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Ay T, Akdag UB, Kilincli MF, Ogut E, Barut C. Anatomical variations of foramen of the diaphragma sellae and neighboring structures: a cadaveric study. Anat Sci Int 2024; 99:75-89. [PMID: 37500986 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to examine the variations and types of foramen of diaphragma sellae (FDS) and their relationship with nearby surgical landmarks on cadavers.Twenty adult (9 male, 11 female) formalin-fixed cadaveric heads were bilaterally used to analyze the anatomical relationships around the supradiaphragmatic region of sella turcica. Lengths and distances of nearby surgical landmarks were measured by a digital microcaliper. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the comparison between genders and body sides. Dorsum sellae distances to tuberculum sellae and the optic chiasm(OC) were higher in males than females (p < 0.05). Type 8 infundibulum passage was the most common variation with 50%. There was no finding related to types 1-4 of infundibulum passage. Thus, the present study has indicated that the infundibulum passes mostly from the posterior half of the foramen. The shape of the foramen was irregular in 45%, circular in 20%, sagittally oval in 20%, and horizontally oval in 15% of the cases. The OC was noted normal in 60%, prefixed in 35%, and postfixed in 5% of the cases. Comprehensive anatomical knowledge about the types of the FDS and their neighboring structures is crucial for preoperative planning of sellar region diseases in terms of navigating the region when accessing the foramen. Discrimination of variations of FDS, OC, and pituitary stalk, their relationships, and differences between genders is useful to minimize potential surgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Ay
- School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Eren Ogut
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Barut
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34715, Istanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Fakir S, Barabutis N. Growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists counteract interferon-γ - induced barrier dysfunction in bovine and human endothelial cells. Cytokine 2024; 173:156416. [PMID: 37952313 PMCID: PMC10842054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
GHRH regulates the secretion of GH from the anterior pituitary gland. An emerging body of evidence suggests that the activities of that neuropeptide are not limited to the GH/IGF-I axis, but they expand towards the mediation of inflammatory processes. GHRHAnt were developed to oppose the activities of GHRH in malignancies, and have been associated with strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in a diverse variety of tissues, including the lungs. In the present study we report that GHRHAnt oppose interferon-γ - induced paracellular hyperpermeability and reactive oxygen species generation in bovine and human pulmonary endothelial cells; and suppress interferon-γ - triggered STAT3, cofilin and ERK1/2 activation. Our observations substantiate previous findings on the protective effects of GHRHAnt in endothelial inflammation and barrier break-down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Fakir
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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3
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Kato Y, Yoshida S, Kato T. Missing pieces of the pituitary puzzle: participation of extra-adenohypophyseal placode-lineage cells in the adult pituitary gland. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:487-496. [PMID: 37650920 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary gland is a major endocrine tissue composing of two distinct entities, the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary, cranial placode origin) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary, neural ectoderm origin), and plays important roles in maintaining vital homeostasis. This tissue is maintained by a slow, consistent cell-renewal system of adult stem/progenitor cells. Recent accumulating evidence shows that neural crest-, head mesenchyme-, and endoderm lineage cells invade during pituitary development and contribute to the maintenance of the adult pituitary gland. Based on these novel observations, this article discusses whether these lineage cells are involved in pituitary organogenesis, maintenance, regeneration, dysplasia, or tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kato
- Institute for Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute for Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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4
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Dai J, Chen J, Xu X, Gao N, Wang Y. A case report of dangerous pelvic infundibulum ligament in the second trimester of pregnancy with massive hemorrhage. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35230. [PMID: 37747006 PMCID: PMC10519526 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Abdominal pregnancy is a rare ectopic pregnancy and its diagnosis and treatment are more challenging than those of other ectopic pregnancies. Because of a variable pregnancy site, abdominal pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of fatal abdominal hemorrhage, and consequently, an increased risk of maternal death compared with intrauterine pregnancy. DIAGNOSES Pelvic infundibulum ligament pregnancy complicated with massive hemorrhage. PATIENT CONCERNS 42-year-old pregnant woman who did not undergo an obstetric examination during the first trimester presented with sudden abdominal pain during the second trimester. Abdominal pregnancy was confirmed after emergency treatment, causing difficulty in the comprehensive preoperative evaluation.Interventions: In order to save the patient life, we actively carried out surgical treatment. OUTCOMES The patient recovered well after the operation and was discharged on the 11th postoperative day. Blood β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels and routine blood test results were normal 1 month after the surgery, and the patient had recovered. LESSONS Several challenges are encountered in the diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy with regard to insufficient economic, cultural, and medical resources. In case of ectopic pregnancies, surgery should be the first choice of treatment, and preparations of blood transfusion are essential to combat the risk of rapid hemorrhagic shock caused by placenta implantation in the infundibulum ligament of the pelvis. The operation must be performed by experienced obstetricians and gynecologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Dai
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Program for Scientific Research Innovation Team in Precision Medicine of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ni Gao
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Program for Scientific Research Innovation Team in Precision Medicine of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong China
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5
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Götz V, Qiao S, Das D, Wartenberg P, Wyatt A, Wahl V, Gamayun I, Alasmi S, Fecher-Trost C, Meyer MR, Rad R, Kaltenbacher T, Kattler K, Lipp P, Becherer U, Mollard P, Candlish M, Boehm U. Ovulation is triggered by a cyclical modulation of gonadotropes into a hyperexcitable state. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112543. [PMID: 37224016 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary gland are essential for fertility and provide a functional link between the brain and the gonads. To trigger ovulation, gonadotrope cells release massive amounts of luteinizing hormone (LH). The mechanism underlying this remains unclear. Here, we utilize a mouse model expressing a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator exclusively in gonadotropes to dissect this mechanism in intact pituitaries. We demonstrate that female gonadotropes exclusively exhibit a state of hyperexcitability during the LH surge, resulting in spontaneous [Ca2+]i transients in these cells, which persist in the absence of any in vivo hormonal signals. L-type Ca2+ channels and transient receptor potential channel A1 (TRPA1) together with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels ensure this state of hyperexcitability. Consistent with this, virus-assisted triple knockout of Trpa1 and L-type Ca2+ subunits in gonadotropes leads to vaginal closure in cycling females. Our data provide insight into molecular mechanisms required for ovulation and reproductive success in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Götz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Sen Qiao
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Debajyoti Das
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Philipp Wartenberg
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Vanessa Wahl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Igor Gamayun
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Samer Alasmi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kaltenbacher
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kattler
- Department of Genetics and Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Peter Lipp
- Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Ute Becherer
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Patrice Mollard
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Michael Candlish
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany.
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6
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Martínez de la Escalera G, Macotela Y, Clapp C. A New Experimental Tool Toward Understanding the Regulation of Human Prolactin Secretion and Functions. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6539259. [PMID: 35225324 PMCID: PMC8920345 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM–Juriquilla, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, QRO, 76230,Mexico
| | - Yazmin Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM–Juriquilla, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, QRO, 76230,Mexico
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM–Juriquilla, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, QRO, 76230,Mexico
- Correspondence: Carmen Clapp, PhD, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, QRO, 76230, Mexico.
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Wen-Lu W, Fen-Fan X, You-Yu G, Lin-Wu G. Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome in a 54-year Adult Male. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2022; 32:389-391. [PMID: 35148598 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2022.03.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare disease with isolated growth hormone deficiency or multiple anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies; and is characterised by a thin or absent pituitary stalk, hypoplasia of the adenohypophysis, and ectopic neurohypophysis. The literature have reported primarily on cases of infants and young people, and there are few reports in adults. A case is presented here of a 54-year male, who reported dizziness accompanied by fatigue and anorexia for more than 20 days; and the results from the blood tests showed a general decline in growth hormone, thyrotropin, and sex hormone levels. On the basis of the medical history, laboratory and imaging examination, a diagnosis of PSIS was made. After treatment, the patient's condition as well as laboratory results returned to normal. In summary, PSIS can also occur in adults. In the suspected cases, magnetic resonance imaging should be done in time to diagnose and manage it appropriately early in the course of the disease. Key Words: Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome, Pituitary hormone deficiency, Adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen-Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Fen-Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo You-Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo Lin-Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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8
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On JSW, Su L, Shen H, Arokiaraj AWR, Cardoso JCR, Li G, Chow BKC. PACAP/GCGa Is an Important Modulator of the Amphioxus CNS-Hatschek's Pit Axis, the Homolog of the Vertebrate Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis in the Basal Chordates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:850040. [PMID: 35498398 PMCID: PMC9049855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.850040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hatschek's pit in the cephalochordate amphioxus, an invertebrate deuterostome basal to chordates is suggested to be the functional homolog structure of the vertebrate adenohypophysis based on anatomy and expression of homologous neuroendocrine genes. However, the endocrine potential of the cephalochordate Hatschek's pit remains to be demonstrated as well as the physiological actions of the secreted neuropeptides. In this study, we have explored the distribution and characterize the potential function of the amphioxus PACAP/GCG precursor, which is the ortholog of the hypothalamic PACAP neuropeptide in vertebrates. In amphioxi, two PACAP/GCG transcripts PACAP/GCGa and PACAP/GCGbc that are alternative isoforms of a single gene with different peptide coding potentials were isolated. Immunofluorescence staining detected their expression around the nucleus of Rohde, supporting that this structure may be homologous of the neurosecretory cells of the vertebrate hypothalamus where abundant PACAP is found. PACAP/GCGa was also detected in the infundibulum-like downgrowth approaching the Hatschek's pit, indicating diffusion of PACAP/GCGa from the CNS to the pit via the infundibulum-like downgrowth. Under a high salinity challenge, PACAP/GCGa was upregulated in amphioxi head and PACAP/GCGa treatment increased expression of GHl in Hatschek's pit in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PACAP/GCGa may be involved in the regulation of GHl via hypothalamic-pituitary (HP)-like axis similar as in the vertebrates. Our results support that the amphioxus Hatschek's pit is likely to be the functional homolog of pituitary gland in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. W. On
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liuru Su
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong Shen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - João C. R. Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Billy K. C. Chow, ; Guang Li,
| | - Billy K. C. Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Billy K. C. Chow, ; Guang Li,
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9
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Abstract
Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 (Rasd1) is a member of the Ras superfamily of monomeric G proteins that have a regulatory function in signal transduction. Rasd1, also known as Dexras1 or AGS1, is rapidly induced by dexamethasone (Dex). While prior data indicates that Rasd1 is highly expressed in the pituitary and that the gene may function in regulation of corticotroph activity, its exact cellular localization in this tissue has not been delineated. Nor has it been determined which endocrine pituitary cell type(s) are responsive to Dex-induced expression of Rasd1. We hypothesized that Rasd1 is primarily localized in corticotrophs and furthermore, that its expression in these cells would be upregulated in response to exogenous Dex administration. Rasd1 expression in each pituitary cell type both under basal conditions and 1-hour post Dex treatment were examined in adult male mice. While a proportion of all endocrine pituitary cell types expressed Rasd1, a majority of corticotrophs and thyrotrophs expressed Rasd1 under basal condition. In vehicle treated animals, approximately 50-60% of corticotrophs and thyrotrophs cells expressed Rasd1 while the gene was detected in only 15-30% of lactotrophs, somatotrophs, and gonadotrophs. In Dex treated animals, Rasd1 expression was significantly increased in corticotrophs, somatotrophs, lactotrophs, and gonadotrophs but not thyrotrophs. In Dex treated animals, Rasd1 was detected in 80-95% of gonadotrophs and corticotrophs. In contrast, Dex treatment increased Rasd1 expression to a lesser extent (55-60%) in somatotrophs and lactotrophs. Corticotrophs of the pars intermedia, which lack glucocorticoid receptors, failed to display increased Rasd1 expression in Dex treated animals. Rasd1 is highly expressed in corticotrophs under basal conditions and is further increased after Dex treatment, further supporting its role in glucocorticoid negative feedback. In addition, the presence and Dex-induced expression of Rasd1 in endocrine pituitary cell types, other than corticotrophs, may implicate Rasd1 in novel pituitary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Foradori
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Laci Mackay
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chen-Che J Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Robert J Kemppainen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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10
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Abstract
The adenohypophysis has a large intrasellar part and two small parts at the pituitary stalk and the pharynx. Near this extrasellar pituitary tissue, and also in sinus sphenoidalis and sinus cavernosus, ectopic pituitary adenomas can develop. They are indistinguishable in structure and function from usual intrasellar adenomas. The neurohypophysis can show dystopias within complex malformations. In so-called pituitary stalk interruption syndrome, a real ectopia of the neurohypophysis is found at the eminentia mediana of the hypothalamus. Ectopic tissue in the pituitary is extremely rare: foci of ganglionic cells were found in the neurohypophysis and adrenocortical tissue in the adenohypophysis. Focal squamous epithelia in the anterior pituitary are a common finding but they are rather metaplastic from parenchymal cells than ectopic tissue. Small foci of ectopic salivary gland tissue are not rare in the intermediate zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Saeger
- Institut für Neuropathologie, UKE, Universität Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
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11
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GRATTAROLA R. Attivita Progesteronica Pre-Ovulatoria E Sua Influenza Inibitrice Sul Ciclo Mestruale: Il valore del trattamento follicolostimolante e prolattina. Tumori 2018; 43:61-73. [PMID: 13433848 DOI: 10.1177/030089165704300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Referring to a previous paper, it is stated that in some cases a progestonal activity may subsist in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. This progestonal activity is supposed to inhibit the corpus luteum development of the actual cycle. In fact in these cases the basal body temperature is observed to be of irregular type and the endometrium shows a mixed folliculo-progestional picture. Vaginal smears do not show signs of an efficient luteinic activity. In such cases, the stimulating action of the LTH hormone, alone or associated with prolactin, does not modify the picture observed before treatment. A modification is obtained only by a previous gonadotropic stimulation in suitable doses and during the follicular phase. In cases in which the progestional activity is deficient and of short duration but the first phase of the cycle is not troubled by a persisting progestional activity, the highest secretory response is obtained by prolactin administered during the second half of the cycle (endometrial picture similar to that of initial pregnancy, vaginal smear with intense activity of the basophilic elements, prolongation of the secretory phase of the cycle). 2 out of 4 cases who underwent this treatment recovered even from sterility.
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12
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Tao T, Zhang Z, Li H. Lymphocytic hypophysitis associated with Behcet's disease: A case report and review of the literature. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2018; 39:43-48. [PMID: 29803206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH) is a rare inflammatory disorder involving the pituitary gland, often with other autoimmune diseases combined. The coexistence of LH and Behçet\'s disease (BD) is a rare combination and only one case was reported in the previous literatures. A 50-year-old man was admitted into Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital presented with frontal headache and fatigue which had lasted for four months. Endocrinological inspection indicated anterior pituitary dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed homogeneous pituitary enlargement and thickened pituitary stalk. Administration of glucocorticoids could effectively relieve headache and reduced pituitary mass volume. Oral aphthosis, skin lesions and positive pathergy tests were recognized later, which were characteristic features of BD. Although the diagnosis of BD is mainly dependent on clinical manifestations, PT is still a useful diagnostic tool 0f high specificityfor BD. And this male patient was diagnosed with both LH and BD afterwards. Then he was treated with cyclophosphamide and medium doses of methylprednisolone and remained in good conditions at the follow-up. LH and BD might share a common underlying autoimmune pathogenesis. The presentation of endocrinologic disturbances such as anterior pituitary dysfunction with typical features of skin lesions should prompt further investigation of possible comorbid autoimmune disease involving multiple organ systems. Early diagnosis and close monitoring are vitally important to ensure a stable endocrinologic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Camper SA, Daly AZ, Stallings CE, Ellsworth BS. Hypothalamic β-Catenin Is Essential for FGF8-Mediated Anterior Pituitary Growth: Links to Human Disease. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3322-3324. [PMID: 28977614 PMCID: PMC5659706 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally A. Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109-5618
| | - Alexandre Z. Daly
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109-5618
| | - Caitlin E. Stallings
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University,
Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6523
| | - Buffy S. Ellsworth
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University,
Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6523
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14
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Barnhart KF, Edwards JF, Storts RW. Symptomatic Granular Cell Tumor Involving the Pituitary Gland in a Dog: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Vet Pathol 2016; 38:332-6. [PMID: 11355666 DOI: 10.1354/vp.38-3-332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A granular cell tumor involving the pituitary gland, optic chiasm and ventral pyriform lobes was discovered in a 12-year-old Labrador Retriever. Clinical signs included acute blindness, seizures, ataxia, weakness, and behavioral changes. The diagnosis was established by histopathologic and ultrastructural examination of neoplastic tissues collected at necropsy. Granular cell tumors involving the central nervous system are well documented in humans but rarely have been described in dogs. The location of the neoplasm and the clinical symptoms seen in this dog closely parallel those of a rare syndrome in humans commonly described as symptomatic parasellar or pituitary granular cell tumors. The cell of origin for these tumors is still highly debated, and attempts to characterize human granular cell tumors through immunohistochemistry have produced conflicting results. An immunohistochemical profile of this neoplasm revealed focal positive staining for vimentin with a lack of staining for neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100, and synaptophysin. All neoplastic cells were strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Barnhart
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77833-4457, USA
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Montero-Pardo A, Diaz D, Olivares A, González-Padilla E, Murcia C, Gómez-Chavarín M, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Perera-Marín G. Effect of ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH) charge isoforms on VEGF and cAMP production. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 163:35-47. [PMID: 26507528 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although an increase in VEGF expression and synthesis in association with LH has been established; it is unknown if all LH isoforms act similarly. This study evaluated the production of cAMP and VEGF among LH isoforms in two in vitro bioassays. The LH was obtained from hypophyses and the group of isoforms was isolated by chromatofocusing. cAMP production was assessed using the in vitro bioassay of HEK-293 cells and VEGF production was evaluated in granulosa cells. Immunological activity was measured with a homologous RIA. Immunoactivity and bioactivity for each isoform were compared against a standard, by estimating the IC50 and the EC50. The basic isoforms were more immunoactive than the standard. The neutral and the moderately acidic had an immunological activity similar to the standard. The acidic isoform was the least immunoreactive. cAMP production at the EC50 dose was similar among the basic isoforms, the moderately acidic and the standard; for the neutral and the acidic, the EC50 dose was higher. It was observed that compared with the control, VEGF production at the lowest LH dose was no different in the standard and each isoform. In the intermediate dose, a positive response was caused in the standard and the neutral and basic isoforms. Although the acidic isoform showed a dose-dependent response, it was not significant relative to the control. In conclusion, the basic isoform generated the greatest cAMP and VEGF production, similar to the reference standard, and the acidic the smallest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulfo Montero-Pardo
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Aleida Olivares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, UMAE Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, IMSS, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Everardo González-Padilla
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - Clara Murcia
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita Gómez-Chavarín
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Perera-Marín
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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Luque RM, Lin Q, Córdoba-Chacón J, Subbaiah PV, Buch T, Waisman A, Vankelecom H, Kineman RD. Metabolic impact of adult-onset, isolated, growth hormone deficiency (AOiGHD) due to destruction of pituitary somatotropes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15767. [PMID: 21283519 PMCID: PMC3023710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) inhibits fat accumulation and promotes protein accretion, therefore the fall in GH observed with weight gain and normal aging may contribute to metabolic dysfunction. To directly test this hypothesis a novel mouse model of adult onset-isolated GH deficiency (AOiGHD) was generated by cross breeding rat GH promoter-driven Cre recombinase mice (Cre) with inducible diphtheria toxin receptor mice (iDTR) and treating adult Cre+/−,iDTR+/− offspring with DT to selectively destroy the somatotrope population of the anterior pituitary gland, leading to a reduction in circulating GH and IGF-I levels. DT-treated Cre−/−,iDTR+/− mice were used as GH-intact controls. AOiGHD improved whole body insulin sensitivity in both low-fat and high-fat fed mice. Consistent with improved insulin sensitivity, indirect calorimetry revealed AOiGHD mice preferentially utilized carbohydrates for energy metabolism, as compared to GH-intact controls. In high-fat, but not low-fat fed AOiGHD mice, fat mass increased, hepatic lipids decreased and glucose clearance and insulin output were impaired. These results suggest the age-related decline in GH helps to preserve systemic insulin sensitivity, and in the context of moderate caloric intake, prevents the deterioration in metabolic function. However, in the context of excess caloric intake, low GH leads to impaired insulin output, and thereby could contribute to the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul M. Luque
- Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Qing Lin
- Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - José Córdoba-Chacón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Papasani V. Subbaiah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Neuroimmunology Division, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medical Centre, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leuven (K.U.Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rhonda D. Kineman
- Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tajima T, Ohtake A, Hoshino M, Amemiya S, Sasaki N, Ishizu K, Fujieda K. OTX2 loss of function mutation causes anophthalmia and combined pituitary hormone deficiency with a small anterior and ectopic posterior pituitary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:314-9. [PMID: 18854396 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) is a transcription factor necessary for ocular and forebrain development. In humans, heterozygous mutations of OTX2 cause severe ocular malformations. However, whether mutations of OTX2 cause pituitary structural abnormalities or combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) has not been clarified. OBJECTIVES We surveyed the functional consequences of a novel OTX2 mutation that was detected in a patient with anophthalmia and CPHD. PATIENT We examined a Japanese patient with growth disturbance, anophthalamia, and severe developmental delay. He showed deficiencies in GH, TSH, LH, FSH, and ACTH. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small anterior pituitary gland, invisible stalk, ectopic posterior lobe, and Chiari malformation. RESULTS Sequence analysis of OTX2 demonstrated a heterozygous two bases insertion [S136fsX178 (c.576-577insCT)] in exon 3. The mutant Otx2 protein localized to the nucleus, but did not activate the promoter of the HESX1 and POU1F1 gene, indicating a loss of function mutation. No dominant negative effect in the presence of wild-type Otx2 was observed. CONCLUSION This case indicates that the OTX2 mutation is a cause of CPHD. Further study of more patients with OTX2 defects is necessary to clarify the clinical phenotypes and endocrine defects caused by OTX2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, N15, W7, Sapporo, Japan 060-0835.
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MENEGHELLI V, SCAPINELLI R. THE SITE AND TIME OF ONSET OF GROWTH HORMONE PRODUCTION IN THE BOVINE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS, DETERMINED BY THE FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY METHOD. Cells Tissues Organs 2008; 51:198-208. [PMID: 13934847 DOI: 10.1159/000142315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Marzban L, Rhodes CJ, Steiner DF, Haataja L, Halban PA, Verchere CB. Impaired NH2-terminal processing of human proislet amyloid polypeptide by the prohormone convertase PC2 leads to amyloid formation and cell death. Diabetes 2006; 55:2192-201. [PMID: 16873681 DOI: 10.2337/db05-1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Islet amyloid, formed by aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP; amylin), is a pathological characteristic of the pancreas in type 2 diabetes and may contribute to the progressive loss of beta-cells in this disease. We tested the hypothesis that impaired processing of the IAPP precursor proIAPP contributes to amyloid formation and cell death. GH3 cells lacking the prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) and IAPP and with very low levels of prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) were transduced with adenovirus (Ad) expressing human or rat (control) proIAPP linked to green fluorescent protein, with or without Ad-PC2 or Ad-PC1/3. Expression of human proIAPP increased the number of transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells 96 h after transduction (+hIAPP 8.7 +/- 0.4% vs. control 3.0 +/- 0.4%; P < 0.05). COOH-terminal processing of human proIAPP by PC1/3 increased (hIAPP+PC1/3 10.4 +/- 0.7%; P < 0.05), whereas NH(2)-terminal processing of proIAPP by addition of PC2 markedly decreased (hIAPP+PC2 5.5 +/- 0.5%; P < 0.05) the number of apoptotic GH3 cells. Islets from mice lacking PC2 and with beta-cell expression of human proIAPP (hIAPP(+/+)/PC2(-/-)) developed amyloid associated with beta-cell death during 2-week culture. Rescue of PC2 expression by ex vivo transduction with Ad-PC2 restored NH(2)-terminal processing to mature IAPP and decreased both the extent of amyloid formation and the number of TUNEL-positive cells (-PC2 26.5 +/- 4.1% vs. +PC2 16.1 +/- 4.3%; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that impaired NH(2)-terminal processing of proIAPP leads to amyloid formation and cell death and that accumulation of the NH(2)-terminally extended human proIAPP intermediate may be a critical initiating step in amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Marzban
- Deparment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Miyake M, Hoshi K. [Anovulatory menstruation]. Nihon Rinsho 2006; Suppl 2:352-5. [PMID: 16817420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Miyake
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
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Shimatsu A. [Hypothalamic syndrome]. Nihon Rinsho 2006; Suppl 1:5-7. [PMID: 16776080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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Shimatsu A. [Autoimmune infundibulo -hypophysitis (lymphocytic adenohypophysitis and lymphocytic infundibulo-neurohypophysitis)]. Nihon Rinsho 2006; Suppl 1:37-40. [PMID: 16776088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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Haskin O, Lazar L, Jaber L, Salvatori R, Alba M, Kornreich L, Phillip M, Gat-Yablonski G. A new mutation in the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene in two Israeli Arab families. J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29:122-30. [PMID: 16610237 DOI: 10.1007/bf03344084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the GHRH receptor gene (GHRH-R) are emerging as a common cause of familial isolated GH deficiency (IGHD). DESIGN We searched for GHRH-R mutations in 10 patients with IGHD of Israeli-Arab origin, belonging to two highly consanguineous families. METHODS Analysis of the 13 coding exons, the intron-exon boundaries, and the proximal promoter of the GHRH-R was performed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Abnormally migrating bands were sequenced. The newly found mutation was inserted into GHRH-R cDNA. Wild type and mutant receptor were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and the cAMP response to GHRH was measured. RESULTS All patients were homozygous for a novel GHRH-R missense mutation in exon 11 that replaces arginine with cysteine (R357C). Functional assay demonstrated complete inactivity of the mutant receptor in vitro. The prevalence of the mutant allele in the Israeli-Arab population was found to be 2%. All the patients had low but detectable GH reserve, proportionate short stature, and growth retardation since early childhood, with good growth response to GH treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging, performed in 3 patients, revealed a normal sized anterior pituitary in one patient evaluated at early childhood, and a borderline hypoplastic gland in the 2 patients evaluated at puberty. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel missense mutation in the GHRH-R. The high incidence of the mutant allele in Israeli Arabs suggests that the mutation may be a common cause of familial IGHD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Haskin
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes Petach Tikva, Israel
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Uchikawa M, Kamachi Y, Kondoh H. [Understanding lens differentiation from the analysis of crystallin gene regulation]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2005; 50:655-63. [PMID: 15926496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Woods KS, Cundall M, Turton J, Rizotti K, Mehta A, Palmer R, Wong J, Chong WK, Al-Zyoud M, El-Ali M, Otonkoski T, Martinez-Barbera JP, Thomas PQ, Robinson IC, Lovell-Badge R, Woodward KJ, Dattani MT. Over- and underdosage of SOX3 is associated with infundibular hypoplasia and hypopituitarism. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76:833-49. [PMID: 15800844 PMCID: PMC1199372 DOI: 10.1086/430134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Duplications of Xq26-27 have been implicated in the etiology of X-linked hypopituitarism associated with mental retardation (MR). Additionally, an expansion of a polyalanine tract (by 11 alanines) within the transcription factor SOX3 (Xq27.1) has been reported in patients with growth hormone deficiency and variable learning difficulties. We report a submicroscopic duplication of Xq27.1, the smallest reported to date (685.6 kb), in two siblings with variable hypopituitarism, callosal abnormalities, anterior pituitary hypoplasia (APH), an ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP), and an absent infundibulum. This duplication contains SOX3 and sequences corresponding to two transcripts of unknown function; only Sox3 is expressed in the infundibulum in mice. Next, we identified a novel seven-alanine expansion within a polyalanine tract in SOX3 in a family with panhypopituitarism in three male siblings with an absent infundibulum, severe APH, and EPP. This mutation led to reduced transcriptional activity, with impaired nuclear localization of the mutant protein. We also identified a novel polymorphism (A43T) in SOX3 in another child with hypopituitarism. In contrast to findings in previous studies, there was no evidence of MR or learning difficulties in our patients. We conclude that both over- and underdosage of SOX3 are associated with similar phenotypes, consisting of infundibular hypoplasia and hypopituitarism but not necessarily MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S. Woods
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Maria Cundall
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - James Turton
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Karine Rizotti
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Ameeta Mehta
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Rodger Palmer
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Jacqueline Wong
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - W. K. Chong
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Mahmoud Al-Zyoud
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Maryam El-Ali
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Juan-Pedro Martinez-Barbera
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Paul Q. Thomas
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Iain C. Robinson
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Robin Lovell-Badge
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Karen J. Woodward
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Mehul T. Dattani
- London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Unit, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, and Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Divisions of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, and North-East London Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory and Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
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Abstract
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) signals via G protein-coupled receptors (GHRH-R) to enhance intracellular Galphas/adenylyl cyclase/cAMP signaling, which in turn has positive effects on GH synthesis and release, as well as proliferation of the GH-producing cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Some GH-producing pituitary tumors express a constitutively active mutant form of Galphas (gsp oncogene). It has been reported that these tumors are more responsive to octreotide therapy. In this study we used a rat GH-producing cell line (GH3) stably transfected with the human GHRH-R cDNA (GH3-GHRHR cells) as a model to study the effects of gsp oncogene on somatostatin (SRIH) receptor subtype 1 and 2 (sst1 and sst2) mRNA levels. Transient transfection of gsp oncogene in GH3-GHRHR cells for 48 h increased intracellular cAMP levels and GH release. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4, sst1 and sst2 mRNA levels were increased by G protein mutation as assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Increased PDE mRNA levels in gsp-transfected cells may be a compensatory mechanism to the constitutive activation of cAMP-dependent pathway by G protein mutation and is consistent with reports of higher PDE expression in human pituitary tumor that express gsp. Our data suggest that higher expression of sst1 and sst2 mRNA induced by the gsp oncogene may be a mechanism by which gsp-positive tumors show a greater response to SRIH. GH3 cells permanently transfected with GHRH-R can be used for in vitro studies of actions of GHRH.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Animals
- Bucladesine/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholera Toxin/pharmacology
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/genetics
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
- Octreotide/pharmacology
- Oncogenes/physiology
- Pituitary Gland, Anterior
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Somatostatin/genetics
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Basic Medical Science, Kyunghee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
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Shchepotin IB, Zotov AS. [Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome]. Vopr Onkol 2005; 51:722-7. [PMID: 17037044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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REISS M, HEMPHILL RE, MAGGS R, HAIGH CP. Comparative action of E.C.T. and of pituitary anterior lobe hormones on thyroid function. Br Med J 2004; 2:634-7. [PMID: 14869672 PMCID: PMC2069968 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4732.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Donadieu J, Rolon MA, Pion I, Thomas C, Doz F, Barkaoui M, Robert A, Deville A, Mazingue F, David M, Brauner R, Cabrol S, Garel C, Polak M. Incidence of growth hormone deficiency in pediatric-onset Langerhans cell histiocytosis: efficacy and safety of growth hormone treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:604-9. [PMID: 14764769 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We retrospectively studied 61 patients with GH deficiency (GHD), identified among 589 patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) enrolled in a nationwide survey between 1993 and 2001. Overall, 141 patients in the survey developed diabetes insipidus. The median follow-up of the 61 patients with GHD was 12 yr. The 5- and 10-yr risks of GHD among patients with diabetes insipidus were 34.7 +/- 4.5% and 53.7 +/- 5.2%, respectively. Growth velocity decreased soon after LCH diagnosis in patients who developed GHD, and anterior pituitary height, estimated by magnetic resonance imaging, was significantly reduced relative to patients who remained free of GHD. GH replacement therapy was administered to 47 of the 61 patients with GHD. Among GH-treated patients, median final height (-0.8 SD) was significantly greater than median height at GHD diagnosis (-1.6 SD) but remained below midparental (target) height. Among patients with pituitary involvement, the number of LCH disease episodes appeared not significantly influenced by GHD or GH administration, suggesting an absence of deleterious effect of GH therapy on LCH disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Donadieu
- Service d'Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Hopital Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
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Nishimura K, Takao T, Mimoto T, Matsumori A, Sasaoka A, Hashimoto K. A case of anterior hypopituitarism showing recurrent pituitary mass associated with central diabetes insipidus. Endocr J 2003; 50:825-9. [PMID: 14709857 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.50.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of anterior hypopituitarism showing recurrent pituitary mass associated with central diabetes insipidus. A 76-year old woman was hospitalized with general fatigue and 5 kg body weight loss. Endocrinological examinations and pituitary provocative tests demonstrated hypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus. T1-weighted image of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intrasellar cystic mass with ring enhancement suggesting pituitary abscess. MRI films subsequently obtained from another hospital and studied retrospectively showed intrasellar cystic mass with ring enhancement 4 years earlier, and a mass shape that was decreased after 2 years. Over the subsequent years, the patient has remained asymptomatic with hormone replacement therapy only. Cystic pituitary adenoma or Rathke's cleft cyst with repeated infection may be involved in the repeated change of pituitary mass shape although neither pituitary surgery nor a pituitary biopsy was performed because of the patient's age and condition. It is reported that apparent recurrence of Rathke's cleft cysts after initially successful surgery was higher than suggested by previous reports, and that long-term follow-up with pituitary imaging and neuroophthalmological assessment is essential. Careful evaluation by follow-up brain MRI is needed in the present case to prevent future recurrence of pituitary abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Nishimura
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan
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McVicar CM, Cunningham RT, McClure N, Curry WJ. Chromogranin A proteolysis to generate beta-granin and WE-14 in the adenohypophysis during the rat oestrous cycle. Regul Pept 2003; 115:1-10. [PMID: 12873792 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(03)00130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical analysis of the male and female rat adenohypophysis revealed that chromogranin A (CgA), beta-granin and WE-14 immunostaining was localised to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) producing cells, while luteinizing hormone (LH) producing cells exhibited chromogranin A and beta-granin immunostaining. The intensity of chromogranin A, beta-granin and WE-14 immunostaining exhibited variation during the oestrous cycle; weak immunostaining was observed during proestrous and oestrous, corresponding with the lowest cellular concentration of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormone. Chromogranin A and beta-granin immunostaining were similar in both the male and female (at dioestrous), however, a larger number of more intense WE-14 immunopositive cells were evident in the male adenohypophysis relative to the female at any stage of the cycle. The tissue and plasma concentrations of beta-granin and WE-14 immunoreactivity fluctuated throughout the oestrous cycle. Maximum and minimum beta-granin and WE-14 tissue concentration counterpoised the latent maximum and minimum plasma concentration. Chromatographic analysis of adenohypophysis extracts revealed the degree of chromogranin A proteolysis throughout the oestrous cycle; in contrast, plasma profiles consistently possessed a large chromogranin A-like immunoreactant. This data suggests that chromogranin A biosynthesis, proteolysis and the secretion of its derived peptides parallels that of the gonadotroph hormones throughout the oestrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mary McVicar
- School of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University of Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, Northern Ireland, UK.
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BROWN-GRANT K. A comparison of thyroxine and triiodothyronine as inhibitors of pituitary thyrothrophic hormone secretion in the rabbit. J Physiol 2003; 127:352-7. [PMID: 14354677 PMCID: PMC1365780 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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47
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Nakamura Y. [From diagnosis to treatment: The anterior pituitary gland]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2003; 92:548-54. [PMID: 12746952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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48
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Roncaroli F, Scheithauer BW, Young WF, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Kros JM, Al-Sarraj S, Lloyd RV, Faustini-Fustini M. Silent corticotroph carcinoma of the adenohypophysis: a report of five cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27:477-86. [PMID: 12657932 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200304000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report five silent corticotroph carcinomas of the pituitary gland. They represent 0.05% of adenohypophyseal tumors surgically treated at Mayo Clinic during a 20-year period and about 5% of all reported pituitary carcinomas. The patients (three females and two males), ranging in age from 26 to 58 years (mean 39 years, median 35 years) presented with symptoms of mass effect; none had Cushing's disease. All tumors were initially invasive macroadenomas, recurred locally, and metastasized, three outside the central nervous system. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 23 years (mean 10.6 years). All patients died, four of disseminated tumor and one of myocardial infarction. Histologically, three of the primary lesions were indistinguishable from an ordinary benign adenoma. Two were initially diagnosed as atypical adenomas as they featured nuclear pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli, mitotic activity, high MIB-1 labeling indices, and p53 overexpression. For the purpose of comparison, 17 silent corticotroph adenomas were also investigated. In addition, the clinicopathologic features of the silent carcinomas were compared with those of a meta-analysis of published Cushing's disease-associated pituitary carcinomas. The silent adrenocorticotropin carcinomas showed a propensity for extraneural dissemination and an outcome similar to those of the Cushing's disease-associated carcinomas. The two patients with initial atypical tumors died with metastases outside the central nervous system at 2 and 4 years, whereas the three patients with tumors lacking atypia died 16, 18, and 23 years after initial sellar surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Roncaroli
- Department of Oncology, Section of Anatomic and Cytopathology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a case of a gonadotroph adenoma diagnosed after a dramatic increase in estradiol level and ovarian hyperstimulation in response to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Outpatient practice and university hospital. PATIENT(S) A 35-year-old woman who presented with infertility, amenorrhea, and an elevated basal estradiol concentration. INTERVENTION(S) Ultrasonography, laparoscopy, endocrinologic assays, magnetic resonance imaging, transsphenoidal surgery, and immunocytochemical staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Ultrasonography and laparoscopy demonstrated bilaterally enlarged ovaries containing multiple preovulatory follicles, similar in appearance in those women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with exogenous FSH. The serum estradiol level was moderately elevated, the FSH level was within the normal range, and LH was suppressed. Administration of leuprolide acetate resulted in very elevated estradiol concentrations and even larger ovarian cysts. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a sellar mass. Examination of the tissue excised by transsphenoidal excision of the mass showed a pituitary adenoma that stained strongly for FSH. RESULT(S) Regular menses resumed soon after excision of the gonadotroph adenoma, followed by a spontaneous pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Gonadotroph adenoma should be suspected in a reproductive age woman with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, infertility, multiple preovulatory follicles, and a persistently elevated serum estradiol concentration. Exacerbation of the ovarian hyperstimulation in response to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in this setting also strongly suggests a gonadotroph adenoma but can be avoided by recognizing the presenting features of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J Castelbaum
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6149, USA
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Perry DI, McGinn GJ, Del Bigio MR. Mixed gangliocytoma--adenoma of the sella: case report. Can Assoc Radiol J 2002; 53:303-6. [PMID: 12500383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daryl I Perry
- St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
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