1
|
Knyazeva A, Dyachuk V. Neural crest and sons: role of neural crest cells and Schwann cell precursors in development and gland embryogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1406199. [PMID: 38989061 PMCID: PMC11233730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1406199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we consider the multipotency of neural crest cells (NCCs), Schwann cell precursors (SCPs), and their role in embryogenesis base on genetic tracing and knock out model animals and single cell transcriptomic analysis. In particular, we summarize and analyze data on the contribution of NCCs and SCPs to the gland development and functions.
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi Y, Huang D, Song C, Cao R, Wang Z, Wang D, Zhao L, Xu X, Lu C, Xiong F, Zhao H, Li S, Zhou Q, Luo S, Hu D, Zhang Y, Wang C, Shen Y, Su W, Wu Y, Schmitz K, Wei S, Song W. Diphthamide deficiency promotes association of eEF2 with p53 to induce p21 expression and neural crest defects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3301. [PMID: 38671004 PMCID: PMC11053169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diphthamide is a modified histidine residue unique for eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), a key ribosomal protein. Loss of this evolutionarily conserved modification causes developmental defects through unknown mechanisms. In a patient with compound heterozygous mutations in Diphthamide Biosynthesis 1 (DPH1) and impaired eEF2 diphthamide modification, we observe multiple defects in neural crest (NC)-derived tissues. Knockin mice harboring the patient's mutations and Xenopus embryos with Dph1 depleted also display NC defects, which can be attributed to reduced proliferation in the neuroepithelium. DPH1 depletion facilitates dissociation of eEF2 from ribosomes and association with p53 to promote transcription of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, resulting in inhibited proliferation. Knockout of one p21 allele rescues the NC phenotypes in the knockin mice carrying the patient's mutations. These findings uncover an unexpected role for eEF2 as a transcriptional coactivator for p53 to induce p21 expression and NC defects, which is regulated by diphthamide modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Daochao Huang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ruixue Cao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Congyu Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Haowen Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuyue Luo
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Dongjie Hu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Weiting Su
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Karl Schmitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Weihong Song
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sbaffone M, Jaffrain-Rea ML, Cappabianca L, Carbonara F, Gianno F, Feola T, Ruggieri M, Zelli V, Maccarone R, Guadagni S, Clementi M, Arcella A, Esposito V, Carozza G, Martelli I, Farina AR, Mackay AR. A Study of Alternative TrkA Splicing Identifies TrkAIII as a Novel Potentially Targetable Participant in PitNET Progression. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:171. [PMID: 38534441 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are generally benign but comprise an aggressive, invasive, therapy-resistant, metastatic subset, underpinning a need for novel therapeutic targets. PitNETs exhibit low mutation rates but are associated with conditions linked to alternative splicing, an alternative oncogene pathway activation mechanism. PitNETs express the neurotrophin receptor TrkA, which exhibits oncogenic alternative TrkAIII splicing in other neuroendocrine tumors. We, therefore, assessed whether TrkAIII splicing represents a potential oncogenic participant in PitNETs. TrkAIII splicing was RT-PCR assessed in 53 PitNETs and TrkA isoform(s) expression and activation were assessed by confocal immunofluorescence. TrkAIII splicing was also compared to HIF1α, HIF2α, SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1, and JCPyV large T antigen mRNA expression, Xbp1 splicing, and SF3B1 mutation. TrkAIII splicing was detected in all invasive and most non-invasive PitNETs and was significantly elevated in invasive cases. In PitNET lineages, TrkAIII splicing was significantly elevated in invasive PIT1 PitNETs and high in invasive and non-invasive SF1 and TPIT lineages. Immunoreactivity consistent with TrkAIII activation characterized PitNET expressing TrkAIII mRNA, and invasive Pit1 PitNETs exhibited elevated HIF2α expression. TrkAIII splicing did not associate with SF3B1 mutations, altered SF3B1, SRSF2, and U2AF1 or JCPyV large T antigen expression, or Xbp1 splicing. Therefore, TrkAIII splicing is common in PitNETs, is elevated in invasive, especially PIT1 tumors, can result in intracellular TrkAIII activation, and may involve hypoxia. The data support a role for TrkAIII splicing in PitNET pathogenesis and progression and identify TrkAIII as a novel potential target in refractory PitNETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Sbaffone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marie-Lise Jaffrain-Rea
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Neuromed, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Lucia Cappabianca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Carbonara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Gianno
- Neuromed, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Feola
- Neuromed, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Ruggieri
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Guadagni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Clementi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonietta Arcella
- Neuromed, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- Neuromed, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Carozza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilaria Martelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pérez Millán MI, Cheung LYM, Mercogliano F, Camilletti MA, Chirino Felker GT, Moro LN, Miriuka S, Brinkmeier ML, Camper SA. Pituitary stem cells: past, present and future perspectives. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:77-92. [PMID: 38102391 PMCID: PMC10964491 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary cells that express the transcription factor SOX2 are stem cells because they can self-renew and differentiate into multiple pituitary hormone-producing cell types as organoids. Wounding and physiological challenges can activate pituitary stem cells, but cell numbers are not fully restored, and the ability to mobilize stem cells decreases with increasing age. The basis of these limitations is still unknown. The regulation of stem cell quiescence and activation involves many different signalling pathways, including those mediated by WNT, Hippo and several cytokines; more research is needed to understand the interactions between these pathways. Pituitary organoids can be formed from human or mouse embryonic stem cells, or from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Human pituitary organoid transplantation is sufficient to induce corticosterone release in hypophysectomized mice, raising the possibility of therapeutic applications. Today, pituitary organoids have the potential to assess the role of individual genes and genetic variants on hormone production ex vivo, providing an important tool for the advancement of exciting frontiers in pituitary stem cell biology and pituitary organogenesis. In this article, we provide an overview of notable discoveries in pituitary stem cell function and highlight important areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Pérez Millán
- Institute of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Translational Biology (IB3-UBA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonard Y M Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Florencia Mercogliano
- Institute of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Translational Biology (IB3-UBA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Andrea Camilletti
- Institute of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Translational Biology (IB3-UBA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo T Chirino Felker
- Laboratory of Applied Research of Neurosciences (LIAN-CONICET), FLENI Sede Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia N Moro
- Laboratory of Applied Research of Neurosciences (LIAN-CONICET), FLENI Sede Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Miriuka
- Laboratory of Applied Research of Neurosciences (LIAN-CONICET), FLENI Sede Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michelle L Brinkmeier
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sally A Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kato Y, Yoshida S, Kato T. Missing pieces of the pituitary puzzle: participation of extra-adenohypophyseal placode-lineage cells in the adult pituitary gland. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:487-496. [PMID: 37650920 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary gland is a major endocrine tissue composing of two distinct entities, the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary, cranial placode origin) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary, neural ectoderm origin), and plays important roles in maintaining vital homeostasis. This tissue is maintained by a slow, consistent cell-renewal system of adult stem/progenitor cells. Recent accumulating evidence shows that neural crest-, head mesenchyme-, and endoderm lineage cells invade during pituitary development and contribute to the maintenance of the adult pituitary gland. Based on these novel observations, this article discusses whether these lineage cells are involved in pituitary organogenesis, maintenance, regeneration, dysplasia, or tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kato
- Institute for Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute for Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caspar KR, Hüttner L, Begall S. Scleral appearance is not a correlate of domestication in mammals. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2023; 9:12. [PMID: 37248525 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-023-00210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Numerous hypotheses try to explain the unusual appearance of the human eye with its bright sclera and transparent conjunctiva and how it could have evolved from a dark-eyed phenotype, as is present in many non-human primates. Recently, it has been argued that pigmentation defects induced by self-domestication may have led to bright-eyed ocular phenotypes in humans and some other primate lineages, such as marmosets. However, it has never been systematically studied whether actual domesticated mammals consistently deviate from wild mammals in regard to their conjunctival pigmentation and if this trait might therefore be part of a domestication syndrome. Here, we test this idea by drawing phylogenetically informed comparisons from a photographic dataset spanning 13 domesticated mammal species and their closest living wild relatives (n ≥ 15 photos per taxon). We did not recover significant differences in scleral appearance or irido-scleral contrast between domesticated and wild forms, suggesting that conjunctival depigmentation, unlike cutaneous pigmentation disorders, is not a general correlate of domestication. Regardless of their domestication status, macroscopically depigmented conjunctivae were observed in carnivorans and lagomorphs, whereas ungulates generally displayed darker eyes. For some taxa, we observed pronounced intraspecific variation, which should be addressed in more exhaustive future studies. Based on our dataset, we also present preliminary evidence for a general increase of conjunctival pigmentation with eye size in mammals. Our findings suggest that conjunctival depigmentation in humans is not a byproduct of self-domestication, even if we assume that our species has undergone such a process in its recent evolutionary history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai R Caspar
- Institute of Cell Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of General Zoology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Lisa Hüttner
- Department of General Zoology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Begall
- Department of General Zoology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ueharu H, Mishina Y. BMP signaling during craniofacial development: new insights into pathological mechanisms leading to craniofacial anomalies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1170511. [PMID: 37275223 PMCID: PMC10232782 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1170511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) are the origin of the anterior part of the face and the head. Cranial NCCs are multipotent cells giving rise to bones, cartilage, adipose-tissues in the face, and neural cells, melanocytes, and others. The behavior of cranial NCCs (proliferation, cell death, migration, differentiation, and cell fate specification) are well regulated by several signaling pathways; abnormalities in their behavior are often reported as causative reasons for craniofacial anomalies (CFAs), which occur in 1 in 100 newborns in the United States. Understanding the pathological mechanisms of CFAs would facilitate strategies for identifying, preventing, and treating CFAs. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a pleiotropic role in many cellular processes during embryonic development. We and others have reported that abnormalities in BMP signaling in cranial NCCs develop CFAs in mice. Abnormal levels of BMP signaling cause miscorrelation with other signaling pathways such as Wnt signaling and FGF signaling, which mutations in the signaling pathways are known to develop CFAs in mice and humans. Recent Genome-Wide Association Studies and exome sequencing demonstrated that some patients with CFAs presented single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), missense mutations, and duplication of genes related to BMP signaling activities, suggesting that defects in abnormal BMP signaling in human embryos develop CFAs. There are still a few cases of BMP-related patients with CFAs. One speculation is that human embryos with mutations in coding regions of BMP-related genes undergo embryonic lethality before developing the craniofacial region as well as mice development; however, no reports are available that show embryonic lethality caused by BMP mutations in humans. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in the understanding of BMP signaling during craniofacial development in mice and describe how we can translate the knowledge from the transgenic mice to CFAs in humans.
Collapse
|
8
|
Koontz A, Urrutia HA, Bronner ME. Making a head: Neural crest and ectodermal placodes in cranial sensory development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 138:15-27. [PMID: 35760729 PMCID: PMC10224775 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
During development of the vertebrate sensory system, many important components like the sense organs and cranial sensory ganglia arise within the head and neck. Two progenitor populations, the neural crest, and cranial ectodermal placodes, contribute to these developing vertebrate peripheral sensory structures. The interactions and contributions of these cell populations to the development of the lens, olfactory, otic, pituitary gland, and cranial ganglia are vital for appropriate peripheral nervous system development. Here, we review the origins of both neural crest and placode cells at the neural plate border of the early vertebrate embryo and investigate the molecular and environmental signals that influence specification of different sensory regions. Finally, we discuss the underlying molecular pathways contributing to the complex vertebrate sensory system from an evolutionary perspective, from basal vertebrates to amniotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Koontz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Hugo A Urrutia
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gleeson BT, Wilson LAB. Shared reproductive disruption, not neural crest or tameness, explains the domestication syndrome. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222464. [PMID: 36946116 PMCID: PMC10031412 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered neural crest cell (NCC) behaviour is an increasingly cited explanation for the domestication syndrome in animals. However, recent authors have questioned this explanation, while others cast doubt on whether domestication syndrome even exists. Here, we review published literature concerning this syndrome and the NCC hypothesis, together with recent critiques of both. We synthesize these contributions and propose a novel interpretation, arguing shared trait changes under ancient domestication resulted primarily from shared disruption of wild reproductive regimes. We detail four primary selective pathways for 'reproductive disruption' under domestication and contrast these succinct and demonstrable mechanisms with cryptic genetic associations posited by the NCC hypothesis. In support of our perspective, we illustrate numerous important ways in which NCCs contribute to vertebrate reproductive phenotypes, and argue it is not surprising that features derived from these cells would be coincidentally altered under major selective regime changes, as occur in domestication. We then illustrate several pertinent examples of Darwin's 'unconscious selection' in action, and compare applied selection and phenotypic responses in each case. Lastly, we explore the ramifications of reproductive disruption for wider evolutionary discourse, including links to wild 'self-domestication' and 'island effect', and discuss outstanding questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Thomas Gleeson
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Laura A. B. Wilson
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Horiguchi K, Fujiwara K, Tsukada T, Nakakura T, Yoshida S, Hasegawa R, Takigami S. Differentiation of stem progenitor CD9/SOX2-positive cells is promoted with increased prolactin-producing and endothelial cells in the pituitary. J Reprod Dev 2022; 68:278-286. [PMID: 35691820 PMCID: PMC9334323 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2022-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)-positive cells are stem/progenitor cells in the adenohypophysis, comprising the anterior and intermediate lobes (AL and IL, respectively). The cells
are located in the marginal cell layer (MCL) facing Rathke’s cleft (primary niche) and the parenchyma of the AL (secondary niche). We previously demonstrated in vitro that
the tetraspanin superfamily CD9 and SOX2 double-positive (CD9/SOX2-positive) cells in the IL-side MCL migrate to the AL side and differentiate into hormone-producing and endothelial cells in
the AL parenchyma. Here, we performed in vivo studies to evaluate the role of IL-side CD9/SOX2-positive cells in pregnancy, lactation, and treatment with diethylstilbestrol
(DES; an estrogen analog) when an increased population of prolactin (PRL) cells was observed in the AL of the rat pituitary. The proportions of CD9/SOX2-, CD9/Ki67-, and PRL/TUNEL-positive
cells decreased in the primary and secondary niches during pregnancy and DES treatment. In contrast, the number of CD9/PRL-positive cells increased in the AL-side MCL and AL parenchyma
during pregnancy and during DES treatment. The proportion of PRL/Ki67-positive cells increased in the AL-side MCL and AL parenchyma in response to DES treatment. Next, we isolated
CD9-positive cells from the IL-side MCL using an anti-CD9 antibody. During cell culture, the cells formed free-floating three-dimensional clusters (pituispheres). Furthermore, CD9-positive
cells in the pituisphere differentiated into PRL cells, and their differentiation potential was promoted by DES. These findings suggest that CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the IL-side MCL may
act as adult stem cells in the AL parenchyma that supply PRL cells under the influence of estrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Horiguchi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Ken Fujiwara
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tsukada
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakakura
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Rumi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shu Takigami
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Has a Wide Spectrum of Growth Hormone Excess. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082168. [PMID: 35456261 PMCID: PMC9029762 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overgrowth due to growth hormone (GH) excess affects approximately 10% of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and optic pathway glioma (OPG). Our aim is to describe the clinical, biochemical, pathological, and genetic features of GH excess in a retrospective case series of 10 children and adults with NF1 referred to a tertiary care clinical research center. Six children (median age = 4 years, range of 3−5 years), one 14-year-old adolescent, and three adults (median age = 42 years, range of 29−52 years) were diagnosed with NF1 and GH excess. GH excess was confirmed by the failure to suppress GH (<1 ng/mL) on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, n = 9) and frequent overnight sampling of GH levels (n = 6). Genetic testing was ascertained through targeted or whole-exome sequencing (n = 9). Five patients (all children) had an OPG without any pituitary abnormality, three patients (one adolescent and two adults) had a pituitary lesion (two tumors, one suggestive hyperplasia) without an OPG, and two patients (one child and one adult) had a pituitary lesion (a pituitary tumor and suggestive hyperplasia, respectively) with a concomitant OPG. The serial overnight sampling of GH levels in six patients revealed abnormal overnight GH profiling. Two adult patients had a voluminous pituitary gland on pituitary imaging. One pituitary tumor from an adolescent patient who harbored a germline heterozygous p.Gln514Pro NF1 variant stained positive for GH and prolactin. One child who harbored a heterozygous truncating variant in exon 46 of NF1 had an OPG that, when compared to normal optic nerves, stained strongly for GPR101, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor causing GH excess in X-linked acrogigantism. We describe a series of patients with GH excess and NF1. Our findings show the variability in patterns of serial overnight GH secretion, somatotroph tumor or hyperplasia in some cases of NF1 and GH excess. Further studies are required to ascertain the link between NF1, GH excess and GPR101, which may aid in the characterization of the molecular underpinning of GH excess in NF1.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kato Y, Yoshida S, Kato T. New insights into the role and origin of pituitary S100β-positive cells. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:227-237. [PMID: 34550453 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the anterior pituitary, S100β protein (S100β) has been assumed to be a marker of folliculo-stellate cells, which are one of the non-hormone-producing cells existing in the parenchyma of the adult anterior lobe and are composed of subpopulations with various functions. However, recent accumulating studies on S100β-positive cells, including non-folliculo-stellate cells lining the marginal cell layer (MCL), have shown the novel aspect that most S100β-positive cells in the MCL and parenchyma of the adult anterior lobe are positive for sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), a marker of pituitary stem/progenitor cells. From the viewpoint of SOX2-positive cells, the majority of these cells in the MCL and in the parenchyma are positive for S100β, suggesting that S100β plays a role in the large population of stem/progenitor cells in the anterior lobe of the adult pituitary. Reportedly, S100β/SOX2-double positive cells are able to differentiate into hormone-producing cells and various types of non-hormone-producing cells. Intriguingly, it has been demonstrated that extra-pituitary lineage cells invade the pituitary gland during prenatal pituitary organogenesis. Among them, two S100β-positive populations have been identified: one is SOX2-positive population which invades at the late embryonic period through the pituitary stalk and another is a SOX2-negative population that invades at the middle embryonic period through Atwell's recess. These two populations are likely the substantive origin of S100β-positive cells in the postnatal anterior pituitary, while S100β-positive cells emerging from oral ectoderm-derived cells remain unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kato
- Institute for Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute for Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Etchevers HC. Pericyte Ontogeny: The Use of Chimeras to Track a Cell Lineage of Diverse Germ Line Origins. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2235:61-87. [PMID: 33576971 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1056-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of lineage tracing is to understand body formation over time by discovering which cells are the progeny of a specific, identified, ancestral progenitor. Subsidiary questions include unequivocal identification of what they have become, how many descendants develop, whether they live or die, and where they are located in the tissue or body at the end of the window examined. A classical approach in experimental embryology, lineage tracing continues to be used in developmental biology and stem cell and cancer research, wherever cellular potential and behavior need to be studied in multiple dimensions, of which one is time. Each technical approach has its advantages and drawbacks. This chapter, with some previously unpublished data, will concentrate nonexclusively on the use of interspecies chimeras to explore the origins of perivascular (or mural) cells, of which those adjacent to the vascular endothelium are termed pericytes for this purpose. These studies laid the groundwork for our understanding that pericytes derive from progenitor mesenchymal pools of multiple origins in the vertebrate embryo, some of which persist into adulthood. The results obtained through xenografting, like in the methodology described here, complement those obtained through genetic lineage-tracing techniques within a given species.
Collapse
|
14
|
Perera SN, Kerosuo L. On the road again: Establishment and maintenance of stemness in the neural crest from embryo to adulthood. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2020; 39:7-25. [PMID: 33017496 PMCID: PMC7821161 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unique to vertebrates, the neural crest (NC) is an embryonic stem cell population that contributes to a greatly expanding list of derivatives ranging from neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, facial cartilage and bone, pigment cells of the skin to secretory cells of the endocrine system. Here, we focus on what is specifically known about establishment and maintenance of NC stemness and ultimate fate commitment mechanisms, which could help explain its exceptionally high stem cell potential that exceeds the "rules set during gastrulation." In fact, recent discoveries have shed light on the existence of NC cells that coexpress commonly accepted pluripotency factors like Nanog, Oct4/PouV, and Klf4. The coexpression of pluripotency factors together with the exceptional array of diverse NC derivatives encouraged us to propose a new term "pleistopotent" (Greek for abundant, a substantial amount) to be used to reflect the uniqueness of the NC as compared to other post-gastrulation stem cell populations in the vertebrate body, and to differentiate them from multipotent lineage restricted stem cells. We also discuss studies related to the maintenance of NC stemness within the challenging context of being a transient and thus a constantly changing population of stem cells without a permanent niche. The discovery of the stem cell potential of Schwann cell precursors as well as multiple adult NC-derived stem cell reservoirs during the past decade has greatly increased our understanding of how NC cells contribute to tissues formed after its initial migration stage in young embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surangi N Perera
- Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura Kerosuo
- Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sakata K, Fujimori K, Komaki S, Furuta T, Sugita Y, Ashida K, Nomura M, Morioka M. Pituitary Gangliocytoma Producing TSH and TRH: A Review of "Gangliocytomas of the Sellar Region". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5876003. [PMID: 32706866 PMCID: PMC7451506 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pituitary gangliocytomas (GCs) are rare neuronal tumors that present with endocrinological disorders, such as acromegaly, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, and Cushing's disease. Most pituitary GCs coexist with pituitary adenomas pathologically and are diagnosed as mixed gangliocytoma-adenomas. Herein, we report a case of 45-year-old man who presented with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (SITSH) and discuss the pathogenesis of pituitary GCs. METHODS Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging showed an 8-mm homogeneous and poorly enhanced mass inside the pituitary gland. Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery was performed under a preoperative diagnosis of thyrotroph adenoma. However, the tumor was finally diagnosed as gangliocytoma without an adenomatous component. The tumor was further analyzed via immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Additionally, we searched MEDLINE and PubMed for previously published cases of isolated pituitary GCs and analyzed the reported clinicopathological findings. RESULTS The patient showed complete clinical and endocrinological recovery after an operation. The tumor was positive for thyrotropin (TSH), TSH-releasing hormone (TRH), Pit-1, GATA-2, and most neuronal markers. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of intracytoplasmic secretory granules and neuronal processes. Co-secreting hypothalamic and pituitary hormone inside the tumor indicated autocrine/paracrine endocrinological stimulation. CONCLUSION Herein, we report a case of SITSH caused by an isolated pituitary gangliocytoma, expressing both TSH and TRH, which, to our best knowledge, is the first reported case of such a condition. The multidirectional differentiation and multihormonal endocrine characteristics of these tumors indicate that they are a member of neuroendocrine neoplasms, further supporting that they are derived from neural crest cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Sakata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Kiyohiko Sakata, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan. E-mail: .
| | - Kana Fujimori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Komaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sugita
- Department of Neuropathology, Neurology Center, St. Mary’s Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ashida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gleeson BT. Masculinity and the Mechanisms of Human Self-Domestication. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-019-00126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
17
|
Cerrizuela S, Vega-Lopez GA, Aybar MJ. The role of teratogens in neural crest development. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:584-632. [PMID: 31926062 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC), discovered by Wilhelm His 150 years ago, gives rise to a multipotent migratory embryonic cell population that generates a remarkably diverse and important array of cell types during the development of the vertebrate embryo. These cells originate in the neural plate border (NPB), which is the ectoderm between the neural plate and the epidermis. They give rise to the neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies are a class of congenital diseases resulting from the abnormal induction, specification, migration, differentiation or death of NC cells (NCCs) during embryonic development and have an important medical and societal impact. In general, congenital defects affect an appreciable percentage of newborns worldwide. Some of these defects are caused by teratogens, which are agents that negatively impact the formation of tissues and organs during development. In this review, we will discuss the teratogens linked to the development of many birth defects, with a strong focus on those that specifically affect the development of the NC, thereby producing neurocristopathies. Although increasing attention is being paid to the effect of teratogens on embryonic development in general, there is a strong need to critically evaluate the specific role of these agents in NC development. Therefore, increased understanding of the role of these factors in NC development will contribute to the planning of strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of human neurocristopathies, whose etiology was previously not considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Vega-Lopez
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tsukada T, Isowa Y, Kito K, Yoshida S, Toneri S, Horiguchi K, Fujiwara K, Yashiro T, Kato T, Kato Y. Identification of TGFβ-induced proteins in non-endocrine mouse pituitary cell line TtT/GF by SILAC-assisted quantitative mass spectrometry. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 376:281-293. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-02989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
19
|
Neurocristopathies: New insights 150 years after the neural crest discovery. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S110-S143. [PMID: 29802835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent and migratory cell population that generates an astonishingly diverse array of cell types during vertebrate development. These cells, which originate from the ectoderm in a region lateral to the neural plate in the neural fold, give rise to neurons, glia, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies (NCP) are a class of pathologies occurring in vertebrates, especially in humans that result from the abnormal specification, migration, differentiation or death of neural crest cells during embryonic development. Various pigment, skin, thyroid and hearing disorders, craniofacial and heart abnormalities, malfunctions of the digestive tract and tumors can also be considered as neurocristopathies. In this review we revisit the current classification and propose a new way to classify NCP based on the embryonic origin of the affected tissues, on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms that drive NC formation, and on the increased complexity of current molecular embryology techniques.
Collapse
|
20
|
Debbache J, Parfejevs V, Sommer L. Cre-driver lines used for genetic fate mapping of neural crest cells in the mouse: An overview. Genesis 2018; 56:e23105. [PMID: 29673028 PMCID: PMC6099459 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The neural crest is one of the embryonic structures with the broadest developmental potential in vertebrates. Morphologically, neural crest cells emerge during neurulation in the dorsal folds of the neural tube before undergoing an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), delaminating from the neural tube, and migrating to multiple sites in the growing embryo. Neural crest cells generate cell types as diverse as peripheral neurons and glia, melanocytes, and so‐called mesectodermal derivatives that include craniofacial bone and cartilage and smooth muscle cells in cardiovascular structures. In mice, the fate of neural crest cells has been determined mainly by means of transgenesis and genome editing technologies. The most frequently used method relies on the Cre‐loxP system, in which expression of Cre‐recombinase in neural crest cells or their derivatives genetically enables the expression of a Cre‐reporter allele, thus permanently marking neural crest‐derived cells. Here, we provide an overview of the Cre‐driver lines used in the field and discuss to what extent these lines allow precise neural crest stage and lineage‐specific fate mapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Debbache
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Vadims Parfejevs
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Sommer
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Thomas AC, Heux P, Santos C, Arulvasan W, Solanky N, Carey ME, Gerrelli D, Kinsler VA, Etchevers HC. Widespread dynamic and pleiotropic expression of the melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) system is conserved across chick, mouse and human embryonic development. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:443-455. [PMID: 29316344 PMCID: PMC6446732 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background MC1R, a G‐protein coupled receptor with high affinity for alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH), modulates pigment production in melanocytes from many species and is associated with human melanoma risk. MC1R mutations affecting human skin and hair color also have pleiotropic effects on the immune response and analgesia. Variants affecting human pigmentation in utero alter the congenital phenotype of both oculocutaneous albinism and congenital melanocytic naevi, and have a possible effect on birthweight. Methods and Results By in situ hybridization, RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry, we show that MC1R is widely expressed during human, chick and mouse embryonic and fetal stages in many somatic tissues, particularly in the musculoskeletal and nervous systems, and conserved across evolution in these three amniotes. Its dynamic pattern differs from that of TUBB3, a gene overlapping the same locus in humans and encoding class III β‐tubulin. The αMSH peptide and the transcript for its precursor, pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC), are similarly present in numerous extra‐cutaneous tissues. MC1R genotyping of variants p.(V60M) and p.(R151C) was undertaken for 867 healthy children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parent and Children (ALSPAC) cohort, and birthweight modeled using multiple logistic regression analysis. A significant positive association initially found between R151C and birth weight, independent of known birth weight modifiers, was not reproduced when combined with data from an independent genome‐wide association study of 6,459 additional members of the same cohort. Conclusions These data clearly show a new and hitherto unsuspected role for MC1R in noncutaneous solid tissues before birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Thomas
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Heux
- GMGF, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, UMR_S910, Marseille, France
| | - Chloe Santos
- Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wisenave Arulvasan
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nita Solanky
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magalie E Carey
- GMGF, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, UMR_S910, Marseille, France
| | - Dianne Gerrelli
- Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica A Kinsler
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tsukada T, Yoshida S, Kito K, Fujiwara K, Yako H, Horiguchi K, Isowa Y, Yashiro T, Kato T, Kato Y. TGFβ signaling reinforces pericyte properties of the non-endocrine mouse pituitary cell line TtT/GF. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:339-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
23
|
Ueharu H, Yoshida S, Kanno N, Horiguchi K, Nishimura N, Kato T, Kato Y. SOX10-positive cells emerge in the rat pituitary gland during late embryogenesis and start to express S100β. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 372:77-90. [PMID: 29130118 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the pituitary gland, S100β-positive cells localize in the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis but the lineage of the two groups remains obscure. S100β is often observed in many neural crest-derived cell types. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the origin of pituitary S100β-positive cells by immunohistochemistry for SOX10, a potent neural crest cell marker, using S100β-green fluorescence protein-transgenic rats. On embryonic day 21.5, a SOX10-positive cell population, which was also positive for the stem/progenitor cell marker SOX2, emerged in the pituitary stalk and posterior lobe and subsequently expanded to create a rostral-caudal gradient on postnatal day 3 (P3). Thereafter, SOX10-positive cells appeared in the intermediate lobe by P15, localizing to the boundary facing the posterior lobe, the gap between the lobule structures and the marginal cell layer, a pituitary stem/progenitor cell niche. Subsequently, there was an increase in SOX10/S100β double-positive cells; some of these cells in the gap between the lobule structures showed extended cytoplasm containing F-actin, indicating a feature of migration activity. The proportion of SOX10-positive cells in the postnatal anterior lobe was lower than 0.025% but about half of them co-localized with the pituitary-specific progenitor cell marker PROP1. Collectively, the present study identified that one of the lineages of S100β-positive cells is a SOX10-positive one and that SOX10-positive cells express pituitary stem/progenitor cell marker genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ueharu
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Naoko Kanno
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kotaro Horiguchi
- Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.,Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Naoto Nishimura
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan. .,Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan. .,Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zurkirchen L, Sommer L. Quo vadis: tracing the fate of neural crest cells. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 47:16-23. [PMID: 28753439 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is a transient structure in vertebrate embryos that produces migratory cells with an astonishing developmental potential. While neural crest fate maps have originally been established through interspecies transplantation assays, dye labeling, and retroviral infection, more recent methods rely on approaches involving transgenesis and genome editing. These technologies allowed the identification of minor neural crest-derived cell populations in tissues of non-neural crest origin. Furthermore, in vivo multipotency at the single cell level and stage-dependent fate acquisitions were demonstrated using genetic technologies. Finally, recent reports indicate that neural crest-derived cells become activated in response to injury to secrete factors supporting tissue repair. Thus, neural crest-derived cells apparently contribute to tissue formation and regeneration by cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zurkirchen
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Sommer
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Clump formation in mouse pituitary-derived non-endocrine cell line Tpit/F1 promotes differentiation into growth-hormone-producing cells. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:353-368. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|