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Brandt ND, Drewelies J, Willis SL, Schaie KW, Ram N, Gerstorf D, Wagner J. Beyond Big Five trait domains: Stability and change in personality facets across midlife and old age. J Pers 2023; 91:1171-1188. [PMID: 36325745 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulated evidence indicates both stable and malleable parts of inter-individual differences in the broad Big Five domains. Less is known, however, about stability and change at the more diversified facet level. With the current study, we fill this gap by investigating personality stability and change across midlife and old age. METHOD We apply local structural equation measurement models and second-order growth curve models to four waves of data obtained with the full NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) collected over 11 years from 1667 adults (Mage = 62.69 years, SDage = 15.62, 55% female) who participated in the Seattle Longitudinal Study. RESULTS Measurement invariance analyses indicated that the psychometric properties of the NEO-PI-R facets are comparable across time and age. Results revealed substantial rank-order stabilities across all facets, yet the exact pattern varied strongly between facets of the same trait and across traits. Mean-level change of facets from midlife to old age largely mirrored the mean-level change observed for the broader traits. CONCLUSION We discuss conceptual implications and argue that in the face of overall stability across midlife and old age, changes in the rank-ordering of people reveals a much more complex and diverse pattern of development than analyses at the trait level suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naemi D Brandt
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Drewelies
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institut for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sherry L Willis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - K Warner Schaie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenny Wagner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Arslan İB, Lucassen N, de Haan AD, Jongerling J, Bakker AB, Prinzie P. Adolescent personality development as a longitudinal marker for burnout and happiness in emerging adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/01650254231152422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether individual differences in personality (development) from adolescence to emerging adulthood were associated with burnout and happiness in emerging adulthood. At Time 1 (2009; Mage = 15.7 years), Time 2 (2012), and Time 3 (2015), Belgian participants ( N = 329; 43.1% boys) reported on the personality dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness/benevolence, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness/imagination. Burnout (exhaustion, disengagement) and happiness (life satisfaction, overall affect) were measured through self-reports at Time 4 (2018). For each personality dimension, except benevolence, higher levels were associated with fewer burnout symptoms. Initial levels of all personality dimensions were related to more happiness. Shallower decreases in extraversion, emotional stability, and stronger increases in imagination were related to fewer burnout symptoms and more happiness. Results indicate the importance of studying personality development as a determinant of later well-being, above and beyond effects of initial levels. Findings offer new insights into the field of personality, occupational, and positive psychology.
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Gillespie S, Shiner R, Masten AS, Motti-Stefanidi F. Personality development in immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents: Disruption or maturation? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221127386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined gender and immigrant status differences in stability and change in the Big Five traits in a sample of early adolescents in Greece from economically disadvantaged schools with a high immigrant composition (65% first- or second-generation immigrants). Youth in the sample ( N = 1252, 46% female, ages 12–13 at time 1) self-reported Big Five traits annually for 3 years. Mean-level and rank-order stability were examined separately by gender and immigration history. Growth modeling of mean-level scores showed declines in all five personality traits for both genders between ages 12 and 14, followed by increases in conscientiousness for girls and boys, and increases in agreeableness and openness to experience for boys only. In sensitivity analyses, boys showed disruption at all levels of perceived economic stress, but only girls with high levels of perceived economic stress showed disruption. Trajectories were similar for immigrant and non-immigrant youth, suggesting that immigrant youth did not show greater mean-level disruption. However, immigrant youth reported lower means on all traits except emotional stability. Rank-order stability was moderately strong over 3 years and comparable across both genders and immigration histories. Results in this high-risk sample supported the disruption hypothesis and suggest that immigration experiences are associated with personality development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gillespie
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca Shiner
- Psychology Department, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Ann S. Masten
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Frosso Motti-Stefanidi
- Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ni Y, Geldhof GJ, Chen BB, Stawski RS. Maturation or disruption? Conscientiousness development in the transition into adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/01650254221104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research to date has shown longitudinal changes in conscientiousness during early and middle adolescence, but most studies have been conducted in Western countries. The present study aimed to examine the pattern of mean-level conscientiousness change at the transition into early adolescence among a Chinese sample using curve of factors (CUFFS) models. Four waves of data from 661 Chinese children aged 8 years old at baseline in the China Family Panel Studies were used. Parents were asked to rate their children’s level of conscientiousness every 2 years. On average, mean-level conscientiousness showed a decelerating increase. Girls had higher average conscientiousness levels than boys, but they did not differ in change patterns. The inconsistency between the current study and previous research indicates that conscientiousness development may depend, in part, on cultural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ni
- Oregon State University, USA
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Slobodskaya HR. Personality development from early childhood through adolescence. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fumero A, Marrero RJ, Pérez-Albéniz A, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Adolescents' Bipolar Experiences and Suicide Risk: Well-being and Mental Health Difficulties as Mediators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063024. [PMID: 33804197 PMCID: PMC7998787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is usually accompanied by a high suicide risk. The main aim was to identify the risk and protective factors involved in suicide risk in adolescents with bipolar experiences. Of a total of 1506 adolescents, 467 (31%) were included in the group reporting bipolar experiences or symptoms, 214 males (45.8%) and 253 (54.2%) females. The mean age was 16.22 (SD = 1.36), with the age range between 14 and 19. Suicide risk, behavioral and emotional difficulties, prosocial capacities, well-being, and bipolar experiences were assessed through self-report. Mediation analyses, taking gender as a moderator and controlling age as a covariate, were applied to estimate suicide risk. The results indicated that the effect of bipolar experiences on suicide risk is mediated by behavioral and emotional difficulties rather than by prosocial behavior and subjective well-being. Specifically, emotional problems, problems with peers, behavior problems, and difficulties associated with hyperactivity were the most important variables. This relationship was not modulated by gender. However, the indirect effects of some mediators varied according to gender. These results support the development of suicide risk prevention strategies focused on reducing emotional difficulties, behavioral problems, and difficulties in relationships with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ascensión Fumero
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-317-960
| | - Rosario J. Marrero
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Alicia Pérez-Albéniz
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26002 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (E.F.-P.)
| | - Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26002 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (E.F.-P.)
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Slobodskaya HR, Kornienko OS. Age and gender differences in personality traits from early childhood through adolescence. J Pers 2021; 89:933-950. [PMID: 33577083 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most research on personality development has employed self-report questionnaires and concerned individuals older than 10 years. This is the first study to examine mean-level age differences in personality traits from early childhood to late adolescence in the non-Western cultural context. METHOD Personality was measured in two community samples of parent reports of 2-18-year-old children (N = 4,330) and self-reports of 10-19-year-old adolescents (N = 4,663) from Russia by the Inventory of Child Individual Differences-Short version (ICID-S) at the three levels of the hierarchy, the two higher order traits, the Big Five, and lower order traits. RESULTS Across childhood, the Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism traits increased, and the Extraversion and Openness traits decreased. In adolescence, parent-reported Conscientiousness traits increased and Neuroticism traits decreased, whereas youth-rated Alpha and Agreeableness decreased in middle adolescence. There were small gender differences in trait levels and age trends. Parents and youths did not agree on gender differences in age trends for Neuroticism and Extraversion. CONCLUSION The findings support personality maturation from early childhood to late adolescence, with the exception of increasing Neuroticism across childhood, and provide some evidence for the disruption in personality maturation in adolescence. Parents and adolescents may have different perspectives on personality development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena R Slobodskaya
- Department of Child Development and Individual Differences, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga S Kornienko
- Department of Child Development and Individual Differences, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Chavez Arana C, de Pauw SS, van IJzendoorn MH, de Maat DA, Kok R, Prinzie P. No differential susceptibility or diathesis stress to parenting in early adolescence: Personality facets predicting behaviour problems. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Brook CA, Schmidt LA. Lifespan trends in sociability: Measurement invariance and mean-level differences in ages 3 to 86 years. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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McAbee ST, Casillas A, Way JD, Guo F. The HEXACO Model in Education and Work. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Researchers have long been interested in examining relationships between personality traits and performance in applied settings. Although the Big Five remains the most prevalent model of personality, studies adopting an alternative personality model known as the HEXACO model have been increasing in the past decade (e.g., Ashton et al., 2004 ; Lee & Ashton, 2004 ). The aims of the present paper are three-fold: First, we systematically review the literature on the HEXACO model and its applications in educational and work settings. Second, we introduce an emerging applied personality framework for use in educational research and practice, the ACT Behavioral Skills Framework ( Casillas, Way, & Burrus, 2015 ), which is based on the HEXACO model. Third, we offer a number of suggestions for how future research can continue to refine the development and application of the HEXACO model in educational and organizational research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. McAbee
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | | | - Jason D. Way
- Research Division, ACT, Inc., Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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Ong XL, Hong RY, Tsai FF, Tan SH. Becoming more or less mature? The decline of self-control in middle childhood. J Pers 2018; 87:799-812. [PMID: 30273969 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the developmental change in self-control and its association with daily stressful events during middle childhood, as well as the factors that contribute to individual differences in the trajectory of self-control. METHOD A community sample of 302 Singaporean children (42% female, 69% Chinese) and their parents were recruited when the children were age 7. Follow-up assessments were made when the children were ages 8, 9, and 11. Developmental changes were examined using latent growth and autoregressive cross-lagged models. RESULTS Self-control showed a normative decline over time, and this trajectory was associated with an increase in daily stressful events. There was partial evidence for a reciprocal relationship between self-control and daily stressful events over time. Moreover, the child temperament dimension of effortful control (assessed at age 7) mitigated the decline in self-control, whereas low socioeconomic status predicted lower initial levels of self-control. CONCLUSIONS This study advances current understanding on the developmental change in self-control during middle childhood, as well as the factors that shape the direction and magnitude of this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ling Ong
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Family and Population Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryan Y Hong
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Family and Population Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seok Hui Tan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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