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Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M, Bunting KV, Casado-Arroyo R, Caso V, Crijns HJGM, De Potter TJR, Dwight J, Guasti L, Hanke T, Jaarsma T, Lettino M, Løchen ML, Lumbers RT, Maesen B, Mølgaard I, Rosano GMC, Sanders P, Schnabel RB, Suwalski P, Svennberg E, Tamargo J, Tica O, Traykov V, Tzeis S, Kotecha D. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 2024:ehae176. [PMID: 39210723 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
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Mehaffey JH, Kawsara M, Jagadeesan V, Chauhan D, Hayanga JWA, Mascio CE, Wei L, Rankin JS, Daggubati R, Badhwar V. Atrial Fibrillation Management During Surgical vs Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 118:421-428. [PMID: 38570109 PMCID: PMC11269036 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Societal guidelines support atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment during surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Recently, many patients with AF at low to intermediate risk are managed by transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Therefore, we evaluated longitudinal outcomes in these populations. METHODS The United States Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services inpatient claims database was evaluated for all beneficiaries with AF undergoing TAVR or SAVR with/without AF treatment (2018-2020). Treatment of AF included concomitant left atrial appendage obliteration, with/without surgical ablation, or endovascular appendage occlusion and/or catheter ablation at any time. Diagnosis-related group and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes defined procedures with doubly robust risk adjustment across each group. RESULTS A total of 24,902 patients were evaluated (17,453 TAVR; 7,449 SAVR). Of patients undergoing SAVR, 3176 (42.6%) underwent AF treatment (SAVR+AF). Only 656 TAVR patients (4.5%) received AF treatment. Comparing well-balanced SAVR+AF vs SAVR vs TAVR, there were no differences in the in-hospital incidence of renal failure, bleeding, or stroke, but increased pacemaker requirement (odds ratio [OR], 3.45; P < .0001) and vascular injury (OR, 9.09; P < .0001) were noted in TAVR and higher hospital mortality (OR, 4.02; P < .0001) in SAVR+AF. SAVR+AF was associated with lower readmission for stroke compared with SAVR alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; P = .029) and TAVR (HR, 0.68; P < .0001) and with improved survival vs TAVR (HR, 0.79; P = .019). CONCLUSIONS In Medicare beneficiaries with AF requiring aortic valve replacement, SAVR+AF was associated with improved longitudinal survival and freedom from stroke compared with TAVR. SAVR+AF treatment should be considered first-line therapy for patients with AF requiring aortic valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hunter Mehaffey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
| | - Mohammad Kawsara
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Vikrant Jagadeesan
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Dhaval Chauhan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - J W Awori Hayanga
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Christopher E Mascio
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Lawrence Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - J Scott Rankin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ramesh Daggubati
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Vinay Badhwar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Wyler von Ballmoos MC, Hui DS, Mehaffey JH, Malaisrie SC, Vardas PN, Gillinov AM, Sundt TM, Badhwar V. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 118:291-310. [PMID: 38286206 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation incorporate the most recent evidence for surgical ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion in different clinical scenarios. Substantial new evidence regarding the risks and benefits of surgical left atrial appendage occlusion and the long-term benefits of surgical ablation has been produced in the last 5 years. Compared with the 2017 clinical practice guideline, the current update has an emphasis on surgical ablation in first-time, nonemergent cardiac surgery and its long-term benefits, an extension of the recommendation to perform surgical ablation in all patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing first-time, nonemergent cardiac surgery, and a new class I recommendation for left atrial appendage occlusion in all patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing first-time, nonemergent cardiac surgery. Further guidance is provided for patients with structural heart disease and atrial fibrillation being considered for transcatheter valve repair or replacement, as well as patients in need of isolated left atrial appendage management who are not candidates for surgical ablation. The importance of a multidisciplinary team assessment, treatment planning, and long-term follow-up are reiterated in this clinical practice guideline with a class I recommendation, along with the other recommendations from the 2017 guidelines that remained unchanged in their class of recommendation and level of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawn S Hui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - J Hunter Mehaffey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - S Chris Malaisrie
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Panos N Vardas
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - A Marc Gillinov
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thoralf M Sundt
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vinay Badhwar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Dąbrowski EJ, Kurasz A, Pasierski M, Pannone L, Kołodziejczak MM, Raffa GM, Matteucci M, Mariani S, de Piero ME, La Meir M, Maesen B, Meani P, McCarthy P, Cox JL, Lorusso R, Kuźma Ł, Rankin SJ, Suwalski P, Kowalewski M. Surgical Coronary Revascularization in Patients With Underlying Atrial Fibrillation: State-of-the-Art Review. Mayo Clin Proc 2024; 99:955-970. [PMID: 38661599 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The number of individuals referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is reported to be 8% to 20%. Atrial fibrillation is a known marker of high-risk patients as it was repeatedly found to negatively influence survival. Therefore, when performing surgical revascularization, consideration should be given to the concomitant treatment of the arrhythmia, the clinical consequences of the arrhythmia itself, and the selection of adequate surgical techniques. This state-of-the-art review aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of, advancements in, and optimal strategies for CABG in patients with underlying AF. The following topics are considered: stroke prevention, prophylaxis and occurrence of postoperative AF, the role of surgical ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion, and an on-pump vs off-pump strategy. Multiple acute complications can occur in patients with preexisting AF undergoing CABG, each of which can have a significant effect on patient outcomes. Long-term results in these patients and the future perspectives of this scientific area were also addressed. Preoperative arrhythmia should always be considered for surgical ablation because such an approach improves prognosis without increasing perioperative risk. While planning a revascularization strategy, it should be noted that although off-pump coronary artery bypass provides better short-term outcomes, conventional on-pump approach may be beneficial at long-term follow-up. By collecting the current evidence, addressing knowledge gaps, and offering practical recommendations, this state-of-the-art review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians involved in the management of patients with AF undergoing CABG, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes and enhanced patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil J Dąbrowski
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Kurasz
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Pasierski
- Clinical Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland; Thoracic Research Centre, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Innovative Medical Forum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Luigi Pannone
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michalina M Kołodziejczak
- Thoracic Research Centre, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Innovative Medical Forum, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No.1, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Giuseppe M Raffa
- Thoracic Research Centre, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Innovative Medical Forum, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Matteucci
- Thoracic Research Centre, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Innovative Medical Forum, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Circolo Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Mariani
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiac Surgery Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria E de Piero
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark La Meir
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Maesen
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Meani
- Thoracic Research Centre, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Innovative Medical Forum, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Policlinico, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick McCarthy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - James L Cox
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Łukasz Kuźma
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Scott J Rankin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Piotr Suwalski
- Clinical Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kowalewski
- Clinical Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland; Thoracic Research Centre, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Innovative Medical Forum, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy; Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Rose DZ, DiGiorgi P, Ramlawi B, Pulungan Z, Teigland C, Calkins H. Minimally invasive epicardial surgical left atrial appendage exclusion for atrial fibrillation patients at high risk for stroke and for bleeding. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:771-779. [PMID: 38296011 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients at high risk for stroke and for bleeding may be unsuitable for either oral anticoagulation or endocardial left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion. However, minimally invasive, epicardial left atrial appendage exclusion (LAAE) may be an option. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of LAAE in high-risk AF patients not receiving oral anticoagulation. METHODS A retrospective analysis of Medicare claims data was conducted to evaluate thromboembolic events in AF patients who underwent LAAE compared to a 1:4 propensity score-matched group of patients who did not receive LAAE (control). Neither group was receiving any oral anticoagulation at baseline or follow-up. Fine-Gray models estimated hazard ratios and evaluated between-group differences. Bootstrapping was applied to generate 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The LAAE group (n = 243) was 61% male (mean age 75 years). AF was nonparoxysmal in 70% (mean CHA2DS2-VASc score 5.4; mean HAS-BLED score 4.2). The matched control group (n = 972) had statistically similar characteristics. One-year adjusted estimates of thromboembolic events were 7.3% (95% CI 4.3%-11.1%) in the LAAE group and 12.1% (95% CI 9.5%-14.8%) in the control group. Absolute risk reduction was 4.8% (95% CI 0.6%-8.9%; P = .028). Adjusted hazard ratio for thromboembolic events for LAAE vs non-LAAE was 0.672 (95% CI 0.394-1.146). CONCLUSION In AF patients not taking oral anticoagulation who are at high risk for stroke and for bleeding, minimally invasive, thoracoscopic, epicardial LAAE was associated with a lower rate of thromboembolic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z Rose
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
| | | | - Basel Ramlawi
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Main Line Health, Philadelphia, Philadelphia
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Madsen CL, Park-Hansen J, Hadad R, Greve AM, Domínguez H. The left atrial appendage closure by surgery 2 trial: statistical analysis plan for a randomized multicenter trial exploring if the closure of the left atrial appendage during open-heart surgery reduces stroke irrespective of patients' stroke risk and preoperative atrial fibrillation status. Trials 2024; 25:317. [PMID: 38741218 PMCID: PMC11092018 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical left atrial appendage (LAA) closure concomitant to open-heart surgery prevents thromboembolism in high-risk patients. Nevertheless, high-level evidence does not exist for LAA closure performed in patients with any CHA2DS2-VASc score and preoperative atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF) status-the current trial attempts to provide such evidence. METHODS The study is designed as a randomized, open-label, blinded outcome assessor, multicenter trial of adult patients undergoing first-time elective open-heart surgery. Patients with and without AF and any CHA2DS2-VASc score will be enrolled. The primary exclusion criteria are planned LAA closure, planned AF ablation, or ongoing endocarditis. Before randomization, a three-step stratification process will sort patients by site, surgery type, and preoperative or expected oral anticoagulation treatment. Patients will undergo balanced randomization (1:1) to LAA closure on top of the planned cardiac surgery or standard care. Block sizes vary from 8 to 16. Neurologists blinded to randomization will adjudicate the primary outcome of stroke, including transient ischemic attack (TIA). The secondary outcomes include a composite outcome of stroke, including TIA, and silent cerebral infarcts, an outcome of ischemic stroke, including TIA, and a composite outcome of stroke and all-cause mortality. LAA closure is expected to provide a 60% relative risk reduction. In total, 1500 patients will be randomized and followed for 2 years. DISCUSSION The trial is expected to help form future guidelines within surgical LAA closure. This statistical analysis plan ensures transparency of analyses and limits potential reporting biases. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03724318. Registered 26 October 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03724318 . PROTOCOL VERSION https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2023.06.003 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer L Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Park-Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rakin Hadad
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders M Greve
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helena Domínguez
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mehaffey JH, Hayanga JWA, Wei LM, Chauhan D, Mascio CE, Rankin JS, Badhwar V. Concomitant Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117:942-949. [PMID: 38101594 PMCID: PMC11055678 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Societal guidelines support concomitant management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. To assess real-world adoption and outcomes, this study evaluated Medicare beneficiaries with AF who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with surgical ablation (SA) or left atrial appendage obliteration (LAAO) or both procedures in combination (SA + LAAO). METHODS The US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services inpatient claims database identified all patients with AF who underwent isolated CABG from 2018 to 2020. Diagnosis-related group and International Classification of Diseases-10th revision procedure codes defined covariates for doubly robust risk adjustment. RESULTS A total of 19,524 patients with preoperative AF who underwent isolated CABG were stratified by SA + LAAO (3475 patients; 17.8%), LAAO only (4541 patients; 23.3%), or no AF treatment (11,508 patients; 58.9%). After doubly robust risk adjustment, longitudinal analysis highlighted that concomitant AF treatment with SA + LAAO (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; P = .049) or LAAO alone (HR, 0.75; P = . 031) was associated with a significant reduction in readmission for stroke at 3 years compared with no AF treatment. Furthermore, SA + LAAO (HR, 0.86; P = .016) but not LAAO alone (HR, 0.97; P = .573) was associated with improved survival compared with no AF treatment. Finally, SA + LAAO was associated with a superior composite outcome of freedom from stroke or death at 3 years compared with LAAO alone (HR, 0.86;, P = .033) or no AF treatment (HR, 0.81; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS In Medicare beneficiaries with AF who underwent isolated CABG, concomitant AF treatment was associated with reduced 3-year readmission for stroke. SA + LAAO was associated with superior reduction in stroke or death at 3 years compared with LAAO alone or no AF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hunter Mehaffey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
| | - J W Awori Hayanga
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Lawrence M Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Dhaval Chauhan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Christopher E Mascio
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - J Scott Rankin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Vinay Badhwar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Madsen CL, Park-Hansen J, Irmukhamedov A, Carranza CL, Rafiq S, Rodriguez-Lecoq R, Palmer-Camino N, Modrau IS, Hansson EC, Jeppsson A, Hadad R, Moya-Mitjans A, Greve AM, Christensen R, Carstensen HG, Høst NB, Dixen U, Torp-Pedersen C, Køber L, Gögenur I, Truelsen TC, Kruuse C, Sajadieh A, Domínguez H. The left atrial appendage closure by surgery-2 (LAACS-2) trial protocol rationale and design of a randomized multicenter trial investigating if left atrial appendage closure prevents stroke in patients undergoing open-heart surgery irrespective of preoperative atrial fibrillation status and stroke risk. Am Heart J 2023; 264:133-142. [PMID: 37302738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current recommendations regarding the use of surgical left atrial appendage (LAA) closure to prevent thromboembolisms lack high-level evidence. Patients undergoing open-heart surgery often have several cardiovascular risk factors and a high occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF)-with a high recurrence rate-and are thus at a high risk of stroke. Therefore, we hypothesized that concomitant LAA closure during open-heart surgery will reduce mid-term risk of stroke independently of preoperative AF status and CHA2DS2-VASc score. METHODS This protocol describes a randomized multicenter trial. Consecutive participants ≥18 years scheduled for first-time planned open-heart surgery from cardiac surgery centers in Denmark, Spain, and Sweden are included. Both patients with a previous diagnosis of paroxysmal or chronic AF, as well as those without AF, are eligible to participate, irrespective of their CHA2DS2-VASc score. Patients already planned for ablation or LAA closure during surgery, with current endocarditis, or where follow-up is not possible are considered noneligible. Patients are stratified by site, surgery type, and preoperative or planned oral anticoagulation treatment. Subsequently, patients are randomized 1:1 to either concomitant LAA closure or standard care (ie, open LAA). The primary outcome is stroke, including transient ischemic attack, as assigned by 2 independent neurologists blinded to the treatment allocation. To recognize a 60% relative risk reduction of the primary outcome with LAA closure, 1,500 patients are randomized and followed for 2 years (significance level of 0.05 and power of 90%). CONCLUSIONS The LAACS-2 trial is likely to impact the LAA closure approach in most patients undergoing open-heart surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03724318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Læssøe Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Park-Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Akhmadjon Irmukhamedov
- Department of Heart, Lung, and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Lildal Carranza
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sulman Rafiq
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ivy Susanne Modrau
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emma C Hansson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rakin Hadad
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Møller Greve
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin Christensen
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Rheumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Helle Gervig Carstensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nis Baun Høst
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dixen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Thomas Clement Truelsen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ahmad Sajadieh
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helena Domínguez
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Dewan KC, Soltesz EG, Ferguson M, Gillinov M. Reply: Improved outcomes in CABG patients with atrial fibrillation associated with surgical left atrial appendage exclusion. J Card Surg 2022; 37:4002. [PMID: 36040664 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krish C Dewan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward G Soltesz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Ferguson
- Department of Health Economics and Reimbursement, AtriCure, Minnetonka, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marc Gillinov
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Vasavada A, Velastegui JL. Improved outcomes in CABG patients with atrial fibrillation associated with surgical left atrial appendage exclusion. J Card Surg 2022; 37:3453. [DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Madsen CV, Park-Hansen J, Holme SJV, Irmukhamedov A, Carranza CL, Greve AM, Al-Farra G, Riis RGC, Nilsson B, Clausen JSR, Nørskov AS, Kruuse C, Truelsen TC, Dominguez H. Randomized Trial of Surgical Left Atrial Appendage Closure: Protection Against Cerebrovascular Events. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 35:664-672. [PMID: 35777693 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Following open-heart surgery, atrial fibrillation and stroke occur frequently. Left atrial appendage closure added to elective open-heart surgery could reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. We aim to examine if routine closure of the left atrial appendage in patients undergoing open-heart surgery provides long-term protection against cerebrovascular events independently of atrial fibrillation history, stroke risk, and oral anticoagulation use. Long-term follow-up of patients enrolled in the prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded evaluation trial entitled left atrial appendage closure by surgery (NCT02378116). Patients were stratified by oral anticoagulation status and randomized (1:1) to left atrial appendage closure in addition to elective open-heart surgery vs standard care. The primary composite endpoint was ischemic stroke events, transient ischemic attacks, and imaging findings of silent cerebral ischemic lesions. Two neurologists blinded for treatment assignment adjudicated cerebrovascular events. In total, 186 patients (82% males) were reviewed. At baseline, mean (standard deviation (SD)) age was68 (9) years and 13.4% (n = 25/186) had been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] CHA2DS2-VASc was 3 [2,4] and 25.9% (n = 48/186) were receiving oral anticoagulants. Mean follow-up was 6.2 (2.5) years. The left atrial appendage closure group experienced fewer cerebrovascular events; intention-to-treat 11 vs 19 (P = 0.033, n = 186) and per-protocol 9 vs 17 (P = 0.186, n = 141). Left atrial appendage closure as an add-on open-heart surgery, regardless of pre-surgery atrial fibrillation and oral anticoagulation status, seems safe and may reduce cerebrovascular events in long-term follow-up. More extensive randomized clinical trials investigating left atrial appendage closure in patients without atrial fibrillation and high stroke risk are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer V Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Park-Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne J V Holme
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Akhmadjon Irmukhamedov
- Department of Heart, Lung, and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian L Carranza
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders M Greve
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Gina Al-Farra
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Robert G C Riis
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet-Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Nilsson
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Johan S R Clausen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne S Nørskov
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Thomas C Truelsen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Churyla A, Passman R, McCarthy PM, Kislitsina ON, Kruse J, Cox JL. Staged hybrid totally thoracoscopic maze and catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2022; 33:1961-1965. [PMID: 35695792 PMCID: PMC9544946 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing health problem and is associated with increased risk of stroke. The Cox-Maze surgical procedure has offered the highest success rate, but utilization of this technique is low due to procedure invasiveness and complexity. Advances in catheter ablation and minimally invasive surgical techniques offer new options for AF treatment. METHODS In this review, we describe current trends and outcomes of minimally invasive treatment of persistent and long-standing persistent AF. RESULTS Treatment of persistent and long-standing persistent AF can be successfully treated using a team approach combining cardiac surgery and electrophysiology procedures. With this approach, the 1-year freedom from AF off antiarrhythmic drugs was 85%. DISCUSSION There are a variety of techniques and approaches used around the world as technology evolves to help develop new treatment strategies for AF. Our report will focus on a hybrid treatment approach using surgical and electrophysiology approaches providing enhanced treatment options by replicating Cox-Maze IV lesions using skills from each specialty. Closure of the left atrial appendage as part of these procedures enhances protection from late stroke. A team approach provides a cohesive evaluation, treatment, and monitoring plan for patients. Development of successful, less invasive treatment options will help address the growing population of patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Churyla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rod Passman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick M McCarthy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Olga N Kislitsina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jane Kruse
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James L Cox
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Doenst T, Schneider U, Can T, Caldonazo T, Diab M, Siemeni T, Färber G, Kirov H. Cardiac Surgery 2021 Reviewed. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 70:278-288. [PMID: 35537447 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PubMed displayed more than 35,000 hits for the search term "cardiac surgery AND 2021." We used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) approach and selected relevant publications for a results-oriented summary. As in recent years, we reviewed the fields of coronary and conventional valve surgery and their overlap with their interventional alternatives. COVID reduced cardiac surgical activity around the world. In the coronary field, the FAME 3 trial dominated publications by practically repeating SYNTAX, but with modern stents and fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). PCI was again unable to achieve non-inferiority compared with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in patients with triple-vessel disease. Survival advantages of CABG over PCI could be linked to a reduction in myocardial infarctions and current terminology was criticized because the term "myocardial revascularization" is not precise and does not reflect the infarct-preventing collateralization effect of CABG. In structural heart disease, new guidelines were published, providing upgrades of interventional treatments of both aortic and mitral valve disease. While for aortic stenosis, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) received a primary recommendation in older and high-risk patients; recommendations for transcatheter mitral edge-to-edge treatment were upgraded for patients considered inappropriate for surgery. For heart team discussions it is important to know that classic aortic valve replacement currently provides strong signals (from registry and randomized evidence) for a survival advantage over TAVI after 5 years. This article summarizes publications perceived as important by us. It can neither be complete nor free of individual interpretation, but provides up-to-date information for decision-making and patient information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schneider
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tolga Can
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tulio Caldonazo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Diab
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thierry Siemeni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gloria Färber
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hristo Kirov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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