Changes in purchasing patterns in the beauty market due to Post-COVID-19: Literature review

Cosmetic business mechanics in London: A cross-sectional analysis and audit of ASA compliance

INTRODUCTION

The proliferation of providers and practitioners of cosmetic botulinum toxin and dermal filler has profound public health implications. The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) regulates the use of advertising materials in the United Kingdom and prohibits the promotion of prescription-only medicines.

AIMS

We aim to perform a cross-sectional analysis of the practitioners in London, UK to evaluate the distribution of clinics within Greater London, prices advertised for interventions, and compliance with the ASA code. We also aim to identify whether there are any differences in cost of botulinum toxin or dermal filler between the boroughs.

METHODS

Between December 2021 and January 2022, we performed a systematic search using the internet search engine Google. Five searches were performed (1) [london] botox, (2) [london] botulinum toxin, (3) [london] anti wrinkle injection, (4) [london] filler, (5) [london] dermal filler. One hundred websites per search string were systematically reviewed and those which met the inclusion/exclusion criteria of each search string were included and analyzed. Each clinic's product/service range compliance with the ASA/CAP code was assessed. Any reference to Botulinum Toxin or anti-wrinkle injections was noted and analyzed. Further analysis would look to calculate price per milliliter (mL) of botulinum toxin and dermal filler per borough and to calculate whether there were any statistical differences between the 32 different London boroughs.

RESULTS

A total of 500 websites were visited and evaluated. After removal of duplicates, a total of 233 independent clinics was identified. A total of 206 out of the 233 clinics sampled (88%) were in direct infringement of the enforcement notice through advertising a prescription medicine. The overall average cost per mL of dermal filler was £330.89 and there was a statistically significant variance across London boroughs (p < 0.05). The overall average cost per mL of Botulinum Toxin was £284.45 and the variance across London boroughs was close to significant (p = 0.058).

CONCLUSION

This paper demonstrates poor compliance with the ASA/CAP guidelines and further provides an insight into the industry mechanics associated with aesthetic injectables in a major UK city, identifying regional variance in price and clinic density. The advertising of prescription-only medication may pose a potential risk to patients and will be an important consideration in proposed legislation to introduce licensing to the industry.

The effects of diet and beauty products on the uptake and storage of 14C in hair and nails: ramifications for the application of bomb pulse dating to forensic anthropological casework

Radiocarbon dating is a useful tool in the examination of unknown human remains. Recent studies have shown that the analysis of hair and nail samples can provide a highly accurate estimation of the year of death (YOD). However, little research has examined factors that may influence the uptake and storage of 14C in these tissues, such as diet, or the use of beauty products. This study measured the level of 14C in human hair and nail samples collected from living individuals to determine whether diet, and the use of hair dye or nail polish, has a significant impact on the estimation of YOD. The results of this study showed that diet did not appear to impact the radiocarbon content in human hair and nail, and thus should not be considered a limitation when analysing samples obtained from unidentified human remains. The use of nail polish, and in the majority of cases, hair dye, did not significantly impact the 14C concentration in nails and hair. While the results of this study are preliminary, they suggest that in most cases, both hair and nail can be successfully analysed using radiocarbon dating to estimate an individual's YOD. However, best practice should involve the analysis of multiple tissue types, to minimise any error that may be introduced as a result of the decedent's use of beauty products.

Novel pathway regarding good cosmetics brands by NFT in the metaverse world

BACKGROUND

Globally, the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an incomplete homework task. The society has transitioned into a non-face-to-face society due to COVID-19. Thus, research was conducted focusing on a new market in the cosmetic market using non-fungible token (NFT) in the metaverse era, a virtual world that is starting anew.

PURPOSE

This study is an empirical analysis focused on introducing the new start of luxury cosmetics brands using the metaverse world to good consumption using NFT.

METHOD

These data were reviewed to identify agreement between each section and unique guiding areas. The 39 papers were finally considered appropriate for evaluating the research objectives as follows in relation to the search criteria. This can be done through the PRISMA flow diagram to determine how many records were identified, included, and excluded.

RESULT

Good consumption in the future beauty market is vital, following COVID-19. Therefore, this narrative review article concluded that, only good, irreplaceable brands that utilize NFT fitting the luxury brand strategy and consuming good money will survive when the metaverse cosmetic era opened.

CONCLUSION

By identifying new changes in the global metaverse world and cosmetics market using NFT, this study can be used as an important marketing material in the metaverse cosmetics market.

An application of AR in cosmetological industry after coronavirus disease-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND

The consumption pattern in the beauty Industry has been changed due to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) crisis. As hygiene issues were raised, non-face-to-face communication was emphasized, and within this framework, the use of augmented reality (AR) emerged as one of the hottest topics in the industry.

AIMS

To check the usefulness of AR in the beauty Industry by systematically examining quantitative research which in turn verifies empirically the effectiveness of AR.

METHODS

A total of eight quantitative studies that verified the effect of AR in the cosmetic field were identified, and the contents of the studies were analyzed using PRISMA flow diagram.

RESULT

Sub-elements of reciprocity and expressive power for AR showed that they stimulate individual emotions and encourage purchase.

CONCLUSION

In the current beauty Industry dominated by non-face-to-face interactions, AR was evaluated as an appropriate means to respond to changes in the market.

Body care activities and its consequences related to COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND

Symptoms of illnesses related to COVID-19 disease include also dermatological changes. Moreover, modification of cosmetic and hygenic habits are widely noted.

AIM

The aim of this paper is to review the literature focused on skin manifestations related to COVID-19 disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In order to obtain information contained in this review article electronic databases, such as Google Scholar and PubMed, was searched. Only peer-reviewed articles published in the past two years have been studied.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

People have changed their cosmetics and hygenic habits, what has an impact on spreading COVID-19 disease, as well as on the beauty industry and human health.

CONCLUSION

More emphasis should be placed on increasing knowledge about skin lesions, which may appear in course of the disease or are associated with changes in hygenic and cosmetics habits.

Positive effects of COVID-19 on food preparation and expenditure habits: A comparative study across three countries

OBJECTIVE

This study seeks to empirically investigate how the changing eating habits affect health habits within three countries with entirely different cultures and diets to understand to what extent the pandemic may be responsible for these changes.

DESIGN

Specifically, a questionnaire was conducted in China, Portugal, and Turkey in early 2021. A series of statistical analyses were performed to identify how changes in individuals' eating habits have influenced their diets, considering the pandemic context and the varying cultural contexts where this research was performed.

SETTING

A structured questionnaire form was developed and uploaded to an online platform with unique links for automatic distribution to respondents in each country. Data for the main survey were gathered between 3 January and 1 February 2021.

PARTICIPANTS

Using snowball sampling, the authors leveraged their social networks by asking friends and colleagues to distribute the survey to potentially interested individuals. This distribution was stratified accordingly to the distribution of the population. The authors ultimately collected 319 useable surveys from China, 351 from Portugal, and 449 from Turkey.

RESULTS

The pandemic inspired healthier food habits, mostly because people have additional time to cook, shop differently for food, and spend more money on groceries.

CONCLUSIONS

The study suggests that aside from cultural values and dietary habits, the available time and the fear of the pandemic most explained the new eating habits. Several implications are provided for researchers and overall society in these three countries.