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Sezmis G, Kaya A, Kaya H, Macit M, Erten K, Palangi V, Lackner M. Comparison of Black Tea Waste and Legume Roughages: Methane Mitigation and Rumen Fermentation Parameters. Metabolites 2023; 13:731. [PMID: 37367889 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition, in vitro total gas and CH4 production and performance of cattle fed on factory black tea waste (Camellia sinensis) (BTW), alfalfa (Medicago Sativa), sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa) and white clover (Trifolium repens) was investigated. The gas production was quantified at the 24th hour of the incubation process. BTW was found to vary from roughages in chemical composition (p < 0.05). In addition, the roughages differed in terms of nutrient composition and gas production (p < 0.05). In legume roughages, acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) values ranged from 52.36-57.00 mmol/L, 13.46-17.20 mmol/L, 9.79-12.43 mmol/L, and 79.71-89.05 mmol/L, respectively. In comparison with black tea waste, legume roughages had higher values of AA, PA, BA, and TVFA. Black tea waste contained a higher acetic acid ratio than legume roughages when compared as a percentage. There was a similar ratio of propionic acid to the rate calculated for sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa) and clover (Trifolium repens), and a similar ratio of butyric acid to the ratio determined for alfalfa (Medicago Sativa). The current study shows that the 5.7-6.3% tannin content of black tea waste can be used in ruminant rations with high-quality roughages. Due to the fact that BTW reduces methane emissions from ruminants and eliminates energy waste from them, the environment can be improved. To obtain more reliable results, further animal feeding experiments on legume roughages and BTW are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkan Sezmis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yozgat Bozok University, 66200 Yozgat, Türkiye
| | - Adem Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Hatice Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Muhlis Macit
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Kadir Erten
- Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Türkiye
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Maximilian Lackner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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Wang CM, Yan T, Xie KL, Chang SH, Zhang C, Hou FJ. Determination of maintenance energy requirement and responses of dry ewes to dietary inclusion of lucerne versus concentrate meal. Animal 2021; 15:100200. [PMID: 34029796 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate value for metabolizable energy (ME) requirement for maintenance (MEm) is essential to enable sheep husbandry practice to reach its potential. The objectives of the study were to use calorimetry chamber data of dry ewes (Hu × thin-tail Han F1 crossbred) to develop updated MEm, examine effects of substituting concentrate feed with lucerne hay on energy partitioning, and explore the relationships between energy utilization and fasting heat production (FHP). Data were collected from three experiments. In Exps. 1, 2a and 2b, lucerne hay was used to replace concentrates in three levels (0:40%, 15:25% and 30:10%), with diets containing 60% maize stover (Exp. 1), fresh rye forage (Exp. 2a) or dry rye forage (Exp. 2b). Within each experiment, diets were isoenergetic (digestible energy, DE) and isonitrogenous. Exp. 3 aimed at evaluating effects of three BW levels on nutrient utilization of dry ewes offered diets containing 60% maize stover, 15% lucerne hay and 25% concentrates. Energy metabolism data were measured using the respiration calorimeter chamber technique in all three experiments, followed by the measurement of FHP in Exps. 1, 2b and 3. The MEm derived from the linear regression between energy balance (EB) and ME intake was 0.440 MJ/kg BW0.75. The average FHP was 0.326 MJ/kg BW0.75. The fasting metabolism, net energy requirement for maintenance (NEm) and MEm were estimated to be 0.336, 0.359 and 0.511 MJ/kg BW0.75, respectively, through adjustment of FHP using fasting urinary energy output, activity allowance and efficiency of ME use for maintenance. The FHP was negatively correlated to EB/metabolic BW, ME/gross energy (GE), ME/DE, EB/GE intake and EB/ME intake, while positively correlated to HP/GE intake, HP/ME intake and CH4-E/GE intake. Compared to zero lucerne hay diet, the 15% lucerne hay intake decreased HP (MJ/d), and had no negative effects on EB (MJ/d) or energy utilization efficiencies. The results indicate that nutrient requirement standards currently used across the world are likely to underestimate MEm for dry ewes, and the selection of low FHP ewes for breeding has the potential to improve sheep production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
| | - T Yan
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co Down BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
| | - K L Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
| | - S H Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
| | - C Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
| | - F J Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China.
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Pan Y, Wang Y, Lou S, Wanapat M, Wang Z, Zhu W, Hou F. Selenium supplementation improves nutrient intake and digestibility, and mitigates CH 4 emissions from sheep grazed on the mixed pasture of alfalfa and tall fescue. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:611-620. [PMID: 33452731 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low selenium (Se) in soil and forage can adversely affect on the quality of animal-derived foods, and hence on human health. Lambs grazed on mixed pastures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) were supplemented with five levels of Se [0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 µg/kg body weight (BW)]. The intake of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) varied with the level of Se supplementation, with a peak at 6 µg Se per kg BW (p ≤ 0.05). Gross energy (GE) intake, digestive energy (DE) intake and metabolic energy (ME) intake were higher at 6 µg Se per kg BW than at other Se levels (p < 0.01); in addition, methane energy (CH4 -E) output was lower at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Supplementation with Se significantly increased nitrogen (N) intake, faecal N and urine N, for which the peak values were 20.2 g N/, 5.62 g N/day and 7.92 g N/day, respectively, at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Se intake, blood Se, faecal Se, urine Se and retained Se were negatively correlated with forage crude protein (CP) content (p < 0.001) but were positively correlated with the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (p < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (p < 0.001). Thus, we recommend the addition of 6 µg Se per kg BW to sheep grazed on pastures in regions with low soil Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shanning Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Du W, Hou F, Tsunekawa A, Kobayashi N, Peng F, Ichinohe T. Effects of oat hay and leguminous forage mixture feeding on enteric methane emission, energy utilization, and feed conversion efficiency in male crossbred Simmental beef cattle. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13472. [PMID: 33078546 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary manipulation has the potential to mitigate methane (CH4 ) emission and to maintain or enhance livestock productivity. We conducted two experiments to investigate the effects of replacing oat hay by leguminous forages (alfalfa hay [AH], 0, 8, 16, and 24%, experiment 1; common vetch hay [CVH], 0, 10, 20, and 30%, experiment 2) on energy metabolism of crossbred Simmental cattle. In experiment 1, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations increased quadratically with increasing AH proportions (p = .006) with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of approximately 50:50, whereas the CH4 energy to gross energy intake ratio (CH4 -E:GEI) was significantly lower with 16% AH compared with 24% AH diet (p < .05). In experiment 2, there were no differences in the total VFA concentrations among the four diet groups with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of around 60:40 (p > .05); however, CH4 -E:GEI was significantly lower in the 30% CVH diet compared with the 10% CVH diet (p < .05). There was no significant difference in feed conversion efficiency among the four diet groups in each experiment. The results suggest that substituting 16 and 30% oat hay by AH and CVH provide optimal diets with forage-to-concentrate ratios of 50:50 and 60:40, respectively, which may reduce CH4 emission without compromising the feed conversion efficiency of crossbred Simmental cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchen Du
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | | | | - Fei Peng
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Ichinohe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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Wang C, Zhang C, Yan T, Chang S, Zhu W, Wanapat M, Hou F. Increasing roughage quality by using alfalfa hay as a substitute for concentrate mitigates CH 4 emissions and urinary N and ammonia excretion from dry ewes. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:22-31. [PMID: 31596014 PMCID: PMC7003749 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Twelve Hu sheep × thin-tail Han crossbred dry ewes with an average body weight of 32.6 ± 0.68 kg and an age of 3 years were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design, with each experimental period of 24 d to evaluate the effect of substituting alfalfa hay in a portion of concentrate on nutrient intake, digestibility, N utilisation efficiency and methane emissions. The ratios of corn straw to alfalfa to concentrate for 3 diet treatments were 60:0:40, 60:15:25 and 60:30:10, respectively. Intake and digestibility were measured for each of the ewes, which were housed in individual metabolism crates for 6 d after an adaptation period of 14 d, and the feed was offered at 1.2 MEm to ensure approximately 10% orts. Methane emissions were determined in a respiration chamber for 2 consecutive d. An increase in the levels of alfalfa as a substitute for concentrate significantly increased the roughage, NSC and ADF intake and faecal N output as a proportion of N intake and manure N output. Furthermore, this increase in alfalfa input levels decreased DE, ME and N intake; nutrient digestibility; DE/GE, ME/GE and CH4 emissions per day; CH4 output expressed as a portion of the DM, OM and GE intake; and urinary N and ammonia N output, especially between extreme treatments. Alfalfa input levels had no effect on the BW, DM and GE intake; the EB or EB/GE intake; and the retained N. This study indicated that increasing alfalfa input as a substitute for concentrate could significantly decrease the digestibility, CH4 emissions and urinary N and NH4 + -N outputs; and shift the N excretion from urine to faeces; and could sustain a similar DM intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Agri‐Food and Biosciences InstituteHillsboroughUK
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Wanhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Faculty of AgricultureDepartment of Animal ScienceTropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC)Khon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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