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Bucci P, Casas A, Martins P, Meyer A, Cantero D, Muñoz R. A comparative assessment of treatment methods to release ferulic and p-cumaric acids from Brewer's Spent Grains. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 188:39-47. [PMID: 39098271 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the main byproduct from the brewing industry, which accounts for 85 % of the total waste generated during beer production. This lignocellulosic material is traditionally used as livestock feed and sold at a low price. However, BSG can be used as a low-cost feedstock for the production of bioactive molecules and chemicals precursors, upgrading the value of this byproduct. In this context, BSG is a promising feedstock for the extraction of antioxidants like ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (p-Cu). The effectiveness of three hydrolysis treatments were evaluated for the extraction of FA and p-Cu from BSG, namely enzymatic (based on the synergistic cooperation between a feruloyl esterase and an endo-1,4-β-xylanase), alkaline and hydrothermal. The hydrothermal treatment produced the highest extraction yields (7.2 g/kgBSG and 1.4 g/kgBSG for FA and p-Cu, respectively) in a short extraction time (an hour). On the other hand, enzymatic hydrolysis extracted 4.3 g/kgBSG for FA and negligible yields for p-Cu in 4 h of incubation at 25 °C. Yields of 5.5 g/kgBSG for FA and 0.6 g/kgBSG for p-Cu were obtained in more than 5 h of alkaline treatment at 120 °C. The mass and energy balances revealed the high dependence of the operating costs on the concentration of BSG used during the extraction process, with costs of 34.5 €, 6607 € and 205.5 € per kg of FA for the chemical, enzymatic and hydrothermal extraction methods at 100 kg BSG/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bucci
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Spain
| | - A Casas
- The Institute of Bioeconomy. Calle Dr Mergelina S/N, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - P Martins
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - D Cantero
- The Institute of Bioeconomy. Calle Dr Mergelina S/N, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - R Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Spain.
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Zeng Y, Ahmed HGMD, Li X, Yang L, Pu X, Yang X, Yang T, Yang J. Physiological Mechanisms by Which the Functional Ingredients in Beer Impact Human Health. Molecules 2024; 29:3110. [PMID: 38999065 PMCID: PMC11243521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional therapy, for example through beer, is the best solution to human chronic diseases. In this article, we demonstrate the physiological mechanisms of the functional ingredients in beer with health-promoting effects, based on the PubMed, Google, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases, published from 1997 to 2024. Beer, a complex of barley malt and hops, is rich in functional ingredients. The health effects of beer against 26 chronic diseases are highly similar to those of barley due to the physiological mechanisms of polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids), melatonin, minerals, bitter acids, vitamins, and peptides. Functional beer with low purine and high active ingredients made from pure barley malt, as well as an additional functional food, represents an important development direction, specifically, ginger beer, ginseng beer, and coix-lily beer, as consumed by our ancestors ca. 9000 years ago. Low-purine beer can be produced via enzymatic and biological degradation and adsorption of purines, as well as dandelion addition. Therefore, this review paper not only reveals the physiological mechanisms of beer in overcoming chronic human diseases, but also provides a scientific basis for the development of functional beer with health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xia Li
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Li'e Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China
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3
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Rossi L, Wechsler L, Peltzer MA, Ciannamea EM, Ruseckaite RA, Stefani PM. Sustainable Particleboards Based on Brewer's Spent Grains. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:59. [PMID: 38201724 PMCID: PMC10780620 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the main solid waste generated in beer production and primarily consists of barley malt husks. Based on the active promotion of circular economy practices aimed at recycling food industry by-products, this study assessed for the first time the production of particleboards based on BSG as the sole source of lignocellulosic material and natural adhesive without the use of additives or other substrates. In order to achieve particleboards from entirely sustainable sources, BSG particles have to self-bind by thermo-compression with water. In this context, the aim of this study is to assess the effects of pressing temperatures and particle size on properties such as modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, thickness swelling, and water absorption. The performance of binderless boards was compared with that of a control panel (control) using BSG combined with phenolic resin. Processing conditions were selected to produce boards with a target density of 1000 kg/m³ and a thickness of 5 mm. To confirm the efficiency of the self-adhesion process, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the boards. The processes of self-adhesion and particle-to-particle contact were facilitated at a pressing temperature of 170 °C and a particle size range of 200-2380 µm (ground BSG), resulting in improved flexural properties and enhanced water resistance. The properties of BSG-based binderless boards were comparable to those reported for other biomass residues, suggesting that they might be used in non-structural applications, such as interior decoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7600FDQ, Argentina; (L.R.); (L.W.); (E.M.C.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Lucia Wechsler
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7600FDQ, Argentina; (L.R.); (L.W.); (E.M.C.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Mercedes A. Peltzer
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina;
| | - Emiliano M. Ciannamea
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7600FDQ, Argentina; (L.R.); (L.W.); (E.M.C.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Roxana A. Ruseckaite
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7600FDQ, Argentina; (L.R.); (L.W.); (E.M.C.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Pablo M. Stefani
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7600FDQ, Argentina; (L.R.); (L.W.); (E.M.C.); (R.A.R.)
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Parisi M, Verrillo M, Luciano MA, Caiazzo G, Quaranta M, Scognamiglio F, Di Meo V, Villani A, Cantelli M, Gallo L, Altobelli GG, Poggi S, Spaccini R, Fabbrocini G. Use of Natural Agents and Agrifood Wastes for the Treatment of Skin Photoaging. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040840. [PMID: 36840187 PMCID: PMC9966275 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoaging is the premature aging of the skin caused by repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. The harmful effects of UV rays-from the sun or from artificial sources-alter normal skin structures and cause visible damage, especially in the most exposed areas. Fighting premature aging is one of the most important challenges of the medical landscape. Additionally, consumers are looking for care products that offer multiple benefits with reduced environmental and economic impact. The growing requests for bioactive compounds from aromatic plants for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications have to find new sustainable methods to increase the effectiveness of new active formulations derived from eco-compatible technologies. The principle of sustainable practices and the circular economy favor the use of bioactive components derived from recycled biomass. The guidelines of the European Commission support the reuse of various types of organic biomass and organic waste, thus transforming waste management problems into economic opportunities. This review aims to elucidate the main mechanisms of photoaging and how these can be managed using natural renewable sources and specific bioactive derivatives, such as humic extracts from recycled organic biomass, as potential new actors in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Parisi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Verrillo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Luciano
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Quaranta
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Scognamiglio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Meo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Alessia Villani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cantelli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Gallo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna G. Altobelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Poggi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spaccini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Oyarzún P, Gallardo-Toledo E, Morales J, Arriagada F. Transfersomes as alternative topical nanodosage forms for the treatment of skin disorders. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2465-2489. [PMID: 34706575 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is a promising approach to treat different skin disorders. However, it remains a challenge mainly due to the nature and rigidity of the nanosystems, which limit deep skin penetration, and the unsuccessful demonstration of clinical benefits; greater penetration by itself, does not ensure pharmacological success. In this context, transfersomes have appeared as promising nanosystems; deformability, their unique characteristic, allows them to pass through the epidermal microenvironment, improving the skin drug delivery. This review focuses on the comparison of transfersomes with other nanosystems (e.g., liposomes), discusses recent therapeutic applications for the topical treatment of different skin disorders and highlights the need for further studies to demonstrate significant clinical benefits of transfersomes compared with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Javier Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Francisco Arriagada
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
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Macias-Garbett R, Serna-Hernández SO, Sosa-Hernández JE, Parra-Saldívar R. Phenolic Compounds From Brewer's Spent Grains: Toward Green Recovery Methods and Applications in the Cosmetic Industry. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.681684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the main by-product derived from the brewing industry, where it accounts for 85% of the total waste generated. The total annual production worldwide of this waste is 39 million tons. This lignocellulosic material is traditionally used as cattle feed and sold at a low retail price (~USD 45.00 per ton). However, efforts for the revalorization of this by-product are emerging since research has established that it can be used as a low-cost source of bioactive molecules and commodity chemicals that can bring value to integral biorefinery ventures. Among commodities, phenolic compounds have attracted attention as added-value products due to their antioxidant properties with applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. These phytochemicals have been associated with antiaging and anticancer activities that have potential applications on cosmetic products. This mini-review summarizes the most relevant extraction techniques used for the recovery of phenolic compounds from BSG while discussing their advantages and shortcomings and the potential applications from BSG bioactive extracts in the cosmetic industry and their reported beneficial effects. This mini-review also makes a brief comment on the role of phenolic compounds extraction in the economic feasibility of an integral BSG biorefinery.
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