1
|
Lu J, Liu G, Sun W, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wang J. Dietary α-Ketoglutarate Alleviates Escherichia coli LPS-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury by Modulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial System Pathway in Piglets. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00149-4. [PMID: 38453028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Ketoglutarate (AKG) plays a pivotal role in mitigating inflammation and enhancing intestinal health. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether AKG could protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury by alleviating disorders in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (MAM) membranes, dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a piglet model. METHODS Twenty-four piglets were subjected to a 2 × 2 factorial design with dietary factors (basal diet or 1% AKG diet) and LPS treatment (LPS or saline). After 21 d of consuming either the basal diet or AKG diet, piglets received injections of LPS or saline. The experiment was divided into 4 treatment groups [control (CON) group: basal diet + saline; LPS group: basal diet +LPS; AKG group: AKG diet + saline; and AKG_LPS group: AKG + LPS], each consisting of 6 piglets. RESULTS The results demonstrated that compared with the CON group, AKG enhanced jejunal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and the messenger RNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins. Moreover, it has shown a reduction in serum diamine oxidase activity and D-lactic acid content in piglets. In addition, fewer disorders in the ER-mitochondrial system were reflected by AKG, as evidenced by AKG regulating the expression of key molecules of mitochondrial dynamics (mitochondrial calcium uniporter, optic atrophy 1, fission 1, and dynamin-related protein 1), ER stress [activating transcription factor (ATF) 4, ATF 6, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78, and protein kinase R-like ER kinase], and MAM membranes [mitofusin (Mfn)-1, Mfn-2, GRP 75, and voltage-dependent anion channel-1]. CONCLUSIONS Dietary AKG can prevent mitochondrial dynamic dysfunction, ER stress, and MAM membrane disorder, ultimately alleviating LPS-induced intestinal damage in piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weixiao Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu G, Lu J, Sun W, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wang J. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid attenuates oxidative stress and modulates mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy of spleen in a piglet model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:80-86. [PMID: 38346662 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (2-ketoglutaric acid or 2-oxoglutaric acid, AKG), a crucial intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is pivotal in animal antioxidative process. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether AKG has the efficacy to mitigate spleen oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis piglets through the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. Utilizing a 2 × 2 factorial design, the study encompassed 24 piglets subjected to varying diets (basal or 1% AKG) and immune stimulations (saline or LPS) over 21 days. Subsequently, they were injected intraperitoneally with either LPS or saline solution. The results showed that LPS decreased antioxidant capacity, whereas AKG supplementation increased antioxidant activities compared to control group. LPS elevated mitochondrial fission factor, mitochondrial elongation factor 1, mitochondrial elongation factor 2, dynamin-related protein 1, voltage-dependent anion channel 1, and fission 1 mRNA abundance, but reduced mRNA abundance of mitofusin 1, mitofusin 2, and optic atrophy 1 compared to controls. LPS elevated mRNA abundance of autophagy related protein 5, autophagy related protein 7, P62, Beclin1, and interleukin-1β mRNA abundance compared to controls. However, AKG supplementation mitigated these effects induced by LPS. Additionally, AKG intake was associated with lower protein expressions of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, Parkin, and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 compared to LPS-challenged piglets. These results suggested that AKG could alleviate spleen oxidative stress caused by LPS by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiajia Lu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Weixiao Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong F, Sun YL, Qian YX, Chen Q, He JL, Wang JT, Han T, Zhang XM, Deng YT. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals the regulatory mechanism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in response to Nocardia seriolae infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109322. [PMID: 38128679 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Nocardia seriolae is a severe bacterial pathogen that has seriously affected the development of aquaculture industry. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a commercially significant freshwater fish that suffers a variety of environmental threats, including bacterial pathogens. However, the immune responses and metabolic alterations of largemouth bass to N. seriolae infection remain largely unclear. We discovered that N. seriolae caused pathological alterations in largemouth bass and shifted the transcript of immune-related and apoptotic genes in head kidney after infection. To answer the aforementioned question, a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis was employed to explore the alterations in genes, metabolites, and metabolic pathways in largemouth bass following bacterial infection. A total of 3579 genes and 1929 metabolites are significant differentially changed in the head kidney post infection. In response to N. seriolae infection, host modifies the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TCA cycle, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolism. The integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome suggested that with the arginine metabolism pathway as the core, multiple biomarkers (arg gene, arginine) are involved in the antibacterial and immune functions of largemouth bass. Thus, we hypothesized that arginine plays a crucial role in the immune responses of largemouth bass against N. seriolae infection, and increasing arginine levels suitably is beneficial for the host against bacterial infection. Our results shed light on the regulatory mechanism of largemouth bass resistance to N. seriolae infection and contributed to the development of more effective N. seriolae resistance strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Dong
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yu-Long Sun
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Qian
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jia-Le He
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Ji-Teng Wang
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
| | - Xiu-Mei Zhang
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yu-Ting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao F, Yan S, Tian M. Blueberry Polyphenol Extracts Enhance the Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity in Weaned Rats by Modulating the Nrf2-Keap1 Signal Pathway. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640737. [PMID: 33613328 PMCID: PMC7892900 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning causes the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species in the body, which could lead to oxidative stress. Polyphenols, for which blueberries are an important dietary source, are known for various health benefits including antioxidant properties. Here, we sought to elucidate the effects of blueberry polyphenol extracts (BPE) on intestinal antioxidant capacity and possible underlying mechanisms in weaned rats. Ninety-six rats were assigned to two groups and fed either a standard diet or a standard diet supplemented with BPE (200 mg/kg). The results showed that BPE supplementation increased (P < 0.05) catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and decreased (P < 0.05) interleukin-1 and interferon-γ contents in the jejunum and ileum. The abundances of mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal p70 S6 kinase and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 mRNA were elevated in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05) after BPE supplementation. Additionally, BPE supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) gene transcription and enhanced (P < 0.05) NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene transcription in the jejunum and ileum. According to our results, BPE-induced protective effects against oxidative stress appear through the promotion of the jejunal and ileal antioxidant defense system in weaned rats, which was associated with the Nrf2–Keap1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shen Yan
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengliang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei R, Song Q, Hu S, Xu H, Liu H, Kang B, Li L, Zeng X, Chen L, Han C. Overfeeding influence on antioxidant capacity of serum, liver, gut, and breast muscle in Gang Goose and Tianfu Meat Goose. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
6
|
Abilev SK, Sviridova DA, Grebenyuk AN, Igonina EV, Smirnova SV. Study of the Prooxidant and Antioxidant Activity of Anti-Radiation Agents with LUX-Biosensors. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235901912001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Wang Y, Chen J, Li S, Zhang X, Guo Z, Hu J, Shao X, Song N, Zhao Y, Li H, Yang G, Xu C, Wei C. Exogenous spermine attenuates rat diabetic cardiomyopathy via suppressing ROS-p53 mediated downregulation of calcium-sensitive receptor. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101514. [PMID: 32234613 PMCID: PMC7113441 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe complication of type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients, manifested as combined diastolic and systolic dysfunction. DCM is associated with impaired calcium homeostasis secondary to decreased calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) expression. Spermine, a direct agonist of CaSR, was found deficient in cardiomyocytes of T1D rats. However, the role of spermine in DCM was unclear. Here, we examined the cardioprotective effect of exogenous spermine on DCM in streptozotocin (STZ) induced-T1D rats and high-glucose (HG)-incubated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Exogenous spermine significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction in T1D rats, characterized by improved echocardiography, less fibrosis, reduced myocardial endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress, and increased expression of myocardial membrane CaSR. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, exogenous spermine attenuated myocardial injury induced by HG treatment, demonstrated by restored cellular glucose uptake capacity, reduced expression of apoptotic markers, lowered level of oxidative stress, ER stress and unfolded protein response, and upregulated cell membrane CaSR. Mechanistically, the cardioprotective effect of spermine appeared dependent upon effective elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and up-regulation of CaSR expression by suppressing the Nrf2-ROS-p53-MuRF1 axis. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous spermine protects against DCM in vivo and in vitro, partially via suppressing ROS and p53-mediated downregulation of cell membrane CaSR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Junting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zuoming Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoting Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ningyang Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu G, Mo W, Cao W, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Zhang R, Wang J. Digestive abilities, amino acid transporter expression, and metabolism in the intestines of piglets fed with spermine. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13167. [PMID: 32155674 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of spermine supplementation on the digestion, transport, and metabolism of nutrients in the jejuna of piglets. Of the 80 piglets examined, 40 received 0.4 mmol/kg body weight spermine, and the other half were randomly distributed such that the restricted nutrient intake supplemented with the saline solution for 7 hr and 3, 6, or 9 days in pairs. Spermine supplementation increased the lipase and trypsin activities (p < .05), and spermine increased the mRNA levels of maltase, sucrase, and aminopeptidase N (APN) but decreased the lactase gene expression (p < .05). Moreover, spermine increased the mRNA expression levels of amino acid transporters (p < .05). Spermine increased the jejunum glycerolphosphocholine, lipid, and taurine levels and decreased the choline and amino acids levels (p < .05). In summary, spermine can promote the digestion, transport, and metabolism of nutrients in piglets. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Meat, fish, dairy products, and fruits contain polyamines (i.e., spermine, spermidine, and putrescine). Spermine plays an important role in the cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and spermine supplementation can improve the growth of broilers, growth performance of early weaning piglets, and intestinal maturation. The results of this study suggest that spermine can improve the digestion, transport, and metabolism of nutrients in piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Mo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu G, Mo W, Cao W, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Wang J. Effects of spermine on ileal physical barrier, antioxidant capacity, metabolic profile and large intestinal bacteria in piglets. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26709-26716. [PMID: 35515753 PMCID: PMC9055407 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10406b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine. However, information is not available regarding the effects of spermine supplementation on gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and metabolic profile in piglets. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effect of spermine administration on these parameters. The experiment was conducted on twenty 12 day-old suckling piglets, which were allocated either to the group fed basal formula milk (control group) or to that fed a basal formula milk that contained spermine (0.4 mmol kg−1 BW per day) for 3 days. Caecal and colonic digesta and ileal tissues were collected at the end of the three-day feeding experiment. The results were as follows: (1) supplementation with spermine increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) capacity by 27.84% and glutathione content by 18.68% in the ileum (P < 0.05). (2) Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), catalase (CAT), GST, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1) mRNA levels in ileum were increased in the spermine-supplemented group in contrast to those in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The spermine-supplemented group increased zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (by 42.0%), ZO-2 (by 101.0%), occludin (by 84.0%), claudin 2 (by 98.0%), claudin 3 (by 121.0%), claudin 12 (by 47.0%), claudin 14 (by 68.0%) and claudin 16 (by 73.0%) mRNA levels in ileum relative to the control group (P < 0.05). (4) Supplementation with spermine increased ZO-2 and occludin mRNA levels in ileum by reducing myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) (by 23.0%) mRNA level. (5) Spermine supplementation increased choline, glycerolphosphocholine, creatine and serine levels, and decrease alanine, glutamate, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, lactate, tyrosine levels in ileum (P < 0.05). (6) The population of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria and total bacteria increased, but the number of Escherichia coli decreased in the caecal and colonic digesta after spermine supplementation (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary spermine supplementation promotes ileal health by enhancing antioxidant properties, improving ileal barrier function, modulating metabolic profiles, and maintaining large intestinal microbial homeostasis. Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Weiwei Mo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tao T, He T, Wang X, Liu X. Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Undergoing Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:985. [PMID: 31551786 PMCID: PMC6746894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the effective complementary and alternative therapies used to improve the prognosis of CHD patients. Xuefu Zhuyu (XFZY) decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medication for regulating Qi and promoting blood circulation, has a clinical benefit in CHD; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Recently, it was found that the metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were altered in CHD patients with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome. To understand the material foundation of Qi, it is of great significance to study the differential metabolites involved in Qi during treatment of CHD with Qi-regulating and blood-promoting herbs. In this study, we investigated the metabolic profiles of serum in CHD patients by nontargeted metabolomics analysis to detect differential metabolites between the XFZY decoction group and placebo group. Ten CHD patients were enrolled and treated with placebo granules or XFZY decoction granules in a random and double-blind manner. Serum samples of all patients were evaluated by untargeted high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. In total, 513 metabolites were detected in the serum of CHD patients, and six of these metabolites participating in seven metabolic pathways were significantly different between CHD patients treated with XFZY decoction and the placebo group. Among the six differential metabolites, FA (20:2)-H and tetracarboxylic acid (24:0), involved in fatty acid metabolism; cis-aconitic acid, which participates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle; 2-deoxy-D-glucose, involved in glucose metabolism; and N-acetylglycine, involved in amino acid metabolism, were decreased, whereas spermine, which participates in amino acid metabolism, was increased as compared with the placebo group. Our findings, combined with the perspective of biological functions, indicate that 2-deoxy-D-glucose and spermine might constitute the partial material foundation of Qi in CHD patients treated with XFZY decoction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Tao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoreng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mo W, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Tang J, Wu C, Cai J, Tian G, Wang J, Liu G. Roles of dietary supplementation with arginine or N-carbamylglutamate in modulating the inflammation, antioxidant property, and mRNA expression of antioxidant-relative signaling molecules in the spleen of rats under oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:322-328. [PMID: 30175262 PMCID: PMC6116323 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of arginine (Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on inflammation, antioxidant property, and antioxidant-related gene expression in rat spleen under oxidative stress. A total of 52 rats were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups with 13 replicates per group. Rats were fed a basal diet (BD) or BD supplemented with Arg or NCG for 30 days. On day 28, half of the BD-fed rats were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline (control group), and the other half with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat (DT; DT group). The other 2 diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT with either Arg (1%) (DT + Arg) or NCG (0.1%) (DT + NCG). Rat spleen samples were collected for analysis at 48 h after DT injection. Results showed that DT damaged the antioxidant defense in rats compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the DT group, the DT + Arg and DT + NCG groups manifested improved anti-hydroxyl radical, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities, increased glutathione content (P < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the DT group, the DT + Arg and DT + NCG groups enhanced mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione reductase (GR), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap-1), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (P < 0.05). Both NCG and Arg significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA level but suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression under oxidative stress (P < 0.05). In summary, NCG and Arg effectively alleviated oxidative stress, improved the antioxidant capacity and regulated the antioxidant-related signaling molecular expression in rat spleen. N-carbamylglutamate and Arg reduced the inflammation in the spleen by mediating the gene expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Mo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|