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Bilgin A, Kovanci MS, Öcalan S. "Working in the emergency department is not a job; it's like a war" A narrative inquiry and interpretive phenomenology of the violence experienced by emergency nurses in Turkey. Int J Nurs Pract 2024; 30:e13225. [PMID: 38112041 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to reveal the violent experiences of nurses working in the emergency department and the meanings they attribute to them. METHODS This research was conducted as narrative inquiry and interpretive phenomenology and recruited 15 nurses. Interviews with nurses actively working in the emergency department and who had been exposed to violence by patients or their relatives were conducted with a semi-structured interview form. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used. RESULTS In the study, three themes were determined (1) Unpredictable event, (2) Interminable effects of violence, and (3) Like a bottomless pit. With seven sub-themes. CONCLUSIONS This study underlined that violence applied to nurses by patients or relatives of patients in the emergency department is an unexpected situation that causes negative emotions. Violence affects all aspects of life and limits communication with the patient. Coping with a violent situation is challenging for nurses, and they demand support from the management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Bilgin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sabri Kovanci
- Faculty of Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Öcalan
- Faculty of Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Küçük Öztürk G, Başer E, Engin E. 'On the slope of an erupting volcano': A qualitative study on the workplace violence experiences of psychiatric nurses. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024; 31:515-524. [PMID: 38084835 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Workplace violence is common in healthcare. Workplace violence remains a complex and serious occupational hazard in healthcare. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Since there is no study examining detailed explanations of experiences and perspectives of workplace violence among psychiatric nurses, this study will act as a guide for psychiatric nurses. This study provides information about how psychiatric nurses evaluate the concept of workplace violence from their perspective, what it means to them and the effects of workplace violence. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Considering the effects of workplace violence, a preventive, systematic and holistic approach should be used in psychiatry and community mental health centres. Supportive interventions should be used to improve the health and safety of psychiatric nurses and patients. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Workplace violence is common in healthcare and remains a complex and serious occupational hazard. AIM This research was conducted to assess the workplace violence experiences and perspectives of psychiatric nurses. METHOD This study was a qualitative study conducted using a grounded theory approach method. The study was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023. The purposeful sampling method was used, and 11 psychiatric nurses were interviewed. Data were collected with an information form and a semi-structured interview form. The data were analysed using content analysis, and themes were created. FINDINGS The ages of the psychiatric nurses ranged from 38 to 57 years. Themes and sub-themes related to the workplace violence experiences and perspectives of psychiatric nurses included the way of violence (rising tension, eruption of the volcano, unintentional violence and turning to ash) and empowerment (ash cloud and ring of fire). CONCLUSION Psychiatric nurses stated that they were exposed to verbal and physical violence for many reasons, that this situation seriously affected their physical, mental and social health and that in addition to the devastating effects of violence, they became stronger by developing various skills to protect against violence. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Supportive interventions should be used to improve the health and safety of psychiatric nurses and patients. Strategies can be developed to include psychiatric nurses in occupational health nursing courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülhan Küçük Öztürk
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Vefa Küçük Faculty of Health Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Semra, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Eylül Başer
- Home Patient Care Program, Muş Alparslan University, Health Services Vocational School, Muş, Turkey
| | - Esra Engin
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Liao L, Guo N, Qu J, Ruan C, Wang L. Effect, feasibility, and acceptability of a Comprehensive Active Resilience Education (CARE) program in emergency nurses exposed to workplace violence: A quasi-experimental, mixed-methods study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 139:106224. [PMID: 38657482 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) against emergency nurses has been common but unavoidable. Promoting resilience may mitigate the subsequent health harms of workplace violence. Current interventions mainly focused on internal factors related to resilience, though the external factors can influence personal growth. AIM To test the effect, feasibility, and acceptability of a Comprehensive Active Resilience Education (CARE) program on promoting resilience in emergency nurses exposed to workplace violence. DESIGN This is a two-armed quasi-experimental using mixed methods, following the TREND checklist. METHODS This study was conducted from March 2023 to July 2023 in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China. Emergency nurses exposed to workplace violence were recruited using cluster sampling and allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the CARE program. The control group received no intervention. RESULTS 71participants were recruited and no participants withdrew during the intervention. The resilience and anxiety scores displayed a significant effect in the group*time interaction effect. After four months, the intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in resilience and anxiety scores. The intervention group showed greater improvement in coping, perceived organizational support, and depression scores compared to the control group. Two themes of joyful engagement experience and effective intervention were identified from qualitative interviews with the intervention group. CONCLUSION The Comprehensive Active Resilience Education (CARE) program was effective, feasible, and acceptable in increasing resilience in emergency nurses exposed to workplace violence. The CARE program we developed can be replicated and integrated into systematic education programs for all nurses to help them maintain their mental health and good job performance while dealing with workplace violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Liao
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ningyuan Guo
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Qu
- Nursing Department, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfeng Ruan
- Nursing Department, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Layne D, Beall C, Bryant WT, Morris L, Craven H. Experiences with Negative Behavior and Incivility: Perspectives of Unlicensed Assistive Personnel and Registered Nurses. NURSING REPORTS 2024; 14:1706-1721. [PMID: 39051363 PMCID: PMC11270354 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthcare professionals experience negative behaviors such as incivility from various sources within the hospital environment. However, little is known regarding the experience of unlicensed assistive personnel with these behaviors. Using a cross-sectional survey design, the research team aimed to examine the presence, sources, and impact of negative behaviors among registered nurses and unlicensed assistive personnel within a US hospital. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative responses. A total of 309 participants completed the survey, and 135 participants responded to three qualitative questions. Most respondents identified inadequate staffing/resources to handle workload (87%) and job stress leading to loss of control over behavior as contributing factors to lateral/vertical aggression in the work environment (71%). Impacts of negative behavior on job performance were related to both personal well-being and the work environment. Demoralization was identified as a common consequence of negative behaviors for individuals and within the work environment. The results suggested that registered nurses, unlicensed assistive personnel, and nursing leadership may benefit from system-wide approaches addressing negative behaviors such as incivility within the clinical environment. Specifically, efforts and policies aimed at aiding clinicians in responding to negative behaviors could potentially improve the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Layne
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Christina Beall
- Department of Nursing, University of South Carolina-Beaufort, Bluffton, SC 29909, USA;
| | - William T. Bryant
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System, Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lynnette Morris
- MUSC Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (L.M.); (H.C.)
| | - Heather Craven
- MUSC Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (L.M.); (H.C.)
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Sethi R, Lyver B, Gorla J, Singh B, Hanagan T, Haines J, Toppings M, Schulz-Quach C. Developing a customised set of evidence-based quality indicators for measuring workplace violence towards healthcare workers: a modified Delphi method. BMJ Open Qual 2024; 13:e002855. [PMID: 38964885 PMCID: PMC11227823 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2024-002855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) is a complex global challenge in healthcare that can only be addressed through a quality improvement initiative composed of a complex intervention. However, multiple WPV-specific quality indicators are required to effectively monitor WPV and demonstrate an intervention's impact. This study aims to determine a set of quality indicators capable of effectively monitoring WPV in healthcare. METHODS This study used a modified Delphi process to systematically arrive at an expert consensus on relevant WPV quality indicators at a large, multisite academic health science centre in Toronto, Canada. The expert panel consisted of 30 stakeholders from the University Health Network (UHN) and its affiliates. Relevant literature-based quality indicators which had been identified through a rapid review were categorised according to the Donabedian model and presented to experts for two consecutive Delphi rounds. RESULTS 87 distinct quality indicators identified through the rapid review process were assessed by our expert panel. The surveys received an average response rate of 83.1% in the first round and 96.7% in the second round. From the initial set of 87 quality indicators, our expert panel arrived at a consensus on 17 indicators including 7 structure, 6 process and 4 outcome indicators. A WPV dashboard was created to provide real-time data on each of these indicators. CONCLUSIONS Using a modified Delphi methodology, a set of quality indicators validated by expert opinion was identified measuring WPV specific to UHN. The indicators identified in this study were found to be operationalisable at UHN and will provide longitudinal quality monitoring. They will inform data visualisation and dissemination tools which will impact organisational decision-making in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickinder Sethi
- University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jaswanth Gorla
- University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Schulz-Quach
- University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sammut D, Lees-Deutsch L, Ali L, Imasogie J, Nkundo L, Hallett N. Exploring staff experiences and perceptions of patient-perpetrated violence in hospital settings: A qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38764225 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To explore hospital staff experiences and perceptions of patient-perpetrated violence. DESIGN Descriptive qualitative study. METHODS Twelve semi-structured interviews (June-August 2022) were held with a diverse sample of hospital nurses, doctors, allied health professionals, security and a non-clinical manager. The framework approach was used to organise and analyse data, using Attribution Theory as a theoretical lens. RESULTS Three themes were identified: violence as (un)predictable, violence as (un)preventable and the cumulative toll of violence. In making sense of why patients become violent, participants described different 'types' of aggressive patients and variably attributed behaviours to situation, disposition or a combination of both. Regardless of perceived causal factors, staff overwhelmingly appeared to view violence as predictable. Participants also reflected on the wider structural problems underpinning violence, frequently alluding to their sense of relative powerlessness to initiate change. The cumulative toll of violence was a common thread, with staff describing their acquisition of 'resilience' and reflecting on its role in their responses to escalating situations. CONCLUSIONS Many hospital staff are resigned to the inevitability of violence. The concept of staff 'resilience' following violence is not unproblematic, having the potential to serve as a guise for acceptance and as an additional variable for which staff are held accountable. When designing strategies, organisations should ensure that accountability for violence reduction is distributed across multiple levels. This study makes a novel contribution by exploring the perspectives of multiple staff groups working across diverse hospital settings, and adds to a sparse literature on this subject in the UK. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION Efforts to address violence against healthcare staff need to be power-conscious, ensuring that accountability is distributed across multiple levels. REPORTING METHOD This study is reported in line with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ). PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Sammut
- Centre for Healthcare and Communities, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Liz Lees-Deutsch
- Centre for Healthcare and Communities, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- Centre for Care Excellence, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Luul Ali
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Imasogie
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lavinia Nkundo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nutmeg Hallett
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Friganović A, Slijepčević J, Režić S, Cristina Alfonso-Arias C, Borzuchowska M, Constantinescu-Dobra A, Coțiu MA, Estel Curado-Santos E, Dobrowolska B, AGutysz-Wojnicka A, Hadjibalassi M, Laurado-Serra M, Sabou A, Georgiou E. Critical Care Nurses' Perceptions of Abuse and Its Impact on Healthy Work Environments in Five European Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1607026. [PMID: 38800831 PMCID: PMC11116648 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Workplace violence is a prevalent phenomenon in hospital settings which critical care nurses are particularly exposed to. The aim of this study was to research abuse against Critical Care Nurses in five European countries, and its association with and impact on Healthy Work Environments. Methods This was a multinational cross-sectional study. The 1,183 participants were nurses working in intensive care units from five European countries: Croatia, Cyprus, Poland, Spain, and Romania. The participants were selected by the convenience sampling method from 1 January 2021 to April 2022. Results Of 1,033 critical care nurses who answered questions about abuse, 646 reported at least one incident in the previous year. The highest number of incidents came from patients (2,050), followed by another nurse (1,453) and physicians (1,039). Conclusion Although nurses in ICUs are aware that a healthy working environment benefits them in their daily work, most of them still face some form of abuse. Organizations must take a realistic approach to prevent abuse and to educate nurses and nurse managers by implementing standards for healthy work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Friganović
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Slijepčević
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slađana Režić
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian Sabou
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Christensen SS, Wilson BL, Cummins MR, Eaton J, Iacob E, Hansen SD. Exploring nurses' emotional reactions to and reporting of patient-on-nurse workplace violence: A mixed-methods study. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 153:104724. [PMID: 38437757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence, including violent, intimidating, and disruptive acts, commonly occurs in healthcare settings. Type 2 workplace violence in nursing refers to patient/visitor behaviors directed toward clinicians, contributing to physical and psychological harm. Nurse victims often do not report these events to employers or law enforcement, making it challenging to address workplace violence. OBJECTIVES Our research examined nurse reactions to Type 2 workplace violence by identifying what behaviors they perceived as aggressive and reportable. Specific aims included: 1) developing and testing video vignettes to portray realistic patient aggression scenarios; 2) identifying nurse understandings of aggressive events that prompt affective reactions, and; 3) examining clinical characteristics related to the nurse victim's likelihood to report. DESIGN Through a sequential mixed-methods design, we qualitatively developed novel video vignettes portraying Type 2 workplace violence to experimentally examine how nurses interpreted them within a quantitative repeated measures survey. METHODS Two expert nurse research panels (n = 10) created five vignettes, from which nurses (n = 282) completed a survey with 1382 unique responses. Analyses included descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA/regression models. RESULTS Video vignettes realistically portrayed workplace violence events, eliciting negative emotional responses among nurses that increased in magnitude with statistical significance as the level of displayed aggression escalated. Statistically significant factors influencing nurse reporting of workplace violence included; 1) the level of aggression displayed by the patient; 2) the level of harm received by the nurse; 3) whether the nurse felt the patient's actions were intentional, and; 4) the nurse's perceived frequency of exposure to workplace violence. CONCLUSIONS Results suggested that nurse victims of Type 2 workplace violence experience depression, anger, fear, and anxiety, which may contribute to long-term mental health consequences. Findings also identified factors related to nurse reporting behaviors, which may help mitigate workplace violence in healthcare settings by informing research and promoting workplace practices that encourage reporting and safety. REGISTRATION Not registered. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Nurse reactions to workplace violence: Video vignettes reveal escalating aggression's impact on reporting. #EndNurseAbuse #WorkplaceViolence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Christensen
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Nursing, University of Utah Health Hospitals and Clinics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Eli Iacob
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Duane Hansen
- Department of Business and Economics, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR, USA
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de Barbieri I, Buja A, Noble H, Strini V. Prevention strategies of the risk of violence and aggression towards nurses in renal units. J Ren Care 2024; 50:55-62. [PMID: 36571585 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing, between healthcare professions, is the most at risk of violence and aggression. Most healthcare organizations rely on training as the primary strategy for the prevention of violence. Very little is known about the key factors for prevention against nurses: staff education, training and risk assessment. OBJECTIVES The aim is to verify if the number of observed episodes of violence and aggression in renal units are associated with structural and prevention managerial strategies. DESIGN An observational, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS They were part of a convention sample of participants in the European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association Conference of 2019, who understood the English Language and had a smartphone or tablet. MEASUREMENTS The tool used was a questionnaire developed by Zampieron in 2010, with closed questions, focused on violence and aggression's prevention and management. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion our study found that organizational and managerial strategies to address violence and aggression are highly correlated with observed violence in unit. Nurses are encouraged to become proactive by participating in prevention committees and policies, attending prevention training offered by unit, and reporting all incidents including those witnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria de Barbieri
- Healthcare Profession Department, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Buja
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraco-Vascolari e Sanità Pubblica, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Helen Noble
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Veronica Strini
- Clinical Research Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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Li L, Liao X, Ni J. A cross-sectional survey on the relationship between workplace psychological violence and empathy among Chinese nurses: the mediation role of resilience. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:85. [PMID: 38302970 PMCID: PMC10832225 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence is one of the most serious public health issues worldwide in healthcare occupations, nurse is a profession which faces the greatest risk of exposure to workplace violence among healthcare occupations. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the relationship between workplace psychological violence and empathy among Chinese nurses, and further examine the mediation role of resilience in this relationship. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of clinical registered nurses in Xinjiang China from 29 September 2023 to 19 October 2023.The online questionnaire, contained the general information form, the Workplace Psychologically Violent Behaviors Instrument, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Healthcare Professionals Version, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, was used to collect data. The IBM SPSS statistics software version 22.0 was used to perform data analyses in forms of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis. RESULT This survey recruited a convenience sample of 1613 clinical registered nurses aged 22 to 55 years who come from diverse ethnicities and worked in different departments. A total of 534 nurse experienced psychological violent, which yielded a positive rate of 33.1% for psychological violent among nurses. Pearson analysis reported a negative correlation between psychological violences and empathy (r=-0.724, P < 0.01) as well as a negative correlation between psychological violences and resilience (r=-0.681, P < 0.01). Mediation analysis reported that resilience mediated the negative relationship between psychological violence and empathy, the mediation effect accounted for ab/(ab + c') = 23.40% of the total effect. CONCLUSION This study supported an inverse ralationship between psychological violence and empathy among Chinese nurses where resilience acted as a protective factor to mediated the negative impacts of psychological violences on empathy These results directed health policies and clinical interventions to equip nurses with resilience to copy with and recover from workplace psychological violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, China
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Juan Ni
- Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, ZhuZhou, Hunan Province, China
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Serra-Sastre V. Workplace violence and intention to quit in the English NHS. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116458. [PMID: 38101172 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
NHS job vacancies remain at record levels and an increasing number of staff are leaving the NHS. Work-related violence is an aspect that has received little attention as a possible driving force in dropout rates among NHS workforce. Recent figures indicate that approximately 15% of NHS staff had experienced physical violence while at work (NHS Staff Survey, 2022). Given the prevalence of abuse and the consequences it may have on staff wellbeing, we examine the impact of workplace violence on intention to quit the organisation. We employ data from the NHS Staff Survey, a rich dataset that records the experience and views of staff working in the NHS. We use data from 2018 to 2022 of NHS employees surveyed in all NHS acute hospitals, with a sample size of 1,814,120 observations. We study the impact of experiencing physical or verbal violence in the workplace on the intention to quit the organization, examining differences according to perpetrator type. Our analysis also sheds light on any aggravated effect the pandemic had on intention to leave for those exposed to violence. The results suggest that experiencing physical violence increases the intention to leave by 10 percentage points. The effect of verbal violence is quantitatively greater in magnitude, increasing intention to leave by 21 percentage points. Violence from managers has the largest detrimental effect, followed by exposure to violence from multiple perpetrators and violence from colleagues. Heterogeneous effects exist according to occupational group, gender, age and ethnicity. The pandemic only had a marginal contribution to these effects. Staff health, trust in management and quality of patient care are some of the possible mechanisms through which violence influences the intention to quit. Overall, the results suggest that targeted interventions are needed to improve retention after exposure to violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Serra-Sastre
- Department of Economics, City, University of London, UK; Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK; Office of Health Economics, UK.
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Zhong XF, Shorey S. Experiences of workplace violence among healthcare workers in home care settings: A qualitative systematic review. Int Nurs Rev 2023; 70:596-605. [PMID: 36580395 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this systematic review were to obtain a comprehensive understanding of healthcare workers' experiences who were subjected to workplace violence in the home care environment and identify their specific support needs. BACKGROUND Workplace violence toward healthcare workers has been a prevalent and ongoing issue. With the expansion of home care services, more emphasis should be placed on maintaining a safe in-home care environment for healthcare workers. Understanding healthcare workers' experience of workplace violence is crucial for developing effective interventions. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in 10 databases from their inception date until January 2022. Primary qualitative studies were included. Two reviewers performed screening of studies, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction and analysis independently. The two-step approach by Sandelowski and Barroso on meta-summary and meta-synthesis was used. This qualitative systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Eight studies were included. Three themes were identified: (1) impact of workplace violence, (2) reasons behind tolerating violence, and (3) way forward to prevent violence. CONCLUSION Workplace violence is common among healthcare workers in home care settings, yet the support provided to healthcare workers is inadequate. The findings suggest the need for effective interventions and policies to address this grave issue in order to improve the well-being of healthcare workers as it may indirectly affect the care quality provided to patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Due to the unique nature of home care services, interventions preventing workplace violence must be tailored to the specific home care settings and needs of healthcare workers. Future research should develop and evaluate different interventions to prevent workplace violence in home care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan Zhong
- Nursing Division, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Fricke J, Siddique SM, Douma C, Ladak A, Burchill CN, Greysen R, Mull NK. Workplace Violence in Healthcare Settings: A Scoping Review of Guidelines and Systematic Reviews. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3363-3383. [PMID: 36341578 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221126476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence in healthcare settings is alarmingly common and represents significant financial and human cost. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and summarize evidence on strategies to prevent and/or manage workplace violence in healthcare settings. Searches were limited to evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews published between 2015 and 2021. Multiple databases were searched and screened. Quality of the included guidelines and reviews was also assessed. Three guidelines and 33 systematic reviews were included. Both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2015 and Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario 2019 guidelines provided useful recommendations for building a comprehensive prevention program. Evidence-based risk assessment, prevention and management, and education and training are all central components. Regular reassessment and adjustment is required. Included reviews (n = 33) were grouped into five main categories: violence toward nurses (n = 10); violence toward healthcare workers in general (n = 8); violence in the emergency department (n = 5); violence related to mental health (n = 5); and measurement related to workplace violence (n = 5). Multicomponent interventions were often more effective than those applied in isolation. We found consistent support for certain strategies including education and training, post-incident debriefing, multidisciplinary rapid response teams, and environmental modifications; however, the strength of evidence and certainty of conclusions were limited across reviews. This scoping review found that strong leadership that cultivates and enforces a culture of inclusivity, support, and respect is a prerequisite for a successful workplace violence prevention program. Rigorous comparative effectiveness research testing interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Fricke
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shazia Mehmood Siddique
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caryn Douma
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alicia Ladak
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ryan Greysen
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikhil K Mull
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zali M, Rahmani A, Powers K, Hassankhani H, Namdar‐Areshtanab H, Gilani N. Nurses' experiences of provision family-centred care in the postresuscitation period: A qualitative study. Nurs Open 2023; 10:7215-7223. [PMID: 37608460 PMCID: PMC10563420 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to explore nurses' experiences of providing family-centred care in the postresuscitation period. DESIGN An exploratory-descriptive qualitative design was used. METHODS In this qualitative study, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 nurses in three educational hospitals. There were six participants who completed follow-up interviews to resolve questions generated during initial interviews. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS Five main categories were extracted: continuous monitoring, facilitation of attendance, involvement in care, informing and emotional support. Despite the lack of organizational policies and guidelines, nurses explained how they work to provide family-centred care for families, especially those they assessed as having less possibility of aggressive behaviour and those with a better understanding of their loved one's condition. To provide postresuscitation family-centred care, nurses facilitated family attendance, involved them in some basic nursing care, and provided information and emotional support to the family members. CONCLUSION Nurses attempted to follow the basic principles of family-centred care in the postresuscitation period. However, to improve the provision of care by nurses, it is necessary to embed family-centred care principles in institutional policies and guidelines and to conduct training for nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION Iranian nurses are interested in engaged families in the postresuscitation period. Correct implementations of such care that include all families need institutional policies and guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Zali
- Department of Medical‐Surgical, School of Nursing and MidwiferyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Azad Rahmani
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and MidwiferyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Kelly Powers
- School of NursingUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Hadi Hassankhani
- Department of Medical‐Surgical, School of Nursing and MidwiferyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Hossein Namdar‐Areshtanab
- Department of Psychology Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Neda Gilani
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of HealthTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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de Raeve P, Xyrichis A, Bolzonella F, Bergs J, Davidson PM. Workplace Violence Against Nurses: Challenges and Solutions for Europe. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2023; 24:255-264. [PMID: 37475497 PMCID: PMC10563370 DOI: 10.1177/15271544231182586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a mapping exercise by the European Federation of Nurses (EFN) on challenges and solutions related to violence against nurses. This is an issue of growing international concern, with the problem accentuated during and following the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a cross-sectional observational design, an online questionnaire was distributed among 35 national nurses' associations across Europe in March 2021. Face validity was achieved through an expert panel. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis, including counts, percentages, and tabulation. Qualitative data analysis followed thematic synthesis techniques. Three main findings are noted. First, violent incidents against nurses are under-reported due to fear of victimization, employer discouragement, and the perception that reporting will not make any difference. Second, perpetrators of violent acts extend beyond patients and families to include health professionals of different ranks. Third, violent incidences have a significant adverse effect on nurses' health and retention, leading to nurses reducing their working hours or opting for part-time work. Violence against nurses is an expression of a broader problem that is rooted in the failure to recognize and manage violence at the level of the healthcare organization, and the absence of appropriate legislation to maintain minimum standards of safe working environments. This is partly the result of inadequate European Union-wide legislation targeting workplace violence in the health professions. Nurses need more institutional support through dedicated funding aimed at targeted interventions, more legislative commitment to ratify policies against discrimination, and an opportunity to voice the needs to the appropriate policymakers with the ability to bring significant change to existing conditions. Given the severity of the situation, inaction could lead to irreplaceable damage to the nursing workforce, compounding pressures resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Ultimately, this situation can further drive existing nurses out of the profession, weakening health systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Raeve
- European Federation of Nurses Associations, Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreas Xyrichis
- Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Bolzonella
- School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Bergs
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Healthcare & Ethics Research Group, UHasselt – Hasselt University, Hasselt, Limburg, Belgium
| | - Patricia M. Davidson
- University of Wollongong, Dean Emerita Johns Hopkins University (US), Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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George N, Potter C. The buck stops with you: Zero tolerance for violence toward nurses. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 2023; 54:41-45. [PMID: 37902375 DOI: 10.1097/nmg.0000000000000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole George
- At Press Ganey Associates in South Bend, Ind., Nicole George is the director for the Nursing Center of Excellence and Catima Potter is a product manager
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Wang M, Cai T, Guan H, Yang Y, Da C, Pan Q. Competence in managing workplace violence among nursing interns: Application of latent class analysis. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 73:103850. [PMID: 37995448 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify subtypes of competence in managing workplace violence (WPV) among nursing interns and to assess between-group differences. BACKGROUND Nursing interns are reported to be a vulnerable population for experiencing workplace violence during their clinical placement. Although WPV could have a negative impact on nursing interns' health and attitudes towards the nursing profession, little is known about nursing interns' competence in workplace violence management or its influencing factors. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS Between March to April 2023, nursing interns at three tertiary general hospitals in Anhui Province, China, completed questionnaires including a general information questionnaire, the Management of Workplace Violence Competence Scale (MWVCS), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), the Emotional Labour Scale for Nurses (ELSN) and were classified into subtypes by latent class analysis. Subsequently, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the influencing factors by subtypes. RESULTS A total of 264 questionnaires were valid and the overall mean age of the participants was 21.06 ±1.41 years. Four classes were identified: low competency group (15.5%), low cognition-low coping competency group (18.2%), low cognition-medium to high competency group (21.6%) and high competency group (44.7%). The results of multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that placement hospitals with a WPV management department, emotional control effort in profession dimension and emotional pretense by norms dimension in the Emotional Labour Scale for Nurses, pursuing further education and vigour dimension in the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were influencing factors of the potential categories of WPV management competence. CONCLUSIONS Four classes were identified and there was competence variability among nursing interns. More attention should be given to nursing interns who did not receive WPV-related training in their school or placement hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- School of Nursing, WanNan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Cai
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Guan
- Department of Nursing, West Anhui Health Vocational College, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Nursing Department Office, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Chaojin Da
- Department of Nursing, School of Clinical Nursing, Gansu Health Vocational College, Gansu, China
| | - Qing Pan
- School of Nursing, WanNan Medical College, Anhui, China
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18
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Qian M, Zhu P, Wu Q, Wang W, Shi G, Ding Y, Zhang H, Gu X, Xu T, Zhang Q. Experience of verbal violence among Chinese nursing students in clinical practice: a qualitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:768. [PMID: 37845649 PMCID: PMC10577944 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence is prevalent in the nursing profession, and as a relatively junior link of the professional hierarchy, nursing students are not immune to it. Among these, verbal violence may have more serious consequences for the victims than physical violence, but the literature on verbal violence among nursing students in Chinese clinical settings is limited. AIMS To explore the verbal violence experience among Chinese nursing students in clinical practice, and the strategies used by nursing students to cope with violence. DESIGN A descriptive qualitative study. METHODS From January 2022 to June 2022, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 nursing students in clinical practice by purposive snowball sampling. Nvivo12 software and inductive content analysis were used for data analysis. This paper followed the COREQ (Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) guidance. RESULTS Through data analysis, three themes were defined:(1) Multiform verbal violence; (2) Hurting and impacting and (3) Struggling or Coping. The findings indicated that nursing students were subjected to multiple forms of verbal violence in clinical practice, not only from patients and caregivers, but also from peers such as clinical tutors and doctors, which not only harmed students' personal health and well-being, but may also contribute to the nursing industry's future loss of human resources. Seeking emotional support from others and forcing themselves to grow up were the most commonly used coping strategies. CONCLUSION Nursing educators and nursing managers need to pay attention to verbal violence in the clinical environment, and actively develop the ability of nursing students to deal with uncivilized behavior. Establishing relevant courses and training such as communication, resilience, and violence prevention, establishing a stricter clinical mentor appointment system, and teaching assessment system may be strategies to help nursing students better perform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Qian
- School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pingting Zhu
- School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Qiwei Wu
- School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Shi
- School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinwen Ding
- School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Gu
- School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - QianQian Zhang
- School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, China
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Dafny HA, McCloud C, Pearson V, Brown S, Phillips C, Waheed N, Freeling M, Parry YK, Champion S. Nursing students' experience of workplace violence in clinical practice: A qualitative systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:6136-6164. [PMID: 37166364 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To systematically identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative studies investigating Registered Nurse students' (RNS) experiences of workplace violence (WPV) while on clinical placement. It is expected that the literature review findings will guide the development of targeted programs and policies to address WPV against RNS. BACKGROUND WPV affects RNS during clinical placements as they are vulnerable to violence due to their limited experience and skills to challenge abusive behaviour. In this review, RNS are students enrolled in a Bachelor of Nursing program to become registered nurses and exclude students who are enrolled in nursing program that does not lead to registration as a registered nurse. For example, enrolled in nursing programs and postgraduate nursing programs. RNS are chosen for their scope of practice and the training requirements. RNS reported experiencing WPV mainly from colleagues, staff, teachers, doctors and supervisors, which resulted in leaving nursing practice, impacting students' progression and healthcare systems. This review examines all types of violence RNS face irrespective of the abuser. METHODS A qualitative systematic review of existing literature was conducted through a comprehensive database search of eight databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central and ProQuest. Furthermore, reference lists of included studies were searched to identify further research. English language qualitative primary studies of any study design were searched from inception to 6th June 2022 and included if they met the inclusion criteria. Double review process utilised from screening until data synthesis reported according to PRISMA. JBI critical appraisal tools were used to assess the studies, and data extraction utilised JBI QARI tool and screened for credibility and confidence in findings. RESULTS A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the studies were conducted in nine countries. Five main themes relating to RNS experiences of WPV while on clinical placement were identified, including: 'Types of workplace violence', 'Perpetrators', 'Causes', 'Consequences' and 'Management of workplace violence'. CONCLUSIONS This qualitative systematic review provides new and significant knowledge in understanding the phenomenon of WPV experienced by RNS while on clinical placement. RELATIVE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This review highlights the unwillingness of RNS to reach out to instructors or clinical placement leaders in many situations and identifies avenues of support and awareness that are crucial to empower and enabling students to seek support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Ariela Dafny
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Mparntwe Centre for Evidence in Health, Flinders University: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Christine McCloud
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vincent Pearson
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shannon Brown
- Flinders University Library, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Craig Phillips
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nasreena Waheed
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Michelle Freeling
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yvonne Karen Parry
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie Champion
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Tonsley, South Australia, Australia
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Pachi A, Kavourgia E, Bratis D, Fytsilis K, Papageorgiou SM, Lekka D, Sikaras C, Tselebis A. Anger and Aggression in Relation to Psychological Resilience and Alcohol Abuse among Health Professionals during the First Pandemic Wave. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2031. [PMID: 37510472 PMCID: PMC10378977 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems, behavior changes, and addictive issues have been consistently documented among healthcare workers during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of anger and aggression in relation to psychological resilience and alcohol abuse among healthcare workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 120 physicians and 123 nurses completed an online survey of the Dimensions of Anger Reactions-5 (DAR-5), the Brief Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Alcohol Screening questionnaire CAGE which is an acronym for the focus of the questions (Cutting down, Annoyance by criticism, Guilty feeling, and Eye-openers). Demographic and professional data were also recorded. A total of 53 men and 190 women participated in the study. Almost one-third of the participants had a positive score on the DAR-5 scale and one out of ten respondents presented with current problematic alcohol use. Male participants demonstrated lower scores on the DAR-5 scale compared to females. Individuals with current problematic alcohol use displayed higher scores on the BAQ compared to those without alcohol use disorders. Regression analysis revealed that 16.4% of the variance in the BAQ scores can be attributed to scores on the DAR-5, 5.9% to the BRS scores, 2.1% to the CAGE scores, 1.7% to gender, and 1.2% to years of work experience. Mediation analysis highlighted the role of psychological resilience as a negative mediator in the DAR-5 and BAQ relationship. Professional experience and alcohol abuse emerged as positive and negative risk factors contributing to aggression and psychological resilience. The findings hold practical implications for implementing interventions to strengthen resilience in order to compensate for aggressive tendencies and discourage addictive issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro Pachi
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Evgenia Kavourgia
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Dionisios Bratis
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Konstantinos Fytsilis
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Styliani Maria Papageorgiou
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Dimitra Lekka
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Christos Sikaras
- Nursing Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Tselebis
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
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Acquadro Maran D, Minniti D, Presutti M, Alesina M, Brizio A, Gatti P. Workplace Bullying among Healthcare Professionals: A Quanti-Qualitative Survey in a Sample of Women Working in an Italian Healthcare Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105859. [PMID: 37239585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to analyze, in a sample of female healthcare workers in Italy, the training needs to improve positive relationships in the healthcare organization. To better understand these needs, perceived workplace bullying and its consequences in terms of professional commitment and well-being were analyzed from a descriptive and quantitative perspective (or mixed-methods analysis). A questionnaire was completed online in a healthcare facility in northwestern Italy. The participants were 231 female employees. The quantitative data showed that, on average, the sampled population perceived a low burden of WPB. The majority of the sample expressed moderate engagement at work and moderate perception of psychological well-being. It is interesting to note that one element seemed to be overarching in the responses to the open-ended questions: communication, which emerged as a problematic element that affects the entire organization. The research data provide useful evidence for intervention in favor of an environment that helps to recognize the phenomenon and intervene in time, offering the possibility of accepting the discomfort and fatigue of healthcare workers and offering useful interventions to the individual and the team.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Minniti
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale Torino3, Collegno, 10093 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Marta Alesina
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale Torino3, Collegno, 10093 Torino, Italy
| | - Adelina Brizio
- Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Torino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Gatti
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
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22
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Nix E, Altom K. Safety Concerns Associated with Home Care Nursing. Home Healthc Now 2023; 41:135-139. [PMID: 37144928 DOI: 10.1097/nhh.0000000000001161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Compared to nurses in acute care settings, home care nurses face unique threats to safety, including unsanitary conditions in homes, dangerous pets, firearms in the home, hostile patients or family members, high-crime neighborhoods, and motor vehicle accidents while traveling between patients. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore specific personal safety and environmental concerns faced by home care nurses. Seventy-five home care and home hospice nurses completed an anonymous Qualtrics survey. Seventy-eight percent admitted to feeling unsafe during a home visit. Safety threats included unsafe neighborhoods, aggressive dogs, aggressive or drug-seeking family members, patients with mental health concerns, sexual harassment, and most alarmingly feeling threatened by a firearm. Participants also identified environmental concerns such as secondhand smoke and bedbugs, and a high number of musculoskeletal injuries they perceived to be related to their work in home care. Home care is a rapidly growing industry with a critical need to attract and retain workers. Safety training specific to the workers' role should be offered at the time of hire and annually thereafter. Home care nurses should be aware of threats to safety and employ the strategies of preparation, awareness, alertness, and prevention before and during visits.
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23
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Fu C, Lv X, Cui X, Huang M, Cao F. The association between fear of future workplace violence and depressive symptoms among nurses based on different experiences of workplace violence: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:123. [PMID: 37061670 PMCID: PMC10105151 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of future workplace violence (FFWV) has a negative impact on individuals' health. However, no study has investigated the association between FFWV and depressive symptoms. Nurses with different experiences of workplace violence may have different levels of FFWV and differences in mental health. This study explored the association between FFWV and depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses with different experiences of workplace violence. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1888 Chinese nurses from 12 tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province. The Fear of Future Violence at Work scale was used to measure FFWV. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between FFWV and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 45.9% (no aggression group: 24.3%; non-physical violence group: 46.1%; physical violence group: 63.7%), and 72.8% of nurses had high levels of fear of future workplace violence (no aggression group: 60.2%; non-physical violence group: 75.6%; physical violence group: 70.8%). Compared with low levels of FFWV, high levels of FFWV were associated with more depressive symptoms among nurses in the no aggression group (odds ratio [OR] = 3.269, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.102-9.695) and in the non-physical violence group (OR = 2.338, 95% CI: 1.385-3.945). CONCLUSION Nurses who had experienced physical violence had the most depressive symptoms and nurses with experience of non-physical violence had the greatest FFWV. Our findings suggested that there was a significant association between FFWV and depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses in the no aggression and non-physical violence groups. Hospital administrators need to address FFWV needs when developing strategies to reduce depressive symptoms among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Fu
- Department of Health Service and Management, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xuedan Cui
- Office of Physician Training, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Minxiang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No.661, 2nd Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China.
| | - Fenglin Cao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Timmins F, Catania G, Zanini M, Ottonello G, Napolitano F, Musio ME, Aleo G, Sasso L, Bagnasco A. Nursing management of emergency department violence-Can we do more? J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:1487-1494. [PMID: 35102617 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency departments are the services with the highest risk of violence for nurses. Reports of violence in health care have increased exponentially in the last decade. Front line hospital services are more at risk, and worldwide there are attempts to quantify, manage and prevent episodes of violence, but no consistent solutions have yet been identified. AIMS To stimulate reflection on causal factors of violence against nurses in emergency departments and discuss potential solutions and strategies for aspects that largely remain unresolved. DESIGN A position paper underpinned by experiences and evidence reported in the literature. METHODS A search of Scopus and CINAHL using the term 'violence' provided information concerning the prevalence of the term 'violence' in contemporary literature and enabled to capture a general overview of contributing factors of violence and current approaches to its management and prevention. CONCLUSIONS However, while risk factors have been identified, there is a tendency to over accentuate the extent of their contribution. The main risk factors present conditions related to or accompanied by mental illness and the impact of overcrowding and long waiting times. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE More is needed in terms of implementation of more far-reaching, holistic, practical and effective management solutions to promote nurses' safety and adequately support vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Timmins
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gianluca Catania
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Milko Zanini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ottonello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Emma Musio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aleo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Loredana Sasso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Guay S, Lemyre A, Guédé R, Juster RP, Geoffrion S. Prospective effects of peer support and gender roles on the mental health and work functioning of child protection workers exposed to potentially traumatic events. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 137:106033. [PMID: 36682194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child protection workers (CPWs) are regularly exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), especially, aggressive behaviors from the service users. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a peer support program on the mental health and work functioning of CPWs exposed to a PTE, while considering the moderating effect of gender roles. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were recruited in two youth social services centers (YSS) in Canada and assessed one month (n = 176), two months (n = 168), six months (n = 162), and 12 months (n = 161) following exposure to a PTE. Three groups were formed: workers from the first YSS who received peer support (intervention group), workers from the first YSS who did not receive peer support (first control group), and workers from the second YSS where no peer support program was available (second control group). METHODS Linear mixed models were used to compare the three groups across time. RESULTS The intervention group did not differ from the control groups on any outcome variables at any time points. Gender roles did not moderate any effect. However, compared with the first control group, the intervention group scored lower on masculine gender roles, suggesting that lower masculinity may facilitate help seeking behaviors. CONCLUSION The results point toward the need to improve the peer support intervention, to complement this intervention with other forms of support, and to promote organizational changes that would favor the workers' well-being and facilitate their recovery following a PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Guay
- Trauma Studies Centre, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Lemyre
- Trauma Studies Centre, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rocio Guédé
- School of Psychoeduction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steve Geoffrion
- Trauma Studies Centre, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Psychoeduction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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26
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How Does Workplace Violence–Reporting Culture Affect Workplace Violence, Nurse Burnout, and Patient Safety? J Nurs Care Qual 2023; 38:11-18. [DOI: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bekalu YE, Wudu MA. Prevalence of Workplace Violence and Associated Factors Against Nurses Working in Public Hospitals in Northeastern Ethiopia, 2022. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231171776. [PMID: 37250765 PMCID: PMC10210530 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231171776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace violence against nurses is a burgeoning public health issue affecting developing countries' healthcare industries. Medical staff, particularly nursing staff, have been subjected to a high level of violence from patients, visitors, and coworkers. Objective Aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of workplace violence among nurses working in public hospitals in northeast Ethiopia. Methods A multicenter hospital-based cross-sectional study was employed among 568 nurses using census method among public hospitals in Northeast Ethiopia in 2022. The data was gathered using a pretested structured questionnaire and entered into Epi Data version 4.7 before being exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Furthermore, at 95% CI, multivariable binary logistic regression was used, and variables with P-values of <.05 were found to be significant. Result Out of the total 534 respondents, 56% had been exposed to workplace violence in the past 12 months, with verbal abuse accounting for 264 (49.4%), physical abuse 112 (21%), bullying 93 (17.2%), and sexual harassment 40 (7.5%). Being female nurses (adjusted odds ratio [AOR = 4.85, 95% CI (3.178, 7.412)]), having an age > 41 [AOR = 2.27, 95% CI (1.101, 4.701)], nurses who had drunk alcohol in the past 30 days [AOR = 7.94, 95% CI (3.027, 20.86)], nurses who drink alcohol in their lifetime [AOR = 3.14, 95% CI (1.328, 7.435)], and male patients [AOR = 4.84, 95% CI (2.496, 9.415)] were positive predictors of workplace violence. Conclusion and recommendation In this study, the magnitude of workplace violence among nurses was relatively higher. Nurses' sex, age, alcohol habit, and sex of patients were associated with workplace violence. Therefore, intensive facility-based and community-based behavioral change health promotion activities on workplace violence should be done, with particular focus on nurses and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemane Eshetu Bekalu
- Department of Public Health, ALKAN
Health Science Business Technology College, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Amare Wudu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child
Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Dafny HA, Chamberlain D, Parry YK, Beccaria G. Do nurses receive any support following incidents of workplace violence? A qualitative study. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:1843-1851. [PMID: 35733397 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aim to investigate nurses' perceptions of support after incidences of Workplace Violence. BACKGROUND Nurses experience workplace violence daily. Adequate support following incidents of violence can reduce adverse impacts. Current support systems for coping with workplace violence are lacking. METHODS Focus group interviews were conducted with 23 nurses working in a regional Queensland Hospital. Qualitative data was transcribed and thematically analyzed to determine themes. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist was followed. RESULTS The primary source of support after a violent incident was from other nurses. Support was needed immediately to empower nurses to be able to continue their caring role. Often the support was not provided nor were nurses aware of the support services available. Although personal family and friends were a valuable support, most nurses were reluctant to disclose their experiences to protect them. CONCLUSIONS This paper discusses nurses' experience of support following violence incidents at work as part of findings from a more extensive study that explored the perceptions of nurses regarding violence, strategies and support in a regional Queensland Hospital. Hospital support following a violent incident was perceived as inadequate and nurses felt unsupported immediately following an incident. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT After an incidence of workplace violence, appropriate effective support may mitigate the enduring impacts of experiencing violence. There is the need for hospital management to provide effective support services and improve staff awareness of available support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Ariela Dafny
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Diane Chamberlain
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yvonne Karen Parry
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin Beccaria
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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29
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de Barbieri I, Buja A, Noble H, Strini V. Violence and aggression prevention and management strategies in renal units: a survey after 10 years. J Ren Care 2022; 48:207-214. [PMID: 35322934 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing is considered the healthcare profession at most risk of violence. Violence in the workplace is a complex construct difficult to manage and against health workers has implications for the entire health system. A limited number of studies have evaluated this phenomenon in renal units, and there has been little related work since Zampieron's study of 2010. OBJECTIVES To describe prevention and management strategies 10 years after the last survey of Zampieron and to identify what has changed in the management of violence. DESIGN An observational, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample including all nurses participating in the European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association Conference of 2019, who understand the English language and have a smartphone or tablet. MEASUREMENTS A questionnaire developed by Zampieron was used. The first part collected data concerning the characteristics of the participants' workplace; the second part included closed questions focused on the strategies of management and prevention of violence. RESULTS Violence is still a frequent event in renal units, despite measures adopted as education, training, formal incident reporting procedures and indoor safety measures. Much more has been invested in recent years in the prevention of violence in the workplace through specific courses, which have led to greater complaints and reporting of episodes. CONCLUSIONS This study shows how actions regarding prevention and management of violence towards nurses have been implemented in renal units over the last 10 years and it suggests the greatest investment in recent years has been made in terms of staff training and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria de Barbieri
- Healthcare Profession Department, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Buja
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraco-Vascolari e Sanità Pubblica, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Helen Noble
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Veronica Strini
- Clinical Research Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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30
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Ebrahimi Rigi Z, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Ahmadi F, Ravari A. Self-Sacrifice in a Distressful and Threatening Environment: The Consequences of the COVID-19 Crisis in Intensifying Workplace Violence. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:848059. [PMID: 35664478 PMCID: PMC9157344 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.848059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stress and mental pressure resulting from the challenges posed by the COVID-19 crisis exacerbated occupational stressors such as workplace violence against nurses even though nurses were endangering their lives to provide high-quality care and reduce patients' suffering. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain Iranian nurses' experiences of workplace violence during the COVID-19 crisis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted using a qualitative approach. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses who had experienced workplace violence at COVID-19 referral centers in Kerman during the COVID-19 crisis. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the data, and the research was reported via the COREQ checklist. RESULTS Analysis of the findings led to one main category, "nurses' self-sacrifice in a distressful and threatening environment," and four subcategories, which included "omitting entertainment and fun activities," "having challenging duties in unsafe conditions," "receiving insufficient support," and "nurses' toleration of disrespect." CONCLUSION Crises can exacerbate workplace violence toward nurses. Thus, it is necessary to design educational programs and prevention strategies to manage the destructive psychological and occupational impact of the crises on nurses. Nurses should receive training in crisis management to cope with the intensified aggressive behavior of managers, colleagues, patients, and patient companions during the crisis. Policy-makers must be prepared to deal with crises, and they should take measures to improve nurses' mental health and quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ebrahimi Rigi
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki
- Nursing Research Center, Department of Critical Care Nursing, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fazlollah Ahmadi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ravari
- Geriatric Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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31
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Guay S, Lemyre A, Geoffrion S. Work-related predictors of mental health, presenteeism, and professional quality of life following exposure to a potentially traumatic event in child protection workers. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2037904. [PMID: 35251530 PMCID: PMC8896205 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2037904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) at work can have a negative impact on the psychological health and work life of child protection workers (CPWs). The most common form of work-related PTE experienced by CPWs consists of aggressive behaviours from the youths or their parents. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify modifiable work-related variables that might influence the probability of experiencing impaired mental health and professional adjustment following a PTE. METHOD The participants were CPWs from two youth social services organizations in Canada. A survey was administered to CPWs within one month of a work-related PTE (Time 1; n = 176), two months after the PTE (Time 2; n = 168), six months after the PTE (Time 3; n = 162), and 12 months after the PTE (Time 4; n = 161). Lagged linear mixed models allowed for the independent variables measured at Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3 to predict the outcome variables as measured on the next assessment (Time 2, Time 3, and Time 4, respectively). The outcomes of interest were insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and post-traumatic stress symptoms, as well as presenteeism (inadequate work performance) and professional quality of life. RESULTS Confidence in one's own ability to cope with service user aggression negatively predicted depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms as well as presenteeism, and positively predicted professional quality of life. The perception of job safety negatively predicted depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms, and positively predicted professional quality of life. Finally, psychological demands from work positively predicted all mental health outcomes as well as presenteeism, and negatively predicted professional quality of life. CONCLUSIONS This study identified work-related variables that could be modified in an attempt to prevent the negative impacts of exposure to work-related PTEs, especially, aggressive behaviours from the service users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Guay
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Trauma Studies Centre, Institut universitaire en santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Lemyre
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Trauma Studies Centre, Institut universitaire en santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steve Geoffrion
- Trauma Studies Centre, Institut universitaire en santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Tabakakis CK, Mcallister M, Bradshaw J. Exploring resilience and workplace adversity in registered nurses: A qualitative analysis. Nurs Health Sci 2021; 24:174-182. [PMID: 34914156 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore New Zealand registered nurses' experiences of resilience and workplace adversity. Resilience research in nursing has concentrated on quantitative and individual aspects. Contextual factors have been largely ignored. This study addresses this gap by qualitatively researching and documenting nurses' experiences of resilience and workplace adversity. An online survey of New Zealand registered nurses was conducted in 2018. Qualitative responses were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method. Three themes emerged: 1) perseverance, 2) how the past influences my present resilience, and 3) things I do to stay strong. Nurses rely on personal resilience to overcome workplace adversity. Health service organizations must implement policies and procedures that: 1) reduce workplace adversity and 2) encourage and develop strategies for nurses to individually and collectively face adversity with resilience. Future research needs to explore how healthcare organizations can modify existing systems and structures to align with nurses' efforts to sustain and develop resilience. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantinos Kosta Tabakakis
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, CQUniversity, Noosa, Australia.,Research and Innovation, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret Mcallister
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, CQUniversity, Noosa, Australia
| | - Julie Bradshaw
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, Australia
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Molloy R, Brand G, Munro I, Pope N. Seeing the complete picture: A systematic review of mental health consumer and health professional experiences of diagnostic overshadowing. J Clin Nurs 2021; 32:1662-1673. [PMID: 34873769 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically identify, explore and synthesise qualitative data related to mental health consumer and health professional experiences of diagnostic overshadowing. BACKGROUND Mental health consumers experience significantly high rates of physical illness, poorer health outcomes and are more likely to die prematurely of physical illnesses than the general population. Diagnostic overshadowing is a complex and life-threatening phenomenon that occurs when physical symptoms reported by mental health consumers are misattributed to mental disorders by health professionals. This typically occurs in general healthcare settings. METHODS Drawing on JBI methodology for systematic reviews, four scholarly databases and grey literature was searched, followed by eligibility screening and quality assessment using JBI QARI frameworks, resulting in six studies for inclusion. Findings were synthesised using meta-aggregation. The PRISMA checklist was adhered to throughout this process. FINDINGS Five synthesised findings emerged. Three from the health professional experience: working in ill-suited healthcare systems, missing the complete diagnostic picture, and misunderstanding the lived experience of mental illness. Two from the mental health consumer experience: not knowing if the cause is physical or mental, and surviving and ill-suited health care system. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic overshadowing is a multidimensional experience of interconnecting factors including systematic healthcare system issues, health professionals limited mental health knowledge and skills, stigmatic attitudes and mental health consumers miscommunicating their physical healthcare needs. Further research is needed to make diagnostic overshadowing visible and mitigate against this phenomenon that deprives mental health consumers of equitable access to quality healthcare. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Those who govern healthcare systems have an obligation to recognise and address the unique needs of mental health consumers who seek help for physical illnesses to ensure they receive quality and safe care. Forming collaborative partnerships with mental health consumers in the development of knowledge translation initiatives targeting healthcare policy, practice and education are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Molloy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Brand
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Munro
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Pope
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Western Australian Group for Evidence Informed Healthcare Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Dunsford J. Nursing violent patients: Vulnerability and the limits of the duty to provide care. Nurs Inq 2021; 29:e12453. [PMID: 34398479 PMCID: PMC9286030 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The duty to provide care is foundational to the nursing profession and the work of nurses. Unfortunately, violence against nurses at the hands of recipients of care is increasingly common. While employers, labor unions, and professional associations decry the phenomenon, the decision to withdraw care, even from someone who is violent or abusive, is never easy. The scant guidance that exists suggests that the duty to care continues until the risk of harm to the nurse is unreasonable, however, “reasonableness” remains undefined in the literature. In this paper, I suggest that reasonable risk, and the resulting strength of the duty to provide care in situations where violence is present, hinge on the vulnerability of both nurse and recipient of care. For the recipient, vulnerability increases with the level of dependency and incapacity. For the nurse, vulnerability is related to the risk and implications of injury. The complex interplay of contextual vulnerabilities determines whether the risk a nurse faces at the hands of a violent patient is reasonable or unreasonable. This examination will enhance our understanding of professional responsibilities and can help to clarify the strengths and limitations of the nurse's duty to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dunsford
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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35
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Brunero S, Lamont S, Dunn S, Varndell W, Dickens GL. Examining the utility of the Violence Prevention Climate scale: In a metropolitan Australian general hospital. J Clin Nurs 2021; 30:2399-2408. [PMID: 33872428 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate and examine the utility of the Violence Prevention Climate scale by generalist healthcare professionals. BACKGROUND Workplace violence in general hospital settings remains a challenge for healthcare organisations. High rates of violence are still being reported towards healthcare workers, despite organisational violence prevention strategies being implemented. There is a major challenge to healthcare organisation in the measurement of the effectiveness of these interventions, traditionally completed via the reporting and monitoring of workplace violent incidents. A novel approach to measuring workplace violence is by studying hospital atmosphere or climate. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey using the STARD guidelines was used. METHODS The Violence Prevention Climate scale was completed by 194 healthcare staff working in the emergency department, medical/surgical wards, respiratory/infectious disease, spinal care, renal unit, corrections health, and rehabilitation and community services of a major Australian tertiary referral hospital. The Violence Prevention Climate scale has previously been validated and used in mental health settings, but not general hospital settings. A content analysis of an open-ended question on violence prevention management strategies was also conducted. RESULTS Comprising of 14 items with two factors (patients and staff), the study revealed a 9-item staff factor scale that can be used in the general hospital setting, the patient factor did not show adequate reliability. The content analysis revealed seven categories of staff identified violence prevention and management strategies. CONCLUSIONS The use of the 9-item scale across an organisation annually, or added to existing organisational workforce surveys, could prove to be practical way of measuring the social climate of violence in a general hospital setting. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results of which could guide clinical practice, workplace safety, policy and educational initiatives for the prevention and management of workplace violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Brunero
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Southern Cross University, East Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Lamont
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Southern Cross University, East Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Dunn
- CNC Respiratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wayne Varndell
- Emergency Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffrey L Dickens
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
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