione-induced neurotoxicity in the spinal cord of rats through mitigation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:152-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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4
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Huang R, Hou L, Ruan Z, Zhang D, Sun W, Wang Q. NLRP3 inflammasome mediates 2,5-hexanedione-induced neurotoxicity through regulation of macrophage infiltration in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109232. [PMID: 32860822 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, whether nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation contributes to neuropathy induced by 2,5-Hexanedione (HD), the toxic metabolite of n-hexane, remains unknown. In this study, we found that HD intoxication elevated NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β production in sciatic nerve of rats, indicating activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. The increased cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein, an important mediator of pyroptosis, and axon degeneration were also observed in sciatic nerves of HD-intoxicated rats. Interestingly, glybenclamide, a widely used inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, significantly reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which was associated with decreased GSDMD cleavage and axon degeneration as well as improved motor performance of HD-intoxicated rats. Subsequently, we found that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by glybenclamide attenuated macrophage infiltration, activation and M1 polarization in sciatic nerves of HD-intoxicated rats. Furthermore, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and increased glutathione (GSH) level and total anti-oxidative capacity were also observed in sciatic nerves of rats treated with combined glybenclamide and HD compared with HD alone group. Altogether, our findings suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to HD-induced neurotoxicity by enhancing macrophage infiltration and activation as well as oxidative stress, providing a novel mechanism of neuropathy induced by this neurotoxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Huang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liyan Hou
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhengzheng Ruan
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qingshan Wang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Rosa ACS, Stevanato N, Santos Garcia VA, Silva C. Simultaneous extraction of the oil from the kernel and pulp of macauba fruit using a green solvent. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Stevanato
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Maringá Brasil
| | - Vitor Augusto Santos Garcia
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Pirassununga Brasil
| | - Camila Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Maringá Brasil
- Departamento de Tecnologia Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Umuarama Brasil
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Thulasirajah S, Michaud J, Doja A, McMillan HJ. Inhaled Solvent Abuse Mimicking Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy. Child Neurol Open 2020; 7:2329048X20934914. [PMID: 32613026 PMCID: PMC7307582 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x20934914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to n-hexane or toluene-containing solvents such as glue or gasoline can
produce clinical symptoms and neurophysiological findings that can mimic chronic
inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. The authors present a case of a boy
with severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy with demyelinating features.
Cerebrospinal fluid testing and magnetic resonance imaging spine did not show
findings typical of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. His lack
of response to immunosuppressive therapy prompted a nerve biopsy which was
instrumental in confirming a diagnosis of chronic organic solvent exposure,
subsequently confirmed on history. This case highlights the importance of
additional testing to ensure diagnostic certainty which allows appropriate
treatment and/or disease management to be tailored appropriately including in
this instance, the involvement of mental health counseling and avoidance of
immunosuppressant medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salini Thulasirajah
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Michaud
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asif Doja
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugh J McMillan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Marmor M, Thawani S, Cotrina ML, Shao Y, Wong ES, Stecker MM, Wang B, Allen A, Wilkenfeld M, Vinik EJ, Vinik AI, Reibman J. Case-Control Study of Paresthesia Among World Trade Center-Exposed Community Members. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:307-316. [PMID: 32049876 PMCID: PMC7113112 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether paresthesia of the lower extremities following exposure to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster was associated with signs of neuropathy, metabolic abnormalities, or neurotoxin exposures. METHODS Case-control study comparing WTC-exposed paresthesia cases with "clinic controls" (WTC-exposed subjects without paresthesias), and "community controls" (WTC-unexposed persons). RESULTS Neurological histories and examination findings were significantly worse in cases than controls. Intraepidermal nerve fiber densities were below normal in 47% of cases and sural to radial sensory nerve amplitude ratios were less than 0.4 in 29.4%. Neurologic abnormalities were uncommon among WTC-unexposed community controls. Metabolic conditions and neurotoxin exposures did not differ among groups. CONCLUSIONS Paresthesias among WTC-exposed individuals were associated with signs of neuropathy, small and large fiber disease. The data support WTC-related exposures as risk factors for neuropathy, and do not support non-WTC etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Marmor
- Department of Population Health, New York University School
of Medicine, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University
School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of
Medicine, USA
| | - Sujata Thawani
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of
Medicine, USA
| | | | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Population Health, New York University School
of Medicine, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University
School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ericka S. Wong
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of
Medicine, USA
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University
Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark M. Stecker
- UCSF/Fresno and University Neurology Associates, Fresno,
CA, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Population Health, New York University School
of Medicine, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University
School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Marc Wilkenfeld
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of
Medicine, USA
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Etta J. Vinik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center,
Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Aaron I. Vinik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center,
Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Joan Reibman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University
School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of
Medicine, USA
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8
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Proapoptotic effects of 2,5‑hexanedione on pheochromocytoma cells via oxidative injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3249-3255. [PMID: 31432125 PMCID: PMC6755188 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
N‑hexanes are prominent environmental pollutants that are able to cause neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Central and peripheral neuropathies induced by n‑hexane exposure are a major health concern. 2,5‑Hexanedione (2,5‑HD) is the most significant neurotoxic metabolite of n‑hexane; however, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism of its neurotoxicity. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the damaging effects of 2,5‑HD on pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, and to explore the underlying mechanism. Cell viability was tested using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 method, and the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cells was measured using an LDH assay kit. Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined using corresponding assay kits. Apoptotic cells were detected using an annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis kit, and were subsequently observed by fluorescence microscopy. The relative expression levels of cleaved‑caspase‑3, Bcl‑associated‑X protein (Bax) and Bcl‑2 were identified by western blotting. The results revealed that 2,5‑HD was able to decrease the viability of PC12 cells and promoted the leakage of LDH in a concentrationdependent manner. Further analysis demonstrated that 2,5‑HD decreased the activity of the antioxidative enzymes, SOD and GSHPx, and led to an increase in the levels of MDA in the supernatant of cultured PC12 cells. The annexin V/PI staining results revealed that the numbers of apoptotic cells were increased following treatment with 2,5‑HD. In addition, 2,5‑HD (5 and 10 mmol/l) led to significant increases in the expression levels of caspase‑3 and Bax, with the concomitant downregulation of Bcl‑2. The antioxidant N‑acetylcysteine was identified to antagonize 2,5‑HD‑stimulated cleaved‑caspase‑3 and Bax upregulation, and Bcl‑2 downregulation. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that 2,5‑HD exerts proapoptotic effects on PC12 cells via oxidative injury. These findings may be applied in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat neurological disorders associated with nhexane exposure.
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9
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Chaqda M, El Mellakh M, Kissani N, Louhab N. Neuropathy caused by addictive inhalation of n-hexane in glue sniffers. Presse Med 2019; 48:568-572. [PMID: 31064686 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Chaqda
- University Hospital Mohammed VI, Neurology department, No. 132 Talloujt 2, Daoudiat, Marrakesh, Morocco.
| | - Meriem El Mellakh
- University Hospital Mohammed VI, Neurology department, No. 132 Talloujt 2, Daoudiat, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Najib Kissani
- University Hospital Mohammed VI, Neurology department, No. 132 Talloujt 2, Daoudiat, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Nisrine Louhab
- University Hospital Mohammed VI, Neurology department, No. 132 Talloujt 2, Daoudiat, Marrakesh, Morocco
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