Impact of workplace incivility on compassion competence of Korean nurses: Moderating effect of psychological capital

The Mediation Impact of Compassion Competence on the Link Between Mindfulness and Job Burnout in Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

AIMS

This study explores the link between mindfulness, compassion competence and job burnout among nurses, and analyses the mediating role that compassion competence plays in this relationship.

BACKGROUND

Understanding nurses' mindfulness, compassion competence and job burnout is important, which could help devise interventions to relieve burnout in clinical nurses.

METHODS

This study adopts convenience sampling method and descriptive design quantitative research. A cross-sectional study of 513 nurses was conducted from June to October 2023 in mainland China. The Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey and Compassion Competence Scale for the Nurses were utilised to gather basic demographic information on nurses and to evaluate their level of mindfulness, compassion competence and job burnout. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation analyses and structural equation model were used to analyse the data.

RESULTS

Five hundred and thirteen valid questionnaires were gathered. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a strong negative link between mindfulness and job burnout, and between compassion competence and burnout, and a significant positive correlation between mindfulness and compassion competence. The results of the mediation analysis revealed that the relationship between mindfulness and job burnout was partially mediated by compassion competence, and the mediating effect accounted for 18.6% of the total effect.

CONCLUSION

Compassion competence performed as a partial mediator between mindfulness and job burnout among nurses. Nursing managers could enhance nurses' mindfulness level and compassion competence through Mindfulness interventions and Compassion training to reduce their burnout.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

This study offers a fresh viewpoint on enhancing clinical nurses' compassion competence and reducing job burnout. Healthcare organisations and medical institutions can mitigate nurses' job burnout by improving their mindfulness levels and compassion competence.

REPORTING METHOD

The study used the STROBE checklist for reporting.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

All participants were nurses who completed an electronic questionnaire related to this study.

Mind over matter: mindfulness as a buffer against workplace incivility

This study examines the relationship between co-worker incivility, emotional exhaustion, mindfulness, and turnover intention among nurses in public and private hospitals in North Cyprus. Drawing upon the Job Demand-Resources theory, the research aims to contribute to the existing literature by investigating the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating effect of mindfulness on the relationship between co-worker incivility and turnover intention. Data were collected from 238 nurses through questionnaires, and structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis. The results indicate a positive association between co-worker incivility and emotional exhaustion, as well as between co-worker incivility and turnover intention. Emotional exhaustion was found to mediate the relationship between co-worker incivility and turnover intention. Furthermore, mindfulness was identified as a moderator, attenuating the negative impact of co-worker incivility on turnover intention. The findings underscore the importance of addressing workplace incivility and promoting mindfulness to mitigate turnover intentions among nurses. Practical implications include the implementation of interventions to foster a supportive work environment and enhance nurses' emotional wellbeing.

COULD FAMILY WELL-BEING MODERATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND SOMATOFORM DISSOCIATION? A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

The impacts of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been well documented. One possible consequence of ACEs is dissociation, which is a major feature of post-traumatic psychopathology and is also associated with considerable impairment and health care costs. Although ACEs are known to be associated with both psychoform and somatoform dissociation, much less is known about the mechanisms behind this relationship. Little is known about whether social and interpersonal factors such as family environments would moderate the relationship between ACEs and somatoform dissociation. This paper discusses the importance of having a positive and healthy family environment in trauma recovery. We then report the findings of a preliminary study in which we examined whether the association between ACEs and somatoform dissociation would be moderated by family well-being in a convenience sample of Hong Kong adults (N = 359). The number of ACEs was positively associated with somatoform dissociative symptoms, but this association was moderated by the level of family well-being. The number of ACEs was associated with somatoform dissociation only when the family well-being scores were low. These moderating effects were medium. The findings point to the potential importance of using family education and intervention programs to prevent and treat trauma-related dissociative symptoms, but further investigation is needed.

Workplace incivility and the professional quality of life in nurses

BACKGROUND

Workplace Incivility is a common issue in the nursing profession. Nurses who are affected by such behaviors may experience distress.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to assess the relationship between workplace incivility and nurses' professional quality of life.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2021 in "Tehran". Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Nursing Incivility Scale (NIS), and the Professional Quality Of Life scale (ProQOL). Data analysis was performed through the Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, using the SPSS v.16.

PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT

Participants were 200 nurses randomly recruited from selected hospitals of "TUMS".

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The study obtained research ethics approval and all participants were informed of the voluntary and anonymous nature of their participation.

FINDINGS

The mean age of participants was 32.30 ± 7.22, and 76.5% were female. There was a significant correlation between the professional quality of life and workplace incivility (r = -0.23, p = .001). Multiple regression analysis between the subscales of workplace incivility and professional quality of life demonstrated that the incivility from the supervisor (β = -0.29, p = .001) and incivility from patients (β = -0.27, p < .001) can predict the compassion satisfaction dimension. The incivility from the supervisor (β = 0.24, p = .001) and incivility from patients (β = 0.26, p < .001) can explain burnout. The incivility of the patients can explain secondary traumatic stress (β = 0.14, p = .02).

CONCLUSION

This study showed that workplace incivility is significantly related to professional quality of life. Therefore, the reduction of behaviors of incivility can lead to the improvement of the professional quality of life.

Interventions for Preventing and Resolving Bullying in Nursing: A Scoping Review

Bullying in the workplace is a serious problem in nursing and has an impact on the well-being of teams, patients, and organisations. This study's aim is to map possible interventions designed to prevent or resolve bullying in nursing. A scoping review of primary research published in English and Italian between 2011 and 2021 was undertaken from four databases (Cochrane Collaboration, PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and PsycInfo). The data were analysed using Arksey and O'Malley's framework, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist was followed to report the study. Fourteen papers met the review eligibility criteria. The analysis revealed four main themes: educational interventions, cognitive rehearsal, team building, and nursing leaders' experiences. Interventions enabled nurses to recognise bullying and address it with assertive communication. Further research is needed to demonstrate these interventions' effectiveness and if they lead to a significant decrease in the short-/long-term frequency of these issues. This review increases the available knowledge and guides nurse leaders in choosing effective interventions. Eradicating this phenomenon from healthcare settings involves active engagement of nurses, regardless of their role, in addition to support from the nurse leaders, the organisations, and professional and health policies.

Nursing Leaders' Knowledge and Awareness of Bullying and Lateral Violence: A Qualitative Study

Introduction

Bullying and lateral violence are prevalent phenomena within the nursing profession, exerting significant impacts on patient safety, the nursing profession and the organisation. The pivotal role of nurse leaders is paramount in both the prevention and resolution of these issues.

Aim

The aim is to explore the level of awareness and knowledge of bullying and lateral violence of nurse leaders in a public hospital in Switzerland.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study has been conducted. Data were collected from February to August 2020 using semi-structured interviews and focus groups that were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two researchers independently utilised Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis to code, categorise and synthesise the data. The sample of nursing middle-management leaders was purposive.

Results

The study involved 35 nurse leaders as participants. Through data analysis, 15 themes were identified, which were further grouped into five major themes: characteristics of the phenomena, facilitating and hindering factors, emotions/experiences, strategies and supports. The results highlighted that nurse leaders may have a lack of knowledge about these phenomena, leading to challenges in their identification. The awareness achieved by the nurse leaders highlighted their need to understand what they were 'fighting against'.

Conclusion

It is essential to consider the impact of these phenomena on employees' well-being and their potential consequences for patient safety, quality of care and financial performance. A preventive approach by increasing nurse leaders' competence in observing everyday working realities and identifying strategies for addressing bullying is required. Further research on the construction and implementation of specific interventions is essential, aimed at preventing and addressing these phenomena comprehensively.

Registered nurses' psychological capital: A scoping review

AIMS

The aim was to examine the extent and scope of empirical research concerning registered nurses' psychological capital.

BACKGROUND

In a time of global nursing shortage, identifying variables that could positively contribute to the retention of the nursing workforce is essential. Prior research has shown that psychological capital correlates positively with employees' better performance and well-being.

DESIGN

A scoping review.

DATA SOURCES

A systematic literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus covering the period from 1 January 2005 to 7 May 2023.

REVIEW METHODS

The JBI methodological guidance for scoping reviews was followed. The results were summarized narratively.

RESULTS

A total of 111 studies reported in 114 peer-reviewed articles were included. Studies were carried out across 20 countries, with the majority from China (45), Australia (nine), Pakistan (nine), Canada (eight), South Korea (eight) and the United States (eight). A positive correlation was found between registered nurses' psychological capital and desirable work-related outcomes, such as work engagement, commitment and retention intention.

CONCLUSION

A comprehensive overview of research evidence suggests that psychological capital is associated with many positive work-related outcomes and might therefore be a valuable resource for reducing nurse turnover.

When Patient Rudeness Impacts Care: A Review of Incivility in Healthcare

Healthcare workers increasingly face incivility and rude behaviors from patients, families, and visitors. Although these are less severe than other types of mistreatment, studies have documented that they may still impact healthcare worker well-being and patient care. Defining and measuring incivility can be challenging because current research relies on the perceptions of the targets. Furthermore, there is often overlap among different types of mistreatment, and much of it goes unreported by those who experience it. Nevertheless, multiple studies have documented that incivility is common in healthcare and has been associated with burnout and intent to leave. In clinical settings, multiple consequences for patient care have been documented, including adverse consequences in the diagnostic and intervention performance of teams, as well as team processes. One theory is that incivility incidents divert cognitive resources away from the intervention and that these experiences may interfere with higher-order reasoning. Although limited research has been performed in the areas of prevention, response to incidents of incivility, and best practices for ameliorating the effects of incivility, some promising interventions have been reported in the literature.

Levels of psychological capital among nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM

To systematically evaluate the available literature about overall levels of psychological capital among nurses.

BACKGROUND

Psychological capital is described as a positive mental state associated with nurses' mental health, quality of care and patient outcomes.

METHODS

A search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Chinese Database, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medical (CBM), WanFang and Weipu Database from the inception of the databases until October 2021. Subsequently, two researchers identified and reviewed the literature and assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects model was conducted to achieve pooled estimates of psychological capital scales.

RESULTS

The pooled mean score of the psychological capital scale was 4.21 (95% CI, 4.07-4.35). For subdimensions such as hope, optimism, self-efficacy and resilience, the score was 4.12 (95% CI, 4.11-4.12), 4.34 (95% CI, 4.34-4.34), 4.50 (95% CI, 4.50-4.51) and 4.34 (95% CI, 4.33-4.34), respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated that nurses practising in Asia and intensive care units might have experienced lower psychological capital levels. In addition, significant differences were noted in studies with sample size and publication year. Studies with a large sample size reported a higher psychological capital than those with a small sample size. The pooled mean scores of psychological capital were higher in 2014-2018 than in 2019-2021. Meta-regression further revealed that geographic regions of participants might be a source of heterogeneity, and the Asian region had 32.23% of the heterogeneity between studies, and the African region had 18.71%.

CONCLUSION

This review is the first to synthesize published research and calculate a pooled score of psychological capital in nurses. These findings indicated that nurses reported a medium-high level of psychological capital, and there was significant heterogeneity.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY

Administrators and policymakers should concentrate on nurses' psychological capital and tactically integrate psychological capital into nursing vocational training programs.

The relationships between nurses' positive psychological capital, and their employee voice and organizational silence behaviors

PURPOSE

This study aims to determine nurses' positive psychological capital (PsyCap) levels and to examine their relationships with employee voice (EV) and organizational silence (OS) behaviors.

DESIGN AND METHODS

This descriptive cross-sectional and correlational study collected data from 341 nurses working at a public university and a private university hospital. The data were collected with the positive PsyCap, EV, and OS scales.

FINDINGS

Statistically significant positive relationships were found between positive PsyCap and EV, and between positive PsyCap and relational silence. However, there was a statistically significant negative relationship between positive PsyCap and individual silence.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

Nurse managers should support nurses and allow them to participate in decisions that can contribute to nursing, healthcare institution, and the quality of healthcare services.

Frequency and Outcomes of Workplace Incivility in Healthcare: A Scoping Review of the Literature

AIMS

To evaluate the frequency and outcomes of workplace incivility in healthcare for nursing management.

BACKGROUND

Incivility in the workplace is a significant problem that is important to nurse managers, as it goes directly against the fundamental values and ethics of providing high-quality care to patients. The Joint Commission (2021) and the American Nurses Credentialing Center have called on healthcare organizations to identify and intervene in the problem of workplace incivility.

EVALUATION

Studies included in this scoping review were those that measured and analyzed the frequency and outcomes of workplace incivility in healthcare. Four databases were searched, and 28 articles were reviewed. Evaluation was based on general quality, including study characteristics, instruments, and statistical analyses.

KEY ISSUES

Studies used a quasi-experimental design, and most focused on the Registered Nurse population. The Workplace Incivility Scale was the most commonly used instrument to measure workplace incivility frequency. The most frequently studied work-related outcomes were burnout, satisfaction, and turnover.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the frequency of workplace incivility in healthcare is not clear, its consequences are substantial. Multiple studies have revealed significant relationships between workplace incivility and work-related outcomes that are important to nurse managers. Research is needed on non-nursing healthcare professionals, and validation studies are needed on instruments used to measure workplace incivility frequency.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT

The findings of this review can help nurse managers better understand the phenomenon, frequency, and impact of workplace incivility in the healthcare setting and move toward addressing the problem of workplace incivility among nurses and other healthcare professionals.

How workplace incivility leads to work alienation: A moderated mediation model

Workplace incivility remains a prevailing issue and has significant potential for harmful consequences. This study aims to investigate the influencing mechanism of workplace incivility on work alienation from the perspective of targets. Based on the social exchange theory, our research examines the role of interpersonal trust as a mediator along with the moderator of career resilience in the said association. Through a two-wave-time-lagged quantitative research design, a sample of 315 nurses from China was investigated with questionnaires on workplace incivility, work alienation, interpersonal trust, and career resilience. The results indicated that workplace incivility was positively related to work alienation with interpersonal trust as a mediator. Workplace incivility caused a decline in interpersonal trust, which led to work alienation. Career resilience buffered such an impact. High career resilience weakened the association linking workplace incivility to interpersonal trust. Organizations should pay more attention to workplace incivility and consider empowering nurses' career resilience, which could alleviate the negative impact of workplace incivility.

Power outage and proactive service performance: the role of patient incivility and job stress

Purpose

Drawing from transactional stress and conservation of resource theories, this study untangles the relationship between power outage, patient incivility, job stress and proactive service performance. Further, this study also explores the mediating role of patient incivility and job stress.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire-based survey was used, and data were collected from 275 healthcare professionals working in various public hospitals in Pakistan through convenience sampling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) via Smart PLS was used for data analysis.

Findings

Results revealed that power outage has significant positive impact on patient incivility and patient incivility has significant direct effect on job stress. Job stress has significant negative relationship with proactive service performance. Findings also confirmed that patient incivility mediates the relationship between power outage and job stress, and job stress mediates the relationship between patient incivility and proactive service performance.

Practical implications

This study helps the health administrators to think about the service standards of the public hospitals. Implications of this study are not limited to health sector. This study is useful for other service sectors where performance of employee affected by power outage. In addition to this, the current research helps to conduct research in other developing and underdeveloped countries which also face the problem of power outage.

Originality/value

This study marks the first step toward establishing power outage as an organizational behavior construct by demonstrating that power outage impacts significantly on proactive service performance. This study also explored the relationship between job stress and proactive service performance which was also not explored before.

The Effect of Trait Mindfulness on Teachers' Emotional Exhaustion: The Chain Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and Job Engagement

Emotional exhaustion has become an important occupational health problem faced by teachers, and it has seriously affected their mental health. It is necessary to pay attention to the factors that affect emotional exhaustion. In this study, 815 frontline university faculty were selected as subjects to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion and the role of psychological capital and work engagement in this relation, using the trait mindfulness, psychological capital, work engagement, and emotional exhaustion scales. It was found that trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion are negatively correlated; the mediating role of psychological capital between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion is not significant; the mediating role of work engagement between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion is significant; the chain mediation effect of psychological capital and work engagement between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion are significant.

Efficacy of Entrepreneurs' Psychological Capital on the Performance of New Ventures in the Development of Regional Economy in the Greater Bay Area

The study aims to analyze the relationship between the psychological capital and enterprise performance of the entrepreneurs and provide direction for the optimization of regional economic development and talent introduction mechanism. First, the theoretical basis is established from regional economic development, innovative talent introduction, and individual psychological capital theory, according to which the questionnaire survey is designed, and four dimensions of self-efficacy (C), wish (W), toughness (T), and optimism (O) are selected to set the questions on psychological capital and innovation performance. Then, following statistical analysis, the characteristics of the new ventures are revealed. Finally, based on the empirical research model, the hypotheses are put forward based on psychological capital and its four subdimensions, and the relationship between the efficacy of the psychological capital and the performance of new ventures of the entrepreneurs is revealed through regression analysis. The results show that the proportion of the computer and education industry in the new ventures reaches 67.7%, and the proportion of enterprises with 1–5 entrepreneurial years reaches 78%. Meanwhile, the proportion of first-time entrepreneurship is 60.5%, and the proportion of entrepreneurs motivated by their ideal reaches 35.8%. The new entrepreneurs have a good grasp of the market situation, and the overall operation condition is stable. Most of them originate from micro and small enterprises (MSE). Psychological capital has a great influence on individual entrepreneurship. The empirical results show that the psychological capital of entrepreneurs has a positive effect on the performance of new ventures. Except for the subdimension of O, the other three subdimensions (C, T, and W) of psychological capital have a positive effect on the performance of new ventures, and psychological capital as a whole has the greatest impact. The results provide a reference for the relationship between the performance improvement of new ventures and regional economic development.

Workplace Incivility and Job Satisfaction: Mediation of Subjective Well-Being and Moderation of Forgiveness Climate in Health Care Sector

Our study investigates the role of subjective well-being and forgiveness climate between workplace incivility and job satisfaction. Drawing on conservation of resource theory, we proposed a model in which workplace incivility is associated with job satisfaction through subjective wellbeing, and forgiveness climate moderates this association. Data was collected through a survey method from 672 nurses and doctors in the health care sector at two different times. Respondents completed workplace incivility and subjective well-being scale at Time 1, and a forgiveness climate and job satisfaction scale at time 2. Findings through PROCESS Macros (Model 5) show that workplace incivility has a negative influence on job satisfaction and subjective well-being. Subjective well-being plays a mediating role in the negative effect of workplace incivility on job satisfaction. Moreover, forgiveness climate moderates the relationship between workplace incivility and job satisfaction. The implications for practice and research are discussed.

Effects of Mindfulness Training on Psychological Capital, Depression, and Procrastination of the Youth Demographic

Background:

The incidence rate of depression in youth demographic increases year by year. High-level psychological capital is conducive to relieving depression, and mindfulness training is an effective psychotherapy. We aimed to investigate the influences of mindfulness training on psychological capital, depression, and procrastination, thereby providing a direction for psychotherapy in the youth demographic.

Method:

A questionnaire survey on the youths in four resident communities in the cities of Wuhan and Tai’an in China was carried out in 2020 by sending a self-rating depression scale (SDS). A total of 240 youth with SDS standard scores >53 were filtered out, as the research objects to be assessed by using SDS, positive psychological capital questionnaire (PPQ), five-facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ), and pure procrastination scale (PPS).

Results:

Two groups showed no statistically significant differences in SDS, PPQ, FFMQ, and PPS scores before intervention. Self-efficacy, toughness, hope, optimism, and PPQ scores of the experimental group were improved significantly after intervention compared with those before the intervention, and they were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). SDS, PPQ, FFMQ, and PPS scores showed statistically significant differences before and after intervention. SDS and PPS scores of the experimental group after intervention were far lower than those of the control group, while FFMQ score was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Mindfulness training can improve psychological capital of the youth demographic effectively and relieve their depression, thereby improving their procrastination.