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Malfatti MC, Bellina A, Antoniali G, Tell G. Revisiting Two Decades of Research Focused on Targeting APE1 for Cancer Therapy: The Pros and Cons. Cells 2023; 12:1895. [PMID: 37508559 PMCID: PMC10378182 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
APE1 is an essential endodeoxyribonuclease of the base excision repair pathway that maintains genome stability. It was identified as a pivotal factor favoring tumor progression and chemoresistance through the control of gene expression by a redox-based mechanism. APE1 is overexpressed and serum-secreted in different cancers, representing a prognostic and predictive factor and a promising non-invasive biomarker. Strategies directly targeting APE1 functions led to the identification of inhibitors showing potential therapeutic value, some of which are currently in clinical trials. Interestingly, evidence indicates novel roles of APE1 in RNA metabolism that are still not fully understood, including its activity in processing damaged RNA in chemoresistant phenotypes, regulating onco-miRNA maturation, and oxidized RNA decay. Recent data point out a control role for APE1 in the expression and sorting of onco-miRNAs within secreted extracellular vesicles. This review is focused on giving a portrait of the pros and cons of the last two decades of research aiming at the identification of inhibitors of the redox or DNA-repair functions of APE1 for the definition of novel targeted therapies for cancer. We will discuss the new perspectives in cancer therapy emerging from the unexpected finding of the APE1 role in miRNA processing for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Clarissa Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessia Bellina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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2
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DNA Damage Response Mechanisms in Head and Neck Cancer: Significant Implications for Therapy and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032760. [PMID: 36769087 PMCID: PMC9917521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a term collectively used to describe a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise in the oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and represents the sixth most common type of malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in multimodality treatment, the disease has a recurrence rate of around 50%, and the prognosis of metastatic patients remains poor. HNCs are characterized by a high degree of genomic instability, which involves a vicious circle of accumulating DNA damage, defective DNA damage repair (DDR), and replication stress. Nonetheless, the damage that is induced on tumor cells by chemo and radiotherapy relies on defective DDR processes for a successful response to treatment, and may play an important role in the development of novel and more effective therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genes and proteins that appear to be deregulated in DDR pathways, their implication in HNC pathogenesis, and the rationale behind targeting these genes and pathways for the development of new therapies. We give particular emphasis on the therapeutic targets that have shown promising results at the pre-clinical stage and on those that have so far been associated with a therapeutic advantage in the clinical setting.
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3
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Lei H, He A, Jiang Y, Ruan M, Han N. Targeting DNA damage response as a potential therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1031944. [PMID: 36338767 PMCID: PMC9634729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1031944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells experience both endogenous and exogenous DNA damage daily. To maintain genome integrity and suppress tumorigenesis, individuals have evolutionarily acquired a series of repair functions, termed DNA damage response (DDR), to repair DNA damage and ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information. Defects in DNA damage repair pathways may lead to various diseases, including tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in DDR-related genes, such as somatic or germline mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and promoter methylation, are closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite recent advances in surgery combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, there has been no substantial improvement in the survival rate of patients with HNSCC. Therefore, targeting DNA repair pathways may be a promising treatment for HNSCC. In this review, we summarized the sources of DNA damage and DNA damage repair pathways. Further, the role of DNA damage repair pathways in the development of HNSCC and the application of small molecule inhibitors targeting these pathways in the treatment of HNSCC were focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lei
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ading He
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Min Ruan
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacio-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Han
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacio-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Vickridge E, Faraco CCF, Tehrani PS, Ramdzan ZM, Djerir B, Rahimian H, Leduy L, Maréchal A, Gingras AC, Nepveu A. The DNA repair function of BCL11A suppresses senescence and promotes continued proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac028. [PMID: 36186110 PMCID: PMC9516615 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified the BCL11A protein in a proximity-dependent biotinylation screen performed with the DNA glycosylase NTHL1. In vitro, DNA repair assays demonstrate that both BCL11A and a small recombinant BCL11A160-520 protein that is devoid of DNA binding and transcription regulatory domains can stimulate the enzymatic activities of two base excision repair enzymes: NTHL1 and DNA Pol β. Increased DNA repair efficiency, in particular of the base excision repair pathway, is essential for many cancer cells to proliferate in the presence of elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by cancer-associated metabolic changes. BCL11A is highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) where its knockdown was reported to reduce clonogenicity and cause tumour regression. We show that BCL11A knockdown in TNBC cells delays repair of oxidative DNA damage, increases the number of oxidized bases and abasic sites in genomic DNA, slows down proliferation and induces cellular senescence. These phenotypes are rescued by ectopic expression of the short BCL11A160-520 protein. We further show that the BCL11A160-520 protein accelerates the repair of oxidative DNA damage and cooperates with RAS in cell transformation assays, thereby enabling cells to avoid senescence and continue to proliferate in the presence of high ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Vickridge
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Camila C F Faraco
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Payman S Tehrani
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zubaidah M Ramdzan
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Billel Djerir
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Hedyeh Rahimian
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Lam Leduy
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alexandre Maréchal
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alain Nepveu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 514 398 5839; Fax: +1 514 398 6769;
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5
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Vickridge E, Faraco CCF, Nepveu A. Base excision repair accessory factors in senescence avoidance and resistance to treatments. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:703-720. [PMID: 36176767 PMCID: PMC9511810 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells, in which the RAS and PI3K pathways are activated, produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative DNA damage and ultimately cellular senescence. This process has been documented in tissue culture, mouse models, and human pre-cancerous lesions. In this context, cellular senescence functions as a tumour suppressor mechanism. Some rare cancer cells, however, manage to adapt to avoid senescence and continue to proliferate. One well-documented mode of adaptation involves increased production of antioxidants often associated with inactivation of the KEAP1 tumour suppressor gene and the resulting upregulation of the NRF2 transcription factor. In this review, we detail an alternative mode of adaptation to oxidative DNA damage induced by ROS: the increased activity of the base excision repair (BER) pathway, achieved through the enhanced expression of BER enzymes and DNA repair accessory factors. These proteins, exemplified here by the CUT domain proteins CUX1, CUX2, and SATB1, stimulate the activity of BER enzymes. The ensued accelerated repair of oxidative DNA damage enables cancer cells to avoid senescence despite high ROS levels. As a by-product of this adaptation, these cancer cells exhibit increased resistance to genotoxic treatments including ionizing radiation, temozolomide, and cisplatin. Moreover, considering the intrinsic error rate associated with DNA repair and translesion synthesis, the elevated number of oxidative DNA lesions caused by high ROS leads to the accumulation of mutations in the cancer cell population, thereby contributing to tumour heterogeneity and eventually to the acquisition of resistance, a major obstacle to clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Vickridge
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Camila C. F. Faraco
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Alain Nepveu
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Medicine, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Oncology, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
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6
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Helicobacter pylori promotes gastric cancer progression through the tumor microenvironment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4375-4385. [PMID: 35723694 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading type of cancer. Although immunotherapy has yielded important recent progress in the treatment of GC, the prognosis remains poor due to drug resistance and frequent recurrence and metastasis. There are multiple known risk factors for GC, and infection with Helicobacter pylori is one of the most significant. The mechanisms underlying the associations of H. pylori and GC remain unclear, but it is well known that infection can alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME and the tumor itself constitute a complete ecosystem, and the TME plays critical roles in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. H. pylori infection can act synergistically with the TME to cause DNA damage and abnormal expression of multiple genes and activation of signaling pathways. It also modulates the host immune system in ways that enhance the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inhibit apoptosis, and provide energy support for tumor growth. This review elaborates myriad ways that H. pylori infections promote the occurrence and progression of GC by influencing the TME, providing new directions for immunotherapy treatments for this important disease. KEY POINTS: • H. pylori infections cause DNA damage and affect the repair of the TME to DNA damage. • H. pylori infections regulate oncogenes or activate the oncogenic signaling pathways. • H. pylori infections modulate the immune system within the TME.
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7
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Zhang QX, Yang Y, Yang H, Guo Q, Guo JL, Liu HS, Zhang J, Li D. The roles of risk model based on the 3-XRCC genes in lung adenocarcinoma progression. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:4413-4431. [PMID: 35116299 PMCID: PMC8798971 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The abnormal expression of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair genes might be the cause of tumor development and resistance of malignant cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. A risk model based on the X-ray repair of cross-complementary (XRCC) genes was constructed to improve the diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Methods The expression levels, diagnostic values, and prognostic values of XRCC genes were identified, and the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the risk model based on the XRCC4/5/6 in LUAD progression was explored via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine databases. Results XRCC1/2/3/4/5/6, XRCC7 (PRKDC), and XRCC9 (FANCG) were overexpressed, and had diagnostic value for LUAD. The XRCC genes were involved in DNA repair, and participated in the regulation of non-homologous end-joining, homologous recombination, etc. The overall survival (OS), tumor (T) stage, and survival status of patients were significantly different between the Cluster1 and Cluster2 groups. XRCC4/5/6 were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of LUAD patients. The risk score was related to the prognosis, sex, clinical stage, T, lymph node (N), and metastasis (M) stage, as well as the survival status of LUAD patients. The clinical stage and risk score were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in LUAD patients. The risk model was involved in RNA degradation, cell cycle, basal transcription factors, DNA replication etc. The risk scores were significantly correlated with the expression levels of TGFBR1, CD160, TNFSF4, TNFRSF14, IL6R, CXCL16, TNFRSF25, TAPBP, CCL16, and CCL14. Conclusions The risk model based on the XRCC4/5/6 genes could predict the progression of LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Xian Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shiyan, Shiyan, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Postgraduate Training Basement of Jinzhou Medical University, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jia-Long Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Postgraduate Training Basement of Jinzhou Medical University, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hua-Song Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Oncology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
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8
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Gong L, Luo M, Sun R, Qiu L, Chen C, Luo Z. Significant Association Between XRCC1 Expression and Its rs25487 Polymorphism and Radiotherapy-Related Cancer Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654784. [PMID: 34094945 PMCID: PMC8170393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1) expression and its single nucleotide polymorphism XRCC1 rs25487 (G>A) may be related to radiotherapy-related cancer prognosis or radiation-induced side effects. However, this association is controversial. We performed a bioinformatic analysis and a meta-analysis to obtain comprehensive results. Results Sixty nine articles with 10232 patients and 17 TCGA data sets with 2705 patients were included in the analysis. We observed that high XRCC1 expression was associated with an increased risk of minor treatment response and poor overall survival, XRCC1 rs25487 was associated with reduced risk of minor treatment response in esophageal cancer and an increased risk of high-grade side effects in head and neck cancer. Conclusion The results suggest that XRCC1 expression and rs25487 polymorphism are prognostic factors for patients receiving radiotherapy-related treatment. Considering the insufficient treatment parameters provided and the various sample sizes in most of the studies, we suggest that genetic association studies related to radiation-based treatment should include more cancer types with sufficient statistical power and more detailed clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Renhuang Sun
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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9
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Tagliabue M, Belloni P, De Berardinis R, Gandini S, Chu F, Zorzi S, Fumagalli C, Santoro L, Chiocca S, Ansarin M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic role of age in oral tongue cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2566-2578. [PMID: 33760398 PMCID: PMC8026930 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While evidence suggests an increasing incidence of tongue cancer in young adults, published findings regarding the prognostic role of age at diagnosis are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis of the literature to highlight key points that might help in understanding the association between age of oral tongue cancer patients at diagnosis and their prognosis. According to age at diagnosis, a systematic literature review of all published cohort studies assessing the recurrence risks and mortality associated with tongue cancer was conducted. We compared the risk estimates between patients aged >45 years and those aged <45 years at diagnosis. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risk estimates (SRRs) according to different clinical outcomes and sources of between-study heterogeneity (I2 ) and bias. We included 31 independent cohort studies published between 1989 and 2019; these studies included a total of 28,288 patients. When risk estimations were not adjusted for confounders, no significant association was found between age at diagnosis and overall survival (OS). Conversely, after adjustment for confounders, older age at diagnosis was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality. The difference between SRRs for adjusted and unadjusted estimates was significant (p < 0.01). Younger patients had a significantly higher risk of local recurrence. Younger patients with oral tongue cancer have better OS but a greater risk of recurrence than older patients. These findings should be validated in a large prospective cohort study which considers all confounders and prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tagliabue
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Pietro Belloni
- Department of Experimental OncologyIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Statistical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Rita De Berardinis
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental OncologyIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Francesco Chu
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Stefano Zorzi
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental OncologyIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Mohssen Ansarin
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
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10
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Lu X, Zhao H, Yuan H, Chu Y, Zhu X. High nuclear expression of APE1 correlates with unfavorable prognosis and promotes tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:219-231. [PMID: 33392892 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
APE1 is a multifunctional protein that plays important roles in cancer development. However, the association between APE1 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients has not been fully characterized. In this study, bioinformatics analysis of APE1 was performed in several databases, including the TCGA, GeneCard, Human Protein Atlas and Ualcan databases. The relationship between APE1 mRNA expression and several attributes of liver cancer patients in TCGA was investigated. Then, the protein expression of APE1 was detected by IHC analysis in 95 HCC samples and the association between APE1 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients was explored. GSEA-KEGG analysis was performed to predict the potential signaling pathways that associated with APE1 expression. Then the siRNA-mediated knockdown model of APE1 was constructed in HCC cell line to further detect the detailed function of APE1 in HCC development in vitro and in vivo. The results of the bioinformatics analysis showed that APE1 expression was primarily located in the cell nucleus. APE1 mRNA expression was substantially correlated with pathological grade and T status in TCGA database. Elevated APE1 expression was observed in HCC samples and was associated with unfavorable survival time in liver cancer patients. IHC data demonstrated that the nuclear expression of APE1 in HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in noncancerous tissues. The expression level of the APE1 protein in HCC was strongly associated with tumor diameter and overall survival. Survival analysis indicated that APE1 nuclear expression is an independent prognostic marker for the overall survival of HCC patients. GSEA-KEGG results confirmed that APE1 associated with the base excision repair signaling pathway. The data of phenotypic experiments indicated that APE1 remarkably promoted tumor growth both in HCC cells and xenografts. The findings firstly imply that nuclear expression of APE1 is a valuable prognostic marker for HCC. APE1 significantly facilitate HCC development and targeting APE1 may be a promising strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hongxin Yuan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yushan Chu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Moreira DGL, Morais EFD, Santos HBDP, Freitas RDA. Immunohistochemical expression of DNA repair proteins in oral tongue and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e101. [PMID: 32901726 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA repair system involves genes and proteins that are essential for the maintenance of genome integrity and the consequent control of various cellular processes. Alterations in these genes and proteins play a role in tumor development and progression and might be associated with prognosis. The aims of this study were to analyze the immunoexpression of two DNA repair proteins, XPF and XRCC1, in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), and to investigate possible associations with clinical and histopathological parameters. The immunohistochemical expression of XPF and XRCC1 was analyzed semi-quantitatively in 40 cases each of LLSCC and OTSCC. The chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test, when appropriate, was used to investigate the association between expression of the proteins and clinicopathological characteristics. The cytoplasmic immunoexpression of XPF was high in OTSCC (95% of the cases analyzed) but low in LLSCC (52.5%). Among the clinicopathological parameters evaluated, a statistically significant association was observed between high nuclear expression of XRCC1 and the absence of regional lymph node metastasis in patients diagnosed with OTSCC (p=0.006). The high protein expression of XPF and XRCC1 in OTSCC and LLSCC suggests an important role in the development and progression of these tumors. Our study found an association between high nuclear expression of XRCC1 and the absence of loco-regional metastasis in cases diagnosed as OTSCC, suggesting a role of this protein in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Gondim Lambert Moreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Centro de Ciênicas da Saúde, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Everton Freitas de Morais
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Centro de Ciênicas da Saúde, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Hellen Bandeira de Pontes Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Centro de Ciênicas da Saúde, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Centro de Ciênicas da Saúde, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
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12
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Gonzaga AKG, Lopes MLDDS, Squarize CH, Castilho RM, de Medeiros AMC, Rocha KBF, da Silveira ÉJD. Expression profile of DNA repair proteins and histone H3 lys-9 acetylation in cutaneous and oral lichen planus. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 119:104880. [PMID: 32892067 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the expression profile of DNA repair proteins (XRCC1 and APE1) and histone acetylation (H3K9) in oral and cutaneous lichen planus, in order to investigate potential biological markers that can clarify pathogenesis of these lesions. DESIGN AND RESULTS The total sample consisted of 89 lichen planus cases (66 oral and 23 cutaneous). Analysis of APE1 and XRCC1 expression was performed by immunohistochemistry in 44 oral and 20 cutaneous lichen planus, whereas the analysis of H3K9 acetylation was performed by immunofluorescence in 42 oral and 11 cutaneous lichen planus. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for APE1 and XRCC1 was significantly higher in cutaneous lichen planus than in oral lichen planus (P = 0.003 and P = 0.034, respectively). There was a significant and moderate positive correlation between APE1 and XRCC1 in the oral group (Rho = 0.544; P < 0.0001). In oral cases, there were no statistically significant results comparing APE1 and XRCC1 expression between reticular and erosive cases (P > 0.05). Evaluation of H9K3 histone acetylation levels did not reveal significant results comparing oral to cutaneous lichen planus, neither comparing erosive to reticular (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Changes in the expression profile of the DNA repair proteins exerted greater influence in pathogenesis of cutaneous lichen planus than oral lichen planus, in addition, H3K9 histone acetylation is an epigenetic event found in both lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rogério Moraes Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Abad E, Graifer D, Lyakhovich A. DNA damage response and resistance of cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:106-117. [PMID: 31968219 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model defines tumors as hierarchically organized entities, containing a small population of tumorigenic CSC, or tumour-initiating cells, placed at the apex of this hierarchy. These cells may share common qualities with chemo- and radio-resistant cancer cells and contribute to self-renewal activities resulting in tumour formation, maintenance, growth and metastasis. Yet, it remains obscure what self-defense mechanisms are utilized by these cells against the chemotherapeutic drugs or radiotherapy. Recently, attention has been focused on the pivotal role of the DNA damage response (DDR) in tumorigenesis. In line with this note, an increased DDR that prevents CSC and chemoresistant cells from genotoxic pressure of chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation may be responsible for cancer metastasis. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge concerning the role of DDR in CSC and resistant cancer cells and describe the existing opportunities of re-sensitizing such cells to modulate therapeutic treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etna Abad
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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Sá MC, Conceição TS, de Moura Santos E, de Morais EF, Galvão HC, de Almeida Freitas R. Immunohistochemical expression of TFIIH and XPF in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 277:893-902. [PMID: 31828418 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The query for biomarkers that indicate tumor aggressiveness and the host's response to treatment is still one of the leading aims of cancer research. To investigate a possible role for DNA nucleotide repair proteins in oral cancer behavior, this study evaluated the immunoexpression of the proteins TFIIH and XPF and its association with clinical, histological, and survival parameters in oral tongue squamous-cell carcinoma (OTSCC). METHODS TFIIH and XPF immunoexpressions were evaluated in 82 cases of oral tongue squamous-cell carcinoma. Tumor budding and depth of invasion were assessed for histopathological grading (BD model). RESULTS Tumor cells exhibited high expression of TFIIH and XPF, which was associated to nodal status; both proteins were not associated with other clinical parameters, histopathological grading or survival. Tumor size, nodal status, tumor staging, and depth of invasion > 4 mm were significantly associated to disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that the overexpression of TFIIH correlates positively with node metastasis, while XPF correlates negatively with node metastasis; therefore, the expression of XPF and TFIIH had a potential value for predicting the progression of OTSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melka Coêlho Sá
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Thalita Santana Conceição
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Edilmar de Moura Santos
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Everton Freitas de Morais
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Hébel Cavalcanti Galvão
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil. .,Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande of Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil.
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Kiwerska K, Szyfter K. DNA repair in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy-a double-edged sword. J Appl Genet 2019; 60:329-334. [PMID: 31468363 PMCID: PMC6803590 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-019-00516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genomic and mitochondrial DNA molecules are exposed continuously for a damaging activity of chemical, physical, and internal genotoxicants. When DNA repair machinery is not working efficiently, the generation of DNA lesions and mutations leads to carcinogenic transformation. The high number of mutation going up to 105 per cell was recognized as a driving force of oncogenesis. Moreover, a high activity of DNA repair genes was hypothesized as a predisposition to metastasis. DNA repair potential has to be taken into account attempting to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. A low activity of DNA repair genes makes tumor cells more sensitive to therapy, but on the other hand, non-tumor cells getting lesions could form second primary cancer. Contrary, high activity of DNA repair genes counteracts attempted therapy. It means an individualized therapy based on recognition of DNA repair potential is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kiwerska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szyfter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
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Zhou M, Qin S, Feng Z, Song C, Zhang H, Li W, Wang Q, Liu J, Huang J, Yang X, Wang K. A simple and sensitive assay for apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 activity based on host-guest interaction of β-cyclodextrin polymer and pyrene. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Devi KR, Ahmed J, Narain K, Mukherjee K, Majumdar G, Chenkual S, Zonunmawia JC. DNA Repair Mechanism Gene, XRCC1A ( Arg194Trp) but not XRCC3 ( Thr241Met) Polymorphism Increased the Risk of Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Females: A Case-Control Study in Northeastern Region of India. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017; 16:1150-1159. [PMID: 29332455 PMCID: PMC5762082 DOI: 10.1177/1533034617736162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray repair cross complementary group gene is one of the most studied candidate gene involved in different types of cancers. Studies have shown that X-ray repair cross complementary genes are significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer in females. Moreover, studies have revealed that X-ray repair cross complementary gene polymorphism significantly varies between and within different ethnic groups globally. The present case–control study was aimed to investigate the association of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) and X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer in females from northeastern region of India. The present case–control study includes histopathologically confirmed and newly diagnosed 464 cases with breast cancer and 534 apparently healthy neighborhood community controls. Information on sociodemographic factors and putative risk factors were collected from each study participant by conducting face-to-face interviews. Genotyping of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) and X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. For statistical analysis, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. We also performed stratified analysis to find out the association of X-ray repair cross complementary genes with the risk of breast cancer stratified based on menstrual status. This study revealed that tryptophan allele (R/W-W/W genotype) in X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.97, P < .05 for R/W-W/W genotype). Moreover, it was found that tryptophan allele (W/W genotype) at codon 194 of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene significantly increased the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal females (crude odds ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.11-2.46, P < .05 for R/W-W/W genotype). The present study did not reveal any significant association of X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer. The present study has explored that X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene polymorphism is significantly associated with the increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal females from northeastern region of India which may be beneficial for prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rekha Devi
- 1 Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Indian Council of Medical Research, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Jishan Ahmed
- 2 Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Kanwar Narain
- 1 Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Indian Council of Medical Research, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Kaustab Mukherjee
- 1 Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Indian Council of Medical Research, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is overexpressed in malignant transformation of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:3203-3209. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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