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Dittmar M, Stark T, Wedell S. Circadian Rhythm of Distal Skin Temperature in Healthy Older and Young Women and Its Relationship with Sleep-Wake Rhythm and Environmental Factors under Natural Living Conditions. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:102. [PMID: 39195132 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the healthy aging of the circadian timing system under natural living conditions. This study explores changes in the circadian rhythm of distal skin temperature (DST) with aging and relates these changes to sleep-wake timing and environmental influences. DST, sleep-wake timing, 24-h light exposure, and physical activity were measured and averaged over seven consecutive days using temperature sensors, actigraphy with a light meter, and sleep diaries in 35 healthy older women (60-79 years) and 30 young women (20-34 years). Circadian rhythm characteristics, describing strength (amplitude) and timing (acrophase) of the DST rhythm, were calculated using cosinor analysis. The older adults displayed an 18-19% smaller amplitude and a 66-73 min earlier acrophase (peak time) for DST rhythm than the young adults, indicating a weaker and phase-advanced DST rhythm. The phase advance for DST was not due to an earlier evening increase, but to a shorter nocturnal plateau period. Daytime light exposure inversely affected strength (amplitude) but not phasing of the DST rhythm in older adults. The DST rhythm was 3.5 times more advanced than the sleep-wake rhythm, showing an altered phase relationship (phase angle) between both rhythms with aging. The phase angle was more heterogeneous among older adults, showing differential aging. The phase advance for DST rhythm and the altered and heterogeneous phase relationship between DST and sleep-wake rhythms were not related to ambient light exposure and the physical activity of older adults. This suggests that healthy aging of the circadian system might be due to endogenous mechanisms such as an internal rearrangement rather than external influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Dittmar
- Department of Human Biology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tina Stark
- Department of Human Biology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wedell
- Department of Human Biology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Zhu M, Zhang X, Chen D, Gong Y. Impact of lighting environment on human performance and prediction modeling of personal visual comfort in enclosed cabins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171970. [PMID: 38552981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Enclosed cabins are of great significance in various fields, including national defense, scientific research, and industrial applications. It is important to clarify the impact of the lighting environment in these cabins on the people operating within them. This study investigated the effects of the lighting environment in enclosed cabins on the physiological, operational, and comfort performance of operators through simulated experiments. In Addition, using the Random Forest Algorithm and ExpandNet technique, we developed a prediction model to evaluate the comfort level of the lighting environment for personnel in enclosed cabins. The results indicated that pupil diameter exhibited the highest sensitivity to ambient light. The appropriate luminance combination of the screen and the ambient scene have a positive effect on human performance. In particular, it was observed that the average cognitive performance and comfort of participants tended to be relatively high in the luminance combinations 13, 14, and 15 at CCT 5500 K. The screen luminance of these combinations are all 284.75 cd/m2. Although no statistically significant relationship was found between the cognitive performance of the participants and their comfort, the comfort of the participants tended to decrease after the cognitive operations was completed. According to the proposed personal comfort prediction model, the visual comfort of different people varies even under the same lighting conditions. This study provides a solid theoretical basis for improving the design of lighting environments in enclosed spaces and contributes to developing a pleasant and productive working environment within limited cabins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhu
- Pan Tianshou College of Architecture, Art and Design, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, PR China; Northwestern Polytechnical University, Youyixi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Dengkai Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, PR China; Northwestern Polytechnical University, Youyixi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Yong Gong
- Pan Tianshou College of Architecture, Art and Design, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
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Bai Y, Chen J, Zhang S, Xu G, Mao Z, Ding Y, Wang W. Inflammation-Responsive Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles against Liver Fibrosis via Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310443. [PMID: 38372054 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis represents a reversible stage of various chronic liver diseases that progresses to cirrhosis. This condition is characterized by an imbalance between tissue damage and repair, and the production of fibers in the liver exceeds their degradation. Oxidative stress (OS) resulting from tissue injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) triggered by the overproduction of proteins are pivotal factors in liver fibrosis. Melatonin demonstrates the capability to neutralize free radicals, shielding cells from oxidative harm. It is also a specific inhibitor of the ERS receptor transcription activating factor 6 (ATF6), indicating its great potential in ameliorating liver fibrosis. However, its limited water solubility and oral bioavailability of under 15% present hurdles in achieving therapeutic blood concentrations for treating liver fibrosis. The PLGA@Melatonin is constructed by loading melatonin with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Platelet membranes (PM) and activated hepatic stellate cell membranes (HSCM) with high expression of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) are extracted to successfully construct PM@PLGA@Melatonin and HSCM@PLGA@Melatonin, which are subsequently utilized to treat mice with liver fibrosis. The results illustrated the remarkable therapeutic effects of the two nanoparticles on liver fibrosis, along with their excellent targeting and biosafety properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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Naveed M, Chao OY, Hill JW, Yang YM, Huston JP, Cao R. Circadian neurogenetics and its implications in neurophysiology, behavior, and chronomedicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105523. [PMID: 38142983 PMCID: PMC10872425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm affects multiple physiological processes, and disruption of the circadian system can be involved in a range of disease-related pathways. The genetic underpinnings of the circadian rhythm have been well-studied in model organisms. Significant progress has been made in understanding how clock genes affect the physiological functions of the nervous system. In addition, circadian timing is becoming a key factor in improving drug efficacy and reducing drug toxicity. The circadian biology of the target cell determines how the organ responds to the drug at a specific time of day, thus regulating pharmacodynamics. The current review brings together recent advances that have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms of how the circadian clock affects neurophysiological and behavioral processes associated with human brain diseases. We start with a brief description of how the ubiquitous circadian rhythms are regulated at the genetic, cellular, and neural circuit levels, based on knowledge derived from extensive research on model organisms. We then summarize the latest findings from genetic studies of human brain disorders, focusing on the role of human clock gene variants in these diseases. Lastly, we discuss the impact of common dietary factors and medications on human circadian rhythms and advocate for a broader application of the concept of chronomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Faria VS, Messias LHD, Pejon TMM, Beck WR. Influence of Acute Melatonin Administration on Human Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Health 2024; 16:70-78. [PMID: 36872593 PMCID: PMC10732111 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231155142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Melatonin is an ancient molecule with a wide range of functions in mammals, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypothermic effects among others. However, the influence of acute melatonin administration on human physical performance is debatable. OBJECTIVE To summarize available data from controlled trials about the effects of acute melatonin administration on human physical performance, especially with respect to strength, power, speed, and short- and long-term continuous exercise. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to December 10, 2021, was conducted using specified keywords and Boolean operators ("melatonin" AND "exercise OR circuit-based exercise OR plyometric exercise OR exercise tolerance OR exercise test"). STUDY SELECTION Only controlled studies in the English language and with humans were accepted. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1. DATA EXTRACTION Participants' characteristics (sex, age, body mass, height and fat percentage), melatonin dose and administration time, and outcomes from the performance trial were extracted. RESULTS A total of 10 studies were identified after the screening process. Overall, melatonin did not change speed or short-term continuous exercise performances. However, in relation to strength and power, the results are debatable since 5 articles showed no difference, while another 2 pointed to a decrease in performance. In terms of performance improvement, only 1 study reported an increase in balance and another in long-term continuous exercise performance in nonathletes, with no advantage found for athletes. CONCLUSION Melatonin did not cause any significant change in strength, speed, power, and short-term continuous exercise performances. In fact, it led to reduced strength and power performances in specific tests. On the other hand, melatonin seems to have improved balance and long-term continuous exercise performance, at least in nonathletes. More investigations are required to corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Silva Faria
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology - GTAFE, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Taciane Maria Melges Pejon
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Rafael Beck
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Miyake T, Inoue Y, Maekawa Y, Doi M. Circadian Clock and Body Temperature. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1461:177-188. [PMID: 39289281 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-4584-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The circadian fluctuation of body temperature is one of the most prominent and stable outputs of the circadian clock and plays an important role in maintaining optimal day-night energy homeostasis. The body temperature of homothermic animals is not strictly constant, but it shows daily oscillation within a range of 1-3 °C, which is sufficient to synchronize the clocks of peripheral tissues throughout the body. The thermal entrainment mechanisms of the clock are partly mediated by the action of the heat shock transcription factor and cold-inducible RNA-binding protein-both have the ability to affect clock gene expression. Body temperature in the poikilotherms is not completely passive to the ambient temperature change; they can travel to the place of preferred temperature in a manner depending on the time of their endogenous clock. Based on this behavior-level thermoregulation, flies exhibit a clear body temperature cycle. Noticeably, flies and mice share the same molecular circuit for the controlled body temperature; in both species, the calcitonin receptors participate in the formation of body temperature rhythms during the active phase and exhibit rather specific expression in subsets of clock neurons in the brain. We summarize knowledge on mutual relationships between body temperature regulation and the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Miyake
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yota Maekawa
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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7
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Mousavi SM, Etemad L, Yari D, Hashemi M, Salmasi Z. Evaluation of Melatonin and its Nanostructures Effects on Skin Disorders Focused on Wound Healing. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1856-1881. [PMID: 38685805 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575299255240422055203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body functioning as a great primitive defensive barrier against different harmful environmental factors. However, it is damaged through varying injuries such as different wounds, burns, and skin cancers that cause disruption in internal organs and essential mechanisms of the body through inflammation, oxidation, coagulation problems, infection, etc. Melatonin is the major hormone of the pineal gland that is also effective in skin disorders due to strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features with additional desirable antiapoptotic, anti-cancer, and antibiotic properties. However, melatonin characteristics require improvements due to its limited water solubility, halflife and stability. The application of nanocarrier systems can improve its solubility, permeability, and efficiency, as well as inhibit its degradation and promote photostability. Our main purpose in the current review is to explore the possible role of melatonin and melatonin-containing nanocarriers in skin disorders focused on wounds. Additionally, melatonin's effect in regenerative medicine and its structures as a wound dressing in skin damage has been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Davood Yari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wang X, Liu T, Lv X, Sun N, Li F, Luo L, Zhuge X, Huang J, Wang L. A Potential Nontraditional Approach To Combat tmexCD1-toprJ1-Mediated Tigecycline Resistance: Melatonin as a Synergistic Adjuvant of Tigecycline. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0004723. [PMID: 37289048 PMCID: PMC10353380 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00047-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of TMexCD1-TOprJ1, a novel transferable resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pump conferring resistance to tigecycline, is now a serious public health issue in the world. Here, we found that melatonin synergistically enhanced the antibacterial efficacy of tigecycline against tmexCD1-toprJ1-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae by disrupting the proton driving force and efflux function to promote the accumulation of tigecycline into cells, damaging cell membrane integrity and causing the leakage of cell contents. The synergistic effect was further validated by a murine thigh infection model. The results revealed that the melatonin/tigecycline combination is a potential therapy to combat resistant bacteria carrying the tmexCD1-toprJ1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Risk Assessment Center of Veterinary Drug Residue and Antimicrobial Resistance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Naiyan Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhuge
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Risk Assessment Center of Veterinary Drug Residue and Antimicrobial Resistance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Risk Assessment Center of Veterinary Drug Residue and Antimicrobial Resistance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Xia TJ, Wang Z, Jin SW, Liu XM, Liu YG, Zhang SS, Pan RL, Jiang N, Liao YH, Yan MZ, Du LD, Chang Q. Melatonin-related dysfunction in chronic restraint stress triggers sleep disorders in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1210393. [PMID: 37408758 PMCID: PMC10318904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1210393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress may trigger sleep disorders and are also risk factors for depression. The study explored the melatonin-related mechanisms of stress-associated sleep disorders on a mouse model of chronic stress by exploring the alteration in sleep architecture, melatonin, and related small molecule levels, transcription and expression of melatonin-related genes as well as proteins. Mice undergoing chronic restraint stress modeling for 28 days showed body weight loss and reduced locomotor activity. Sleep fragmentation, circadian rhythm disorders, and insomnia exhibited in CRS-treated mice formed sleep disorders. Tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were increased in the hypothalamus, while melatonin level was decreased. The transcription and expression of melatonin receptors were reduced, and circadian rhythm related genes were altered. Expression of downstream effectors to melatonin receptors was also affected. These results identified sleep disorders in a mice model of chronic stress. The alteration of melatonin-related pathways was shown to trigger sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ji Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Wei Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yong-Guang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Le Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Da Du
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Innovative Pharmaceutics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, TO, Canada
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Wong KC, Jayapalan JJ, Subramanian P, Ismail MN, Abdul-Rahman PS. Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of the circadian proteome of Drosophila melanogaster lethal giant larvae mutants reveals potential therapeutic effects of melatonin. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 113:e22008. [PMID: 36915983 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mutation in the Drosophila melanogaster lethal giant larvae (lgl), a tumor suppressor gene with a well-established role in cellular polarity, is known to results in massive cellular proliferation and neoplastic outgrowths. Although the tumorigenic properties of lgl mutant have been previously studied, however, little is known about its consequences on the proteome. In this study, mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to investigate the changes in the head and intestinal tissues proteins of Drosophila melanogaster, due to lgl mutation and following treatment with melatonin. Additionally, to uncover the time-influenced variations in the proteome during tumorigenesis and melatonin treatment, the rhythmic expression of proteins was also investigated at 6-h intervals within 24-h clock. Together, the present study has identified 434 proteins of altered expressions (p < 0.05 and fold change ±1.5) in the tissues of flies in response to lgl mutation as well as posttreatment with melatonin. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed that lgl mutation had significantly affected the biological functions, including metabolism, and protein synthesis and degradation, in flies' tissues. Besides, melatonin had beneficially mitigated the deleterious effects of lgl mutation by reversing the alterations in protein expression closer to baseline levels. Further, changes in protein expression in the tissues due to lgl mutation and melatonin treatment were found rhythmically orchestrated. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the pathways involved in lgl-induced tumorigenesis as well as demonstrated the efficacy of melatonin as a potential anticancer agent. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Cheng Wong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaime J Jayapalan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Perumal Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohd Nazri Ismail
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Puteri S Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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11
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Martinez-Cayuelas E, Merino-Andreu M, Losada-Del Pozo R, Gavela-Pérez T, Garcés C, Soriano-Guillén L. Response to Melatonin Treatment in Children With Autism spectrum Disorder and Relationship to Sleep Parameters and Melatonin Levels. J Child Neurol 2023:8830738231173606. [PMID: 37192744 DOI: 10.1177/08830738231173606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is one of the most used pharmacologic treatments for sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder, though its relationship with circadian and sleep parameters is still not well stablished. A naturalistic study was conducted in children with autism spectrum disorder, previously drug-naïve, before and after treatment with immediate-release melatonin. Circadian rhythms and sleep parameters were studied using an ambulatory circadian-monitoring device, and saliva samples were collected enabling determination of dim light melatonin onset. Twenty-six children with autism spectrum disorder (age 10.50 ± 2.91) were included. Immediate-release melatonin modified circadian rhythm as indicated by wrist skin temperature, showing an increase at night. A positive correlation was found between time of peak melatonin and sleep efficiency improvement values. Sleep-onset latency and efficiency improved with immediate-release melatonin. Immediate-release melatonin could be an effective treatment to improve sleep onset and restore a typical pattern of wrist temperature, which appears to be lost in autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martinez-Cayuelas
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Merino-Andreu
- Neurophisiology, Sleep Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261. 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Losada-Del Pozo
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gavela-Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcés
- Lipid Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Zhu B, Zheng S, Fan W, Zhang M, Xia Z, Chen X, Zhao A. Ectopic overexpression of mulberry MnT5H2 enhances melatonin production and salt tolerance in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1061141. [PMID: 36507424 PMCID: PMC9733638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization severely inhibits plant growth and has become one of the major limiting factors for global agricultural production. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development and in responding to abiotic stresses. Tryptamine-5-hydroxylase (T5H) is an enzyme essential for the biosynthesis of melatonin in plants. Previous studies have identified the gene MnT5H for melatonin synthesis in mulberry (Morus notabilis), but the role of this gene in response to salinity stress in mulberry is remain unclear. In this study, we ectopically overexpressed MnT5H2 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and treated it with NaCl solutions. Compared to wild-type (WT), melatonin content was significantly increased in the overexpression-MnT5H2 tobacco. Under salt stress, the expression of NtCAT, NtSOD, and NtERD10C and activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and the content of proline (Pro) in the transgenic lines were significantly higher than that in WT. The Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in transgenic tobacco was significantly lower than that of WT. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco seedlings exhibited faster growth in media with NaCl. This study reveals the changes of melatonin and related substance content in MnT5H2-overexpressing tobacco ultimately lead to improve the salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco, and also provides a new target gene for breeding plant resistance to salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Zheng
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meirong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Blume C, Niedernhuber M, Spitschan M, Slawik HC, Meyer MP, Bekinschtein TA, Cajochen C. Melatonin suppression does not automatically alter sleepiness, vigilance, sensory processing, or sleep. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac199. [PMID: 35998110 PMCID: PMC9644120 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Presleep exposure to short-wavelength light suppresses melatonin and decreases sleepiness with activating effects extending to sleep. This has mainly been attributed to melanopic effects, but mechanistic insights are missing. Thus, we investigated whether two light conditions only differing in the melanopic effects (123 vs. 59 lx melanopic EDI) differentially affect sleep besides melatonin. Additionally, we studied whether the light differentially modulates sensory processing during wakefulness and sleep. Twenty-nine healthy volunteers (18-30 years, 15 women) were exposed to two metameric light conditions (high- vs. low-melanopic, ≈60 photopic lx) for 1 h ending 50 min prior to habitual bed time. This was followed by an 8-h sleep opportunity with polysomnography. Objective sleep measurements were complemented by self-report. Salivary melatonin, subjective sleepiness, and behavioral vigilance were sampled at regular intervals. Sensory processing was evaluated during light exposure and sleep on the basis of neural responses related to violations of expectations in an oddball paradigm. We observed suppression of melatonin by ≈14% in the high- compared to the low-melanopic condition. However, conditions did not differentially affect sleep, sleep quality, sleepiness, or vigilance. A neural mismatch response was evident during all sleep stages, but not differentially modulated by light. Suppression of melatonin by light targeting the melanopic system does not automatically translate to acutely altered levels of vigilance or sleepiness or to changes in sleep, sleep quality, or basic sensory processing. Given contradicting earlier findings and the retinal anatomy, this may suggest that an interaction between melanopsin and cone-rod signals needs to be considered. Clinical Trial Registry: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00023602, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00023602.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Blume
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (institution, where the work was performed)
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Niedernhuber
- Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (institution, where the work was performed)
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Translational Sensory and Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helen C Slawik
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin P Meyer
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tristan A Bekinschtein
- Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (institution, where the work was performed)
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Weng M, Schöllhorn I, Kazhura M, Cardini BB, Stefani O. Impact of Evening Light Exposures with Different Solid Angles on Circadian Melatonin Rhythms, Alertness, and Visual Comfort in an Automotive Setting. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:607-622. [PMID: 36412580 PMCID: PMC9680305 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Future automotive interior lighting might have the potential to go beyond decorative purposes by influencing alertness, circadian physiology, and sleep. As the available space in the interior of an automobile for lighting applications is limited, understanding the impact of various luminous surface sizes on non-image-forming effects is fundamental in this field. In a laboratory study using a within-subject design, 18 participants were exposed to two bright light conditions with different solid angles and one dim light condition in a balanced, randomized order during the course of the evening. Our results demonstrate that both light conditions significantly increased subjective alertness and reduced salivary melatonin concentration but not cognitive performance compared to dim light. The solid angle of light exposure at constant corneal illuminance only affected visual comfort. While subjective alertness can be increased and melatonin can be attenuated with rather small luminaires, larger solid angles should be considered if visual comfort is a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weng
- Volkswagen AG, 38440 Wolfsburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Isabel Schöllhorn
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Brian B. Cardini
- Department of Applied Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland Basel, 4600 Olten, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Stefani
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Hilditch CJ, Wong LR, Bathurst NG, Feick NH, Pradhan S, Santamaria A, Shattuck NL, Flynn‐Evans EE. Rise and shine: The use of polychromatic short-wavelength-enriched light to mitigate sleep inertia at night following awakening from slow-wave sleep. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13558. [PMID: 35102669 PMCID: PMC9787581 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep inertia is the brief period of performance impairment and reduced alertness experienced after waking, especially from slow-wave sleep. We assessed the efficacy of polychromatic short-wavelength-enriched light to improve vigilant attention, alertness and mood immediately after waking from slow-wave sleep at night. Twelve participants (six female, 23.3 ± 4.2 years) maintained an actigraphy-confirmed sleep schedule of 8.5 hr for 5 nights, and 5 hr for 1 night prior to an overnight laboratory visit. In the laboratory, participants were awakened from slow-wave sleep, and immediately exposed to either dim, red ambient light (control) or polychromatic short-wavelength-enriched light (light) for 1 hr in a randomized crossover design. They completed a 5-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task, the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, and Visual Analogue Scales of mood at 2, 17, 32 and 47 min after waking. Following this testing period, lights were turned off and participants returned to sleep. They were awakened from their subsequent slow-wave sleep period and received the opposite condition. Compared with the control condition, participants exposed to light had fewer Psychomotor Vigilance Task lapses (χ2 [1] = 5.285, p = 0.022), reported feeling more alert (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale: F1,77 = 4.955, p = 0.029; Visual Analogue Scalealert : F1,77 = 8.226, p = 0.005), and reported improved mood (Visual Analogue Scalecheerful : F1,77 = 8.615, p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in sleep-onset latency between conditions following the testing period (t10 = 1.024, p = 0.330). Our results suggest that exposure to polychromatic short-wavelength-enriched light immediately after waking from slow-wave sleep at night may help improve vigilant attention, subjective alertness, and mood. Future studies should explore the potential mechanisms of this countermeasure and its efficacy in real-world environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie J. Hilditch
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratorySan José State UniversitySan JoséCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lily R. Wong
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratorySan José State UniversitySan JoséCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicholas G. Bathurst
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratoryNASA Ames Research CenterMoffett FieldCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nathan H. Feick
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratorySan José State UniversitySan JoséCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sean Pradhan
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratorySan José State UniversitySan JoséCaliforniaUSA,School of BusinessMenlo CollegeAthertonCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amanda Santamaria
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Research HubUniversity of South AustraliaMagillSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Nita L. Shattuck
- Operations Research DepartmentHuman Systems Integration ProgramNaval Postgraduate SchoolMontereyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin E. Flynn‐Evans
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratoryNASA Ames Research CenterMoffett FieldCaliforniaUSA
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16
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Danilenko KV. Objective Measures of Immediate “Energizing” Effect of Light: Studies Review and Data Analysis. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:475-496. [PMID: 36278531 PMCID: PMC9589941 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the energizing effect of light has been known since the early years of light therapy, its reliable detection using objective measures is still not well-established. This review aims to ascertain the immediate energizing effect of light and determine its best indicators. Sixty-four articles published before July 2022 were included in the review. The articles described 72 (sub-)studies performed in healthy individuals. Fourteen measures were analyzed. The analysis showed that light causes an energizing effect that can be best documented by measuring core (rectal) body temperature: the proportion of the studies revealing increasing, unchanging, and decreasing rectal temperature was 13/6/1. The second most suitable indicator was heart rate (10/22/1), which showed concordant changes with rectal temperature (a trend, seven mutual studies). There is no evidence from the reviewed articles that oxygen consumption, skin conductance, blood pressure, heart rate variability, non-rectal inner temperature (combined digestive, tympanic, and oral), skin temperature, or cortisol levels can provide light effect detection. Four other measures were found to be unsuitable as well but with less certainty due to the low number of studies (≤3): skin blood flow, noradrenaline, salivary alpha-amylase, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. On the other hand, light exposure had a noticeable effect on sympathetic nerve activity measured using microneurography; however, this measure can be accepted as a marker only tentatively as it was employed in a single study. The analysis took into account three factors—study limitation in design/analysis, use of light in day- or nighttime, and relative brightness of the light stimulus—that were found to significantly influence some of the analyzed variables. The review indicates that the energizing effect of light in humans can be reliably detected using rectal temperature and heart rate.
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17
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Li LB, Fan YG, Wu WX, Bai CY, Jia MY, Hu JP, Gao HL, Wang T, Zhong ML, Huang XS, Guo C. Novel melatonin-trientine conjugate as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106100. [PMID: 35988518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Researchers continue to explore drug targets to treat the characteristic pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some drugs relieve the pathological processes of AD to some extent, but the failed clinical trials indicate that multifunctional agents seem more likely to achieve the therapy goals for this neurodegenerative disease. Herein, a novel compound named melatonin-trientine (TM) has been covalently synthesized with the natural antioxidant compounds melatonin and the metal ion chelator trientine. After toxicological and pharmacokinetic verification, we elucidated the effects of intraperitoneal administration of TM on AD-like pathology in 6-month-old mice that express both the β-amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein and presenilin-1 (APP/PS1). We found that TM significantly decreased Aβ deposition and neuronal degeneration in the brains of the APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. This result may be due to the upregulation of iron regulatory protein-2 (IRP2), insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), and low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1), which leads to decreases in APP and Aβ levels. Additionally, TM may promote APP non-amyloidogenic processing by activating the melatonin receptor-2 (MT2)-dependent signaling pathways, but not MT1. In addition, TM plays an important role in blocking γ-secretase, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and metal ion dyshomeostasis. Our results suggest that TM may effectively maximize the therapeutic efficacy of targeting multiple mechanisms associated with AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bo Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong-Gang Fan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen-Xi Wu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Chen-Yang Bai
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Meng-Yu Jia
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Hui-Ling Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Man-Li Zhong
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xue-Shi Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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18
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Wu S, Wu C, Wang X, Fei W, Fu Y. Mediating effect of circadian rhythm between work stress and sleep quality in Chinese shift-working nurses: A cross-sectional survey. Nurs Open 2022; 10:560-569. [PMID: 35964326 PMCID: PMC9834518 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study examined the mediating effect of circadian rhythm amplitude (LV) and stability (FR) between work stress and sleep quality among Chinese shift-working nurses (SWNs). DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS Three-hundred and seventy-nine nurses working in shifts were investigated by convenient sampling from six hospitals in Shanghai, China. The mediating effect was analysed using the structural equation model with bootstrapping procedures. RESULTS Work stress could directly affect shift nurses' sleep quality and indirectly affect sleep quality through circadian rhythm amplitude and stability. The total indirect effects of work stress on sleep quality accounted for 36.7% of the total effect. The study revealed that poor sleep quality is very common among SWNs, which deserves attention. The mediating effect of the circadian rhythm provides new insights to improve sleep quality, not only by lightening the work stress but also by improving circadian rhythm in SWNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqi Wu
- School of NursingShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina,Nursing DepartmentShanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Caiqin Wu
- School of NursingShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- School of NursingShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina,School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Wenling Fei
- School of NursingShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina,Nursing DepartmentShanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Fu
- School of NursingShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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19
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Lok R, Woelders T, van Koningsveld MJ, Oberman K, Fuhler SG, Beersma DGM, Hut RA. Bright Light Decreases Peripheral Skin Temperature in Healthy Men: A Forced Desynchrony Study Under Dim and Bright Light (II). J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:417-428. [PMID: 35723003 PMCID: PMC9326805 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221096948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human thermoregulation is strictly regulated by the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, which is directly influenced by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The main input pathway of the SCN is light. Here, thermoregulatory effects of light were assessed in humans in a forced desynchrony (FD) design. The FD experiment was performed in dim light (DL, 6 lux) and bright white light (BL, 1300 lux) in 8 men in a semi-randomized within-subject design. A 4 × 18 h FD protocol (5 h sleep, 13 h wake) was applied, with continuous core body temperature (CBT) and skin temperature measurements at the forehead, clavicles, navel, palms, foot soles and toes. Skin temperature parameters indicated sleep-wake modulations as well as internal clock variations. All distal skin temperature parameters increased during sleep, when CBT decreased. Light significantly affected temperature levels during the wake phase, with decreased temperature measured at the forehead and toes and increased navel and clavicular skin temperatures. These effects persisted when the lights were turned off for sleep. Circadian amplitude of CBT and all skin temperature parameters decreased significantly during BL exposure. Circadian proximal skin temperatures cycled in phase with CBT, while distal skin temperatures cycled in anti-phase, confirming the idea that distal skin regions reflect heat dissipation and proximal regions approximate CBT. In general, we find that increased light intensity exposure may have decreased heat loss in humans, especially at times when the circadian system promotes sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lok
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.,University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - T Woelders
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
| | - M J van Koningsveld
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
| | - K Oberman
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
| | - S G Fuhler
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
| | - D G M Beersma
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
| | - R A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
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20
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Bishop-Freeman SC, Young KA, Labay LM, Beuhler MC, Hudson JS. Melatonin Supplementation in Undetermined Pediatric Deaths. J Anal Toxicol 2022; 46:808-816. [PMID: 35639879 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, the North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner has investigated seven deaths of infants and toddlers, ages 2 months to 3 years, with exogenous melatonin detected upon toxicological analysis. Melatonin concentrations ranged from 3-1400 ng/mL in postmortem whole blood. While the cause and the manner of all seven deaths were classified as undetermined, the analytical findings are noteworthy. Melatonin is generally considered a safe, natural product appearing in many over-the-counter supplements geared towards young children to facilitate calmness and improve sleep. Melatonin is a neurohormone, which regulates not only circadian rhythms and natural sleep, but other physiological functions. Endogenous melatonin production, derived from essential amino acid metabolism, does not begin until pineal gland maturation at around three months of age with concentrations in plasma peaking during periods of darkness at approximately 0.2 ng/mL. Administering commercially available melatonin supplements to infants results in levels orders of magnitude greater than endogenous sources which should not be assumed to be safe just because of its endogenous nature. The finding of exogenous concentrations in some postmortem pediatric cases warrants attention. Several topics of interest surrounding these postmortem melatonin findings will be considered, such as minimal regulatory control over commercial products as well as the potential impact on hazardous sleeping conditions. This manuscript will outline the physiological effects of melatonin and detail the case studies from the NC medical examiner system. Forensic toxicology laboratories should consider including melatonin at exogenous concentrations in their testing schemes for appropriate postmortem infant and toddler cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Bishop-Freeman
- North Carolina Office of Chief Medical Examiner, 4312 District Dr. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.,University of North Carolina, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kerry A Young
- North Carolina Office of Chief Medical Examiner, 4312 District Dr. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | | | - Michael C Beuhler
- Carolinas Poisons Control, 5000 Airport Center Pkwy Suite B Charlotte, NC 28208, USA
| | - Jason S Hudson
- North Carolina Office of Chief Medical Examiner, 4312 District Dr. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.,University of North Carolina, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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21
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Dekens MPS, Fontinha BM, Gallach M, Pflügler S, Tessmar‐Raible K. Melanopsin elevates locomotor activity during the wake state of the diurnal zebrafish. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e51528. [PMID: 35233929 PMCID: PMC9066073 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian and fish pineals play a key role in adapting behaviour to the ambient light conditions through the release of melatonin. In mice, light inhibits nocturnal locomotor activity via the non‐visual photoreceptor Melanopsin. In contrast to the extensively studied function of Melanopsin in the indirect regulation of the rodent pineal, its role in the intrinsically photosensitive zebrafish pineal has not been elucidated. Therefore, it is not evident if the light signalling mechanism is conserved between distant vertebrates, and how Melanopsin could affect diurnal behaviour. A double knockout of melanopsins (opn4.1‐opn4xb) was generated in the diurnal zebrafish, which manifests attenuated locomotor activity during the wake state. Transcriptome sequencing gave insight into pathways downstream of Melanopsin, implying that sustained repression of the melatonin pathway is required to elevate locomotor activity during the diurnal wake state. Moreover, we show that light induces locomotor activity during the diurnal wake state in an intensity‐dependent manner. These observations suggest a common Melanopsin‐driven mechanism between zebrafish and mammals, while the diurnal and nocturnal chronotypes are inversely regulated downstream of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus P S Dekens
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Molecular Biology University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Bruno M Fontinha
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Molecular Biology University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Miguel Gallach
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Molecular Biology University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Integrative Bioinformatics University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sandra Pflügler
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Molecular Biology University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar‐Raible
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Molecular Biology University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Research Platform “Marine Rhythms of Life” University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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22
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Harmsen JF, Wefers J, Doligkeit D, Schlangen L, Dautzenberg B, Rense P, van Moorsel D, Hoeks J, Moonen-Kornips E, Gordijn MCM, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Schrauwen P. The influence of bright and dim light on substrate metabolism, energy expenditure and thermoregulation in insulin-resistant individuals depends on time of day. Diabetologia 2022; 65:721-732. [PMID: 35106618 PMCID: PMC8894310 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In our modern society, artificial light is available around the clock and most people expose themselves to electrical light and light-emissive screens during the dark period of the natural light/dark cycle. Such suboptimal lighting conditions have been associated with adverse metabolic effects, and redesigning indoor lighting conditions to mimic the natural light/dark cycle more closely holds promise to improve metabolic health. Our objective was to compare metabolic responses to lighting conditions that resemble the natural light/dark cycle in contrast to suboptimal lighting in individuals at risk of developing metabolic diseases. METHODS Therefore, we here performed a non-blinded, randomised, controlled, crossover trial in which overweight insulin-resistant volunteers (n = 14) were exposed to two 40 h laboratory sessions with different 24 h lighting protocols while staying in a metabolic chamber under real-life conditions. In the Bright day-Dim evening condition, volunteers were exposed to electric bright light (~1250 lx) during the daytime (08:00-18:00 h) and to dim light (~5 lx) during the evening (18:00-23:00 h). Vice versa, in the Dim day-Bright evening condition, volunteers were exposed to dim light during the daytime and bright light during the evening. Randomisation and allocation to light conditions were carried out by sequential numbering. During both lighting protocols, we performed 24 h indirect calorimetry, and continuous core body and skin temperature measurements, and took frequent blood samples. The primary outcome was plasma glucose focusing on the pre- and postprandial periods of the intervention. RESULTS Spending the day in bright light resulted in a greater increase in postprandial triacylglycerol levels following breakfast, but lower glucose levels preceding the dinner meal at 18:00 h, compared with dim light (5.0 ± 0.2 vs 5.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l, n = 13, p=0.02). Dim day-Bright evening reduced the increase in postprandial glucose after dinner compared with Bright day-Dim evening (incremental AUC: 307 ± 55 vs 394 ± 66 mmol/l × min, n = 13, p=0.009). After the Bright day-Dim evening condition the sleeping metabolic rate was identical compared with the baseline night, whereas it dropped after Dim day-Bright evening. Melatonin secretion in the evening was strongly suppressed for Dim day-Bright evening but not for Bright day-Dim evening. Distal skin temperature for Bright day-Dim evening was lower at 18:00 h (28.8 ± 0.3°C vs 29.9 ± 0.4°C, n = 13, p=0.039) and higher at 23:00 h compared with Dim day-Bright evening (30.1 ± 0.3°C vs 28.8 ± 0.3°C, n = 13, p=0.006). Fasting and postprandial plasma insulin levels and the respiratory exchange ratio were not different between the two lighting protocols at any time. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Together, these findings suggest that the indoor light environment modulates postprandial substrate handling, energy expenditure and thermoregulation of insulin-resistant volunteers in a time-of-day-dependent manner. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03829982. FUNDING We acknowledge the financial support from the Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative: an initiative with support from the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON2014-02 ENERGISE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Frieder Harmsen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jakob Wefers
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Doligkeit
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Luc Schlangen
- Human-Technology Interaction Group and Intelligent Lighting Institute, Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Dautzenberg
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Rense
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk van Moorsel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke C M Gordijn
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Chrono@Work, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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23
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Zhu Y, Yan A, Shu B, Chen X, Chen Y, Duan G, Huang H. The Diurnal Profile of Human Basal Pain Sensitivity and Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity: A Healthy Volunteer Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:810166. [PMID: 35368259 PMCID: PMC8966078 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.810166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The diurnal rhythm profile of human basal pain sensitivity and its association with sympathetic nerve activity are not fully understood. This study aimed to examine rhythmic changes in experimental pain sensitivity and skin sympathetic nerve activity in healthy volunteers. Methods Thirty healthy volunteers were included in the study. Experimental pain sensitivity, including pressure pain threshold and tolerance, cold pain threshold (CPT) and tolerance, skin sympathetic nerve activity, and cardiovascular parameters (including heart rate, cardiac output, and peripheral vascular resistance) at six time points throughout the day (08:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00, 00:00, and 04:00) were sequentially measured. Circadian rhythm analysis was performed on the mean values of the different measurements and individual subjects. Results Significant differences were found in experimental pain sensitivity, skin sympathetic nerve activity, and non-invasive cardiovascular parameters at different time points (P < 0.05). The minimum measured values of all four types of experimental pain sensitivity were consistently observed at 04:00. Rhythmical analysis showed that the mean values of pressure pain threshold (meta2d P = 0.016) and skin sympathetic nerve activity (meta2d P = 0.039) were significant. Significant diurnal rhythms in pain sensitivity and skin sympathetic nerve activity existed in some individuals but not in others. No significant correlation between experimental pain sensitivity and skin sympathetic nerve activity was found at any time point (P > 0.05). Conclusion Significant diurnal fluctuations were observed in different pain sensitivities and skin sympathetic nerve activity. No significant correlation between experimental pain sensitivity and sympathetic excitability at different times was found; the reasons for these phenomena remain to be further studied. Clinical Trial Registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [ChiCTR2000039709].
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24
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Wibrow B, Martinez FE, Myers E, Chapman A, Litton E, Ho KM, Regli A, Hawkins D, Ford A, van Haren FMP, Wyer S, McCaffrey J, Rashid A, Kelty E, Murray K, Anstey M. Prophylactic melatonin for delirium in intensive care (Pro-MEDIC): a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48:414-425. [DOI: 10.1007/s00134-022-06638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Hou D, Lin C, Lin Y. Diurnal Circadian Lighting Accumulation Model: A Predictor of the Human Circadian Phase Shift Phenotype. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:50-63. [PMID: 36939753 PMCID: PMC9590583 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-021-00039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Light is an important external factor that affects human circadian rhythms. This study aimed to explore the effects of different dimensions of diurnal light exposure on the physiological circadian phase shift (CPS) of the human body. A strict light exposure experiment with different timing schemes (8:00-12:00, 13:00-17:00, 18:00-22:00), durations (4 h, 8 h) and effective circadian stimulus levels (circadian stimulus: 0.35, 0.55) was performed in an enclosed laboratory. Fourteen participants, including seven males and seven females, with a mean age of 24.29 ± 2.43 (mean ± standard deviation), participated in this experiment and experienced all six lighting schemes. The results showed that both time factor (F 3,40 = 29.079, p < 0.001, the power of the sample size = 0.98) and circadian stimulus levels (T 20 = - 2.415, p = 0.025, the power of sample size = 0.76) significantly affect the CPS. On this basis, a diurnal circadian lighting accumulation (DCLA)-CPS model was proposed in the form of the Boltzmann function, and was validated by experimental data with high correlation (R 2 = 0.9320, RSS = 0.1184), which provides strong support for rationally arranging the light level at different times of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Hou
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Caixin Lin
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yandan Lin
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
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26
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Siraji MA, Kalavally V, Schaefer A, Haque S. Effects of Daytime Electric Light Exposure on Human Alertness and Higher Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2022; 12:765750. [PMID: 35069337 PMCID: PMC8766646 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.765750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the results of a systematic review conducted on articles examining the effects of daytime electric light exposure on alertness and higher cognitive functions. For this, we selected 59 quantitative research articles from 11 online databases. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020157603). The results showed that both short-wavelength dominant light exposure and higher intensity white light exposure induced alertness. However, those influences depended on factors like the participants' homeostatic sleep drive and the time of day the participants received the light exposure. The relationship between light exposure and higher cognitive functions was not as straightforward as the alerting effect. The optimal light property for higher cognitive functions was reported dependent on other factors, such as task complexity and properties of control light. Among the studies with short-wavelength dominant light exposure, ten studies (morning: 3; afternoon: 7) reported beneficial effects on simple task performances (reaction time), and four studies (morning: 3; afternoon: 1) on complex task performances. Four studies with higher intensity white light exposure (morning: 3; afternoon: 1) reported beneficial effects on simple task performance and nine studies (morning: 5; afternoon: 4) on complex task performance. Short-wavelength dominant light exposure with higher light intensity induced a beneficial effect on alertness and simple task performances. However, those effects did not hold for complex task performances. The results indicate the need for further studies to understand the influence of short-wavelength dominant light exposure with higher illuminance on alertness and higher cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiqul Anwar Siraji
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Vineetha Kalavally
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Alexandre Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Haque
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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27
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Okechukwu C, Okechukwu C. How effective is daytime oral exogenous melatonin supplementation in improving sleep quality and duration? MGM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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28
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McFarland R, Henzi SP, Fuller A, Hetem RS, Young C, Barrett L. The thermal consequences of primate birth hour and its evolutionary implications. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20210574. [PMID: 35078330 PMCID: PMC8790368 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Most primates, including humans, give birth during the inactive phase of the daily cycle. Practical constraints therefore limit our knowledge of the precise timing of nocturnal birth in wild diurnal primates and so limit our understanding of selective pressures and consequences. We measured maternal core body temperature (Tb) across 24 births in a population of wild vervet monkeys using biologgers. We identified distinct perturbations in Tb during the birth period, including declining Tb during labour and the rapid recovery of Tb post-parturition. Vervet monkeys typically gave birth during their inactive phase in synchrony with the nadir of the maternal nychthemeral Tb rhythm but also showed remarkable inter-individual variability in their absolute Tb during birth. Our findings support the view that selection may have favoured a nocturnal timing of primate birth to coincide with lower night-time Tb and environmental temperatures, which improve thermal efficiency during birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard McFarland
- NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - S. Peter Henzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada T1 K 3M4,Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, FL 1710, South Africa
| | - Andrea Fuller
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Robyn S. Hetem
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa,School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Christopher Young
- NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK,Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, FL 1710, South Africa
| | - Louise Barrett
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa,Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada T1 K 3M4
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29
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Luo X, Ru T, Chen Q, Hsiao FC, Hung CS, Yang CM, Zhou G. Temporal Dynamics of Subjective and Objective Alertness During Exposure to Bright Light in the Afternoon for 5 h. Front Physiol 2021; 12:771605. [PMID: 34950050 PMCID: PMC8691749 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.771605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Light can induce an alertness response in humans. The effects of exposure to bright light vs. dim light on the levels of alertness during the day, especially in the afternoon, as reported in the literature, are inconsistent. This study employed a multiple measurement strategy to explore the temporal variations in the effects of exposure to bright light vs. regular office light (1,200 lx vs. 200 lx at eye level, 6,500 K) on the alertness of participants for 5 h in the afternoon. In this study, 20 healthy adults (11 female; mean age 23.25 ± 2.3 years) underwent the Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS), the auditory psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), and the waking electroencephalogram (EEG) test for two levels of light intervention. The results yielded a relatively lower relative delta power and a relatively higher beta power for the 1,200 lx condition in comparison with the 200 lx condition. However, the light conditions elicited no statistically significant differences in the KSS scores and performance with respect to the PVT. The results suggested that exposure to bright light for 5 h in the afternoon could enhance physiological arousal while exerting insignificant effects on subjective feelings and performance abilities relating to the alertness of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Luo
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Ru
- Lab of Light and Physiopsychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Normal University, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Lab of Light and Physiopsychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Normal University, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan-Chi Hsiao
- Department of Counseling and Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Sui Hung
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Yang
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Lab of Light and Physiopsychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Normal University, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Yan S, Xu S, Deng Z, Yang X, Xie H, Li J. Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology Identify the Therapeutic Role and Potential Mechanism of Melatonin in AD and Rosacea. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756550. [PMID: 34899707 PMCID: PMC8657413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is significantly associated with dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the common underlying molecular mechanism connecting these two diseases remains limited. This study aimed to reveal the common molecular regulatory networks and identify the potential therapeutic drugs for rosacea and AD. There were 747 overlapped DEGs (ol-DEGs) that were detected in AD and rosacea, enriched in inflammation-, metabolism-, and apoptosis-related pathways. Using the TF regulatory network analysis, 37 common TFs and target genes were identified as hub genes. They were used to predict the therapeutic drugs for rosacea and AD using the DGIdb/CMap database. Among the 113 predicted drugs, melatonin (MLT) was co-associated with both RORA and IFN-γ in AD and rosacea. Subsequently, network pharmacology analysis identified 19 pharmacological targets of MLT and demonstrated that MLT could help in treating AD/rosacea partly by modulating inflammatory and vascular signaling pathways. Finally, we verified the therapeutic role and mechanism of MLT on rosacea in vivo and in vitro. We found that MLT treatment significantly improved rosacea-like skin lesion by reducing keratinocyte-mediated inflammatory cytokine secretion and repressing the migration of HUVEC cells. In conclusion, this study contributes to common pathologies shared by rosacea and AD and identified MLT as an effective treatment strategy for rosacea and AD via regulating inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yiya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sha Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - San Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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31
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Zhou Q, Lin L, Li H, Wang H, Jiang S, Huang P, Lin Q, Chen X, Deng Y. Melatonin Reduces Neuroinflammation and Improves Axonal Hypomyelination by Modulating M1/M2 Microglia Polarization via JAK2-STAT3-Telomerase Pathway in Postnatal Rats Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6552-6576. [PMID: 34585328 PMCID: PMC8639545 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microglia activation and associated inflammation are implicated in the periventricular white matter damage (PWMD) in septic postnatal rats. This study investigated whether melatonin would mitigate inflammation and alleviate the axonal hypomyelination in the corpus callosum in septic postnatal rats. We further explored if this might be related to the modulation of microglial polarization from M1 phenotype to M2 through the JAK2/STAT3/telomerase pathway. We reported here that indeed melatonin not only can it reduce the neurobehavioral disturbances in LPS-injected rats, but it can also dampen microglia-mediated inflammation. Thus, in LPS + melatonin group, the expression of proinflammatory mediators in M1 phenotype microglia was downregulated. As opposed to this, M2 microglia were increased which was accompanied by upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory mediators along with telomerase reverse transcriptase or melatonin receptor 1(MT1). In parallel to this was decreased NG2 expression but increased expression of myelin and neurofilament proteins. Melatonin can improve hypomyelination which was confirmed by electron microscopy. In vitro in primary microglia stimulated by LPS, melatonin decreased the expression of proinflammatory mediators significantly; but it increased the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Additionally, the expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were significantly elevated in microglia after melatonin treatment. Remarkably, the effect of melatonin on LPS-treated microglia was blocked by melatonin receptor, JAK2, STAT3 and telomerase reverse transcriptase inhibitors, respectively. Taken together, it is concluded that melatonin can attenuate PWMD through shifting M1 microglia towards M2 via MT1/JAK2/STAT3/telomerase pathway. The results suggest a new therapeutic strategy whereby melatonin may be adopted to convert microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype that would ultimately contribute to the attenuation of PWMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lanfen Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuqi Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peixian Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiongyu Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, 522000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Shantou University Medical College (FCS), Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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32
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Stefanov B, Teixeira AP, Mansouri M, Bertschi A, Krawczyk K, Hamri GC, Xue S, Fussenegger M. Genetically Encoded Protein Thermometer Enables Precise Electrothermal Control of Transgene Expression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101813. [PMID: 34496151 PMCID: PMC8564464 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Body temperature is maintained at around 37 °C in humans, but may rise to 40 °C or more during high-grade fever, which occurs in most adults who are seriously ill. However, endogenous temperature sensors, such as ion channels and heat-shock promoters, are fully activated only at noxious temperatures above this range, making them unsuitable for medical applications. Here, a genetically encoded protein thermometer (human enhanced gene activation thermometer; HEAT) is designed that can trigger transgene expression in the range of 37-40 °C by linking a mutant coiled-coil temperature-responsive protein sensor to a synthetic transcription factor. To validate the construct, a HEAT-transgenic monoclonal human cell line, FeverSense, is generated and it is confirmed that it works as a fever sensor that can temperature- and exposure-time-dependently trigger reporter gene expression in vitro and in vivo. For translational proof of concept, microencapsulated designer cells stably expressing a HEAT-controlled insulin production cassette in a mouse model of type-1 diabetes are subcutaneously implanted and topical heating patches are used to apply heat corresponding to a warm sensation in humans. Insulin release is induced, restoring normoglycemia. Thus, HEAT appears to be suitable for practical electrothermal control of cell-based therapy, and may also have potential for next-generation treatment of fever-associated medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana P. Teixeira
- ETH ZürichDepartment of Biosystems Science and EngineeringMattenstrasse 26Basel4058Switzerland
| | - Maysam Mansouri
- ETH ZürichDepartment of Biosystems Science and EngineeringMattenstrasse 26Basel4058Switzerland
| | - Adrian Bertschi
- ETH ZürichDepartment of Biosystems Science and EngineeringMattenstrasse 26Basel4058Switzerland
| | - Krzysztof Krawczyk
- ETH ZürichDepartment of Biosystems Science and EngineeringMattenstrasse 26Basel4058Switzerland
| | | | - Shuai Xue
- ETH ZürichDepartment of Biosystems Science and EngineeringMattenstrasse 26Basel4058Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- ETH ZürichDepartment of Biosystems Science and EngineeringMattenstrasse 26Basel4058Switzerland
- University of BaselFaculty of Life ScienceBasel4056Switzerland
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Kuang H, Zhu YG, Zhou ZF, Yang MW, Hong FF, Yang SL. Sleep disorders in Alzheimer's disease: the predictive roles and potential mechanisms. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1965-1972. [PMID: 33642368 PMCID: PMC8343328 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and can even occur in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, which appears before Alzheimer's disease. Sleep disorders further impair cognitive function and accelerate the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau in patients with Alzheimer's disease. At present, sleep disorders are considered as a risk factor for, and may be a predictor of, Alzheimer's disease development. Given that sleep disorders are encountered in other types of dementia and psychiatric conditions, sleep-related biomarkers to predict Alzheimer's disease need to have high specificity and sensitivity. Here, we summarize the major Alzheimer's disease-specific sleep changes, including abnormal non-rapid eye movement sleep, sleep fragmentation, and sleep-disordered breathing, and describe their ability to predict the onset of Alzheimer's disease at its earliest stages. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these sleep changes is also crucial if we are to clarify the role of sleep in Alzheimer's disease. This paper therefore explores some potential mechanisms that may contribute to sleep disorders, including dysregulation of the orexinergic, glutamatergic, and γ-aminobutyric acid systems and the circadian rhythm, together with amyloid-β accumulation. This review could provide a theoretical basis for the development of drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease based on sleep disorders in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Kuang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ge Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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34
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Opsins outside the eye and the skin: a more complex scenario than originally thought for a classical light sensor. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:519-538. [PMID: 34236517 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of melanopsin as a retinal non-visual photopigment, opsins have been described in several organs and cells. This distribution is strikingly different from the classical localization of photopigments in light-exposed tissues such as the eyes and the skin. More than 10 years ago, a new paradigm in the field was created as opsins were shown, to detect not only light, but also thermal energy in Drosophila. In agreement with these findings, thermal detection by opsins was also reported in mammalian cells. Considering the presence of opsins in tissues not reached by light, an intriguing question has emerged: What is the role of a classical light-sensor, and more recently appreciated thermo-sensor, in these tissues? To tackle this question, we address in this review the most recent studies in the field, with emphasis in mammals. We provide the present view about the role of opsins in peripheral tissues, aiming to integrate the current knowledge of the presence and function of opsins in organs that are not directly affected by light.
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Zhou Y, Chen Q, Luo X, Li L, Ru T, Zhou G. Does Bright Light Counteract the Post-lunch Dip in Subjective States and Cognitive Performance Among Undergraduate Students? Front Public Health 2021; 9:652849. [PMID: 34164367 PMCID: PMC8215386 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.652849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-lunch dip in alertness and performance was widely experienced during the early afternoon. Taking a short nap was documented as a practical strategy for habitual nappers to counteract the decline of alertness and performance. Yet, it remains unknown whether bright light exposure in the early afternoon working hours could alleviate the performance deficits caused by a post-lunch nap loss for habitual nappers. Seventeen undergraduate students who had a long-term habit of taking a post-lunch nap were assigned to three interventions: (1) a short nap + normal indoor light (100 lx, 4,000 K at eye level); (2) no nap + normal indoor light, and (3) no nap + blue-enriched bright light (1,000 lx, 6,500 K at eye level), in which subjective alertness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, KSS), mood (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, PANAS), and task performance in sustained attention (psychomotor vigilance test, PVT), response inhibition (go/no-go task), and working memory (paced visual serial addition test, PVSAT) were measured. Results showed that a post-lunch nap deprivation significantly increased subjective sleepiness and negative mood and impaired performance in PVT and PVSAT, while exposure to bright blue-enriched white light vs. normal indoor light in the early afternoon significantly relieved such negative effects on mood, sleepiness, and performance in PVSAT; subjective positive mood and performance in PVT and go/no-go task remained unaffected with light intervention. These findings suggested that bright blue-enriched white light exposure could be a potential strategy for those who are suffering from drowsiness and low working memory following a habitual midday nap loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Lab of Lighting and Physio-Psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Lab of Lighting and Physio-Psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Luo
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Li
- Lab of Lighting and Physio-Psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Ru
- Lab of Lighting and Physio-Psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Lab of Lighting and Physio-Psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Sumsuzzman DM, Choi J, Jin Y, Hong Y. Neurocognitive effects of melatonin treatment in healthy adults and individuals with Alzheimer's disease and insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:459-473. [PMID: 33957167 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous melatonin levels are inversely associated with age and cognitive deficits. Although melatonin can improve psychopathological behavior disturbances in clinical trials, whether melatonin may also enhance cognitive function remains elusive. This study examined cognitive outcomes from randomized trials of melatonin treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), insomnia, and healthy-subjects. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria (AD = 9, insomnia = 2, healthy-subjects = 11). AD patients receiving >12 weeks of melatonin treatment improved mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score [MD: 1.82 (1.01; 2.63) p < 0.0001]. Importantly, melatonin significantly improved MMSE score in mild stage of AD [MD: 1.89 (0.96; 2.82) p < 0.0001]. In healthy-subjects, although daytime melatonin treatment notably decreased in accuracy by correct responses [SMD: -0.74 (-1.03; -0.45) p < 0.00001], the reaction-time score on different stimuli (p = 0.37) did not increased. Additionally, by pooling of short-term, spatial, and visual memory scores, melatonin did not reduce memory function (p = 0.08). Meta-analysis of MMSE score suggested that melatonin is effective in treatment for mild stage of AD. Additionally, we propose that melatonin may be preferable to traditional hypnotics in management of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewan Md Sumsuzzman
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunho Jin
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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37
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Austin E, Geisler AN, Nguyen J, Kohli I, Hamzavi I, Lim HW, Jagdeo J. Visible light. Part I: Properties and cutaneous effects of visible light. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84:1219-1231. [PMID: 33640508 PMCID: PMC8887026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is visible light (400-700 nm). Other sources of visible light include lasers, light-emitting diodes, and flash lamps. Photons from visible light are absorbed by photoreceptive chromophores (e.g., melanin, heme, and opsins), altering skin function by activating and imparting energy to chromophores. Additionally, visible light can penetrate the full thickness of the skin and induce pigmentation and erythema. Clinically, lasers and light devices are used to treat skin conditions by utilizing specific wavelengths and treatment parameters. Red and blue light from light-emitting diodes and intense pulsed light have been studied as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments for acne. Pulsed dye lasers are used to treat vascular lesions in adults and infants. Further research is necessary to determine the functional significance of visible light on skin health without confounding the influence of ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York.
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38
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Dong L, Zheng Z, Zhong D, Long X, Cai Q, Jian W, Zhang S, Wu W, Yao D. Effects of Morning Blue-Green 500 nm Light Therapy on Cognition and Biomarkers in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1521-1536. [PMID: 33843675 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that there is no specific drug to treat Alzheimer's disease, non-pharmacologic interventions in people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are one of the most important treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE To clarify the efficacy of blue-green (500 nm) light therapy on sleep, mood, and physiological parameters in patients with SCD and aMCI is an interesting avenue to explore. METHODS This is a monocentric, randomized, and controlled trial that will last for 4 weeks. We will recruit 150 individuals aged 45 years or older from memory clinics and divide them into 5 groups: SCD treatment (n = 30), SCD control (n = 30), aMCI treatment (n = 30), aMCI control (n = 30), and a group of healthy adult subjects (n = 30) as a normal control (NC). RESULTS The primary outcome is the change in subjective and objective cognitive performance between baseline and postintervention visits (4 weeks after baseline). Secondary outcomes include changes in performance assessing from baseline, postintervention to follow-up (3 months after the intervention), as well as sleep, mood, and physiological parameters (including blood, urine, electrophysiology, and neuroimaging biomarkers). CONCLUSION This study aims to provide evidence of the impact of light therapy on subjective and objective cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults with SCD or aMCI. In addition, we will identify possible neurophysiological mechanisms of action underlying light therapy. Overall, this trial will contribute to the establishment of light therapy in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Memory Clinic of department of Neurology, Chengdu Western Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yige Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Dong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dayong Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Revolutionary Disabled Soldiers Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xunqin Long
- The Memory Clinic of department of Neurology, Chengdu Western Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyan Cai
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jian
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Songge Zhang
- The Memory Clinic of department of Neurology, Chengdu Western Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China
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Qiu Q, Song X, Sun C, Tan Y, Xu Y, Huang G, Zhang N, Li Z, Wei W. [Effect of general anesthesia on postoperative melatonin secretion in 4-to 6-year-old children with snoring]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:128-134. [PMID: 33509765 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.01.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of general anesthesia on postoperative melatonin secretion in 4-to 6-year-old children with snoring. METHODS Twenty children with snoring aged 4-6 years of either gender (ASA grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ) were selected for adenoidectomy.Before, during and 3 days after the operation, salivary melatonin levels of the children were measured at 11 selected time points (T1-T11).The illumination intensity and body temperature of the children were recorded at each time point of measurement.The sleep time of the children in 3 days after the operation was recorded, and postoperative pain scores (FLACC) and Riker and Rehabilitation Quality Rating Scale-15(QoR-15) scores were assessed.Sleep Apnea Life Quality Evaluation Questionnaire (OSA-18) was used to evaluate postoperative recovery of the children at 28 days after the operation.The incidence of major adverse events of the children during hospitalization was recorded. RESULTS No significant difference was found in baseline salivary melatonin level among the 20 children before the operation.Salivary melatonin level at 7 am after the operation (T8) was significantly lowered as compared with that before the surgery (T4)(P < 0.05) but recovered at 7 am on the second day after the surgery (T11);salivary melatonin levels at T4, T8, and T11 exceeded 3 pg/mL on the third day.No significant difference was found in illumination intensity or body temperature across the time points when melatonin level was measured.The children showed no significant changes in FLACC score, Riker score or QOR- 15 score after the operation, but the OSA-18 score was significantly lowered after the operation (P < 0.05).None of the 20 children had such adverse events as respiratory depression, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, nausea or vomiting during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS In preschool children with snoring, general anesthesia affects but does not inhibit melatonin secretion on the first night after surgery, and minor surgeries under general anesthesia in the morning do not cause significant changes in melatonin secretion to cause disturbance of the circadian rhythm in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqi Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xingrong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Changzhi Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yonghong Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yingyi Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Guiliang Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Zhengke Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
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Barnadas Solé C, Zerón Rugerio MF, Foncillas Corvinos J, Díez-Noguera A, Cambras T, Izquierdo-Pulido M. Sleeve gastrectomy in patients with severe obesity restores circadian rhythms and their relationship with sleep pattern. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:565-575. [PMID: 33435751 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1866003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Advances in research have linked alterations of circadian rhythms with obesity. However, few studies have focused on the recovery of the circadian expression after a weight loss treatment. Our aim was to study the alterations of the circadian rhythmicity due to morbid obesity and the recovery of the circadian pattern after weight loss in a cohort of patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. For this purpose, 41 patients with severe obesity (75% women; age [mean (SD)] 49.7 ± 10 years; BMI 44.3 ± 6.2 kg/m2) were monitored before bariatric surgery and 9 months afterward. On both occasions, activity and wrist temperature were determined by actigraphy and were related with weight loss. Anthropometric, biochemical, and sleep-related variables, along with dietary intake and physical activity, were analyzed in relation with circadian rhythmicity. Results show significant differences in the circadian expression before and after 9 months of bariatric surgery, with more stable and less fragmented rhythms after weight loss. Moreover, only after surgery were the circadian variables associated to sleep timing and chronotype. The findings of this study indicate that weight loss treatment in patients with morbid obesity improves the circadian rhythm expression, and in such a way that it could be associated with better sleep quality. Moreover, it allows the recovery of the relationship between sleep patterns and circadian rhythm that was lost due to the obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barnadas Solé
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and General and Digestive Surgery, Clínica Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor de Barcelona (HUSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Fernanda Zerón Rugerio
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Foncillas Corvinos
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and General and Digestive Surgery, Clínica Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor de Barcelona (HUSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Díez-Noguera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Yaw AM, McLane-Svoboda AK, Hoffmann HM. Shiftwork and Light at Night Negatively Impact Molecular and Endocrine Timekeeping in the Female Reproductive Axis in Humans and Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E324. [PMID: 33396885 PMCID: PMC7795361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiftwork, including work that takes place at night (nightshift) and/or rotates between day and nightshifts, plays an important role in our society, but is associated with decreased health, including reproductive dysfunction. One key factor in shiftwork, exposure to light at night, has been identified as a likely contributor to the underlying health risks associated with shiftwork. Light at night disrupts the behavioral and molecular circadian timekeeping system, which is important for coordinated timing of physiological processes, causing mistimed hormone release and impaired physiological functions. This review focuses on the impact of shiftwork on reproductive function and pregnancy in women and laboratory rodents and potential underlying molecular mechanisms. We summarize the negative impact of shiftwork on female fertility and compare these findings to studies in rodent models of light shifts. Light-shift rodent models recapitulate several aspects of reproductive dysfunction found in shift workers, and their comparison with human studies can enable a deeper understanding of physiological and hormonal responses to light shifts and the underlying molecular mechanisms that may lead to reproductive disruption in human shift workers. The contributions of human and rodent studies are essential to identify the origins of impaired fertility in women employed in shiftwork.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanne M. Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Science Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Nie J, Zhou T, Chen Z, Dang W, Jiao F, Zhan J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Pan Z, Kang X, Wang Y, Wang Q, Dong W, Zhou S, Yu X, Zhang G, Shen B. Investigation on entraining and enhancing human circadian rhythm in closed environments using daylight-like LED mixed lighting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 732:139334. [PMID: 32438188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans can undergo circadian disruption and misalignment when living in closed environments without sufficient daylight. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate the effects of artificial light on the circadian rhythm. In this work, the red, green, blue, warm white, and cool white (RGBWW) five-channel light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated as the only light sources in the closed environment. The LED mixed lighting showed a high color rendering index (CRI) all the time. During the day, the light simulated the daylight and increased the tunability of the circadian action factor (CAF) and correlated color temperature (CCT). At night, it maintained low CAF and CCT. Three subjects did irregular shift work in the closed environment for 38 days. Their plasma melatonin and daily activity were measured to assess the circadian rhythm. After 38 days, the subjects' peak melatonin times did not shift significantly (p = 0.676), while their peak melatonin concentrations increased apparently (p = 0.005). The start times of the least active 5-h period (L5) in one day fluctuated in a small range. The standard deviation (SD) was <15.11 min in most times. These results demonstrated that the subjects' rhythms maintained stable and were enhanced. The periods of circular cross-correlation between activity and CAF oscillated around 24 h (SD = 15.4 min), indicating the entrainment of light on the stable 24-h rhythm. It was concluded that the daylight-like LED lighting effectively entrained and enhanced the circadian rhythm in the closed environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianhang Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhizhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Weimin Dang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinglin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zuojian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangning Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuzhe Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guoyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Dongguan Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Melatonin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antidepressant Effects and HPA Hormone Modulation. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4789475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. The present work aims at formulating the melatonin-loaded nanoparticles (MTNPs) exhibiting the controlled-release and pH-sensitivity to repurpose the use of melatonin in the treatment of depressive-like behaviors and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation.Methods. MTNPs were characterized for the size, drug incorporation, andin vitrorelease in the different pH environments. Its merits werein vivotested on the pinealectomized rats presenting the depressive-like behaviors and the abnormal HPA axis activity by calculating the improvement on saccharin preference, swimming immobility time, and the negative feedback of HPA axis.Results. Results revealed that MTNPs showed nanometer size, 15.77% of drug loading, 33.82% of encapsulation efficiency, the different controlled-release profiles in different pH environments (pH 1.2, pH 6.8, and pH 7.4), more sensitivity release in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) and blood (pH 6.8), and less sensitivity release in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2). Furthermore, MTNPs displayed better antidepressant actions in reducing the immobility time of forced swimming test, increasing the preference for saccharin, and sensitizing the blunt negative feedback of HPA axis, when compared to the free melatonin.Conclusions. The controlled-release nanoparticles is shown to be an effective improvement on the dosage form for melatonin, which is worthy of futuristic and complete evaluation.
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Li R, Toan S, Zhou H. Role of mitochondrial quality control in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6467-6485. [PMID: 32213662 PMCID: PMC7185127 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient oversupply and mitochondrial dysfunction play central roles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mitochondria are the major sites of β-oxidation, a catabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down. The mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system includes mitochondrial fission, fusion, mitophagy and mitochondrial redox regulation, and is essential for the maintenance of the functionality and structural integrity of the mitochondria. Excessive and uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria damages mitochondrial components, including membranes, proteins and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and triggers the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. The functionality of some damaged mitochondria can be restored by fusion with normally functioning mitochondria, but when severely damaged, mitochondria are segregated from the remaining functional mitochondrial network through fission and are eventually degraded via mitochondrial autophagy, also called as mitophagy. In this review, we describe the functions and mechanisms of mitochondrial fission, fusion, oxidative stress and mitophagy in the development and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Gorman MR. Temporal organization of pineal melatonin signaling in mammals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 503:110687. [PMID: 31866317 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the pineal gland is the sole endocrine source of melatonin, which is secreted according to daily and seasonal patterns. This mini-review synthesizes the established endocrine actions of melatonin in the following temporal contexts. Melatonin is a strictly regulated output of the circadian timing system, but under certain conditions, may also entrain the circadian pacemaker and clocks in peripheral tissues. As the waveform of nightly melatonin secretion varies seasonally, melatonin provides a hormonal representation of the time of year. The duration of elevated melatonin secretion regulates reproductive physiology and other seasonal adaptations either by entraining a circannual rhythm or by inducing seasonal responses directly. An entrainment action of nightly melatonin on clock gene expression in the pars tuberalis of the anterior pituitary may partly underly its mechanistic role as a photoperiodic switch. Melatonin has important functions developmentally to regulate multiple physiological systems and program timing of puberty. Endogenous melatonergic systems are disrupted by modern lifestyles of humans through altered circadian entrainment, acute suppression by light and self-administration of pharmacological melatonin. Non-endocrine actions of locally synthesized melatonin fall outside of the scope of this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Gorman
- Departments of Psychology and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0109, USA.
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Wahl S, Engelhardt M, Schaupp P, Lappe C, Ivanov IV. The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900102. [PMID: 31433569 PMCID: PMC7065627 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Visible light synchronizes the human biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus to the solar 24-hour cycle. Short wavelengths, perceived as blue color, are the strongest synchronizing agent for the circadian system that keeps most biological and psychological rhythms internally synchronized. Circadian rhythm is important for optimum function of organisms and circadian sleep-wake disruptions or chronic misalignment often may lead to psychiatric and neurodegenerative illness. The beneficial effect on circadian synchronization, sleep quality, mood, and cognitive performance depends not only on the light spectral composition but also on the timing of exposure and its intensity. Exposure to blue light during the day is important to suppress melatonin secretion, the hormone that is produced by the pineal gland and plays crucial role in circadian rhythm entrainment. While the exposure to blue is important for keeping organism's wellbeing, alertness, and cognitive performance during the day, chronic exposure to low-intensity blue light directly before bedtime, may have serious implications on sleep quality, circadian phase and cycle durations. This rises inevitably the need for solutions to improve wellbeing, alertness, and cognitive performance in today's modern society where exposure to blue light emitting devices is ever increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Wahl
- Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbHAalenGermany
| | - Moritz Engelhardt
- Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | | | | | - Iliya V. Ivanov
- Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbHAalenGermany
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Lok R, van Koningsveld MJ, Gordijn MCM, Beersma DGM, Hut RA. Daytime melatonin and light independently affect human alertness and body temperature. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12583. [PMID: 31033013 PMCID: PMC6767594 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Light significantly improves alertness during the night (Cajochen, Sleep Med Rev, 11, 2007 and 453; Ruger et al., AJP Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 290, 2005 and R1413), but results are less conclusive at daytime (Lok et al., J Biol Rhythms, 33, 2018 and 589). Melatonin and core body temperature levels at those times of day may contribute to differences in alerting effects of light. In this experiment, the combined effect of daytime exogenous melatonin administration and light intensity on alertness, body temperature, and skin temperature was studied. The goal was to assess whether (a) alerting effects of light are melatonin dependent, (b) soporific effects of melatonin are mediated via the thermoregulatory system, and (c) light can improve alertness after melatonin-induced sleepiness during daytime. 10 subjects (5 females, 5 males) received melatonin (5 mg) in dim (10 lux) and, on a separate occasion, in bright polychromatic white light (2000 lux). In addition, they received placebo both under dim and bright light conditions. Subjects participated in all four conditions in a balanced order, yielding a balanced within-subject design, lasting from noon to 04:00 pm. Alertness and performance were assessed half hourly, while body temperature and skin temperature were measured continuously. Saliva samples to detect melatonin concentrations were collected half hourly. Melatonin administration increased melatonin concentrations in all subjects. Subjective sleepiness and distal skin temperature increased after melatonin ingestion. Bright light exposure after melatonin administration did not change subjective alertness scores, but body temperature and proximal skin temperature increased, while distal skin temperature decreased. Light exposure did not significantly affect these parameters in the placebo condition. These results indicate that (a) exogenous melatonin administration during daytime increases subjective sleepiness, confirming a role for melatonin in sleepiness regulation, (b) bright light exposure after melatonin ingestion significantly affected thermoregulatory parameters without altering subjective sleepiness, therefore temperature changes seem nonessential for melatonin-induced sleepiness, (c) subjective sleepiness was increased by melatonin ingestion, but bright light administration was not able to improve melatonin-induced sleepiness feelings nor performance. Other (physiological) factors may therefore contribute to differences in alerting effects of light during daytime and nighttime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Lok
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Minke J. van Koningsveld
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marijke C. M. Gordijn
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Chrono@WorkGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Domien G. M. Beersma
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Roelof A. Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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Karatsoreos IN. Circadian Regulation of the Brain and Behavior: A Neuroendocrine Perspective. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 43:323-351. [PMID: 31586337 PMCID: PMC7594017 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2019_115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine systems are key regulators of brain and body functions, providing an important nexus between internal states and the external world, which then modulates appropriate behavioral outputs. Circadian (daily) rhythms are endogenously generated rhythms of approximately 24 h that help to synchronize internal physiological processes and behavioral states to the external environmental light-dark cycle. Given the importance of timing (hours, days, annual) in many different neuroendocrine axes, understanding how the circadian timing system regulates neuroendocrine function is particularly critical. Similarly, neuroendocrine signals can significantly affect circadian timing, and understanding these mechanisms can provide insights into general concepts of neuroendocrine regulation of brain circuits and behavior. This chapter will review the circadian timing system and its control of two key neuroendocrine systems: the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It will also discuss how outputs from these axes feedback to affect the circadian clock. Given that disruption of circadian timing is a central component of many mental and physical health conditions and that neuroendocrine function is similarly implicated in many of the same conditions, understanding these links will help illuminate potentially shared causality and perhaps lead to a better understanding of how to manipulate these systems when they begin to malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia N Karatsoreos
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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