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Bruni O, Breda M, Nobili L, Fietze I, Capdevila ORS, Gronfier C. European expert guidance on management of sleep onset insomnia and melatonin use in typically developing children. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2955-2964. [PMID: 38625388 PMCID: PMC11192690 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Sleeping problems are prevalent among children and adolescents, often leading to frequent consultations with pediatricians. While cognitive-behavioral therapy has shown effectiveness, especially in the short term, there is a lack of globally endorsed guidelines for the use of pharmaceuticals or over-the-counter remedies in managing sleep onset insomnia. An expert panel of pediatric sleep specialists and chronobiologists met in October 2023 to develop practical recommendations for pediatricians on the management of sleep onset insomnia in typically developing children. When sleep onset insomnia is present in otherwise healthy children, the management should follow a stepwise approach. Practical sleep hygiene indications and adaptive bedtime routine, followed by behavioral therapies, must be the first step. When these measures are not effective, low-dose melatonin, administered 30-60 min before bedtime, might be helpful in children over 2 years old. Melatonin use should be monitored by pediatricians to evaluate the efficacy as well as the presence of adverse effects. Conclusion: Low-dose melatonin is a useful strategy for managing sleep onset insomnia in healthy children who have not improved or have responded insufficiently to sleep hygiene and behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Bruni
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Breda
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ingo Fietze
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Southwest Medical University Affiliated Zigong Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Oscar Ramon Sans Capdevila
- Sleep Unit at the Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- International University of Catalonia (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Neurocampus, Waking Team, Inserm UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
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Mohammadian N, Didikoglu A, Beach C, Wright P, Mouland JW, Martial FP, Johnson S, van Tongeren M, Brown TM, Lucas RJ, Casson AJ. A Wrist-Worn Internet of Things Sensor Node for Wearable Equivalent Daylight Illuminance Monitoring. IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2024; 11:16148-16157. [PMID: 38765485 PMCID: PMC11100858 DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2024.3355330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Light exposure is a vital regulator of physiology and behavior in humans. However, monitoring of light exposure is not included in current wearable Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and only recently have international standards defined [Formula: see text] -optic equivalent daylight illuminance (EDI) measures for how the eye responds to light. This article reports a wearable light sensor node that can be incorporated into the IoT to provide monitoring of EDI exposure in real-world settings. We present the system design, electronic performance testing, and accuracy of EDI measurements when compared to a calibrated spectral source. This includes consideration of the directional response of the sensor, and a comparison of performance when placed on different parts of the body, and a demonstration of practical use over 7 days. Our device operates for 3.5 days between charges, with a sampling period of 30 s. It has 10 channels of measurement, over the range 415-910 nm, balancing accuracy and cost considerations. Measured [Formula: see text]-opic EDI results for 13 devices show a mean absolute error of less than 0.07 log lx, and a minimum between device correlation of 0.99. These findings demonstrate that accurate light sensing is feasible, including at wrist worn locations. We provide an experimental platform for use in future investigations in real-world light exposure monitoring and IoT-based lighting control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Mohammadian
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials and the Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Altug Didikoglu
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Christopher Beach
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials and the Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Paul Wright
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Joshua W. Mouland
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Franck P. Martial
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Sheena Johnson
- People, Management and Organisation Division, Alliance Manchester Business SchoolThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Timothy M. Brown
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Robert J. Lucas
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Alexander J. Casson
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials and the Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
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Ecochard R, Stanford JB, Fehring RJ, Schneider M, Najmabadi S, Gronfier C. Evidence that the woman's ovarian cycle is driven by an internal circamonthly timing system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg9646. [PMID: 38598621 PMCID: PMC11006216 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The ovarian cycle has a well-established circa-monthly rhythm, but the mechanisms involved in its regularity are unknown. Is the rhythmicity driven by an endogenous clock-like timer or by other internal or external processes? Here, using two large epidemiological datasets (26,912 cycles from 2303 European women and 4786 cycles from 721 North American women), analyzed with time series and circular statistics, we find evidence that the rhythmic characteristics of the menstrual cycle are more likely to be explained by an endogenous clock-like driving mechanism than by any other internal or external process. We also show that the menstrual cycle is weakly but significantly influenced by the 29.5-day lunar cycle and that the phase alignment between the two cycles differs between the European and the North American populations. Given the need to find efficient treatments of subfertility in women, our results should be confirmed in larger populations, and chronobiological approaches to optimize the ovulatory cycle should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Ecochard
- Pôle de Santé Publique, Service de Biostatistique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69424 Cedex 03, France
- Laboratoire Biostatistique Santé, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, UMR CNRS 5558 UCBL, Lyon 69000, France
| | - John B. Stanford
- Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84108 UT, USA
| | - Richard J. Fehring
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881 WI, USA
| | - Marie Schneider
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881 WI, USA
- Institute for Natural Family Planning, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881 WI, USA
| | - Sam Najmabadi
- Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84108 UT, USA
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Neurocampus, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69500, France
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4
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Liao J, Yu C, Cai J, Tian R, Li X, Wang H, Li L, Song G, Fu L, Li X, Ge Q, Zhang L, Liu Z, Xiao C. The association between artificial light at night and gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study from China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170849. [PMID: 38350570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) may be associated with diabetes. However, limited research explores the relationship between outdoor ALAN and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS We utilized data from a multilevel infant and early life cohort study conducted in Sichuan Province, China, between February 2018 and April 2021. A total of 9,120 participants were included in the final analysis. Outdoor ALAN exposure at participants' residential locations was estimated using time-varying satellite data, focusing on persistent night-time illumination at a scale of approximately 500x500m. The information about GDM was obtained from medical records. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were employed to estimate the association between ALAN exposure during pregnancy and GDM. RESULTS Among the total recruitments, 1,484 (16.27%) women were diagnosed with GDM. Compared to women without GDM, those with GDM had a significantly higher mean outdoor ALAN exposure during pregnancy (18.98 nW/cm2/sr1 vs 24.28 nW/cm2/sr1, P < 0.001). Results from multivariable logistic models showed that higher outdoor ALAN exposure during pregnancy could increase the risk of GDM (OR (95% CI) 1st+2nd trimesters ALAN = 1.253 (1.157-1.356)). Meanwhile, results from the restricted cubic spline further indicated a non-linear association between outdoor ALAN exposure during pregnancy and GDM. Generally, with the radiance of the first two trimesters of ALAN increasing to about 17.9 nW/cm2/sr1, outdoor ALAN exposure became a risk factor for GDM. However, when the radiance of ALAN reached about 40.7 nW/cm2/sr1, the continued increasing OR estimation (OR (95% CI) = 1.489 (1.223-1.814)) of outdoor ALAN changed to steady. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that high levels of outdoor ALAN exposure during pregnancy can be associated with an increased risk of GDM, and a non-linear relationship pattern might exist. These findings substantially augment existing evidence, positing outdoor ALAN as an emergent, modifiable risk factor for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Liao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Chuan Yu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Jiarui Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Run Tian
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Child Health, Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University; Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guishuang Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Leyao Fu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Xinxi Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Qiaoyue Ge
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Med-X center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University; Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University; Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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5
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Abid R, Ammar A, Maaloul R, Boudaya M, Souissi N, Hammouda O. Nocturnal Smartphone Use Affects Sleep Quality and Cognitive and Physical Performance in Tunisian School-Age Children. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:856-869. [PMID: 38667810 PMCID: PMC11048860 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nocturnal smartphone use emits blue light, which can adversely affect sleep, leading to a variety of negative effects, particularly in children. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of acute (AC) (one night) and repeated (RC) (five nights) nocturnal smartphone exposure on sleep, cortisol, and next-day performance in Tunisian children. Thirteen participants (seven girls and six boys, age 9 ± 0.6, height 1.32 ± 0.06, weight 34.47 ± 4.41) attended six experimental nights. The experiment started with a baseline night (BL) with no smartphone exposure, followed by repeated sessions of nocturnal smartphone exposure lasting 90 minutes (08:00 pm-09:30 pm). Actigraphy; salivary cortisol; the Stroop test (selective attention); choice reaction time (CRT); N-back (working memory); counter-movement jump (CMJ), composed of flight time (time spent in the CMJ flight phase) and jump height; and a 30 m sprint were assessed the morning after each condition. Both AC and RC shortened total sleep time (TST) (p < 0.01), with a greater decrease with RC (-46.7 min, ∆% = -9.46) than AC (-28.8 min, ∆% = -5.8) compared to BL. AC and RC significantly increased waking after sleep onset (3.5 min, ∆% = 15.05, to 9.9 min, ∆% = 43.11%) and number of errors made on the Stroop test (1.8 error, ∆% = 74.23, to 3.07 error, ∆% = 97.56%). Children made 0.15 and 0.8 more errors (∆% = 6.2 to 57.61%) and spent 46.9 s and 71.6 s more time on CRT tasks (∆% = 7.22 to 11.11%) with AC and RC, respectively, compared to BL. The high-interference index of the Stroop task, CMJ performance, and 30 m sprint speed were only altered (p < 0.01) following RC (0.36, Δ% = 41.52%; -34 s, Δ% = -9.29%, for flight time and -1.23 m, -8.72%, for jump height; 0.49 s, Δ% = 6.48, respectively) when compared to BL. In conclusion, one- or five-night exposure to smartphones disturbed the children's sleep quality and their performance, with more pronounced effects following RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Abid
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia;
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Rami Maaloul
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Mariem Boudaya
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia;
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
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6
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Blume C, Cajochen C, Schöllhorn I, Slawik HC, Spitschan M. Effects of calibrated blue-yellow changes in light on the human circadian clock. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:590-605. [PMID: 38135734 PMCID: PMC10963261 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Evening exposure to short-wavelength light can affect the circadian clock, sleep and alertness. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells expressing melanopsin are thought to be the primary drivers of these effects. Whether colour-sensitive cones also contribute is unclear. Here, using calibrated silent-substitution changes in light colour along the blue-yellow axis, we investigated whether mechanisms of colour vision affect the human circadian system and sleep. In a 32.5-h repeated within-subjects protocol, 16 healthy participants were exposed to three different light scenarios for 1 h starting 30 min after habitual bedtime: baseline control condition (93.5 photopic lux), intermittently flickering (1 Hz, 30 s on-off) yellow-bright light (123.5 photopic lux) and intermittently flickering blue-dim light (67.0 photopic lux), all calibrated to have equal melanopsin excitation. We did not find conclusive evidence for differences between the three lighting conditions regarding circadian melatonin phase delays, melatonin suppression, subjective sleepiness, psychomotor vigilance or sleep.The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 9 September 2020. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13050215.v1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Blume
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Schöllhorn
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helen C Slawik
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Translational Sensory and Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
- TUM Department Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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7
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Spitschan M, Vidafar P, Cain SW, Phillips AJK, Lambert BC. Power Analysis for Human Melatonin Suppression Experiments. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:114-128. [PMID: 38534797 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, the nocturnal secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland is suppressed by ocular exposure to light. In the laboratory, melatonin suppression is a biomarker for this neuroendocrine pathway. Recent work has found that individuals differ substantially in their melatonin-suppressive response to light, with the most sensitive individuals being up to 60 times more sensitive than the least sensitive individuals. Planning experiments with melatonin suppression as an outcome needs to incorporate these individual differences, particularly in common resource-limited scenarios where running within-subjects studies at multiple light levels is costly and resource-intensive and may not be feasible with respect to participant compliance. Here, we present a novel framework for virtual laboratory melatonin suppression experiments, incorporating a Bayesian statistical model. We provide a Shiny web app for power analyses that allows users to modify various experimental parameters (sample size, individual-level heterogeneity, statistical significance threshold, light levels), and simulate a systematic shift in sensitivity (e.g., due to a pharmacological or other intervention). Our framework helps experimenters to design compelling and robust studies, offering novel insights into the underlying biological variability in melatonin suppression relevant for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spitschan
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Research Group Translational Sensory and Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Parisa Vidafar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sean W Cain
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew J K Phillips
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ben C Lambert
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK
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8
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Najjar RP, Prayag AS, Gronfier C. Melatonin suppression by light involves different retinal photoreceptors in young and older adults. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12930. [PMID: 38241677 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Age-related sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances may be due to altered nonvisual photoreception. Here, we investigated the temporal dynamics of light-induced melatonin suppression in young and older individuals. In a within-subject design study, young and older participants were exposed for 60 min (0030-0130 at night) to nine narrow-band lights (range: 420-620 nm). Plasma melatonin suppression was calculated at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min time intervals. Individual spectral sensitivity of melatonin suppression and photoreceptor contribution were predicted for each interval and age group. In young participants, melanopsin solely drove melatonin suppression at all time intervals, with a peak sensitivity at 485.3 nm established only after 15 min of light exposure. Conversely, in older participants, spectral light-driven melatonin suppression was best explained by a more complex model combining melanopsin, S-cone, and M-cone functions, with a stable peak (~500 nm) at 30, 45, and 60 min of light exposure. Aging is associated with a distinct photoreceptor contribution to melatonin suppression by light. While in young adults melanopsin-only photoreception is a reliable predictor of melatonin suppression, in older individuals this process is jointly driven by melanopsin, S-cone, and M-cone functions. These findings offer new prospects for customizing light therapy for older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Najjar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Visual Neurosciences Group, ASPIRE Research Program, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Visual Sciences and Ophthalmology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Innovation & Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhishek S Prayag
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Waking Team, Inserm UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Waking Team, Inserm UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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9
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Zeng X, Soreze TSC, Ballegaard M, Petersen PM. Integrative Lighting Aimed at Patients with Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:806-830. [PMID: 38131751 PMCID: PMC10742818 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of circadian lighting-induced melatonin suppression on patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders in hospital wards by using an ad-hoc metrology framework and the subsequent metrics formalized by the CIE in 2018. A measurement scheme was conducted in hospital ward rooms in the Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, at Roskilde in Denmark, to evaluate the photometric and colorimetric characteristics of the lighting system, as well as its influence on the circadian rhythm of the occupants. The measurement scheme included point measurements and data logging, using a spectrophotometer mounted on a tripod with adjustable height to assess the newly installed circadian lighting system. The measured spectra were uploaded to the Luox platform to calculate illuminance, CCT, MEDI, etc., in accordance with the CIE S026 standard. Furthermore, the MLIT based on MEDI data logging results was calculated. In addition to CIE S026, we have investigated the usefulness of melatonin suppression models for the assessment of circadian performance regarding measured light. From the results, the lighting conditions in the patient room for both minimal and abundant daylight access were evaluated and compared; we found that access to daylight is essential for both illumination and circadian entrainment. It can be concluded that the measurement scheme, together with the use of the Luox platform and Canva template, is suitable for the accurate and satisfactory measurement of integrative lighting that aligns with CIE requirements and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxi Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (X.Z.); (P.M.P.)
| | - Thierry Silvio Claude Soreze
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (X.Z.); (P.M.P.)
| | - Martin Ballegaard
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Michael Petersen
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (X.Z.); (P.M.P.)
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Spitschan M, Kervezee L, Lok R, McGlashan E, Najjar RP. ENLIGHT: A consensus checklist for reporting laboratory-based studies on the non-visual effects of light in humans. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104889. [PMID: 38043137 PMCID: PMC10704221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus on reporting light characteristics in studies investigating non-visual responses to light. This project aimed to develop a reporting checklist for laboratory-based investigations on the impact of light on non-visual physiology. METHODS A four-step modified Delphi process (three questionnaire-based feedback rounds and one face-to-face group discussion) involving international experts was conducted to reach consensus on the items to be included in the checklist. Following the consensus process, the resulting checklist was tested in a pilot phase with independent experts. FINDINGS An initial list of 61 items related to reporting light-based interventions was condensed to a final checklist containing 25 items, based upon consensus among experts (final n = 60). Nine items were deemed necessary to report regardless of research question or context. A description of each item is provided in the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration (E&E) document. The independent pilot testing phase led to minor textual clarifications in the checklist and E&E document. INTERPRETATION The ENLIGHT Checklist is the first consensus-based checklist for documenting and reporting ocular light-based interventions for human studies. The implementation of the checklist will enhance the impact of light-based research by ensuring comprehensive documentation, enhancing reproducibility, and enabling data aggregation across studies. FUNDING Network of European Institutes for Advanced Study (NETIAS) Constructive Advanced Thinking (CAT) programme; Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship (Wellcome Trust, 204686/Z/16/Z); Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development VENI fellowship (2020-09150161910128); U.S. Department of Defense Grant (W81XWH-16-1-0223); National University of Singapore (NUHSRO/2022/038/Startup/08); and National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF2022-THE004-0002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spitschan
- TUM School of Medicine & Health, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Research Group Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany; TUMCREATE, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Laura Kervezee
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Renske Lok
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | - Elise McGlashan
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychological Science and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Raymond P Najjar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Center for Innovation & Precision Eye Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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11
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Bessman SC, Harrison EM, Easterling AP, Snider MN, Preilipper SMM, Glickman GL. Hybrid effectiveness-implementation study of two novel spectrally engineered lighting interventions for shiftworkers on a high-security watchfloor. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 4:zpad051. [PMID: 38084298 PMCID: PMC10710545 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Shiftwork leads to myriad negative health and safety outcomes. Lighting countermeasures can benefit shiftworkers via physiological effects of light (e.g. alerting, circadian adjustment), and short-wavelength light is the most potent for eliciting those responses; however, limited work indicates it may not be required for alerting. We developed similar-appearing light boxes (correlated color temperature: 3000-3375 K; photopic illuminance: 260-296 lux), enriched (SW+, melanopic EDI: 294 lux) or attenuated (SW-, melanopic EDI: 103 lux) in short-wavelength energy, and implemented them on a high-security watchfloor. Efficacy and feasibility of these two novel lighting interventions were assessed in personnel working 12-hour night shifts (n = 47) in this within-participants, crossover study. For each intervention condition, light boxes were arranged across the front of the watchfloor and illuminated the entire shift; blue-blocking glasses were worn post-shift and before sleep; and sleep masks were used while sleeping. Comparisons between baseline and intervention conditions included alertness, sleep, mood, quality of life (QOL), and implementation measures. On-shift alertness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) increased in SW- compared to baseline, while changes in SW+ were more limited. Under SW+, both mood and sleep improved. Psychomotor vigilance task performance did not vary by condition; however, perceived performance and QOL were higher, and reported caffeine consumption and sleep onset latency were lower, under SW-. For both interventions, satisfaction and comfort were high, and fewer symptoms and negative feelings were reported. The addition of spectrally engineered lights to this unique work environment improved sleep, alertness, and mood without compromising visual comfort and satisfaction. This paper is part of the Sleep and Circadian Rhythms: Management of Fatigue in Occupational Settings Collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Bessman
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Harrison
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Alexandra P Easterling
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Michelle N Snider
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Sebastian M M Preilipper
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Gena L Glickman
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
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12
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Schöllhorn I, Stefani O, Blume C, Cajochen C. Seasonal Variation in the Responsiveness of the Melanopsin System to Evening Light: Why We Should Report Season When Collecting Data in Human Sleep and Circadian Studies. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:651-666. [PMID: 37987395 PMCID: PMC10660855 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that variations in light exposure during the day affect light sensitivity in the evening. More daylight reduces sensitivity, and less daylight increases it. On average days, we spend less time outdoors in winter and receive far less light than in summer. Therefore, it could be relevant when collecting research data on the non-image forming (NIF) effects of light on circadian rhythms and sleep. In fact, studies conducted only in winter may result in more pronounced NIF effects than in summer. Here, we systematically collected information on the extent to which studies on the NIF effects of evening light include information on season and/or light history. We found that more studies were conducted in winter than in summer and that reporting when a study was conducted or measuring individual light history is not currently a standard in sleep and circadian research. In addition, we sought to evaluate seasonal variations in a previously published dataset of 72 participants investigating circadian and sleep effects of evening light exposure in a laboratory protocol where daytime light history was not controlled. In this study, we selectively modulated melanopic irradiance at four different light levels (<90 lx). Here, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate seasonal variations in the responsiveness of the melanopsin system by combining all data sets in an exploratory manner. Our analyses suggest that light sensitivity is indeed reduced in summer compared to winter. Thus, to increase the reproducibility of NIF effects on sleep and circadian measures, we recommend an assessment of the light history and encourage standardization of reporting guidelines on the seasonal distribution of measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schöllhorn
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (I.S.); (O.S.)
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Stefani
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (I.S.); (O.S.)
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Engineering and Architecture, Technikumstrasse 21, 6048 Horw, Switzerland
| | - Christine Blume
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (I.S.); (O.S.)
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (I.S.); (O.S.)
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Cheshmeh Noor M, Revell V, Mehdizadeh Saradj F, Yazdanfar SA. The impact of wavelength on acute non-visual responses to light: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Res 2023; 1816:148470. [PMID: 37364848 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Light is detected in the eye by three classes of photoreceptors (rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)) that are each optimized for a specific function and express a particular light-detecting photopigment. The significant role of short-wavelength light and ipRGCs in improving alertness has been well-established; however, few reviews have been undertaken to assess the other wavelengths' effects regarding timing and intensity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different narrowband light wavelengths on subjective and objective alertness among the 36 studies included in this systematic review, 17 of which were meta-analyzed. Short-wavelength light (∼460-480 nm) significantly improves subjective alertness, cognitive function, and neurological brain activities at night, even for a sustained period (∼6h) (for λmax: 470/475 nm, 0.4 < |Hedges's g| < 0.6, p < 0.05), but except early morning, it almost does not show this effect during the day when melatonin level is lowest. Long-wavelength light (∼600-640 nm) has little effect at night, but significantly increases several measures of alertness at lower irradiance during the daytime (∼1h), particularly when there is homeostatic sleep drive (for λmax: ∼630 nm, 0.5 < |Hedges's g| < 0.8, p < 0.05). The results further suggest that melanopic illuminance may not always be sufficient to measure the alerting effect of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Cheshmeh Noor
- School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran Iran.
| | - Victoria Revell
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XP, United Kingdom.
| | - Fatemeh Mehdizadeh Saradj
- School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran Iran.
| | - Seyed-Abbas Yazdanfar
- School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran Iran.
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14
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Spitschan M, Joyce DS. Human-Centric Lighting Research and Policy in the Melanopsin Age. POLICY INSIGHTS FROM THE BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES 2023; 10:237-246. [PMID: 38919981 PMCID: PMC7615961 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Beyond visual function, specialized light-sensitive retinal circuits involving the photopigment melanopsin drive critical aspects of human physiology and behavior, including sleep-wake rhythms, hormone production, mood, and cognition. Fundamental discoveries of visual neurobiology dating back to the 1990s have given rise to strong interest from the lighting industry in optimizing lighting to benefit health. Consequently, evidence-based recommendations, regulations, and policies need to translate current knowledge of neurobiology into practice. Here, reviewing recent advances in understanding of NIF circuits in humans leads to proposed strategies to optimize electric lighting. Highlighted knowledge gaps must be addressed urgently, as well as the challenge of developing personalized, adaptive NIF lighting interventions accounting for complex individual differences in physiology, behavior, and environment. Finally, lighting equity issues appear in the context of marginalized groups, who have traditionally been underserved in research on both fundamental visual processes and applied lighting. Biologically optimal light is a fundamental environmental right.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spitschan
- TUM School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Research Group Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Joyce
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
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15
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Secondi J, Scriba MF, Mondy N, Lengagne T. Artificial light at night decreases the pupillary light response of dark-adapted toads to bright light. Integr Zool 2023; 18:867-875. [PMID: 36300756 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is expanding worldwide. Many physiological effects have been reported in animals, but we still know little about the consequences for the visual system. The pupil contributes to control incoming light onto the retina. Sudden increases in light intensity evokes the pupil light reflex (PLR). Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) affect PLR and melatonin expression, which largely regulate circadian rhythms and PLR itself. IpRCG receive inputs from various photoreptors with different peak sensitivities implying that PLR could be altered by a broad range of light sources. We predicted ALAN to enhance PLR. Contrary to our prediction, dark-adapted cane toads Rhinella marina, exposed to ALAN (5 lx) for 12 days, exhibited a lower PLR than controls and individuals exposed to 0.04 lx, even after 1 h in bright light. We cannot conclude whether ALAN induced a larger pupil size in dark-adapted toads or a slower initial contraction. Nevertheless, the response was triggered by a light source with an emission peak (590 nm) well above the sensitivity peak of melanopsin, the main photoreceptor involved in PLR. Therefore, ALAN alters the capacity of toads to regulate the incoming light in the eye at night, which may reduce the performance of visually guided behaviors, and increase mortality by predators or road kills at night. This first study emphasizes the need to focus on the effect of ALAN on the vision of nocturnal organisms to better understand how this sensory system is altered and anticipate the consequences for organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Secondi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Madeleine F Scriba
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Mondy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Lengagne
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, Villeurbanne, France
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16
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Grant LK, Crosthwaite PC, Mayer MD, Wang W, Stickgold R, St. Hilaire MA, Lockley SW, Rahman SA. Supplementation of ambient lighting with a task lamp improves daytime alertness and cognitive performance in sleep-restricted individuals. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad096. [PMID: 37026184 PMCID: PMC10424162 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We examined the impact of adding a single-high-melanopic-illuminance task lamp in an otherwise low-melanopic-illuminance environment on alertness, neurobehavioral performance, learning, and mood during an 8-h simulated workday. METHODS Sixteen healthy young adults [mean(±SD) age = 24.2 ± 2.9, 8F] participated in a 3-day inpatient study with two 8-h simulated workdays and were randomized to either ambient fluorescent room light (~30 melanopic EDI lux, 50 lux), or room light supplemented with a light emitting diode task lamp (~250 melanopic EDI lux, 210 lux) in a cross-over design. Alertness, mood, and cognitive performance were assessed throughout the light exposure and compared between conditions using linear mixed models. RESULTS The primary outcome measure of percentage correct responses on the addition task was significantly improved relative to baseline in the supplemented condition (3.15% ± 1.18%), compared to the ambient conditions (0.93% ± 1.1%; FDR-adj q = 0.005). Additionally, reaction time and attentional failures on the psychomotor vigilance tasks were significantly improved with exposure to supplemented compared to ambient lighting (all, FDR-adj q ≤ 0.030). Furthermore, subjective measures of sleepiness, alertness, happiness, health, mood, and motivation were also significantly better in the supplemented, compared to ambient conditions (all, FDR-adj q ≤ 0.036). There was no difference in mood disturbance, affect, declarative memory, or motor learning between the conditions (all, FDR-adj q ≥ 0.308). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that supplementing ambient lighting with a high-melanopic-illuminance task lamp can improve daytime alertness and cognition. Therefore, high-melanopic-illuminance task lighting may be effective when incorporated into existing suboptimal lighting environments. CLINICAL TRIALS NCT04745312. Effect of Lighting Supplementation on Daytime Cognition. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04745312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilah K Grant
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phoebe C Crosthwaite
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Mayer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa A St. Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Castillo J, Tonon AC, Hidalgo MP, Silva A, Tassino B. Individual light history matters to deal with the Antarctic summer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12081. [PMID: 37495664 PMCID: PMC10372057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of light, main zeitgeber of the circadian system, depends on the time of day it is received. A brief trip to the Antarctic summer (ANT) allowed us to explore the impact of a sudden and synchronized increase in light exposure on activity-rest rhythms and sleep patterns of 11 Uruguayan university students, and to assess the significance of light history in determining individual circadian phase shift. Measurements collected in the peri-equinox in Montevideo, Uruguay (baseline situation, MVD) and in ANT, included sleep logs, actigraphy, and salivary melatonin to determine dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), the most reliable marker of circadian phase. The increase in light exposure in ANT with respect to MVD (affecting both light-sensitive windows with opposite effects on the circadian phase) resulted in no net change in DLMO among participants as some participants advanced their DLMO and some others delayed it. The ultimate cause of each participant's distinctive circadian phase shift relied on the unique change in light exposure each individual was subjected to between their MVD and ANT. This study shows an association between the individual light history and the circadian phase shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Castillo
- Grupo Cronobiología, Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - André C Tonon
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - María Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Silva
- Grupo Cronobiología, Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bettina Tassino
- Grupo Cronobiología, Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Sección Etología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Daruich A, Duncan M, Robert MP, Lagali N, Semina EV, Aberdam D, Ferrari S, Romano V, des Roziers CB, Benkortebi R, De Vergnes N, Polak M, Chiambaretta F, Nischal KK, Behar-Cohen F, Valleix S, Bremond-Gignac D. Congenital aniridia beyond black eyes: From phenotype and novel genetic mechanisms to innovative therapeutic approaches. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 95:101133. [PMID: 36280537 PMCID: PMC11062406 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Congenital PAX6-aniridia, initially characterized by the absence of the iris, has progressively been shown to be associated with other developmental ocular abnormalities and systemic features making congenital aniridia a complex syndromic disorder rather than a simple isolated disease of the iris. Moreover, foveal hypoplasia is now recognized as a more frequent feature than complete iris hypoplasia and a major visual prognosis determinant, reversing the classical clinical picture of this disease. Conversely, iris malformation is also a feature of various anterior segment dysgenesis disorders caused by PAX6-related developmental genes, adding a level of genetic complexity for accurate molecular diagnosis of aniridia. Therefore, the clinical recognition and differential genetic diagnosis of PAX6-related aniridia has been revealed to be much more challenging than initially thought, and still remains under-investigated. Here, we update specific clinical features of aniridia, with emphasis on their genotype correlations, as well as provide new knowledge regarding the PAX6 gene and its mutational spectrum, and highlight the beneficial utility of clinically implementing targeted Next-Generation Sequencing combined with Whole-Genome Sequencing to increase the genetic diagnostic yield of aniridia. We also present new molecular mechanisms underlying aniridia and aniridia-like phenotypes. Finally, we discuss the appropriate medical and surgical management of aniridic eyes, as well as innovative therapeutic options. Altogether, these combined clinical-genetic approaches will help to accelerate time to diagnosis, provide better determination of the disease prognosis and management, and confirm eligibility for future clinical trials or genetic-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Daruich
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Melinda Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Matthieu P Robert
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Borelli Centre, UMR 9010, CNRS-SSA-ENS Paris Saclay-Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Neil Lagali
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Daniel Aberdam
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, Via Paccagnella 11, Venice, Italy
| | - Vito Romano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiolological Sciences, and Public Health, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Cyril Burin des Roziers
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Fédération de Génétique et de Médecine Génomique Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Fbg St-Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Rabia Benkortebi
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie De Vergnes
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, INSERM U1016, Institut IMAGINE, France
| | | | - Ken K Nischal
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, and Adult Motility, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Valleix
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Fédération de Génétique et de Médecine Génomique Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Fbg St-Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Dominique Bremond-Gignac
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
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Eto T, Higuchi S. Review on age-related differences in non-visual effects of light: melatonin suppression, circadian phase shift and pupillary light reflex in children to older adults. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:11. [PMID: 37355647 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological effects of light exposure in humans are diverse. Among them, the circadian rhythm phase shift effect in order to maintain a 24-h cycle of the biological clock is referred to as non-visual effects of light collectively with melatonin suppression and pupillary light reflex. The non-visual effects of light may differ depending on age, and clarifying age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light is important for providing appropriate light environments for people of different ages. Therefore, in various research fields, including physiological anthropology, many studies on the effects of age on non-visual functions have been carried out in older people, children and adolescents by comparing the effects with young adults. However, whether the non-visual effects of light vary depending on age and, if so, what factors contribute to the differences have remained unclear. In this review, results of past and recent studies on age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light are presented and discussed in order to provide clues for answering the question of whether non-visual effects of light actually vary depending on age. Some studies, especially studies focusing on older people, have shown age-related differences in non-visual functions including differences in melatonin suppression, circadian phase shift and pupillary light reflex, while other studies have shown no differences. Studies showing age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light have suspected senile constriction and crystalline lens opacity as factors contributing to the differences, while studies showing no age-related differences have suspected the presence of a compensatory mechanism. Some studies in children and adolescents have shown that children's non-visual functions may be highly sensitive to light, but the studies comparing with other age groups seem to have been limited. In order to study age-related differences in non-visual effects in detail, comparative studies should be conducted using subjects having a wide range of ages and with as much control as possible for intensity, wavelength component, duration, circadian timing, illumination method of light exposure, and other factors (mydriasis or non-mydriasis, cataracts or not in the older adults, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Eto
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Higuchi
- Department of Human Life Design and Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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20
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Cao M, Xu T, Zhang H, Wei S, Wang H, Song Y, Guo X, Chen D, Yin D. BDE-47 Causes Depression-like Effects in Zebrafish Larvae via a Non-Image-Forming Visual Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37354122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a high-incidence mood disorder that is frequently accompanied by sleep disturbances, which can be triggered by the non-image-forming (NIF) visual system. Therefore, we hypothesize that polybrominated diphenyl ethers are known to induce visual impairment that could promote depression by disrupting the NIF visual pathway. In this study, zebrafish larvae were exposed to BDE-47 at environmentally relevant concentrations (2.5 and 25 μg/L). BDE-47 caused melanopsin genes that dominate the NIF visual system that fell at night (p < 0.05) but rose in the morning (p < 0.05). Such bidirectional difference transmitted to clock genes and neuropeptides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and impacted the adjacent serotonin system. However, indicative factors of depression, including serta, htr1aa, and aanat2, were unidirectionally increased 1.3- to 1.6-fold (p < 0.05). They were consistent with the increase in nighttime thigmotaxis (p < 0.05) and circadian hypoactivity (p < 0.05). The results of melanopsin antagonism also indicated that these consequences were possibly due to the combination of direct photoentrainment by melanopsin and circadian disruption originating from melanopsin. Collectively, our findings revealed that BDE-47 exposure disrupted the NIF visual pathway and resulted in depression-like effects, which may further exert profound health effects like mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongchang Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yiqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xueping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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21
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Light, Water, and Melatonin: The Synergistic Regulation of Phase Separation in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065835. [PMID: 36982909 PMCID: PMC10054283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The swift rise in acceptance of molecular principles defining phase separation by a broad array of scientific disciplines is shadowed by increasing discoveries linking phase separation to pathological aggregations associated with numerous neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, that contribute to dementia. Phase separation is powered by multivalent macromolecular interactions. Importantly, the release of water molecules from protein hydration shells into bulk creates entropic gains that promote phase separation and the subsequent generation of insoluble cytotoxic aggregates that drive healthy brain cells into diseased states. Higher viscosity in interfacial waters and limited hydration in interiors of biomolecular condensates facilitate phase separation. Light, water, and melatonin constitute an ancient synergy that ensures adequate protein hydration to prevent aberrant phase separation. The 670 nm visible red wavelength found in sunlight and employed in photobiomodulation reduces interfacial and mitochondrial matrix viscosity to enhance ATP production via increasing ATP synthase motor efficiency. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant that lowers viscosity to increase ATP by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Reduced viscosity by light and melatonin elevates the availability of free water molecules that allow melatonin to adopt favorable conformations that enhance intrinsic features, including binding interactions with adenosine that reinforces the adenosine moiety effect of ATP responsible for preventing water removal that causes hydrophobic collapse and aggregation in phase separation. Precise recalibration of interspecies melatonin dosages that account for differences in metabolic rates and bioavailability will ensure the efficacious reinstatement of the once-powerful ancient synergy between light, water, and melatonin in a modern world.
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22
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Xu W, Wu P, Yao Q, Zhang R, Li P, Bao L, Wang C, Chen S, Zhang Y, Shen Y. Does the smartphone's eye protection mode work? OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:10420-10433. [PMID: 37157589 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
People spend about 5-8 hours per day on phones, causing circadian disruption and eye fatigue, thus raising a great need for comfort and health. Most phones have eye protection modes, claiming a potential eye protection effect. To examine the effectiveness, we investigated the color quality, namely gamut area and just noticeable color difference (JNCD), and circadian effect, namely equivalent melanopic lux (EML) and melanopic daylight efficacy ratio (MDER), characteristics of two smartphones: iPhone 13 and HUAWEI P30, in normal and eye protection mode. The results show that the circadian effect is inversely proportional to color quality when the iPhone 13 and HUAWEI P30 changed from normal to eye protection mode. The gamut area changed from 102.51% to 82.5% sRGB and 100.36% to 84.55% sRGB, respectively. The EML and MDER decreased by 13 and 15, and, 0.50 and 0.38, respectively, affected by the eye protection mode and screen luminance. The EML and JNCD results in different modes show that the eye protection mode benefits the nighttime circadian effect at the cost of the image quality. This study provides a way to precisely assess the image quality and circadian effect of displays and elucidates the tradeoff relationship between them.
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23
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Schöllhorn I, Stefani O, Lucas RJ, Spitschan M, Slawik HC, Cajochen C. Melanopic irradiance defines the impact of evening display light on sleep latency, melatonin and alertness. Commun Biol 2023; 6:228. [PMID: 36854795 PMCID: PMC9974389 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evening light-emitting visual displays may disrupt sleep, suppress melatonin and increase alertness. Here, we control melanopic irradiance independent of display luminance and colour, in 72 healthy males 4 h before habitual bedtime and expose each of them to one of four luminance levels (i.e., dim light, smartphone, tablet or computer screen illuminance) at a low and a high melanopic irradiance setting. Low melanopic light shortens the time to fall asleep, attenuates evening melatonin suppression, reduces morning melatonin, advances evening melatonin onset and decreases alertness compared to high melanopic light. In addition, we observe dose-dependent increases in sleep latency, reductions in melatonin concentration and delays in melatonin onset as a function of melanopic irradiance-not so for subjective alertness. We identify melanopic irradiance as an appropriate parameter to mitigate the unwanted effects of screen use at night. Our results may help the many people who sit in front of screens in the evening or at night to fall asleep faster, feel sleepier, and have a more stable melatonin phase by spectrally tuning the visual display light without compromising the visual appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schöllhorn
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Stefani
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert J Lucas
- Centre for Biological Timing, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Chronobiology & Health, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Helen C Slawik
- Clinical Sleep Laboratory, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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24
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Jeong H, Kurihara T, Jiang X, Kondo S, Ueno Y, Hayashi Y, Lee D, Ikeda SI, Mori K, Torii H, Negishi K, Tsubota K. Suppressive effects of violet light transmission on myopia progression in a mouse model of lens-induced myopia. Exp Eye Res 2023; 228:109414. [PMID: 36764596 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of myopia has been steadily increasing for several decades, and this condition can cause extensive medical and economic issues in society. Exposure to violet light (VL), a short wavelength (360-400 nm) of visible light from sunlight, has been suggested as an effective preventive and suppressive treatments for the development and progression of myopia. However, the clinical application of VL remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the preventive and suppressive effects of VL on myopia progression. Various transmittances of VL (40%, 70%, and 100%) were tested in C57BL/6J mice with lens-induced myopia (LIM). Changes in the refractive error, axial length, and choroid thickness during the 3-week LIM were measured. The myopic shift in refractive error and difference in axial length between the 0 and -30 diopter lens was lessened in a transmission-dependent manner. Choroidal thinning, which was observed in myopic conditions, was suppressed by VL exposure and affected by its transmission. The results suggest that myopia progression can be managed using VL transmittance. Therefore, these factors should be considered for the prevention and treatment of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heonuk Jeong
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kondo
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., 34 Shinanomachi, 304 Toshin Shinanomachi Ekimae Building, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ueno
- Menicon Co., Ltd., 21-19, Aoi 3, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0006, Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Menicon Co., Ltd., 21-19, Aoi 3, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0006, Japan
| | - Deokho Lee
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kiwako Mori
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Torii
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., 34 Shinanomachi, 304 Toshin Shinanomachi Ekimae Building, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan.
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25
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Kamga Fogno AW, Rouquette A, Gronfier C, Bernard JY, Plancoulaine S. Associations between screen use, outdoor time/daylight exposure and sleep changes during the first COVID-19 lockdown in French children from the ELFE and EPIPAGE2 birth cohorts. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1649-1656. [PMID: 36807866 PMCID: PMC10173720 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate associations between outdoor and screen time and changes in sleep patterns in children from two nationwide birth-cohorts in the SAPRIS project. METHODS During the first French COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, volunteer parents of children enrolled in the ELFE and EPIPAGE2 birth-cohorts completed online questions about their child's outdoor time, screen time, and changes in sleep duration and quality compared with the pre-lockdown situation. In 5700 children (aged 8-9 years, 52% boys) with available data, we assessed associations between outdoor time, screen time, and sleep changes using multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Children spent on average 3 h08 outdoors and 4 h34 using screens/day (3 h27 for leisure, 1 h07 for class-work). Sleep duration increased in 36% of children and decreased in 13.4%; sleep difficulties appeared/increased in 22.5% and decreased/disappeared/remained stable in 18.3%. After adjustment, increased screen time, especially for leisure, was associated with increased and decreased sleep duration (OR(95%CI) = 1.03(1.00-1.06) and OR = 1.06(1.02-1.10), respectively). No association was observed between outdoor time and sleep changes after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Our study adds evidence for the association between high leisure-time screen time and shorter sleep time. It supports current screen guidelines for children, especially during leisure time and for those whose sleep duration is short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Wilfried Kamga Fogno
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, Paris, France.,AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, Service de Santé Publique et d'Epidemiologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CRNS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabine Plancoulaine
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CRNS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
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26
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Esaki Y, Obayashi K, Saeki K, Fujita K, Iwata N, Kitajima T. Habitual light exposure and circadian activity rhythms in bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional analysis of the APPLE cohort. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:762-769. [PMID: 36538951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian activity rhythm disruption is a core feature in bipolar disorder. We investigated whether light exposure in daily life is associated with circadian activity rhythms in patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we enrolled 194 outpatients with bipolar disorder who were participants of the Association between Pathology of Bipolar Disorder and Light Exposure in Daily Life (APPLE) cohort study. The participants' physical activity and daytime illuminance were measured using an actigraph over 7 consecutive days. Nighttime illuminance in the bedroom was measured using a portable photometer. Circadian activity rhythm parameters were calculated using cosinor analysis and a nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis. RESULTS The median daytime illuminance and nighttime illuminance were 224.5 lx (interquartile range, 154.5-307.5 lx) and 2.3 lx (0.3-9.4 lx), respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounding factors, showed that higher daytime illuminance was significantly associated with higher amplitude and most active continuous 10-hour period, advanced acrophase, higher interdaily stability, and lower intradaily variability. Higher nighttime illuminance was significantly associated with lower relative amplitude, delayed onset of the least active continuous 5-hour period, and higher intradaily variability. LIMITATIONS As this was a cross-sectional study, the results do not necessarily imply that light exposure alters circadian activity rhythms. CONCLUSIONS Daytime light exposure was associated with a positive effect and nighttime light exposure with a negative effect on circadian activity rhythms in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Esaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Okehazama Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Fujita
- Department of Psychiatry, Okehazama Hospital, Aichi, Japan; The Neuroscience Research Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kitajima
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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27
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Li Y, Ren J, Zhang Z, Weng Y, Zhang J, Zou X, Wu S, Hu H. Modification and Expression of mRNA m6A in the Lateral Habenular of Rats after Long-Term Exposure to Blue Light during the Sleep Period. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:143. [PMID: 36672884 PMCID: PMC9859551 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial lighting, especially blue light, is becoming a public-health risk. Excessive exposure to blue light at night has been reported to be associated with brain diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying neuropathy induced by blue light remain unclear. An early anatomical tracing study described the projection of the retina to the lateral habenula (LHb), whereas more mechanistic reports are available on multiple brain functions and neuropsychiatric disorders in the LHb, which are rarely seen in epigenetic studies, particularly N6-methyladenosine (m6A). The purpose of our study was to first expose Sprague-Dawley rats to blue light (6.11 ± 0.05 mW/cm2, the same irradiance as 200 lx of white light in the control group) for 4 h, and simultaneously provide white light to the control group for the same time to enter a sleep period. The experiment was conducted over 12 weeks. RNA m6A modifications and different mRNA transcriptome profiles were observed in the LHb. We refer to this experimental group as BLS. High-throughput MeRIP-seq and mRNA-seq were performed, and we used bioinformatics to analyze the data. There were 188 genes in the LHb that overlapped between differentially m6A-modified mRNA and differentially expressed mRNA. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontology analysis were used to enrich neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, long-term depression, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase G (cGMP-PKG) signaling pathway, and circadian entrainment. The m6A methylation level of the target genes in the BLS group was disordered. In conclusion, this study suggests that the mRNA expression and their m6A of the LHb were abnormal after blue light exposure during the sleep period, and the methylation levels of target genes related to synaptic plasticity were disturbed. This study offers a theoretical basis for the scientific use of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhan Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jinjin Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhaoting Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yali Weng
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xinhui Zou
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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28
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Spitschan M, Smolders K, Vandendriessche B, Bent B, Bakker JP, Rodriguez-Chavez IR, Vetter C. Verification, analytical validation and clinical validation (V3) of wearable dosimeters and light loggers. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221144858. [PMID: 36601285 PMCID: PMC9806438 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221144858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Light exposure is an important driver and modulator of human physiology, behavior and overall health, including the biological clock, sleep-wake cycles, mood and alertness. Light can also be used as a directed intervention, e.g., in the form of light therapy in seasonal affective disorder (SAD), jetlag prevention and treatment, or to treat circadian disorders. Recently, a system of quantities and units related to the physiological effects of light was standardized by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE S 026/E:2018). At the same time, biometric monitoring technologies (BioMeTs) to capture personalized light exposure were developed. However, because there are currently no standard approaches to evaluate the digital dosimeters, the need to provide a firm framework for the characterization, calibration, and reporting for these digital sensors is urgent. Objective This article provides such a framework by applying the principles of verification, analytic validation and clinical validation (V3) as a state-of-the-art approach for tools and standards in digital medicine to light dosimetry. Results This article describes opportunities for the use of digital dosimeters for basic research, for monitoring light exposure, and for measuring adherence in both clinical and non-clinical populations to light-based interventions in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spitschan
- Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck
Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany,Chronobiology & Health, TUM Department of Sport and Health
Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of
Munich, Munich, Germany,TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of
Munich, Garching, Germany,Manuel Spitschan, Translational Sensory
& Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics,
Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Karin Smolders
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of
Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Vandendriessche
- Byteflies, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA,Céline Vetter, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Polese D, Riccio ML, Fagioli M, Mazzetta A, Fagioli F, Parisi P, Fagioli M. The Newborn's Reaction to Light as the Determinant of the Brain's Activation at Human Birth. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:933426. [PMID: 36118115 PMCID: PMC9478760 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.933426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental neuroscience research has not yet fully unveiled the dynamics involved in human birth. The trigger of the first breath, often assumed to be the marker of human life, has not been characterized nor has the process entailing brain modification and activation at birth been clarified yet. To date, few researchers only have investigated the impact of the extrauterine environment, with its strong stimuli, on birth. This ‘hypothesis and theory' article assumes the role of a specific stimulus activating the central nervous system (CNS) at human birth. This stimulus must have specific features though, such as novelty, efficacy, ubiquity, and immediacy. We propose light as a robust candidate for the CNS activation via the retina. Available data on fetal and neonatal neurodevelopment, in particular with reference to retinal light-responsive pathways, will be examined together with the GABA functional switch, and the subplate disappearance, which, at an experimental level, differentiate the neonatal brain from the fetal brain. In this study, we assume how a very rapid activation of retinal photoreceptors at birth initiates a sudden brain shift from the prenatal pattern of functions to the neonatal setup. Our assumption implies the presence of a photoreceptor capable of capturing and transducing light/photon stimulus, transforming it into an effective signal for the activation of new brain functions at birth. Opsin photoreception or, more specifically, melanopsin-dependent photoreception, which is provided by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), is considered as a valid candidate. Although what is assumed herein cannot be verified in humans based on knowledge available so far, proposing an important and novel function can trigger a broad range of diversified research in different domains, from neurophysiology to neurology and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Polese
- PhD Program on Sensorineural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs NESMOS, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniela Polese
| | | | - Marcella Fagioli
- Department of Mental Health, National Health System ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mazzetta
- PhD Program on Neuroscience, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fagioli
- Department of Mental Health, National Health System ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs NESMOS, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Fogno A, Rouquette A, Gronfier C, Bernard J, Plancoulaine S. Relations entre usage des écrans, exposition à la lumière naturelle et sommeil chez les enfants en France pendant le premier confinement consécutif à l’épidémie SARS-CoV-2. MÉDECINE DU SOMMEIL 2022. [PMCID: PMC9170532 DOI: 10.1016/j.msom.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pun TB, Phillips CL, Marshall NS, Comas M, Hoyos CM, D’Rozario AL, Bartlett DJ, Davis W, Hu W, Naismith SL, Cain S, Postnova S, Grunstein RR, Gordon CJ. The Effect of Light Therapy on Electroencephalographic Sleep in Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders: A Scoping Review. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:358-373. [PMID: 35997384 PMCID: PMC9397048 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Light therapy is used to treat sleep and circadian rhythm disorders, yet there are limited studies on whether light therapy impacts electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sleep. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of research studies that examined the effects of light therapy on sleep macro- and micro-architecture in populations with sleep and circadian rhythm disorders. We searched for randomized controlled trials that used light therapy and included EEG sleep measures using MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Five articles met the inclusion criteria of patients with either insomnia or delayed sleep−wake phase disorder (DSWPD). These trials reported sleep macro-architecture outcomes using EEG or polysomnography. Three insomnia trials showed no effect of the timing or intensity of light therapy on total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency and sleep stage duration compared to controls. Only one insomnia trial reported significantly higher sleep efficiency after evening light therapy (>4000 lx between 21:00−23:00 h) compared with afternoon light therapy (>4000 lx between 15:00−17:00 h). In the only DSWPD trial, six multiple sleep latency tests were conducted across the day (09:00 and 19:00 h) and bright light (2500 lx) significantly lengthened sleep latency in the morning (09:00 and 11:00 h) compared to control light (300 lx). None of the five trials reported any sleep micro-architecture measures. Overall, there was limited research about the effect of light therapy on EEG sleep measures, and studies were confined to patients with insomnia and DSWPD only. More research is needed to better understand whether lighting interventions in clinical populations affect sleep macro- and micro-architecture and objective sleep timing and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teha B. Pun
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Craig L. Phillips
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nathaniel S. Marshall
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Maria Comas
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Camilla M. Hoyos
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Angela L. D’Rozario
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Delwyn J. Bartlett
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Wendy Davis
- School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Wenye Hu
- School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Sharon L. Naismith
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sean Cain
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Svetlana Postnova
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- School of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ron R. Grunstein
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- Sleep and Severe Mental Illness Clinic, CPC-RPA Clinic, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Gordon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9351-0586
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Kjørstad K, Faaland PM, Sivertsen B, Kallestad H, Langsrud K, Vethe D, Vestergaard CL, Harris A, Pallesen S, Scott J, Vedaa Ø. Sleep and work functioning in nurses undertaking inpatient shifts in a blue-depleted light environment. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:187. [PMID: 35850690 PMCID: PMC9290304 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blue-depleted light environments (BDLEs) may result in beneficial health outcomes for hospital inpatients in some cases. However, less is known about the effects on hospital staff working shifts. This study aimed to explore the effects of a BDLE compared with a standard hospital light environment (STLE) in a naturalistic setting on nurses' functioning during shifts and sleep patterns between shifts. METHODS Twenty-five nurses recruited from St. Olavs Hospital in Trondheim, Norway, completed 14 days of actigraphy recordings and self-reported assessments of sleep (e.g., total sleep time/sleep efficiency) and functioning while working shifts (e.g., mood, stress levels/caffeine use) in two different light environments. Additionally, participants were asked to complete several scales and questionnaires to assess the symptoms of medical conditions and mental health conditions and the side effects associated with each light environment. RESULTS A multilevel fixed-effects regression model showed a within-subject increase in subjective sleepiness (by 17%) during evening shifts in the BDLE compared with the STLE (p = .034; Cohen's d = 0.49) and an 0.2 increase in number of caffeinated beverages during nightshifts in the STLE compared with the BDLE (p = .027; Cohen's d = 0.37). There were no significant differences on any sleep measures (either based on sleep diary data or actigraphy recordings) nor on self-reported levels of stress or mood across the two conditions. Exploratory between-group analyses of questionnaire data showed that there were no significant differences except that nurses working in the BDLE reported perceiving the lighting as warmer (p = .009) and more relaxing (p = .023) than nurses working in the STLE. CONCLUSIONS Overall, there was little evidence that the change in the light environment had any negative impact on nurses' sleep and function, despite some indication of increased evening sleepiness in the BDLE. We recommend further investigations on this topic before BDLEs are implemented as standard solutions in healthcare institutions and propose specific suggestions for designing future large-scale trials and cohort studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered before data collection was completed on the ISRCTN website ( ISRCTN21603406 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Kjørstad
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Patrick M Faaland
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaes gt. 7, 5015, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna, Haugesund, HF, Norway
| | - Håvard Kallestad
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Knut Langsrud
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel Vethe
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilie L Vestergaard
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anette Harris
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia, The Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Jan Scott
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaes gt. 7, 5015, Bergen, Norway.
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Impact of Upgraded Lighting on Falls in Care Home Residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:1698-1704.e2. [PMID: 35850166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Falls in care home residents have major health and economic implications. Given the impact of lighting on visual acuity, alertness, and sleep and their potential influence on falls, we aimed to assess the impact of upgraded lighting on the rate of falls in long-term care home residents. DESIGN An observational study of 2 pairs of care homes (4 sites total). One site from each pair was selected for solid-state lighting upgrade, and the other site served as a control. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Two pairs of care homes with 758 residents (126,479 resident-days; mean age (±SD) 81.0 ± 11.7 years; 57% female; 31% with dementia). METHODS One "experimental" site from each pair had solid-state lighting installed throughout the facility that changed in intensity and spectrum to increase short-wavelength (blue light) exposure during the day (6 am-6 pm) and decrease it overnight (6 pm-6 am). The control sites retained standard lighting with no change in intensity or spectrum throughout the day. The number of falls aggregated from medical records were assessed over an approximately 24-month interval. The primary comparison between the sites was the rate of falls per 1000 resident-days. RESULTS Before the lighting upgrade, the rate of falls was similar between experimental and control sites (6.94 vs 6.62 falls per 1000 resident-days, respectively; rate ratio [RR] 1.05; 95% CI 0.70-1.58; P = .82). Following the upgrade, falls were reduced by 43% at experimental sites compared with control sites (4.82 vs 8.44 falls per 1000 resident-days, respectively; RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.39-0.84; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Upgrading ambient lighting to incorporate higher intensity blue-enriched white light during the daytime and lower intensity overnight represents an effective, passive, low-cost, low-burden addition to current preventive strategies to reduce fall risk in long-term care settings.
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Spitschan M, Mead J, Roos C, Lowis C, Griffiths B, Mucur P, Herf M, Nam S, Veitch JA. luox: validated reference open-access and open-source web platform for calculating and sharing physiologically relevant quantities for light and lighting. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:69. [PMID: 34017925 PMCID: PMC8095192 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16595.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Light exposure has a profound impact on human physiology and behaviour. For example, light exposure at the wrong time can disrupt our circadian rhythms and acutely suppress the production of melatonin. In turn, appropriately timed light exposure can support circadian photoentrainment. Beginning with the discovery that melatonin production is acutely suppressed by bright light more than 40 years ago, understanding which aspects of light drive the 'non-visual' responses to light remains a highly active research area, with an important translational dimension and implications for "human-centric" or physiologically inspired architectural lighting design. In 2018, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) standardised the spectral sensitivities for predicting the non-visual effects of a given spectrum of light with respect to the activation of the five photoreceptor classes in the human retina: the L, M and S cones, the rods, and the melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Here, we described a novel, lean, user-friendly, open-access and open-source platform for calculating quantities related to light. The platform, called luox, enables researchers and research users in vision science, lighting research, chronobiology, sleep research and adjacent fields to turn spectral measurements into reportable quantities. The luox code base, released under the GPL-3.0 License, is modular and therefore extendable to other spectrum-derived quantities. luox calculations of CIE quantities and indices have been endorsed by the CIE following black-box validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spitschan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences (TUM SG), Chronobiology & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Somang Nam
- National Research Council of Canada, Construction Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Veitch
- National Research Council of Canada, Construction Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
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Chen YD, Zhao RF, Zheng G, Ling FM, Li JR, Xu MY, Guo D, Zhang QL, Li S, Zhu LR. The association between disruption of the circadian rhythm and aggravation of colitis in mice. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac028. [PMID: 35720196 PMCID: PMC9201969 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed recovery from ulcerative colitis is mainly due to impaired healing of the intestinal epithelium after inflammation. The circadian rhythm controls cell proliferation and energy metabolism. However, the role of circadian genes in inflammatory bowel disease is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether disrupting the circadian rhythm in mice can worsen colitis by altering mitochondrial energy metabolism. Mice in the experimental groups were under physiologic stress with an 8-h light shift jet-lag schedule every 3 days, whereas those in the control group were not. Subsequently, half of the mice in the control and jet-lagged groups were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. Mice in each group were euthanized at zeitgeber time (ZT)0, ZT4, ZT8, ZT12, ZT16, and ZT20. To investigate the effects of jet lag on the mice, colon specimens were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining to analyse mRNA and protein expression of core circadian clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, and Nr1d1). We analysed the mitochondrial morphology, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and ser637-phosphorylated (p)-Drp1, which are closely related to ATP production. We further investigated the effect of PER2 knock-down in the colon epithelial cells (CCD 841 CoN) by measuring ATP and cell proliferation levels. Disrupting the circadian rhythm changed the oscillation of clock genes in the colon of mice, altered the mitochondrial morphology of the colon specimens, decreased the expression of p-Drp1, reduced ATP production, and exacerbated inflammatory responses in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Additionally, silencing of PER2 in the colon epithelial cells reduced ATP production and cell proliferation. Disrupting the circadian rhythm in mice decreases mitochondrial energy metabolism in the colon and exacerbates symptoms of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Feng Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Gen Zheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Mei Ling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Rong Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yang Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Di Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Ru Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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Becker-Krail DD, Walker WH, Nelson RJ. The Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens as Circadian Oscillators: Implications for Drug Abuse and Substance Use Disorders. Front Physiol 2022; 13:886704. [PMID: 35574492 PMCID: PMC9094703 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.886704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms convergently evolved to allow for optimal synchronization of individuals’ physiological and behavioral processes with the Earth’s 24-h periodic cycling of environmental light and temperature. Whereas the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is considered the primary pacemaker of the mammalian circadian system, many extra-SCN oscillatory brain regions have been identified to not only exhibit sustainable rhythms in circadian molecular clock function, but also rhythms in overall region activity/function and mediated behaviors. In this review, we present the most recent evidence for the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) to serve as extra-SCN oscillators and highlight studies that illustrate the functional significance of the VTA’s and NAc’s inherent circadian properties as they relate to reward-processing, drug abuse, and vulnerability to develop substance use disorders (SUDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius D Becker-Krail
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Kubota N, Tamori Y, Baba K, Yamanaka Y. Effects of different light incident angles via a head-mounted device on the magnitude of nocturnal melatonin suppression in healthy young subjects. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:247-254. [PMID: 38469249 PMCID: PMC10899976 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-021-00360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bright light is a primary zeitgeber (synchronizer) for the central circadian pacemaker in humans. Recently, head-mounted devices for light therapy have been developed to treat patients suffering from circadian rhythm sleep disorders. In this study, to evaluate the influence of the light incident angle of head-mounted devices on the human circadian pacemaker, we examined the effects of bright light (ca.10000 lx) from two different angles (55° vs. 28°) on the suppression of melatonin secretion at night. Twenty-nine subjects (25.1 ± 6.3 SD years) participated in the present study. The subjects were kept under dim light conditions (< 5 lx) from 4 h before their habitual bedtime, followed by exposure to 1 h of bright light at two different angles during their habitual bedtime. Saliva samples were collected every hour under dim light conditions and then collected every 30 min during the bright light exposure. To assess the effect of the light incident angle on ipRGCs mediating light-evoked pupillary constriction, pupil size was measured in before and after exposure to bright light. Melatonin suppression in the group exposed to light at 28° was significantly higher than that in the group with light at 55° (p < 0.001). The pupillary constriction was significantly greater in the group exposed to light at 28° than that in the group with light at 55° (p < 0.001). The present findings suggest that the light incident angle is an important factor for bright light therapy and should be considered to effectively use head-mounted devices in home and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kubota
- Laboratory of Life and Health Sciences, Faculty of Education and Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0811 Japan
- Department of Nursing, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Kenkichi Baba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Yujiro Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Life and Health Sciences, Faculty of Education and Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0811 Japan
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Brown TM, Brainard GC, Cajochen C, Czeisler CA, Hanifin JP, Lockley SW, Lucas RJ, Münch M, O’Hagan JB, Peirson SN, Price LLA, Roenneberg T, Schlangen LJM, Skene DJ, Spitschan M, Vetter C, Zee PC, Wright KP. Recommendations for daytime, evening, and nighttime indoor light exposure to best support physiology, sleep, and wakefulness in healthy adults. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001571. [PMID: 35298459 PMCID: PMC8929548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular light exposure has important influences on human health and well-being through modulation of circadian rhythms and sleep, as well as neuroendocrine and cognitive functions. Prevailing patterns of light exposure do not optimally engage these actions for many individuals, but advances in our understanding of the underpinning mechanisms and emerging lighting technologies now present opportunities to adjust lighting to promote optimal physical and mental health and performance. A newly developed, international standard provides a SI-compliant way of quantifying the influence of light on the intrinsically photosensitive, melanopsin-expressing, retinal neurons that mediate these effects. The present report provides recommendations for lighting, based on an expert scientific consensus and expressed in an easily measured quantity (melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (melaponic EDI)) defined within this standard. The recommendations are supported by detailed analysis of the sensitivity of human circadian, neuroendocrine, and alerting responses to ocular light and provide a straightforward framework to inform lighting design and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Brown
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TMB); (KPW)
| | - George C. Brainard
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John P. Hanifin
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven W. Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Lucas
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mirjam Münch
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - John B. O’Hagan
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart N. Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luke L. A. Price
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institutes for Medical Psychology and Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Luc J. M. Schlangen
- Human Technology Interaction Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Intelligent Lighting Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Debra J. Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Céline Vetter
- Circadian and Sleep Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Phyllis C. Zee
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth P. Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TMB); (KPW)
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Joyce DS, Spitschan M, Zeitzer JM. Duration invariance and intensity dependence of the human circadian system phase shifting response to brief light flashes. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211943. [PMID: 35259981 PMCID: PMC8905166 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are characterized by a delayed off-time following the cessation of light stimulation. Here, we exploited this unusual physiologic property to characterize the exquisite sensitivity of the human circadian system to flashed light. In a 34 h in-laboratory between-subjects design, we examined phase shifting in response to variable-intensity (3-9500 photopic lux) flashes at fixed duration (2 ms; n = 28 participants) and variable-duration (10 µs-10 s) flashes at fixed intensity (2000 photopic lux; n = 31 participants). Acute melatonin suppression, objective alertness and subjective sleepiness during the flash sequence were also assessed. We find a dose-response relationship between flash intensity and circadian phase shift, with an indication of a possible threshold-like behaviour. We find a slight parametric relationship between flash duration and circadian phase shift. Consistent with prior studies, we observe no dose-response relationship to either flash intensity or duration and the acute impact of light on melatonin suppression, objective alertness or subjective sleepiness. Our findings are consistent with circadian responses to a sequence of flashes being mediated by rod or cone photoreceptors via ipRGC integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Joyce
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Translational Sensory and Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jamie M. Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Yoshikawa T, Obayashi K, Miyata K, Saeki K, Ogata N. Association Between Postillumination Pupil Response and Glaucoma Severity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the LIGHT Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:24. [PMID: 35333289 PMCID: PMC8963668 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study determines whether the functional and structural severity of glaucoma is associated with intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) function. Methods This cross-sectional study assessed 148 eyes from 148 patients with glaucoma (mean age 70.5 years). The ipRGC function was assessed by postillumination pupil response (PIPR) using the pupil diameter after exposure to blue and red light. Main outcome measures were as follows: six-second PIPR amplitude, net PIPR, and net PIPR change. Functional and structural glaucoma severities were evaluated using visual field mean deviation (MD) and the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, respectively. Results Multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, oral medication use, cataract surgery, axial length, and topical alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist use showed that worsening in visual field MD was significantly associated with higher blue six-second PIPR amplitude (regression coefficient per −1 dB worsening, 0.25; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.14, 0.37; P < 0.001). The thinner RNFL thickness was significantly associated with higher blue six-second PIPR amplitude, lower Net PIPR change, and lower net PIPR (blue six-second PIPR amplitude: regression coefficient per 10-µm thinning, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.72, 1.87; P < 0.001; net PIPR change: regression coefficient, −0.70; 95% CI, −1.26, −0.14; P = 0.015; net PIPR: regression coefficient, −0.03; 95% CI, −0.05, −0.001; P = 0.044). No significant association was found between glaucoma severity and red six-second PIPR amplitude. Conclusions Our findings revealed a significant association between functional and structural glaucoma severity and impaired ipRGC function independent of potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu Yoshikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan.,Yoshikawa Eye Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kimie Miyata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Nahoko Ogata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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Hartstein LE, Behn CD, Akacem LD, Stack N, Wright KP, LeBourgeois MK. High sensitivity of melatonin suppression response to evening light in preschool-aged children. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12780. [PMID: 34997782 PMCID: PMC8933063 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Light at night in adults suppresses melatonin in a nonlinear intensity-dependent manner. In children, bright light of a single intensity before bedtime has a robust melatonin suppressing effect. To our knowledge, whether evening light of different intensities is related to melatonin suppression in young children is unknown. Healthy, good-sleeping children (n = 36; 3.0-4.9 years; 39% male) maintained a stable sleep schedule for 7 days followed by a 29.5-h in-home dim-light circadian assessment (~1.5 lux). On the final night of the protocol, children received a 1-h light exposure (randomized to one of 15 light levels, ranging 5-5000 lux, with ≥2 participants assigned to each light level) in the hour before habitual bedtime. Salivary melatonin was measured to calculate the magnitude of melatonin suppression during light exposure compared with baseline levels from the previous evening, as well as the degree of melatonin recovery 50 min after the end of light exposure. Melatonin levels were suppressed between 69.4% and 98.7% (M = 85.4 ± 7.2%) during light exposure across the full range of intensities examined. Overall, we did not observe a light intensity-dependent melatonin suppression response; however, children exposed to the lowest quartile of light intensities (5-40 lux) had an average melatonin suppression (77.5 ± 7.0%) which was significantly lower than that observed at each of the three higher quartiles of light intensities (86.4 ± 5.6%, 89.2 ± 6.3%, and 87.1 ± 5.0%, respectively). We further found that melatonin levels remained below 50% baseline for at least 50 min after the end of light exposure for the majority (62%) of participants, and recovery was not influenced by light intensity. These findings indicate that preschool-aged children are highly sensitive to light exposure in the hour before bedtime and suggest the lighting environment may play a crucial role in the development and the maintenance of behavioral sleep problems through impacts on the circadian timing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Hartstein
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cecilia Diniz Behn
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lameese D. Akacem
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nora Stack
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth P. Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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42
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Giménez MC, Stefani O, Cajochen C, Lang D, Deuring G, Schlangen LJM. Predicting melatonin suppression by light in humans: Unifying photoreceptor-based equivalent daylight illuminances, spectral composition, timing and duration of light exposure. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12786. [PMID: 34981572 PMCID: PMC9285453 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Light-induced melatonin suppression data from 29 peer-reviewed publications was analysed by means of a machine-learning approach to establish which light exposure characteristics (ie photopic illuminance, five α-opic equivalent daylight illuminances [EDIs], duration and timing of the light exposure, and the dichotomous variables pharmacological pupil dilation and narrowband light source) are the main determinants of melatonin suppression. Melatonin suppression in the data set was dominated by four light exposure characteristics: (1) melanopic EDI, (2) light exposure duration, (3) pupil dilation and (4) S-cone-opic EDI. A logistic model was used to evaluate the influence of each of these parameters on the melatonin suppression response. The final logistic model was only based on the first three parameters, since melanopic EDI was the best single (photoreceptor) predictor that was only outperformed by S-cone-opic EDI for (photopic) illuminances below 21 lux. This confirms and extends findings on the importance of the metric melanopic EDI for predicting biological effects of light in integrative (human-centric) lighting applications. The model provides initial and general guidance to lighting practitioners on how to combine spectrum, duration and amount of light exposure when controlling non-visual responses to light, especially melatonin suppression. The model is a starting tool for developing hypotheses on photoreceptors' contributions to light's non-visual responses and helps identifying areas where more data are needed, like on the S-cone contribution at low illuminances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C. Giménez
- Chronobiology UnitGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Oliver Stefani
- Centre for Chronobiology and Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN)Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel (UPK) and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology and Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN)Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel (UPK) and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Gunnar Deuring
- Forensic DepartmentUniversity Psychiatric Clinics BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Luc J. M. Schlangen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation SciencesHuman‐Technology Interaction Group and Intelligent Lighting InstituteEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
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Theruveethi N, Bui BV, Joshi MB, Valiathan M, Ganeshrao SB, Gopalakrishnan S, Kabekkodu SP, Bhat SS, Surendran S. Blue Light-Induced Retinal Neuronal Injury and Amelioration by Commercially Available Blue Light-Blocking Lenses. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020243. [PMID: 35207530 PMCID: PMC8877890 DOI: 10.3390/life12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light exposure-induced retinal damage has been extensively studied. Although many in vitro studies have shown the benefits of blue light-blocking lenses (BBL) there have been few comprehensive in vivo studies to assess the effects of BBL. We investigated the influence of blue light exposure using light-emitting diodes on retinal histology and visual cortex neurons in rodents. We also considered whether retinal and cortical changes induced by blue light could be ameliorated with blue light-blocking lenses. A total of n = 24 (n = 6 in each group; control, light exposure without lenses, two different BBLs)) male Wistar rats were subjected to blue light exposure (LEDs, 450–500 lux) without or with BBLs (400–490 nm) for 28 days on a 12:12 h light–dark cycle. Histological analysis of retinae revealed apoptosis and necrosis of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptors, and inner retina in the light exposure (LE) group, along with increase caspase-3 immunostaining in the ganglion cell layer (p < 0.001). BBL groups showed less caspase-3 immunostaining compared with the LE group (p < 0.001). V1-L5PNs (primary visual cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons) demonstrated reduced branching and intersections points for apical (p < 0.001) and basal (p < 0.05) dendrites following blue light exposure. Blue light-blocking lenses significantly improved the number of basal branching points compared with the LE group. Our study shows that prolonged exposure to high levels of blue light pose a significant hazard to the visual system resulting in damage to the retina with the associated remodeling of visual cortex neurons. BBL may offer moderate protection against exposure to high levels of blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Theruveethi
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (N.T.); (S.B.G.)
| | - Bang Viet Bui
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Manjunath B. Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (M.B.J.); (S.P.K.)
| | - Manna Valiathan
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (M.V.); (S.G.); (S.S.B.)
| | - Shonraj Ballae Ganeshrao
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (N.T.); (S.B.G.)
| | - Sivakumar Gopalakrishnan
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (M.V.); (S.G.); (S.S.B.)
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (M.B.J.); (S.P.K.)
| | - Shailaja S. Bhat
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (M.V.); (S.G.); (S.S.B.)
| | - Sudarshan Surendran
- Department of Anatomy, Manipal Campus, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Correspondence:
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Bertolesi GE, Debnath N, Malik HR, Man LLH, McFarlane S. Type II Opsins in the Eye, the Pineal Complex and the Skin of Xenopus laevis: Using Changes in Skin Pigmentation as a Readout of Visual and Circadian Activity. Front Neuroanat 2022; 15:784478. [PMID: 35126061 PMCID: PMC8814574 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.784478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye, the pineal complex and the skin are important photosensitive organs. The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, senses light from the environment and adjusts skin color accordingly. For example, light reflected from the surface induces camouflage through background adaptation while light from above produces circadian variation in skin pigmentation. During embryogenesis, background adaptation, and circadian skin variation are segregated responses regulated by the secretion of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and melatonin through the photosensitivity of the eye and pineal complex, respectively. Changes in the color of skin pigmentation have been used as a readout of biochemical and physiological processes since the initial purification of pineal melatonin from pigs, and more recently have been employed to better understand the neuroendocrine circuit that regulates background adaptation. The identification of 37 type II opsin genes in the genome of the allotetraploid X. laevis, combined with analysis of their expression in the eye, pineal complex and skin, is contributing to the elucidation of the role of opsins in the different photosensitive organs, but also brings new questions and challenges. In this review, we analyze new findings regarding the anatomical localization and functions of type II opsins in sensing light. The contribution of X. laevis in revealing the neuroendocrine circuits that regulate background adaptation and circadian light variation through changes in skin pigmentation is discussed. Finally, the presence of opsins in X. laevis skin melanophores is presented and compared with the secretory melanocytes of birds and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Bertolesi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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45
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Hyperspectral characterization of natural lighting environments. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 273:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Fernandez FX. Current Insights into Optimal Lighting for Promoting Sleep and Circadian Health: Brighter Days and the Importance of Sunlight in the Built Environment. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:25-39. [PMID: 35023979 PMCID: PMC8747801 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s251712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective considers the possibility that daytime's intrusion into night made possible by electric lighting may not be as pernicious to sleep and circadian health as the encroachment of nighttime into day wrought by 20th century architectural practices that have left many people estranged from sunlight.
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47
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OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:3225-3235. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Senesi P, Ferrulli A, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. Chrono-communication and cardiometabolic health: The intrinsic relationship and therapeutic nutritional promises. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:975509. [PMID: 36176473 PMCID: PMC9513421 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.975509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm, an innate 24-h biological clock, regulates several mammalian physiological activities anticipating daily environmental variations and optimizing available energetic resources. The circadian machinery is a complex neuronal and endocrinological network primarily organized into a central clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and peripheral clocks. Several small molecules generate daily circadian fluctuations ensuring inter-organ communication and coordination between external stimuli, i.e., light, food, and exercise, and body metabolism. As an orchestra, this complex network can be out of tone. Circadian disruption is often associated with obesity development and, above all, with diabetes and cardiovascular disease onset. Moreover, accumulating data highlight a bidirectional relationship between circadian misalignment and cardiometabolic disease severity. Food intake abnormalities, especially timing and composition of meal, are crucial cause of circadian disruption, but evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has shown that food could represent a unique therapeutic approach to promote circadian resynchronization. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure of circadian system and discuss the role playing by different molecules [from leptin to ghrelin, incretins, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)] to guarantee circadian homeostasis. Based on the recent data, we discuss the innovative nutritional interventions aimed at circadian re-synchronization and, consequently, improvement of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ileana Terruzzi,
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49
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Contreras E, Nobleman AP, Robinson PR, Schmidt TM. Melanopsin phototransduction: beyond canonical cascades. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:273562. [PMID: 34842918 PMCID: PMC8714064 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.226522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanopsin is a visual pigment that is expressed in a small subset of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). It is involved in regulating non-image forming visual behaviors, such as circadian photoentrainment and the pupillary light reflex, while also playing a role in many aspects of image-forming vision, such as contrast sensitivity. Melanopsin was initially discovered in the melanophores of the skin of the frog Xenopus, and subsequently found in a subset of ganglion cells in rat, mouse and primate retinas. ipRGCs were initially thought to be a single retinal ganglion cell population, and melanopsin was thought to activate a single, invertebrate-like Gq/transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)-based phototransduction cascade within these cells. However, in the 20 years since the discovery of melanopsin, our knowledge of this visual pigment and ipRGCs has expanded dramatically. Six ipRGC subtypes have now been identified in the mouse, each with unique morphological, physiological and functional properties. Multiple subtypes have also been identified in other species, suggesting that this cell type diversity is a general feature of the ipRGC system. This diversity has led to a renewed interest in melanopsin phototransduction that may not follow the canonical Gq/TRPC cascade in the mouse or in the plethora of other organisms that express the melanopsin photopigment. In this Review, we discuss recent findings and discoveries that have challenged the prevailing view of melanopsin phototransduction as a single pathway that influences solely non-image forming functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ely Contreras
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Alexis P. Nobleman
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Biological Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA,Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Phyllis R. Robinson
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Biological Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Tiffany M. Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
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50
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Yu H, Wang Q, Wu W, Zeng W, Feng Y. Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin on Ocular Diseases: Knowledge Map and Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:721869. [PMID: 34795578 PMCID: PMC8593251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.721869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin plays a critical role in the pathophysiological process including circadian rhythm, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. It can be synthesized in ocular tissues, and its receptors are also found in the eye, triggering more investigations concentrated on the role of melatonin in the eye. In the past decades, the protective and therapeutic potentials of melatonin for ocular diseases have been widely revealed in animal models. Herein, we construct a knowledge map of melatonin in treating ocular diseases through bibliometric analysis and review its current understanding and clinical evidence. The overall field could be divided into twelve topics through keywords co-occurrence analysis, in which the glaucoma, myopia, and retinal diseases were of greatest research interests according to the keywords burst detection. The existing clinical trials of melatonin in ocular diseases mainly focused on the glaucoma, and more research should be promoted, especially for various diseases and drug administration. We also discuss its bioavailability and further research topics including developing melatonin sensors for personalized medication, acting as stem cell therapy assistant drug, and consuming food-derived melatonin for facilitating its clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qicong Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhen Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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