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Hasuneh MM, Toubasi AA, Khraisat B, Aldabbas H, Al-Iede M. Risk Factors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Pediatr Health Care 2024:S0891-5245(24)00138-X. [PMID: 38980242 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review aimed to assess the risk factors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in pediatric children, a common condition with serious long-term sequela. METHODS PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords "Apnea", "Obstructive Sleep" OR "Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome" AND "Child" OR "Children" OR "Pediatrics". Data from 35 studies involving 497,688 pediatric patients diagnosed with OSA using polysomnography were reviewed. Risk factors examined included sex, obesity, neck circumference, tonsillar/adenoid hypertrophy, respiratory infections, nasal stenosis, parental OSA/smoking, ethnicity, preterm birth, and breastfeeding history. Relative Risk (RR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were calculated, using Cochrane Q and I² statistics to estimate heterogeneity. RESULTS Tonsillar hypertrophy (RR = 3.55), adenoid hypertrophy (RR = 1.63), respiratory tract infection (RR = 2.59), obesity (RR = 1.74), and family history of OSA (RR = 3.03) were significantly associated with pediatric OSA. White ethnicity was protective (RR = 0.77). DISCUSSION Recognizing these risk factors aids in early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar M Hasuneh
- Manar M. Hasuneh, Ahmad A. Toubasi, Bann Khraisat, Hamdi Aldabbas, Montaha AL-Iede, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A Toubasi
- Manar M. Hasuneh, Ahmad A. Toubasi, Bann Khraisat, Hamdi Aldabbas, Montaha AL-Iede, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bann Khraisat
- Manar M. Hasuneh, Ahmad A. Toubasi, Bann Khraisat, Hamdi Aldabbas, Montaha AL-Iede, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Aldabbas
- Manar M. Hasuneh, Ahmad A. Toubasi, Bann Khraisat, Hamdi Aldabbas, Montaha AL-Iede, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Montaha Al-Iede
- Manar M. Hasuneh, Ahmad A. Toubasi, Bann Khraisat, Hamdi Aldabbas, Montaha AL-Iede, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; Montaha AL-Iede, Division of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Pediatric Department, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan..
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Leung AKC, Wong AHC, Hon KL. Childhood Obesity: An Updated Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:2-26. [PMID: 35927921 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220801093225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is an important and serious public health problem worldwide. OBJECTIVE This article aims to familiarize physicians with the evaluation, management, and prevention of childhood. METHODS A PubMed search was conducted in May, 2021, in Clinical Queries using the key terms "obesity" OR "obese". The search included clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, meta-analyses, observational studies, clinical guidelines, case reports, case series, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and children. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. RESULTS Most obese children have exogenous obesity characterized by a growth rate for height above the 50th percentile, normal intelligence, normal genitalia, and lack of historical or physical evidence of an endocrine abnormality or a congenital syndrome. Obese children are at risk for dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, psychosocial disturbances, impaired quality of life, and shorter life expectancy. The multitude of serious comorbidities necessitates effective treatment modalities. Dietary modification, therapeutic exercise, and behavioral modification are the fundamentals of treatment. Pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery should be considered for obese individuals who do not respond to the above measures and suffer from a serious comorbid condition. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity, once established, is often refractory to treatment. Most treatment programs lead to a brief period of weight loss, followed by rapid re-accumulation of the lost weight after the termination of therapy. As such, preventive activity is the key to solving the problem of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity can be prevented by promoting a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and lifestyle modification. Parents should be encouraged to get involved in school and community programs that improve their children's nutritional status and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alex H C Wong
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Medeiros-Oliveira VC, Viana RS, Oliveira ACD, Nascimento-Ferreira MV, De Moraes ACF. Are sleep time and quality associated with inflammation in children and adolescents? A systematic review. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102327. [PMID: 37519445 PMCID: PMC10372182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep restriction in children can trigger the development of problems such as impaired cognition, behavioral problems, cardiovascular problems, and obesity. In addition, the inflammatory profile of children can also be influenced by sleep restriction. The aimed to review and analyze the association between time and sleep quality with inflammatory biomarkers in children and adolescents. Three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched from August 30, 2022. The search strategy used the following descriptors: children and adolescents; sleep, and inflammatory profile. This review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020188969). We obtained 2.724 results of articles with potentially relevant titles. Sixteen percent of the articles were excluded because they were duplicates, 84.3% were excluded after reading the title, and 0.9% were studied from systematic reviews or textbooks (0.9%). Accelerometers are the most commonly used method for the objective measurement of sleep time, while the PSQI questionnaire is the most commonly used subjective method to measure sleep quality. The results indicated an inconsistent association between sleep time and CRP in the literature. Sixty percent of studies used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for subjective assessment of sleep quality and possible sleep disorders. However, only one retrieved study showed significant association between sleep quality and CRP. Thus, sleep time does not present significant association with inflammatory biomarkers; whereas, poor sleep quality shows positive association with CRP with a lower magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cassia Medeiros-Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- YCARE (Youth/Child and cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raytta Silva Viana
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- YCARE (Youth/Child and cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Vinicius Nascimento-Ferreira
- YCARE (Youth/Child and cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- HEALTh, pHYsical activity, and Behavior ReseArch (HEALTHY-BRA) Group, Federal University of Tocantins, Miracema do Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Augusto César Ferreira De Moraes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- YCARE (Youth/Child and cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health Austin Campus, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Science, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Austin, TX, USA
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Bhattacharjee EB, Sun X, Malhotra A, Tantisira KG, Landeo‐Gutierrez JS, Jain S, Bhattacharjee R. Association of body anthropometry and obstructive sleep apnea in children: Variations observed in Hispanic children. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:210-217. [PMID: 37287517 PMCID: PMC10242256 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Obesity is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. Childhood obesity rates vary amongst different ethnic groups. Here the interaction of Hispanic ethnicity and obesity on OSA risk was evaluated. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of consecutive children undergoing polysomnography and anthropometry using bioelectrical impedance from 2017 to 2020. Demographics obtained from the medical chart. Children who had also undergone cardiometabolic testing were identified and the relationship of cardiometabolic markers with OSA and anthropometry was assessed. Results Data from 1217 children revealed Hispanic children were more likely to have moderate-severe OSA (36.0%) compared to Non-Hispanic children (26.5%), p < 0.001. Hispanic children had greater Body mass index (BMI), BMI percentile and percent body fat, p < 0.0001. In children that underwent cardiometabolic testing, Hispanic children had significantly greater serum alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT) levels. Following adjustment of age and sex, Hispanic ethnicity was not found to moderate the association of anthropometry with OSA, anthropometry with cardiometabolic markers, and OSA with cardiometabolic markers. Conclusions OSA was more likely in Hispanic children; this relationship was likely driven by obesity status rather than ethnicity. Among children undergoing cardiometabolic testing, Hispanic children were observed to have greater ALT concentrations however ethnicity did not impact the association of anthropometry and ALT or other cardiometabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Biostatistics Research CenterHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity ScienceUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kelan G. Tantisira
- Division of Respiratory MedicineDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeremy S. Landeo‐Gutierrez
- Division of Respiratory MedicineDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sonia Jain
- Biostatistics Research CenterHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity ScienceUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rakesh Bhattacharjee
- Division of Respiratory MedicineDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Howarth TP, Gentin N, Reyes-Chicuellar N, Jonas C, Williamson B, Blecher G, Widger J, Heraganahally SS. Sleep quality and obstructive sleep apnoea in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian children. Sleep Med 2022; 98:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Much Ado about Sleep: Current Concepts on Mechanisms and Predisposition to Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8111032. [PMID: 34828745 PMCID: PMC8623682 DOI: 10.3390/children8111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a form of sleep-disordered breathing characterized by upper airway collapse during sleep resulting in recurring arousals and desaturations. However, many aspects of this syndrome in children remain unclear. Understanding underlying pathogenic mechanisms of OSA is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies. In this article, we review current concepts surrounding the mechanism, pathogenesis, and predisposing factors of pediatric OSA. Specifically, we discuss the biomechanical properties of the upper airway that contribute to its primary role in OSA pathogenesis and examine the anatomical and neuromuscular factors that predispose to upper airway narrowing and collapsibility.
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Blunden S, Fatima Y, Yiallourou S. Sleep health in Indigenous Australian children: a systematic review. Sleep Med 2021; 80:305-314. [PMID: 33618099 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND The health and wellbeing of Indigenous Australian children has long been an issue of concern. However, to date there is a lack of attention to sleep health (particularly education and appropriate health service availability) in Indigenous Australians. The present review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sleep problems in Indigenous Australians children. METHOD Up to August 2020, a systematic search using the keywords: "sleep problems"; "sleep disturbances"; "sleep quality"," "sleep disorder"; "sleep apnoea"; "obstructive sleep apnoea"; "OSA"; and "sleep-disordered breathing" AND "Indigenous Australians"; "Aboriginal"; "Torres Strait Islander"; was conducted on PubMed; Informit Indigenous Collection Scopus and CINAHL; "LIt.search tool" from the Lowitja Institute; Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Google Scholar (advanced), government agencies and relevant grey literature. RESULTS The search found only 13 studies focusing on sleep issues in Indigenous Australian children (birth to 17 years) with a pool of up to 4664 participants with 11 community-based studies (using mostly parental or self-report) and two in clinical populations (sleep laboratory). Three studies were longitudinal, all others were cross-sectional. Insomnia symptoms varied from 15% to 34.7%. Indigenous children reported severe daytime sleepiness (20%), short sleep (10.9%) late sleepers (50%). Snoring was reported in 14.2% with children in the community while up to 51% were objectively diagnosed to have OSA in a clinical setting. CONCLUSION The availability of only 13 studies investigating paediatric Indigenous sleep highlights the paucity of data in this area. Compared with non-indigenous people, Indigenous children are significantly more likely to experience short sleep duration and a high proportion reported symptoms of sleep disordered breathing. Working and conferring with Indigenous communities is an opportunity to engage in partnerships to improve sleep health and subsequently general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blunden
- Appleton Institute of Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, 44 Greenhill Rd, Wayville, Adelaide, South Australia, 5034, Australia.
| | - Y Fatima
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, Australia.
| | - S Yiallourou
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic, 3004, Australia.
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8
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Horne RSC. Consequences of paediatric sleep disordered breathing: contributions from Australian and New Zealand investigators. Sleep Med 2020; 77:147-160. [PMID: 33373901 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To highlight the contributions of Australian and New Zealand researchers to the identification of the consequences of paediatric sleep disordered breathing (SDB). METHODS A search was conducted in PubMed using the terms "sleep disordered breathing" "child" and "Australia or New Zealand". All abstracts were reviewed and those which focused on the consequences of SDB have been included. RESULTS Australasian research into the consequences of SDB has grown exponentially over the last 35 years. SDB has significant adverse consequences for quality of life, behaviour, neurocognition and the cardiovascular system and the Australasian research studies investigating these are summarised. CONCLUSIONS Australian and New Zealand researchers have played a significant role in understanding the consequences of paediatric SDB and the mechanisms which underpin these. The research conducted "Downunder" has led the world in this field of research and will continue to provide evidence to improve the lives of children not only in Australasia but around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary S C Horne
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Level 5, Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Rd, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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Burns AT, Hansen SL, Turner ZS, Aden JK, Black AB, Hsu DP. Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension in Pediatric Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and a Cardiology Evaluation: A Retrospective Analysis. J Clin Sleep Med 2020; 15:1081-1087. [PMID: 31482829 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been reported as a serious complication of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children; however, estimated prevalence rates vary widely (zero to 85%). The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of PH in children with OSA and identify factors that may predict an increased PH risk in children with OSA. METHODS A retrospective review of all pediatric beneficiaries (88,058) in the San Antonio Military Health System with a diagnosis of OSA and a clinical evaluation by a pediatric cardiologist. OSA severity and nadir oxygen saturation were recorded from overnight polysomnography. Reason for referral, comorbid disorders, echocardiogram results, and cardiac diagnoses were obtained from cardiology records. RESULTS OSA was identified in 2,020 pediatric patients (2.3%). A pediatric cardiology consultation was reported for 296 patients with OSA. After excluding 95 patients for incorrect OSA diagnoses, incomplete data, or OSA treatment before cardiology evaluation, 163 patients were included in the final analysis. A diagnosis of PH was found in 3 patients with OSA (1.8%). Two of these patients had obesity, and all three had comorbid cardiac disorders. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of PH in pediatric patients with OSA is low and none of the patients with PH had severe OSA. Current guidelines recommend PH screening in patients with severe OSA, yet OSA severity may not accurately predict risk. Factors evaluated in this study did not demonstrate an increased PH risk; additional research is necessary to improve screening in pediatric patients with OSA. CITATION Burns AT, Hansen SL, Turner ZS, Aden JK, Black AB, Hsu DP. Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea and a cardiology evaluation: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(8):1081-1087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette T Burns
- Department of Sleep Medicine, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shana L Hansen
- Department of Sleep Medicine, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Zachary S Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, Texas
| | - James K Aden
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alexander B Black
- Department of Pediatrics, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Daniel P Hsu
- Department of Sleep Medicine, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, Texas
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10
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Salas-Crisóstomo M, Torterolo P, Veras AB, Rocha NB, Machado S, Murillo-Rodríguez E. Therapeutic Approaches for the Management of Sleep Disorders in Geriatric Population. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4775-4785. [PMID: 30182852 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180904113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging is a natural biological phenomenon that occurs in human beings. With increasing of age, there is an appearance of deleterious changes related to progression onto pathological conditions, including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, hearing and vision impairments, as well as sleep disorders. It is important to recognize that some sleep disturbances reported by aged subjects include insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, among others. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that coexistence of medical issues with sleep disorders constitutes clinical challenges for treatment of comorbidities in elderly. Here, we have attempted to review and summarize the available literature that assesses the sleep disturbances in aging. In addition, we highlight the management of sleep disorders associated with aging. Due to the particular health condition of aged adults, the development of effective pharmacological interventions for sleep disorders treatment in aging is warranted. METHODS Review of studies retrieved from the PubMed. RESULTS The sleep-wake cycle includes abnormalities classified as sleep disorders. Comorbidity between sleep disturbances and aging-related health issues will represent a public health challenge to be addressed in the near future. Moreover, this scenario will suggest an area that requires further drug investigation and design of new pharmacological and pharmaceutical strategies to treat sleep disorders in the elderly population. CONCLUSION The review highlights the sleep disturbances in aging. We focus on current knowledge in medicinal chemistry and further design of new treatments tools for managing sleep disturbances in the aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Salas-Crisóstomo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas. Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, México.,Grupo de Investigacion en Envejecimiento. Division Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac Mayab. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Neurobiologia del Sueno. Depto. de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - André Barciela Veras
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Institute of Psychiatry. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Dom Bosco Catholic University. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso del Sur, Brazil
| | - Nuno Barbosa Rocha
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Health School Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.,Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program of Salgado de Oliveira University. Niterói, Brazil
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas. Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, México.,Grupo de Investigacion en Envejecimiento. Division Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac Mayab. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Izumi S, Hong G, Iwasaki K, Izumi M, Matsuyama Y, Chiba M, Toda T, Kudo TA. Gustatory Salivation Is Associated with Body Mass Index, Daytime Sleepiness, and Snoring in Healthy Young Adults. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 240:153-165. [PMID: 27760896 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.240.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The taste detection system for oral fatty acid may be related to obesity. In addition, sleep is intrinsically and closely related to food intake and metabolism. However, the association of gustatory salivation with body mass index (BMI), daytime sleepiness, or sleep habits is largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between gustatory salivation and BMI, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS, a daytime sleepiness scale) or sleep habits among 26 healthy young individuals (20 males and 6 females; mean age: 26.0 ± 4.3 years). We also measured the saliva flow rate (SFR) that was induced by gum-chewing or each of three prototypical tastants (acetic acid, sucrose, and NaCl). Further, the SFR was induced by fatty acid, provided as oleic acid (OA) homogenized in non-fat milk. All participants showed normal rates of salivation during resting and gum-chewing states. The increase in the SFR induced by OA, but not by each of the three tastants, was associated with BMI. Moreover, both daytime sleepiness level and frequency of snoring were associated with the increase in the SFR induced by NaCl. These results suggest that BMI is associated with salivation induced by oral fatty acid exposure. Additionally, the regulatory mechanism for the NaCl-induced salivation reflex may have a relationship with impairments of the respiratory control system that are related to snoring during sleep and lead to daytime sleepiness because of insufficient sleep. Thus, measurement of gustatory salivation might contribute to the evaluation and prevention of obesity and sleep-related breathing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Izumi
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
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12
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Kheirandish-Gozal L, Gozal D. Pediatric OSA Syndrome Morbidity Biomarkers: The Hunt Is Finally On! Chest 2016; 151:500-506. [PMID: 27720883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since initial reports 40 years ago on pediatric OSA syndrome (OSAS) as a distinct and prevalent clinical entity, substantial advances have occurred in the delineation of diagnostic and treatment approaches. However, despite emerging and compelling evidence that OSAS increases the risk for cognitive, cardiovascular, and metabolic end-organ morbidities, routine assessment of such morbidities is seldom conducted in clinical practice. One of the major reasons for such discrepancies resides in the relatively labor-intensive and onerous steps that would be required to detect the presence of any of such morbidities, further adding to the already elevated cost of diagnosing the disorder. To circumvent these obstacles, the search for biomarker signatures of pediatric OSA and its cognitive and cardiometabolic consequences was launched, and considerable progress has occurred since then. Here, we review the current evidence for the presence of morbidity-related biomarkers among children with OSAS, and explore future opportunities in this promising arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kheirandish-Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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13
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Parola M, Vajro P. Nocturnal hypoxia in obese-related obstructive sleep apnea as a putative trigger of oxidative stress in pediatric NAFLD progression. J Hepatol 2016; 65:470-2. [PMID: 27501737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Parola
- Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, University of Torino, Italy.
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Dept. Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Salerno, Italy
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14
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Banda C. Obstructive sleep apnoea in obese Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. J Paediatr Child Health 2016; 52:785-6. [PMID: 27439645 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clever Banda
- University of Queensland, Hervey Bay Rural Clinical School, Hervey Bay Hospital, Urraween Street, Hervey Bay, Queensland, 4655, Australia.
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Kassim R, Harris MA, Leong GM, Heussler H. Reply to obstructive sleep apnoea in obese aboriginal and torres strait islander children. J Paediatr Child Health 2016; 52:786. [PMID: 27439647 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Kassim
- Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Gary M Leong
- Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen Heussler
- Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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