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Kusama T, Tamada Y, Maeda M, Murata F, Osaka K, Fukuda H, Takeuchi K. Changes in the utilization of outpatient and visiting dental care and per-attendance care cost by age groups during COVID-19 pandemic waves in Japan: A time-series analysis from LIFE study. J Epidemiol 2024:JE20230323. [PMID: 38583946 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on dental care utilization may have differed according to individual characteristics or type of dental care provision. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in dental care utilization and per-attendance costs by age group and type of dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. METHODS This time-series study used healthcare insurance claims data from 01/07/2019 to 09/27/2021 (143 weeks) from nine municipalities in Japan. Dental care utilization rate per week and average dental care cost per attendance by age groups (0-19y/20-64y/65-74y/≥ 75y) and types of dental care (outpatient/visiting) were used as outcome variables. COVID-19 pandemic waves in Japan were used as predictors: 1st (03/23/2020-05/17/2020), 2nd (06/22/2020-09/27/2020), 3rd (10/26/2020-02/21/2021), 4th (02/22/2021-06/07/2021), and 5th (07/05/2021-09/13/2021) waves. Fixed effect models were employed to estimate the proportional changes. RESULTS In the fixed effect model, we observed large declines in dental care utilization during the 1st (17.0-22.0%) and 2nd waves (3.0-13.0%) compared to the non-pandemic wave period in all age groups. In contrast, the average dental care cost per attendance increased in all age groups by 5.2-8.6% during the 1st wave. CONCLUSIONS During the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, dental care utilization decreased in all age groups, whereas the average dental care cost per attendance increased. The COVID-19 pandemic may have changed the dental care provision pattern towards less frequent and more concentrated dental care to avoid the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kusama
- Division of Statistics and Data Science, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yudai Tamada
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Megumi Maeda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Fumiko Murata
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Ken Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Haruhisa Fukuda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Division of Statistics and Data Science, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Limpuangthip N, Salimee P, Vanichanon P. Attitude and performance in controlling dust particles from dental prosthesis and appliance adjustment: a survey of dentists and dental assistants. BDJ Open 2024; 10:26. [PMID: 38503744 PMCID: PMC10951335 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the attitude and practices of dentists and dental assistants in managing dust particles generated during dental prostheses or appliances grinding and polishing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from 207 dentists and 125 dental assistants through an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included adjusted prosthesis types, self-protective methods, types and frequency of protective device use, and reasons for non-frequent use. RESULTS Protective grinding devices, including dust protective boxes and mounted plastic sheets, were commonly used for substantial acrylic resin adjustments, while air blowing was preferred for minor adjustments. Post-COVID-19, there was a 3-fold increase in the use of protective grinding devices among dentists and a 1.3-fold increase among dental assistants. During try-in procedures, dentists commonly rinsed prostheses with water rather than using disinfectants. Non-frequent users adopted self-protection methods, such as face shields and air filters. Surgical drapes and high-volume evacuators were used for patient's protection. CONCLUSION Despite an increased tendency of the use of protective grinding devices following COVID-19, a significant number still report infrequent use. Identified protective devices in this study have drawbacks not fully meeting dentists' expectations. Invention of a more user-friendly device is necessary to ensure regular use, preventing potential toxicity from dust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareudee Limpuangthip
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prarom Salimee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Phanomporn Vanichanon
- Department of Occlusion, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Johnson A, Huang B, Galina IC, Ngo A, Uppgaard R. Splatter generated by oral surgery irrigation and its implication for infection control. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6607-6612. [PMID: 37770667 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the splatter contamination generated by rotary instrumentation and irrigation during simulations of surgical extractions. Specifically, comparisons of the splatters generated were made between traditional assistant-based irrigation and self-irrigating drills and between saline and hydrogen peroxide irrigant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A fluorescein solution was infiltrated into the irrigation system of high-speed drills, and the surgical extraction procedures were performed on manikins with the typodont teeth. Filter papers were placed at the predetermined locations around the operatory to absorb the fluorescein splatters; these samples underwent photographic image analysis. RESULTS The patient chest showed the largest area of splatters, followed by the assistant's face shield. Procedures using the hydrogen peroxide irrigant generated a larger area of splatter than those using the saline irrigant. There was no difference between the splatters produced by assistant irrigation and self-irrigating drill procedures. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should observe and disinfect the locations contaminated by splatters to prevent the spread of infection, since using alternative irrigant or irrigation methods did not reduce the formation of splatters. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral surgery drills with irrigation generate aerosols and splatters, which have potential to spread airborne pathogens. It is important to understand the patterns of splatters to mitigate contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Johnson
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, 7-174 Moos Tower, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Boyen Huang
- Department of Primary Dental Care, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, 15-136C Moos Tower, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Isabella C Galina
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, 7-174 Moos Tower, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Anh Ngo
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, 7-174 Moos Tower, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Rachel Uppgaard
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, 7-174 Moos Tower, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Campus G, Jenni MML, Betancourt MD, Cagetti MG, Giacaman RA, Manton DJ, Douglas GVA, Carvalho JC, Wolf TG. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Dental Professionals' Infection Risk Perception: An International Survey. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6762. [PMID: 37959228 PMCID: PMC10650638 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A global survey among dentists was used to identify the various impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on this professional group. Special attention was given to perception and assessment of infection risk. From May to August 2020, the questionnaire was delivered in 36 countries by respective research groups and was completed by 52,491 dental professionals. The survey was designed as a cross-sectional survey based on a previously standardized questionnaire. This study focuses on the part of the questionnaire that deals with the perception of the infection risk of COVID-19 by dentists and their patients. A logistic regression model was used, which consisted of four Likert items as response options and the additional self-reported routine or emergency treatment as the dependent variable. Analysis by continent found that European and Asian dentists were particularly likely to be infected at work (OR = 1.45 95%CI = 1.02/1.84 and OR = 2.68, 95%CI = 1.45/3.22, respectively), while it was likely that Australian dentists did not feel particularly at risk due to low infection rates. Three quarters of Americans treated only emergencies during this survey period, while Europeans (64.71%) and Asians (66.67%) provided mostly routine care. This could affect the Europeans' confidence that they would not be able to protect themselves from infections in the long-term. The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on dental professionals' infection risk perception is determined by the geographical origin of dentists. This study shows that, especially in high-incidence countries, infection risk perception was higher when dentists tried to provide routine dental procedures to their patients. Dental professionals can offer themselves and their patients good protection by maintaining high standards of hygiene. However, their concerns should be taken seriously and the dental professionals' group that is of great importance for oral health care and prevention, should not be neglected in the future, even in the event of emerging pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Magdalena Marie-Luise Jenni
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Diaz Betancourt
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Grazia Cagetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Rodrigo A. Giacaman
- Cariology and Gerodontology Units, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - David J. Manton
- Cariology, Centrum voor Tandheelkunde en Mondzorgkunde, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gail V. A. Douglas
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joana C. Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Sodhi P, Jiang Y, Lin S, Downey J, Sorenson C, Shayegh M, Sullivan V, Kingsley K, Howard KM. Administration of Clinical COVID-19 Mouthwashing Protocol and Potential Modulation of Pediatric Oral Bacterial Prevalence of Selenomonas noxia: A Pilot Study. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:414-425. [PMID: 37489412 PMCID: PMC10366775 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental office protocols to combat the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic include mouth washing for an extended 60 s, thereby reducing detectable oral virus. However, it is unclear whether this protocol has any effects on the newly identified periodontal pathogen and obesity-related bacterium often found among pediatric patients, Selenomonas noxia. To determine if the mouthwash protocol has any measurable effect on S. noxia amongst pediatric patients, clinical pediatric saliva samples were obtained from pediatric patients during routine visits for clinical care and treatment. Using an approved protocol, two saliva samples were collected on the same visit before and after chlorhexidine mouthwash (Sample A, Sample B). The third sample (Sample C) was taken at the recall appointment-usually between two and eight weeks later. A total of n = 97 pre-mouthwash samples, and an equal number of matching post-mouthwash samples (n = 97) were collected, with a small number of matching recall samples (n = 36) that were subsequently collected and identified. The demographic composition of the study sample was analyzed using Chi square statistics. Sample DNA from the matching pre-, post-, and recall collections (Sample A, Sample B, and Sample C) was isolated and screened using qPCR and validated primers, which revealed that 11.1% (n = 4/36) from Sample A tested positive for S. noxia with 0% (n = 0/36) of Sample B testing positive and 13.9% (n = 5/36) of the recall (Sample C) testing positive. In addition, comparative analysis of the qPCR cycle threshold data revealed relatively lower expression (quantity) of S. noxia DNA among the recall samples, as determined by two-tailed t-tests (p=0.004). These data and results provide new evidence for the oral prevalence of S. noxia among pediatric patients, while also demonstrating that the COVID-19 protocol of mouth washing prior to clinical treatment for periods extending up to 60 s may be sufficient to reduce the levels of detectable S. noxia-at least temporarily. More research will be needed to determine whether these effects may be limited to the short- or may exhibit more lasting effects in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeti Sodhi
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Summer Lin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Jackson Downey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Chase Sorenson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Melika Shayegh
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Victoria Sullivan
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Karl Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Katherine M Howard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
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Pratt A, Eckermann N, Venugopalan SR, Uribe LM, Barlow L, Nonnenmann M. Evaluation of aerosols in a simulated orthodontic debanding procedure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4826. [PMID: 36964164 PMCID: PMC10036970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental practitioners may be at risk for exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 when performing aerosol generating procedures. Though recent evidence suggests that coronavirus may be transmitted through aerosol generating procedures, it is unknown whether common procedures performed in dental clinics generate aerosol. The aim of this study was to simultaneously quantify airborne concentrations of the bacteriophage MS2 near the oral cavity of a dental mannequin and behind personal protective equipment (i.e., face shield) of the practitioner during a simulated orthodontic debanding procedure. A deband was performed eight times on a dental mannequin. Optical particle counters and SKC Biosamplers were used to measure particle concentration and to collect virus aerosol generated during the procedure, both near the oral cavity and behind the orthodontists face shield. A plaque assay was used to determine the viable virus airborne concentration. When comparing the two measuring locations, near the oral cavity and behind the clinician's face shield, there was no statistically significant difference of virus concentrations or particle size distribution. This study suggests that debanding under these conditions generates live virus aerosol and a face shield does not provide increased protection from virus aerosol, but does provide some protection against splatter during the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pratt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Nile Eckermann
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren Barlow
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew Nonnenmann
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Pacho MO, Deeney D, Johnson EA, Bravo BN, Patel K, Latta MA, Belshan MA, Gross SM. Characterization of Ag-Ion Releasing Zeolite Filled 3D Printed Resins. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:jfb14010007. [PMID: 36662054 PMCID: PMC9861246 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been profound growth in the use of 3D printed materials in dentistry in general, including orthodontics. The opportunity to impart antimicrobial properties to 3D printed parts from existing resins requires the capability of forming a stable colloid incorporating antimicrobial fillers. The objective of this research was to characterize a colloid consisting of a 3D printable resin mixed with Ag-ion releasing zeolites and fumed silica to create 3D printed parts with antiviral properties. The final composite was tested for antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1. Antiviral activity was measured in terms of the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 on the composite surface. The inclusion of the zeolite did not interfere with the kinetics measured on the surface of the ATR crystal. While the depth of cure, measured following ISO4049 guidelines, was reduced from 3.8 mm to 1.4 mm in 5 s, this greatly exceeded the resolution required for 3D printing. The colloid was stable for at least 6 months and the rheological behavior was dependent upon the fumed silica loading. The inclusion of zeolites and fumed silica significantly increased the flexural strength of the composite as measured by a 3 point bend test. The composite released approximately 2500 μg/L of silver ion per gram of composite as determined by potentiometry. There was a significant reduction of the average half-life of SARS-CoV-2 (1.9 fold) and HIV-1 (2.7 fold) on the surface of the composite. The inclusion of Ag-ion releasing zeolites into 3D-printable resin can result in stable colloids that generate composites with improved mechanical properties and antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian O. Pacho
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Dylan Deeney
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Emily A. Johnson
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Bryanna N. Bravo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Kishen Patel
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Mark A. Latta
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Michael A. Belshan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Stephen M. Gross
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
- Correspondence:
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Bal C, Aksoy M, Ozturk Z, Unuvar M, Arslan Y. Does combined usage of FFP2 and Surgical mask against SARS-CoV-2 affect SpO 2 values and pulse rates of dental health-care workers? Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:1969-1972. [PMID: 36537452 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Combined use of surgical mask with filtering facepiece (FFP) 2 masks has been popular among the health-care workers. However, the effect of this preference on the vital values of individuals stays as a challenge among the professionals. The present study aimed to assess the effect of FFP2 mask versus combined use of it with surgical mask on the SpO2 values and pulse rates of individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 20 health-care workers. The pulse rates and SpO2 values were evaluated by pulse oximeter placed in the index fingers of the participants. The participants were divided into two groups: those using the FFP2 mask and those using FFP2-surgical mask combination. Individuals wearing FFP2 mask were examined for a period of 60 min and the same examination was repeated for another period of 60 min in those using combination of FFP2 with surgical mask. The values were measured at the beginning and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min intervals, respectively. The examinations were conducted in the rest position to obtain standardization. RESULTS The observed data showed no statistical difference at all periods in either SpO2 values or pulse rates between FFP2 and FFP2-surgical mask combined groups. The SpO2 values reduced from the initial time to 15 min in the FFP2-surgical mask group. Also, in the FFP2-SM group, statistically significant increase in values was observed between 15 and 45 min and 15 and 60 min. Another increase in SpO2 value was found in the observations made between made 30 and 45 min in the same group (P < 0.05). The pulse rates of the individuals showed no statistical difference in both the groups and at all experimental periods (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION According to the present study, wearing only the FFP2 mask or FFP2-surgical mask combination seems not to cause any effect on the SpO2 values and pulse rates of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Health Sciences University Gülhane Dentistry Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Aksoy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Health Sciences University Gülhane Dentistry Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z Ozturk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Health Sciences University Gülhane Dentistry Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Unuvar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Health Sciences University Gülhane Dentistry Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y Arslan
- Department of Chest Disease, Health Sciences University Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Aghili SS, Pourzal A, Mosaddad SA, Amookhteh S. COVID-19 Risk Management in Dental Offices: A Review Article. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: As all the dental staff, including nurses and practitioners, are exposed to various routes of contamination due to the novel COVID-19 virus, which is still unknown to the scientific world, developing strategies to reduce the risk of transmission and decontaminate surfaces in a dental office would be of high importance. Although there is still insufficient data on managing this virus in dental offices, several studies have suggested protocols for improving care.
AIM: This study aimed to review present investigations and reach a conclusion on what we know and need to know to combat this virus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this review, Scopus, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched using the keywords “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Medical Disinfectants,” “Personal Protective Equipment’s,” and “Surface Decontamination.” Articles were reviewed, and finally, relevant articles published during 2000–2022 were included in the final paper.
RESULTS: The present research concluded that using a combination of the face shield and N95 masks protected the eyes, nose, and mouth. To have more efficient protection, water-resistant long-sleeved gowns and gloves were highly suggested. To overcome aerosols, high-performance air filters and ultraviolet were found quite effective. Allowing the patient to use antiseptic mouthwash before starting the treatment could reduce oral microorganisms and the following airborne contamination.
CONCLUSION: This review has gathered all available data regarding dentistry and COVID-19 in order to conclude what has been achieved yet in the prevention of this virus through dental offices; however, more investigations are needed to have a definitive protocol against the virus.
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10
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Ghadirian H, Khami MR, Tabatabaei SN, mirhashemi AH, Bahrami R. COVID-19 vaccination and psychological status of Iranian dental students. Front Public Health 2022; 10:946408. [PMID: 36187676 PMCID: PMC9524372 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.946408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of COVID-19 vaccination with the quality and quantity of sleep, the level of stress, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDs) in Iranian dental students. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional research, we applied a questionnaire including 30 questions on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), sleep quality and quantity, Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), and vaccination status. All vaccinated students of the dental schools located in the city of Tehran were invited to participate in the study. Participants were divided into three groups: those vaccinated for less than a month, those vaccinated for 1-3 months, and those vaccinated for more than 3 months. A paired t-test served for statistical analysis. Results Overall, 171 out of 235 students (72.77%) completed the questionnaire, among which 90 individuals were fully vaccinated, and were included in the data analysis. Stress levels decreased (mean difference = -1.23, p-value = 0.002) and sleep quality and quantity improved mostly 1-3 months after the vaccination (mean difference = -0.5, p-value = 0.016). However, TMD symptoms were mostly alleviated in people vaccinated for more than 3 months (mean difference = -2.86, p-value <0.05). In this respect, no significant difference was observed between the two genders. Conclusion According to the results of the study, vaccination was associated with the improvement of psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended that further longitudinal studies be conducted on larger sample sizes and different age groups by using various data collection methods (especially regarding the assessment of TMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannaneh Ghadirian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khami
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein mirhashemi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rashin Bahrami
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Rashin Bahrami
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11
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Pediatric Dental Emergency Visits and Treatment during Lockdown in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073774. [PMID: 35409461 PMCID: PMC8998070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all the professions of life, particularly the healthcare sector. In dentistry, prevention of viral spread among healthcare professionals and patients was a substantial challenge. The virus can directly or indirectly infect dentists during dental procedures. This study focuses on the purpose of pediatric patients’ emergency visits to dental clinics and the treatments practiced during the lockdown. It compares the purpose of emergency pediatric patient visits in dental clinics and their treatments before, during, and after the lockdown periods. Computerized data for two consecutive years (2019 and 2020), between 19 March and 30 April and after the lockdown period from 1 May to 12 June 2020, were collected from five random dental clinics in Israel. The emergency visits of patients under 18 years before, during, and after the lockdown was organized into demographic characteristics, the purpose of the visits, and the treatments with medication or dental procedures. Categorical variables were compared and correlated with the chi-squared test and Pearson’s test, respectively, by using SPSS version 21. During the lockdown, emergency cases got appointments for a physical checkup. Herein, we found higher cases of emergency visits of pediatric patients with pain (n = 281, 32.6%) than trauma (n = 18, 24.7%), followed by infection (n = 31, 28.4%) and treatment continuation (n = 7, 20.6%) during the lockdown period, compared to before and after the lockdown periods. The patients treated with medication and dental procedures during lockdown were significantly different (p < 0.001) than before and after the lockdown. Extraction (n = 81, 41.5%), filling (n = 84, 50.6%), fluoride (n = 13, 92.9%), and pulp treatment (n = 92, 42.6%) were substantially practiced in pediatric patients during the lockdown. Further, this study confirmed the rapid adaptation of professional dentists to deal with non-vaccinated pediatric patients and reinforced the better preparation and requirements for such challenges in the future.
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Relationship between Psychological Status and Health Behaviors during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111512. [PMID: 34770027 PMCID: PMC8583692 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to be a widespread pandemic. We investigated the relationship between anxiety/stress and health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in homebound Japanese older adults during January and February 2021. We surveyed 1507 community-dwelling, older Japanese adults using a self-administered questionnaire on primary attributes, including family structure, evaluation of psychological anxiety/stress, and health behaviors. Participants were divided into four anxiety/stress groups based on the frequency of experiencing anxiety/stress, and their association with health behaviors was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Responses were received from 469 (31.1%) respondents. In the bivariate analysis, age and family structure were significantly associated with anxiety/stress (p < 0.01). The health behaviors significantly associated with anxiety/stress were walking, balanced eating habits, limited snacking, regular lifestyle, and dental visits. Logistic regression analysis was performed using the variables in the bivariate analysis that showed a significant association with anxiety/stress status as independent variables. Finally, age and dietary habits were significantly associated with anxiety/stress status. No significant associations were found between any other variables. Among older adults living in the rural areas of Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety/stress status was significantly associated with age and dietary habits but not with other health behaviors.
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Plaza-Ruiz SP, Barbosa-Liz DM, Agudelo-Suárez AA. Ventilation and air-conditioning systems in dental clinics and COVID-19: How much do we know? J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e692-e700. [PMID: 34306533 PMCID: PMC8291153 DOI: 10.4317/jced.58119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the association between knowledge and management of ventilation and air-conditioning systems (VAC) to avoid the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in health facilities by dentists and demographic variables.
Material and Methods A cross-sectional digital media survey was administered to dentists as part of global research. The core questionnaire was used including four additional questions on VAC (Q1: knowledge, Q2: work settings, Q3: temperature, and Q4: maintenance). A descriptive analysis was conducted for sociodemographic and VAC variables, and bivariate analysis was carried out using different tests.
Results 5370 dentists answered the survey (median age of 45 years; 72.22% women). About half of the respondents said that they knew about the guidelines issued for the management of air conditioners (AC) during the pandemic, and 16.77% have made modifications to their VAC systems during this period. The most frequent AC temperature range used in the dentists’ offices during the pandemic was 18°C to 20°C. As age increased, self-reported knowledge about VAC guidelines expanded. Remote and rural regions were perceived to have less knowledge of the guidelines.
Conclusions Although perceptions of knowledge about VAC systems during the COVID-19 pandemic was high, the temperature in dental offices was colder than that recommended. Greater disclosure of VAC management practices and adherence to VAC management guidelines are required. Key words:Air conditioning, dentistry, coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia P Plaza-Ruiz
- Orthodontic Posgraduate Program. Faculty of Dentistry, Fundación Universitaria CIEO-UniCIEO. Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana M Barbosa-Liz
- Orthodontic Posgraduate Program. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Lempel E, Szalma J. Effect of spray air settings of speed-increasing contra-angle handpieces on intrapulpal temperatures, drilling times, and coolant spray pattern. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:523-533. [PMID: 34145477 PMCID: PMC8212794 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Decreasing aerosol leaks are of great interest, especially in the recent era of COVID-19. The aim was to investigate intrapulpal heat development, coolant spray patterns, and the preparation efficiency of speed-increasing contra-angle handpieces with the spray air on (mist) or off (water jet) settings during restorative cavity preparations. Methods Standard-sized cavities were prepared in 80 extracted intact human molar teeth using diamond cylindrical drills with a 1:5 speed-increasing contra-angle handpiece. A custom-made device maintained the standardized lateral drilling force (3 N) and predetermined depth. Temperatures were measured using intrapulpal thermocouple probes. The four experimental groups were as follows: mist cooling mode at 15 mL/min (AIR15), water jet cooling mode at 15 mL/min (JET15), mist cooling mode at 30 mL/min (AIR30), and water jet cooling mode at 30 mL/min (JET30). The coolant spray pattern was captured using macro-photo imaging. Results The JET15 group had the highest increase in temperature (ΔT = 6.02 °C), while JET30 (ΔT = 2.24 °C; p < 0.001), AIR15 (ΔT = 3.34 °C; p = 0.042), and AIR30 (ΔT = 2.95 °C; p = 0.003) had significantly lower increases in temperature. Fine mist aerosol was formed in the AIR15 and AIR30 preparations but not in the JET15 and JET30 preparations (p < 0.001). The irrigation mode had no influence on the preparation time (p = 0.672). Conclusions Water jet irrigation using coolant at 30 mL/min appeared to be the optimal mode. Considering the safe intrapulpal temperatures and the absence of fine mist aerosols, this mode can be recommended for restorative cavity preparations. Clinical significance To increase infection control in dental practices, the water jet irrigation mode of speed-increasing handpieces with coolant flow rates of 30 mL/min should be considered for restorative cavity preparations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-021-04030-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lempel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 5. Dischka St, 7621, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, 5. Dischka Gy St, Pécs, 7621, Hungary.
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Gómez-Clavel JF, Morales-Pérez MA, Argumedo G, Trejo-Iriarte CG, García-Muñoz A. Concerns, Knowledge, and Practices of Dentists in Mexico Regarding Infection Control during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060731. [PMID: 34198601 PMCID: PMC8231957 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentists are highly exposed and vulnerable during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as physical proximity to patients is necessary for effective dental examination and treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the concerns, knowledge, and infection control practices of dentists in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study conducted from 22 May 2020 to 8 July 2020, an anonymous survey was distributed to dentists, which covered information regarding dentists' sociodemographic and professional characteristics, clinical practices during the pandemic, and perceptions regarding the application of infection prevention and control guidance for dental settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of 703 respondents, 73.1% (n = 514) were women and 53.6% (n = 377) were dentists with 1-10 years of experience. Regarding the statements issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the responses for 11 survey items had total agreement rates >90% (high frequency); seven and nine items had moderate and low frequency of total agreement, respectively. Most dentists in this study agreed with the WHO and CDC statements and were concerned regarding the possibility of infection, despite using the protective gear.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F. Gómez-Clavel
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Educación y Odontología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(553)-648-5058
| | - Miguel A. Morales-Pérez
- Departamento de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City 11649, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Argumedo
- Departmento de Ciencias Experimentales, CCH Azcapotzalco, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Azcapotzalco 02020, Mexico;
| | - Cynthia G. Trejo-Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Investigación Odontológica Almaraz, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (C.G.T.-I.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Alejandro García-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Investigación Odontológica Almaraz, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (C.G.T.-I.); (A.G.-M.)
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