Factors influencing job satisfaction among registered nurses: a questionnaire survey in Mashhad, Iran

Job satisfaction, professional competence, and self-efficacy: a multicenter cross-sectional study among registered nurses in Sweden and Norway

BACKGROUND

Healthcare organizations worldwide face persistent challenges relating to turnover and intention to leave the nursing profession among registered nurses. Factors contributing to their retention and well-being at work include high job satisfaction, professional competence, and self-efficacy. Few multicenter studies have investigated these factors in relation to work experience in a Nordic context. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate job satisfaction, professional competence, and self-efficacy among registered nurses.

METHODS

This multicenter cross-sectional study survey was part of a larger overarching Swedish-Norwegian project, and was conducted among registered nurses (n = 1137) in September 2021. The participants worked in a variety of health care units, e.g., hospital units, primary health care, and home care. Data was subjected to descriptive and comparative statistical analysis; chi-square test, one-way between-groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test.

RESULTS

The findings show that job satisfaction is reported as lowest in registered nurses with medium-term work experience as compared to newly qualified and long-term work-experienced registered nurses. Professional competence and self-efficacy are reported as higher among registered nurses with long-term work experience as compared to those with medium-term work experience and newly qualified registered nurses. However, the participants reported their professional competence as highest in relation to the same factor - "Value-based nursing care" - regardless of their work experience.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

This study underscores the need for continuous support and professional development for registered nurses throughout their careers. Proactive support for newly qualified nurses may improve job satisfaction as they progress to being registered nurses with medium-term work experience. Tailored interventions to address the distinct needs of both newly qualified and medium-term work-experienced registered nurses are crucial for nurturing a sustainable nursing workforce.

Factor Affecting the Quality of Work Life Among Nurses: A Systematic Review

Objective

This literature review evaluates the factors that affect nurses' quality of work life with the goal of enhancing their overall well-being, work experience, and creating a more supportive and satisfying work environment in the nursing field.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, SAGE Journal, and Springer were searched for scientific articles on the quality of work life among nurses. After screening and removal of duplicates, we analyzed the full text of the articles to identify potentially relevant studies for eligibility, and then we extracted data from the articles that matched.

Results

The search of the literature resulted in 68 articles. Only 20 articles that met all inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review after full text review.

Conclusion

The literature indicates that nurses' work life quality is affected by three primary factors: personal (socio-demographic), occupational, and psychological. Identifying the factors is critical to finding the right solution for improving work life quality and overcoming factors that decrease nurses' work life quality.

Factors that affect career success of nurses who practice in assisted reproductive technology

to examine the relationship between career success and work environment of nurses who practice in assisted reproductive technology and to identify factors that affect career success. a cross-sectional study conducted in 53 fertility centres in 26 provinces in mainland China. Data were collected using a demographic data questionnaire, a specialised nursing competence questionnaire, the Career-Success Scale, and the Nursing Work Environment Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. 597 assisted reproductive technology nurses participated in our survey, and 555 valid questionnaires were collected. Theoverall mean scores for career success and work environment were 3.75 [standard deviation (SD) = 1.01] and 3.42 (SD = 0.77) respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between career success and work environment (r = 0.742, p < 0.01). Multiple regression showed that attending academic conferences, psychological care, professional development, support and care, salary, and welfare were significant factors that influence career success. attending academic conferences, psychological care, and work environment are positively related to career success. Administrators should consider ways to address these factors.

Factors that affect career success of nurses who practice in assisted reproductive technology

to examine the relationship between career success and work environment of nurses who practice in assisted reproductive technology and to identify factors that affect career success. a cross-sectional study conducted in 53 fertility centres in 26 provinces in mainland China. Data were collected using a demographic data questionnaire, a specialised nursing competence questionnaire, the Career-Success Scale, and the Nursing Work Environment Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. 597 assisted reproductive technology nurses participated in our survey, and 555 valid questionnaires were collected. Theoverall mean scores for career success and work environment were 3.75 [standard deviation (SD) = 1.01] and 3.42 (SD = 0.77) respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between career success and work environment (r = 0.742, p < 0.01). Multiple regression showed that attending academic conferences, psychological care, professional development, support and care, salary, and welfare were significant factors that influence career success. attending academic conferences, psychological care, and work environment are positively related to career success. Administrators should consider ways to address these factors.

What are the predictors and costs of nurse absenteeism at select multicenter government hospitals? A cross-sectional study

Objectives

The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence and cost of absenteeism in nurses as well as the factors that affect absenteeism.

Methods

This is a cross sectional study where a self-administered questionnaire response were obtained from 442 nurses for the previous working in 4 hospitals and 3 primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia. Analyses compared those with zero absences with those with one or more absences per month. Attributable risk was calculated as the difference in the absence percentages among nurses with high-risk exposure and low risk exposure.

Results

The average absence of nurses is 0.62 days per month. This results in an annual loss of around $4 million. The greatest absence frequency was significantly associated with work psychosocial factors. The modifiable factors included the clarity of work responsibilities, rating of managers, work facilities, work environment, transportation difficulties, and work satisfaction. Cost-effectiveness modules for absence intervention programs were built for these factors.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that nurse absenteeism is a costly issue related to work and psychosocial factors. Preventive programs to improve the quality of work life are likely to be cost effective.

Key determinates of job satisfaction for acute care nurse practitioners in Taiwan

BACKGROUND

Taiwan is a super-aged society, and the shortage of hospital doctors; nurse practitioners (NPs) became vital healthcare providers to fulfill the healthcare demands of the population. The purpose of this study was to explore the key determinates of job satisfaction for NPs in acute care practices using significant practice variables, such as empowerment and burnout.

METHODS

Participants of this descriptive survey study were recruited from a national sample of NPs with membership in the Taiwan Association of Nurse Practitioners. The data were collected utilizing an online questionnaire based on demographic and practice variables, the Misener Nurse Practitioner Job Satisfaction Scale (MNPJSS), the Condition for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire II (CWEQ II), and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). A total of 1,211 NPs completed the online survey. A multiple regression model with the stepwise selection was used to explore job satisfaction.

RESULTS

The mean overall satisfaction score indicated that the level of satisfaction was between slightly dissatisfied and slightly satisfied. Regression results indicated that formal power, work-related burnout, access to information, and needed resources were critical components of job satisfaction, and accounted for 63% of the variance. Moreover, NPs who were married, had a higher annual salary, worked only during the day shift, and had lower patients-related burnout showed better job satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides evidence for healthcare organizations to formulate policies to strengthen NP job satisfaction. Empowerment and burnout are vital factors in NPs' job satisfaction. Healthcare organizations have an obligation to implement policies to empower NPs in practice and provide interventions to mitigate burnout. Implementing these changes will improve job satisfaction and with it the quality of patient care.

Application of a Hybrid Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Model for Evaluation and Improvement of Nurses' Job Satisfaction

Background

The global shortage and turnover of nurses is a current challenge. Past studies have shown that nurse job satisfaction may ameliorate nurse shortage. Although there are many studies on the criteria influencing nurses' job satisfaction, few have examined the causal relationships and weight of each criterion from a systematic perspective.

Objective

Identify the key criteria and causal relationships that affect nurses' job satisfaction, and help nurse leaders identify high-weight, high-impact dimensions and contextualize them for improvement.

Methods

The study developed a hybrid multi-criterion decision-making model, which incorporated the McCloskey/Mueller satisfaction 13-item scale (MMSS-13), and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory and the Importance-Performance Analysis methods the model was used to analyze key factors of nurse satisfaction and their interrelationships based on the experience of 15 clinical nurse specialists.

Results

In MMSS-13's dimension level, “satisfaction with work conditions and supervisor support” (C₅) had the highest impact, and “satisfaction with salary and benefits” (C₁) had the highest weight. In criteria level, “salary” (C₁₁), “flexibility in scheduling time off” (C₂₄), “maternity leave time” (C₃₁), “opportunities for social contact after work” (C₄₁), and “your head nurse or facility manager” (C₅₁) had high influence under their corresponding dimensions. The “benefits package” (C₁₃) was the top criterion with the highest impact on MMSS-13.

Conclusions

This study assessed nurses' job satisfaction from a multidimensional perspective and revealed the causal relationships between the dimensions. It refined the assessment of nurse job satisfaction to help nurse leaders better assess nurse job satisfaction and make strategic improvements. The study found that compensation and benefits had the highest weight in nurses' job satisfaction. Meanwhile, support for family responsibilities and working conditions, and support from supervisors were the cause dimensions of job satisfaction. Among the more detailed criteria, salary, benefits package, maternity leave time, and leadership had a greater impact on nurses' job satisfaction. Nurse leaders should start with these dimensions to achieve efficient improvement of nurses' job satisfaction.

Insecure Employment Contracts during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for Participation in Policy Making

Job security influences the ability of nurses to provide high-quality nursing care. The Iranian health system has always faced nursing shortages, and the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened this situation. Although nurses have been labelled 'heroes' across the globe, many of them have been hired using insecure employment contracts. This commentary aims to describe issues surrounding job contracts for Iranian nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses how the current situation can be improved. Iranian nurses are at the frontline of the fight against COVID-19 and need to receive better support in terms of job security and dignity. They should participate more in policymaking activities to improve their job condition and prevent the development and implementation of the short-term and insecure job contracts that lead to job insecurity.

The relationship between workplace deviant behaviors and organizational justice among nurses: A cross-sectional survey

AIM

This study aimed to determine the correlations between workplace deviant behaviors (WDBs) and the levels of the perceived organizational justice among Iranian nurses.

DESIGN

This was a cross-sectional quantitative research.

METHODS

The present research was conducted on 424 nurses selected by a convenience sampling method in 2019 (May-August) in Tabriz, Iran. A self-administered questionnaire, including demographic information, organizational justice, and WDBs, was used for data collection. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis.

RESULTS

Based on the findings, nurses had a moderate level of perception of organizational justice while having a low level of perception regarding the occurrence of WDBs. A significantly reverse correlation was found between perceived organizational justice and WDBs (r = -.295, p <.001). Eventually, the findings of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the level of perceived organizational justice could significantly predict WDBs (the coefficient of determination, R²  = 0.111).

CONCLUSION

The study findings confirmed the hypothesis that an improvement in the levels of organizational justice was related to a decrease in the occurrence of WDBs. Therefore, hospitals and nursing managers are suggested to build and maintain a supportive and healthy work environment to enhance the levels of perceived organizational justice and to minimize the incidence of WDBs. They should also address reward systems, organizational policies and procedures, interpersonal justice, and shared decision-making in this respect.

A model of nurses' intention to care of patients with COVID-19: Mediating roles of job satisfaction and organisational commitment

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

This study aims to test the hypothesis that job satisfaction and organisational commitment might play a mediating roles between workload, quality of supervision, extra-role behaviour, pay satisfaction and intention to care of patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND

Given the high incidence of coronavirus and shortage of nurses in Iranian hospitals, learning about nurses' intention to care for patients with COVID-19 is important.

DESIGN

In this cross-sectional study, 648 Iranian nurses were surveyed during March 2020. The online questionnaire consisted of two parts. The mediating role was explored for the following: job satisfaction and commitment in the association of workload, quality of supervisor, extra-role behaviours, and pay satisfaction with the intention to care. The study adhered to STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies.

RESULTS

The results of this study show that job satisfaction and organisational commitment mediated the relationship of nurses' workload, quality of supervisor, extra-role behaviours, and pay satisfaction with the intention to care for patients with COVID-19.

CONCLUSION

The results of the study indicate the importance of job satisfaction and organisational commitment as mechanisms that help to understand the association of nurses' workload, quality of supervisor, extra-role behaviours and pay satisfaction with the intention to care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Hospital managers need to attend to the role of nurses' job satisfaction and other organisational factors to ensure that they can cope with the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effect of an Ergonomics Educational Program on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nursing Staff Working in the Operating Room: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Nursing staff working in the operating room are exposed to risk factors that can cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and work-related disabilities. The use of ergonomics principles can help with the prevention of MSDs. This study aimed to examine the effect of an ergonomics educational program on MSDs among nursing staff working in the operating room. Methods: In this pragmatic parallel group quasi-randomized controlled clinical trial, 74 nursing staff working in the operating rooms of two teaching hospitals participated. The hospitals were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group and all nursing staff working in the operating room of each hospital were invited to take part in this research. They were initially assessed for the prevalence and risk of MSDs by using the Nordic questionnaire and the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) checklist. The intervention group received the ergonomics educational program and were assessed in two-week intervals over a period of three months. At the end of the study, the risk and prevalence of MSDs were compared between the intervention and control groups. Results: Statistically significant differences were reported between the groups in terms of the prevalence and risk of MSDs. The overall risk of MSDs decreased in the intervention group after the educational program (p = 0.03). The reduction in the prevalence of MSDs in the different parts of the body in the intervention group was as follows: ankle (p = 0.005), hand/wrist (p = 0.041), low back (p = 0.000), the neck (p = 0.003), hip (p = 0.001) and shoulder (p = 0.043). Conclusion: The education of nursing staff about ergonomics can influence the prevalence and risk of MSDs. Therefore, it should be incorporated into the degree education and on-the-job training initiatives for nurses working in the operating theatre in order to reduce workplace injuries and associated absences, and increase the quality of care delivered by them. This clinical trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT2015081823677N1.

Occupational stress and cognitive failure of nurses and associations with self-reported adverse events: A national cross-sectional survey

AIM

To determine correlations for nurse self-reported occupational stress, prevalence of cognitive failure (CF), and adverse events.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional nationwide survey.

METHODS

Tertiary-level public hospitals (N = 115) from 13 provinces in Iran were recruited and 2,895 nurses surveyed (August 2016-December 2017). Participants' self-reported demographic information, occupational stress, CF, and frequency of adverse events were analysed using chi-square, t tests, and binary logistic regression.

RESULTS

This study showed that 29.1% of nurses had experienced adverse events in the past six months. Significant predictors for reported adverse events from logistic regression were 'Role stressors', 'Interpersonal relations stressors', and 'Action', while 'Working environment stressors' was protective for reported adverse events. Demographic predictors of adverse events were longer work hours and male gender, while those working in critical care units, general wards, and other wards had higher reported adverse events than for emergency wards.

CONCLUSIONS

Occupational stress and CF are associated with the reporting of adverse events. Further research is needed to assess interventions to address occupational stress and CF to reduce adverse events.

IMPACT

Adverse events compromise patient safety, lead to increased healthcare costs, and impact nursing staff. Higher self-reported adverse events were associated with higher reported stressors and CF. Understanding the factors that influence occupational stress, CF, and adverse events will support quality patient care and safety.

Occupational stress and associated risk factors among nurses: a cross-sectional study

Background: Nursing can be demanding and stressful with occupational stress posing a serious threat to nurses and patient outcomes. Aims/Objectives: To determine the prevalence of nurses' occupational stress and its associated risk factors. Design: Cross-sectional survey design. Methods: Nurses in 115 tertiary-level hospitals in 13 provinces in Iran were surveyed from August 2016-December 2017. Demographic information and occupational stress were assessed. 5422 distributed questionnaires were distributed with 2895 of returned surveys analyzed. One-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analyses identified risk factors for occupational stress. Results: Mean score for overall occupational stress was 3.48 indicating a stress level between moderate and high, with 78.4% of respondents reporting that their job was stressful. Nurses reported issues with shiftwork, staffing, pay, workplace discrimination, management, policy and excessive workloads as sources of occupational stress. Risk factors in the multivariate analysis for higher occupational stress were female gender (p = .002), being married (p = .008), having lower educational levels (p < .001), increased work hours (p <.001), and working in emergency (p = .025), general wards (p = .012) and teaching hospitals (p < .001). Conclusions: The high prevalence of occupational stress amongst nurses in Iran demonstrates the extent of the issue, with recent reforms not effectively addressing occupational stress. The risk factors identified allow for more targeted interventions.

Quality of work life and factors associated with it among nurses in public hospitals, Iran

BACKGROUND

There is an acute shortage of nurses worldwide including Iran. Quality of work life is important for nurses as it affects the safety and quality of care provided for patients as well as organizational factors. The aim of this study was to describe the status of quality of work life and to explore its predictors among nurses in Iran.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2391 nurses in 85 Iranian public hospitals, selected through the convenience sampling. Data were collected using demographic information and the quality of work life questionnaires.

RESULTS

The mean score for total quality of work life was 2.58, indicating a low level of self-reported quality of work life, with 69.3% of nurses dissatisfied with their work life. The major influencing factors were inadequate and unfair payment, lack of solving staff problems by organization and poor management support, job insecurity, high job stress, unfair promotion policies, and inadequate involvement in the decision-making. Significant predictors in the multivariate analysis for lower quality of work life were male gender, being single, older age, having lower educational levels, and working in teaching hospitals.

CONCLUSION

The quality of nursing work life was at a low level and needs improvement interventions. The predictors identified allow for more targeted interventions. Nursing managers and policymakers should develop and implement successful strategies appropriately to improve the quality of work life. This includes the payments, organizational and managerial support, job security, fair promotion policies, and measures to reduce job stress.

The relationship between emotional labour and job satisfaction in nursing

AIM

To investigate the relationship between emotional labour strategies and job satisfaction among nurses in Turkey.

BACKGROUND

Nursing is one of the professions in which emotional labour is heavily used. The relationship between emotional labour strategies and job satisfaction has many different consequences in nursing.

INTRODUCTION

Although studies have focused on the relationship between emotional labour and job satisfaction among nurses abroad, no studies on the subject have been found in Turkey.

METHODS

A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. The study was conducted with 281 nurses working in a university hospital and three public hospitals in Manisa, Turkey. Research data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Emotional Labour Scale and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used in data evaluation.

RESULTS

Analyses showed that the type of emotional labour strategy most frequently exhibited by nurses was surface acting. In surface acting, behaviours do not reflect employees' true feelings. Job satisfaction of nurses was higher than the medium level. A negative correlation was found between deep acting and job satisfaction. In deep acting, employees try to feel the emotions appropriate to the behaviour expected of them.

DISCUSSION

Nurses' emotional labour may cause some undesirable consequences.

CONCLUSION

Nurses' emotional labour strategies are related to their job satisfaction levels.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY

Managers should be aware of the emotional labour of nurses and its possible negative consequences. Management strategies that target the negative consequences of emotional labour are important not only for the well-being of nurses but also for the quality of patient care.

Job Satisfaction Challenges Of Nurses In The Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Study

Background

Job satisfaction is an important factor in health care settings. This concept is not a single factor; rather, it is the product of factors such as the conditions and relationships that govern the workplace, the organizational system of employment, and social, cultural, and economic factors. Therefore, awareness of its related factors is important for medical staff including nurses in special units and nursing managers. The aim of the present study was to investigate job satisfaction challenges in intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.

Methods

This was a qualitative study using conventional content analysis approach. This study was performed in a general ICU of Amol City, Iran. Thirteen nurses employed in the ICU were recruited until data saturation was reached. Research data were collected through interviews, a focus group and field notes. Findings were analyzed using a conventional method.

Results

According to data analysis, 6 themes including "nursing education", "organizational resources", "management", "multiple occupational stresses", "professional performance" and "professional identity" were developed.

Conclusion

This study provided better and clearer understanding of job satisfaction challenges of nurses working in an ICU. The findings of this research can be helpful in developing management programs for understanding the factors affecting job satisfaction of nurses and job satisfaction promotion.

The relationship between work environment and career success among nurses with a master's or doctoral degree: A national cross-sectional study

AIMS

To investigate the career success and work environment among nurses with a master's or doctoral degree and analyse the effect of work environment on their career success.

METHODS

This was a national descriptive, cross-sectional study. A total of 1223 nurses with a master's or doctoral degree from 115 tertiary hospitals across mainland China participated in the study. Subscales of the practice environment scale of the nursing work index and career success scale were utilized for data collection via email in the summer of 2017. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the collected data.

RESULTS

The research showed that the career success and work environment ratings of nurses with a master's or doctoral degree were at a moderate level. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that work environment was positively correlated with career success for three of the four subscales.

CONCLUSION

The career success and work environment is moderate among nurses with a master's or doctoral degree, and improving the work environment for nurses may lead to higher career success.

Job satisfaction and related factors among Iranian intensive care unit nurses

Objectives

The aim of this study is to determine the levels of job satisfaction and to collect information about the factors affecting job satisfaction of Iranian ICU hospital nurses.

Results

The participants included 124 nurses working in the ICU section of hospitals in the city of Amol in Iran, who were selected by census method. The instruments for gathering the information included Demographic Information Questionnaire and also the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. The results revealed that the average score of job satisfaction among ICU nurses was 2.50 ± 0.51. Also job satisfaction among women was higher than men (P = 0.03, t = 0.4). One way analysis of variance showed a significant relation between job satisfaction level with employment status and overtime work. Also older nurses had higher levels of job satisfaction. Hospital directors and managers, can use the results of this study in order to have a deeper understanding of job satisfaction among nurses, and the factors affecting it.

Factors influencing registered nurses perception of their overall job satisfaction: a qualitative study

AIM

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore factors related to critical care and medical-surgical nurses' job satisfaction as well as dissatisfaction in Iran.

BACKGROUND

Job satisfaction is an important factor in healthcare settings. Strong empirical evidence supports a causal relationship between job satisfaction, patient safety and quality of care.

METHOD

A convenient sample of 85 nurses from surgical, medical and critical care wards of a large hospital was recruited. Ten focus group discussions using a semi-structured interview guide were conducted. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic approach.

FINDINGS

The study identified three main themes that influenced nurses' job satisfaction and dissatisfaction: (1) spiritual feeling, (2) work environment factors, and (3) motivation. Helping and involvement in patient care contributed to the spiritual feeling reported to influence nurses' job satisfaction. For work environment factors, team cohesion, benefit and rewards, working conditions, lack of medical resources, unclear nurses' responsibilities, patient and doctor perceptions, poor leadership skills and discrimination at work played an important role in nurses' job dissatisfaction. For motivation factors, task requirement, professional development and lack of clinical autonomy contributed to nurses' job satisfaction.

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY

Nurse managers should ensure a flexible practice environment with adequate staffing and resources with opportunities for nurses to participate in hospital's policies and governance. Policy makers should consider nurses' professional development needs, and implement initiatives to improve nurses' rewards and other benefits as they influence job satisfaction.