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Furtado AJ, Abdalla Filho AL, Bruno JF, Neto RP, Lobo AAG, da Silva GV, Junior FP, Alves TC, Berndt A, de Faria Pedroso A, de Medeiros SR, Oliveira PPA, Rodrigues PHM. Pigeon Pea Intercropped with Tropical Pasture as a Mitigation Strategy for Enteric Methane Emissions of Nellore Steers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081323. [PMID: 37106886 PMCID: PMC10135237 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the effects of intercropping pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) with tropical pastures for feeding Nellore cattle and compared animal performance and enteric CH4 emissions with other pasture-based systems during the dry and rainy seasons of 2021. Thirty-six Nellore steers (with a body weight of 221 ± 7 kg and an age of 15-16 months) were randomly distributed in three treatments with three replicates (in paddocks of 1.5 hectares each): (1) a degraded pasture of Urochloa spp. (DEG); (2) a recovered and fertilized pasture of Urochloa spp. (REC); and (3) pigeon pea intercropped with Urochloa spp. (MIX). Enteric CH4 emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique, and dry matter intake (DMI) was determined using internal (iNDF) and external (TiO2) markers. Forages were collected by hand plucking after observations of ingestive behavior, and feces was collected after voluntary defecation. The proportion of grass and legume intake was estimated by C stable isotopes, and the forage nutritional quality was determined, while animal performance was monitored monthly, and the stocking rate was adjusted by the "put and take" technique. The results indicated that intercropping pigeon pea with tropical grasses is an interesting strategy for sustainable livestock production based on pastures. The MIX treatment was able to meet the nutritional requirements of the animals, which presented higher performance. In addition, there was a reduction in CH4 emissions up to 70% when expressed per average daily weight gain in comparison to the DEG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althieres José Furtado
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Fernandes Bruno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Rolando Pasquini Neto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Annelise Aila Gomes Lobo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Voltareli da Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio Perna Junior
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Alves
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - André de Faria Pedroso
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Raposo de Medeiros
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
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Bompadre TFV, Martinez MIV, Fernandes EAN, Sakita GZ, Abdalla AL, Hanigan MD, Louvandini H. Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection damages intestine brush board cells and could negatively impact postabsorptive parameters of Santa Ines lambs. Exp Parasitol 2023; 246:108464. [PMID: 36682720 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate histological, digestive and postabsorptive physiological parameters in Santa Ines lambs infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and fed different levels of phosphorus. Therefore, eighteen Santa Ines, castrated male, six-month old, healthy lambs (initial body weight 22.4 ± 2.7 kg) were distributed in one of four treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 split-plot arrangement: Sufficient dietary P level and uninfected (SPui; n = 4), Sufficient dietary P level and infected (SPi; n = 5), Deficient dietary P level and uninfected (DPui; n = 4), Deficient dietary P level and infected (DPi; n = 5). Infected lambs received, orally, a single pulse dose of 40.000 T. colubriformis infective larval stage (L3). Animals were fed Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon ssp.; 60%), and cassava meal and maize gluten meal (40%). Measurement of nutrient apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism were performed in individual metabolic stalls. To achieve the trial results, it was measured methane emissions in respiratory chambers, urine purine derivatives, ruminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), histological cuts of duodenal mucosal tissues and passage rates fluxes, analyzed by external (Yb, Cr, and Co) and internal (iNDF) markers. Statistical procedures were performed in R studio. The fixed main effects of treatment and the interactions were tested by ANOVA, and means compared by Duncan's test at 5% significance. Apparent digestibility was not affected by treatments, however, nitrogen retained decreased (P < 0.01) and urinary nitrogen losses increased (P < 0.01) in infected animals. Small intestine digesta content, empty segment weight, and length were higher in infected animals (P < 0.05). Passage rate was not majorly affected by infection or dietary P levels. Methane emissions, SCFA concentrations, and purine derivative excretion were also not affected by treatments. Regarding the histology, the vilosity weight (P < 0.05), and crypt depth (P < 0.01) decreased in infected animals. In conclusion, T. colubriformis infection can damage intestinal mucosa and affect nitrogen metabolism, but did not affect the digesta transit, and nutrient digestibility. The P dietary levels did not promote any modification in GIT physiological parameters tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F V Bompadre
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria I V Martinez
- Radioisotope Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13418-000, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabete A N Fernandes
- Radioisotope Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13418-000, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Z Sakita
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark D Hanigan
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, 2470 Litton-Reaves Hall (0315), 175 West Campus Drive, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sakita GZ, Tavares Lima PDM, Filho ALA, Bompadre TFV, Ovani VS, Silva Chaves CDME, Bizzuti BE, dos Santos da Costa W, do Prado Paim T, Campioni TS, de Oliva Neto P, Bremer-Neto H, Louvandini H, Abdalla AL. Treating tropical grass with fibrolytic enzymes from the fungus Trichoderma reesei: effects on animal performance, digestibility and enteric methane emissions of growing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Soltan Y, Abdalla Filho A, Abdalla A, Berenchtein B, Schiavinatto P, Costa C. Replacing maize with low tannin sorghum grains: lamb growth performance, microbial protein synthesis and enteric methane production. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grain with low tannin content may be suitable as an alternative to maize (Zea mays L.) grain in ruminant diets in terms of input costs and drought tolerance, and effects on growth performance and mitigation of methane (CH4) emissions.
Aims
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of substitution of maize with sorghum grain at different rates on ruminal microbial protein synthesis, CH4 formation and liveweight gain in growing ruminants.
Methods
Twenty-five Santa Inês lambs (bodyweight 19.0 ± 1.5 kg) were randomly divided into five dietary treatments. Control diet components (on a dry matter basis) were Tifton-85 hay (400 g/kg), maize (405 g/kg), soybean meal (165 g/kg) and commercial mineral supplement (30 g/kg). Sorghum diets comprised the basal diet with the maize grain proportionately substituted with sorghum grain at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (diets S25–S100). Lamb feed intake, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis and CH4 emission were measured during an experimental period of 70 days.
Key results
Negligible variations of chemical composition were observed among the experimental diets, although numerical increases in condensed tannins were observed with increasing levels of sorghum replacement. There was no significant effect of level of sorghum inclusion on feed intake. Partial substitution of maize with sorghum grain increased lamb average daily gain linearly (P = 0.02) and quadratically (P = 0.002) compared with diets based on either grain alone, with the S50 lambs having the highest values. A linear decrease in dry matter digestibility (P = 0.02), organic matter (P = 0.02) and acid detergent fibre (P = 0.002) was observed for lambs receiving sorghum diets compared with the control. A significant linear (P = 0.023) effect was observed for retained nitrogen (g/day), with lambs fed S25 and S50 having higher values than those in other treatments. All partially substituted diets (S25, S50 and S75) reduced CH4 per unit bodyweight gain in a linear trend (P = 0.03), by 35%, 29% and 33%, respectively, and tended to increase (linear effect, P = 0.09) the calculated amounts of absorbed microbial protein compared with the control diet.
Conclusions
Low tannin sorghum grains can replace maize grains by up to 75% to maximise ruminal microbial biomass production for optimal lamb growth performance and reduced CH4 emission.
Implications
Animal productivity can be enhanced while mitigating the environmental impact of livestock production through the partial substitution of maize by low tannin sorghum grains in ruminant diets.
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Effects of dietary replacement of urea with encapsulated nitrate and cashew nut shell liquid on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and carcass characteristics in growing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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De Araújo RA, Fernandes Da Silva L, Do Nascimento Junior OA, Silva Damasceno PJ, Costa PM, Da Silva ZF. Performance of lactating cows fed with cake of babassu: ingestive behavior, intake, digestibility, production and quality of milk. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1611334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paula Muniz Costa
- Department of Animal Science, University Federal of Maranhão, Chapadinha, Brazil
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Campos FC, Corrêa PS, Abdalla Filho AL, Issakowicz J, Monnerat RG, Mui TS, McManus CM, Abdalla AL, Louvandini H. Health and nutrition in sheep receiving Bacillus thuringiensis. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an16193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, ruminal parameters, enteric methane (CH4) emission and blood parameters were studied in sheep receiving spores of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in their diet. Twenty Santa Inês lambs (10 castrated males and 10 females) with 18.0 ± 3.50 kg initial bodyweight (BW) and 3 months of age were maintained in individual stalls in a completely randomised design. They were divided into two groups with five males and five females each (Bt 2036 group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10)). The animals of the Bt 2036 group received daily 2.5 × 106 spores of Bt 2036/kg BW and control animals received a placebo. The diet consisted of Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) hay ad libitum and 300 g/animal.day of concentrate mixture, which was adjusted according to growth requirements. During 53 days, animal performance was evaluated, with feed intake measured three times per week and lambs weighed fortnightly. Blood samples were taken every 15 days to evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters. Rumen fermentation was investigated in three stages (start, middle and end of the experimental period) using parameters such as pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, short chain fatty acids, and populations of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, anaerobic fungi, methanogenic archaea and protozoa. At the end of the performance experiment, 18 lambs (Bt 2036 (n = 9), control (n = 9)) were selected for a digestibility trial, and placed in metabolic cages to estimate apparent nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis. Ten male (Bt 2036 (n = 5), control (n = 5)) lambs were used to evaluate CH4 production using the hexafluoride tracer technique. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of Bt 2036 on any of the evaluated parameters. The daily addition of 2.5 × 106 spores/kg BW of Bt 2036 in the ruminant diet did not cause any negative effects on hematological traits or animal poisoning, nor did it interfere with fermentation by rumen microorganisms, apparent digestibility of nutrients or animal performance.
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Soltan Y, Natel A, Araujo R, Morsy A, Abdalla A. Progressive adaptation of sheep to a microencapsulated blend of essential oils: Ruminal fermentation, methane emission, nutrient digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abdalla Filho A, Corrêa P, Lemos L, Dineshkumar D, Issakowicz J, Ieda E, Lima P, Barreal M, McManus C, Mui T, Abdalla A, Louvandini H. Diets based on plants from Brazilian Caatinga altering ruminal parameters, microbial community and meat fatty acids of Santa Inês lambs. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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