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Buell S, Pounds G, Langdon P, Bunning K. Easy read health information for people with intellectual disabilities: A linguistic discourse analysis. What happens to language when it is simplified? JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13293. [PMID: 39205334 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Easy Read health documents prepared for people with intellectual disabilities are often generated from Standard Texts. Language in Easy Read versions is typically assumed to be simpler. However, simplification of language may have unintended consequences. This study aimed to explore the differences in language used between Easy Read health material and the Standard Text versions of the same material produced for the general population. METHODS Five Easy Read/Standard Text pairs were sampled and analysed using Systemic Functional Linguistics. This addressed: how people with intellectual disabilities and others were represented by language, the author stance in relation to the reader and the overall organisation of the text. RESULTS The Easy Read versions often used language that was less empowering and inclusive. CONCLUSION Increased awareness of author power and better knowledge of the impact of language choice could help to redress these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Buell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gabrina Pounds
- School of Politics, Philosophy, Language and Communication Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Peter Langdon
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (CIDD) and Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Brooklands Hospital, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karen Bunning
- Reader, School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norfolk and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Burch L. Working "With" Not "On" Disabled People: The Role of Hate Crime Research within the Community. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:3932-3953. [PMID: 39119647 PMCID: PMC11318224 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241260005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
For many disabled people, violence can become an unwanted, yet ordinary part of everyday life. Often, these crimes are attributed to understandings of disabled people as vulnerable and largely, passive victims. Attending to the aims of this special issue, this paper aims to dismantle these stereotypes and attend to the unique ways that disabled people can resist and respond to hate crime through creative and collaborative research practices. Building upon this, I argue that there is a pressing need for hate studies researchers to work "with" and not "on" those who have experienced targeted violence. Working in this way builds upon long-standing efforts of disabled activists and disabilities studies researchers to challenge reductive research practices by working in more collective and inclusive ways. To demonstrate this, I reflect upon a project working in partnership with disabled people to create a disability hate crime toolkit. The toolkit, now published, shares accessible and informative resources that can be used to raise awareness about disability hate crime. While the focus of this paper is disability, I consider methods of collaboration, co-production and participation that can be drawn upon by researchers to respond to hate crime and interpersonal violence more broadly.
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Hong S, Lee Y, Park W. Evaluating the delivery of physical activity for people with developmental disabilities using an online knowledge translation approach: part 2 - content quality. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38778663 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2024.2351497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Web-based platforms for delivering physical activity (PA) to people with developmental disabilities have a great potential to improve the lives of many. However, their design, including the content design, lacks sufficient investigation. This study aims to evaluate three online platforms for delivering PA to people with developmental disabilities in terms of content quality and identify relevant barriers and facilitators of PA delivery. METHODS The study used a methodological triangulation approach which involved quantitative evaluations by experts using an evaluation rubric, on-site observations and in-depth interviews with recruited participants. The participants consisted of 15 pairs of individuals, each consisting of a person with developmental disabilities and their primary caregiver. They were instructed to watch and follow five PA video content from each of the three platforms. The on-site observations and interviews were conducted in a large computer-equipped meeting room setting. RESULTS The quantitative and qualitative analysis identified a set of barriers and facilitators of PA delivery related to content quality. Key barriers identified include a lack of content diversity, insufficient understanding of developmental disabilities among content creators, inappropriate language usage, and resistance to engaging in physical activities in home settings. Significant facilitators were pinpointed, such as incorporating engaging elements for individuals with developmental disabilities, utilising easy-read language, and ensuring sufficient repetition for effective learning. The results from the triangulation showed that the multiple methods were complementary and converged on the same outcome. DISCUSSION The study findings could contribute to the development of adequately adapted PA content to distribute knowledge to populations with developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Hong
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Park
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ding J, Keagan-Bull R, Tuffrey-Wijne I. It is up to healthcare professionals to talk to us in a way that we can understand: informed consent processes in people with an intellectual disability. BMJ Qual Saf 2024; 33:277-279. [PMID: 38290810 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2023-016830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Ding
- Kingston University, London, UK
- King's College London, London, UK
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Diaz MA, Angus FC, Bickenbach JE. Perceived barriers and facilitators to good end of life care: Focusing on people with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13186. [PMID: 38097500 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disabilities are often left out of research on important topics. This exploratory study investigated their views on barriers and facilitators to accessing care at end of life, both at home and in a hospice setting. METHOD This qualitative study used reflexive thematic analysis. Two focus groups were held via Zoom with a total of four participants. RESULTS Three themes were produced: Unsettling Transitions, Maintaining Familiarity, and Respecting People's Wishes. Keeping things as unchanged as possible at end of life was highlighted as an ideal. Respecting people's wishes and education were highlighted as facilitators to good end of life care. CONCLUSIONS The themes identified in this study highlight the fears and wishes of this population with regards to receiving quality end of life care. Training for staff and families, as well as advanced care planning, could focus on enhancing facilitators and decreasing barriers for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerome E Bickenbach
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Wythe H, Attavar R, Jones J, Kelly J, Palmer C, Jenkins L, Dekker R, Fearns D, Watkins S, Hunt A, Pattison N. Evaluating the usefulness of a wordless picture book for adults with intellectual disabilities about the COVID-19 vaccination programme using co-production: The CAREVIS study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13203. [PMID: 38369311 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the usefulness of a co-designed wordless book showing processes of receiving COVID-19 vaccines designed by, and for, adults with intellectual disabilities. METHODS A qualitative evaluation of the resource using mixed methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people with intellectual disabilities, carers and health professionals about resource content, and use. This was analysed thematically. A survey was circulated to intellectual disabilities networks to understand resource need, use, sharing and content. RESULTS Understanding the COVID-19 vaccine was a process, not a single event using one resource. A visual resource had a place in facilitating conversations about vaccines between people with intellectual disabilities and carers. Differing perspectives were expressed regarding personal needs, existing awareness of vaccine programmes and communication preferences. Changes were suggested to improve the suggested storyline and relevance around COVID-19 restrictions changing. CONCLUSION A visual resource may help conversations about the COVID-19 vaccine for people with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Wythe
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Raj Attavar
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Julia Jones
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jackie Kelly
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | | | | | - Debra Fearns
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Scott Watkins
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Anne Hunt
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Natalie Pattison
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
- East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
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Diaz MA, Bickenbach JE, Sabariego C, Bernard RM. Qualitative methodological approaches involving participants with intellectual disabilities: Scoping review of literature exploring death and dying. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13119. [PMID: 37315942 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A paucity of qualitative research on sensitive topics that focuses on participants with intellectual disabilities leaves their views unexplored. This scoping review mainly aimed to provide an overview of qualitative data collection methods used in research involving participants with intellectual disabilities to explore death and dying. METHOD A scoping review of primary research and methodological papers published between January 2008 and March 2022 was conducted. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was followed. RESULTS We identified 25 articles utilising four data collection methods: interviews, focus groups, the Nominal Group Technique, and participant observation. Data collection trends were identified, including accommodations for participants with intellectual disabilities, visual media used as a facilitator, and reporting of distress protocols. Most participants had mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. CONCLUSIONS The included studies demonstrate a flexible approach that relies on the use of multiple methods. Future research must adequately report study characteristics to ensure transparency and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Sabariego
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Center for Rehabilitation in Global Health Systems, WHO Collaborating Center, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Weise J, Cvejic R, Trollor J. Strategies for Accessible Breast Screening for People With Intellectual Disability. J Prim Care Community Health 2024; 15:21501319241251938. [PMID: 38708679 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241251938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with intellectual disability are less likely to participate in breast screening than people without intellectual disability. They experience a range of barriers to accessing breast screening, however, there is no consensus on strategies to overcome these barriers. Our objective was to reach consensus on the strategies required for accessible breast screening for people with intellectual disability. METHODS Fourteen experts participated in a modified on-line Delphi that used Levesque's model of health care access as the theoretical framework. At the end of each round descriptive and thematic analyses were completed. Data was then triangulated to determine if consensus was reached. RESULTS After 3 rounds, 9 strategies were modified, 24 strategies were added and consensus was reached for 52 strategies across the 5 dimensions of access. Key areas of action related to (i) decision making and consent, (ii) accessible information, (iii) engagement of peer mentors, (iv) service navigators, and (v) equipping key stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS The resulting strategies are the first to articulate how to make breast screening accessible and can be used to inform health policy and quality improvement practices.
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Vanhatalo U, Lindholm C. Simplifying phrases in depression screens: Interpreters' views on usefulness in six languages. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292365. [PMID: 38064472 PMCID: PMC10707561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessments and treatments of mental health conditions such as depression use language that may be difficult to understand or translate. Here, we studied how interpreters assessed the usefulness of simplifying the language of a depression screen. Two alternative versions of the PRIME-MD PHQ depression screen were generated, with increasing linguistic simplicity. All the versions (standard, moderately simplified and most simplified) were translated from Finnish into Arabic, English, Farsi, Russian, and Swedish. Ten professional interpreters then assessed the different usefulness aspects of the three versions. The interpreters' perceptions of usefulness of the different language versions for clients varied, and both simplified versions of the depression screen were commonly considered useful for interpreting contexts. The usefulness of the simplified language versions was seen as especially important for clients with multiple linguistic challenges, caused by, for example, dementia and immigration backgrounds. The language of depression screens can be greatly simplified. Simplified versions may significantly improve the accessibility of questionnaires for the wide range of individuals with compromised language competence. Simplified versions may also be helpful for inter-language interpreting in health care, and importantly, they may facilitate the transparency and cross-cultural calibration needed in evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Vanhatalo
- Department of Languages, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Lindholm
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Communication Studies, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Newman B, Fisher KR, Trollor J. How do Australian mental health services use easy read to make information accessible for people with intellectual disability? JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:1354-1362. [PMID: 37688365 PMCID: PMC10946455 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Access to health information is a right for all people. Easy read information is one strategy used to make information accessible for people with intellectual disability. This research explored how easy read is used and the ways accessible information can address access barriers, with a focus on Australian mental health services. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted across four sites to explore how easy read was used. Participants (n = 49) were easy read users, health practitioners and staff from services providing mental health care in New South Wales, Australia. An integrated health literacy framework was used to analyse data. RESULTS Most mental health staff did not use easy read or other accessible information, and did not consistently offer people with intellectual disability opportunities to understand, appraise and apply health information. This investigation confirmed the limited availability of accessible information resources, including easy read, and the importance of relationships of support when accessing health information. CONCLUSION People with intellectual disability did not routinely have access to mental health information. Substantial change is required to address this disparity. IMPLICATIONS Agency policy and processes require change to support staff practices that uphold the right to information. Inclusive practices that incorporate using easy read in health contexts, including mental health, are needed to facilitate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn Newman
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research (CHSSR) Australian Institute of Health InnovationMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Karen R. Fisher
- Social Policy Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Julian Trollor
- Department of Disability and NeuropsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Frizelle P, O’Donovan S, Jolley M, Martin L, Hart N. The co-construction of a reading assessment measure with adults with Down syndrome: a meaningful literacy approach. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1173300. [PMID: 37546441 PMCID: PMC10399224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1173300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The need to develop appropriate measures of broad-based reading-related literacy skills for adults with Down syndrome has been highlighted in the literature. In this study we aimed to co-construct a valid and reliable assessment measure that can be used to document meaningful everyday reading, in adolescents and adults with Down syndrome. Methods The study was carried out in two stages. Stage 1 used an inclusive participatory design in which individuals with Down syndrome were research collaborators (n = 46). Items to be included in the measure were identified and ecological, face and content validity were established through an iterative process. In stage 2 we examined the reliability of the tool and explored potential relationships between meaningful reading score and (1) age, (2) receptive vocabulary, and (3) reading ability as measured by standardized assessments. In addition, we profiled what a pilot cohort of adults with Down syndrome read (n = 33) and how they experience reading in their everyday lives. Results Results showed that 46 items were generated for inclusion in the Meaningful Reading Measure (MRM). Our preliminary data showed that the tool has internal and external reliability and ecological and content validity. There were no associations between meaningful reading score and any of the other variables examined. There was considerable variability in items read (range 12-44) which reflected a broad range of reading practices. Adults with Down syndrome identified the importance of reading as a pleasurable activity and as something that aids learning. Conclusion The MRM developed here can be used (1) as a reading intervention outcome measure to complement existing standardized tools, (2) to profile meaningful reading in adults with Down syndrome, (3) to guide reading module content, and (4) to capture change in adults' perceptions of themselves as readers. Future work is needed to establish the tool's sensitivity to change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Frizelle
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sean O’Donovan
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Jolley
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Berger I, Bruineberg A, van Ewijk M, de Jong L, van der Hout M, van Weeghel J, van der Meer L. Developing a recovery-oriented intervention for people with severe mental illness and an intellectual disability: design-oriented action research. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1184798. [PMID: 37539326 PMCID: PMC10395094 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1184798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning (MID/BIF) are common in people with severe mental health problems (SMHP). Despite this, there is a lack of treatments adapted for this group of clients. Methods This qualitative study describes the development of a new intervention, guided by the principles of action research, for people with SMHP and MID/BIF and mental health professionals to help them talk about all aspects of the process of recovery. The intervention was developed in four cycles and in close cooperation with mental health professionals, experts by experience, other experts in the field of SMHP or MID/BIF, and clients. During all cycles there was a strong focus on the content of the intervention, exercises, understandable language, and drawings for visual support. Results This resulted in the intervention "Routes to Recovery," which covers both complaints and strengths, coping strategies, helpful (social) activities, and how to determine future steps in a recovery plan. Discussion Routes to Recovery is a first step in helping professionals and their clients with SMHP and MID/BIF to have a conversation about personal strengths and what the client needs to recover. Future research should investigate the effects of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Berger
- Department for Outpatients Severe Mental Health Services, Antes Parnassia Group, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Bruineberg
- Department for Outpatients Severe Mental Health Services, Antes Parnassia Group, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margot van Ewijk
- Department for Outpatients Severe Mental Health Services, Antes Parnassia Group, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Levi de Jong
- Creative Media and Game Technology at Hogeschool Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel van der Hout
- Department for Outpatients Severe Mental Health Services, Antes Parnassia Group, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap van Weeghel
- Department of TRANZO, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- Phrenos Center of Expertise on Severe Mental Illness, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lisette van der Meer
- Department of Rehabilitation, Lentis Center for Mental Health Care, Zuidlaren, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Tahir M, Cobigo V. Accessibility of child protection investigations during pandemic: A qualitative analysis of court proceedings. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:343-353. [PMID: 36530018 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qualitative research using published court records to examine contextual factors that contribute to child protection decisions in cases involving parents with intellectual disabilities is limited, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD The present study conducted qualitative content analysis on 10 published Ontario court cases to study child protection decision-making between 2019 and 2021. RESULTS The findings corroborated previous literature with nine out of 10 cases resulting in loss of child custody. Four major themes emerged from content analysis: (1) Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cases; (2) Systemic barriers to accessibility; (3) Attitudes and bias toward parents with intellectual disabilities; and (4) Ultimate reliance on intellectual disability status for final custody decision. CONCLUSIONS Conducting content analysis on published court cases is useful in learning about accessibility barriers for parents with intellectual disabilities and may help in understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the child protection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Tahir
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Virginie Cobigo
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Dessemontet RS, Linder AL, Martinet C, Martini-Willemin BM. A descriptive study on reading instruction provided to students with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2022; 26:575-593. [PMID: 34132127 PMCID: PMC9442278 DOI: 10.1177/17446295211016170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the content and quality of reading instruction provided to students with intellectual disability. This study aimed to describe the reading instruction provided to students with intellectual disability who were not yet readers in self-contained elementary classrooms. The teachers of 24 classrooms participated in the study. Systematic observations of reading lessons, follow-up interviews with the teachers, review of teaching material, and content analysis of students' individualized education plans were conducted. Findings indicate that phonics and phonological awareness were taught in most of the classrooms. However, phonics was taught systematically, as recommended in the research, in only less than half of the classes. Sight-word instruction and vocabulary instruction were observed in more than half of the classes. Comprehension instruction of texts read aloud by the teacher was observed in only about a third of the classrooms. Recommendations to support teachers in enhancing the quality of reading instruction are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sermier Dessemontet
- Rachel Sermier Dessemontet, Special Needs
Education Unit, University of Teacher Education from State of Vaud, Av. de Cour
33, Lausanne 1014, Switzerland.
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Gulati G, Cusack A, Lynch B, Murphy V, Carey M, Bogue J, O'Connor AB, Foley V, Dee C, Dunne BE, Sutton PL, Kelly BD, Fistein E, Kilcommins S, Dunne CP. The collaborative development through multidisciplinary and advocate consensus of an accessible notice of rights for people with intellectual disabilities in police custody. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2022; 83:101815. [PMID: 35753095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2022.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background People with intellectual disabilities are over-represented in the criminal justice system. The United Nations' Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) enshrines a right to equal access to justice for persons with disabilities (Article 13, UNCRPD). Accessible information is a key aspect of exercising this right. Yet, many jurisdictions, including Ireland, are yet to develop accessible information for disabled people who may be arrested. Aims This paper describes the collaborative development through multidisciplinary and advocate consensus of an accessible (Easy -to- Read) Notice of Rights (ERNR) for people with intellectual disabilities in police custody in Ireland. Methods Guidelines developed by Ireland's representative organisation for people with intellectual disabilities and examples of international practice were used to develop a draft ERNR by the primary researcher in partnership with an expert from a representative organisation for people with intellectual disabilities. The ERNR was developed thereafter through two focus groups with a view to achieving consensus with a focus on accessibility, accuracy and layout. This included a multidisciplinary focus group with participants from a representative organisation for people with intellectual disabilities, psychology, speech and language therapy, the police force, public health, forensic psychiatry, mental health, law and, subsequently, a focus group of people with lived experience of intellectual disability. Results Progressive development of the ERNR resulted in incremental improvements in textual accuracy as well as the inclusion of more accessible language and imagery. Originality/value This is the first attempt at developing an easy-to-read document relating to the legal rights of suspects in police custody in Ireland and, accordingly, this procedural innovation promises to assist, not just persons with intellectual disabilities, but also those with limited literacy at the point of arrest. The methodology used in the preparation of the document, employing a focus group to achieve consensus with participation from both multiple disciplines and persons with an intellectual disability, is in harmony with the ethos of the UNCPRD. This methodology may usefully be employed by other member states that have ratified the Convention but have yet to develop accessible version of the legal rights and entitlements that extend to arrested persons under their domestic law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Gulati
- School of Law, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Alan Cusack
- School of Law, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Valerie Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Carey
- Department of Intellectual Disability Nursing, St Joseph's Foundation, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Bogue
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne B O'Connor
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vivienne Foley
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Health Service Executive, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Fistein
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Colum P Dunne
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Fortune N, Madden RH, Clifton S. Health and Access to Health Services for People with Disability in Australia: Data and Data Gaps. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11705. [PMID: 34770219 PMCID: PMC8583158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The right of people with disability to enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health without discrimination on the basis of disability is enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Among its obligations as a signatory to the CRPD, Australia is required to collect appropriate information, including statistical and research data, to inform development and implementation of policies to give effect to the Convention. In this commentary, we first describe how the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) conceptual model of disability can be operationalised in statistical data collections, with a focus on how this is achieved in key Australian data sources such that people with disability can be identified as a population group. We then review existing statistical data on health and health service use for people with disability in Australia, highlighting data gaps and limitations. Finally, we outline priorities and considerations for improving data on health and access to health services for people with disability. As well as conceptual, practical, and ethical considerations, a key principle that must guide future disability data development is that people with disability and their representative organisations must be involved and participate fully in the development of disability data and statistics, and in their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Fortune
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Ave., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (R.H.M.); (S.C.)
- Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Str., Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Rosamond H. Madden
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Ave., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (R.H.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Shane Clifton
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Ave., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (R.H.M.); (S.C.)
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de Witte M, Kooijmans R, Hermanns M, van Hooren S, Biesmans K, Hermsen M, Stams GJ, Moonen X. Self-Report Stress Measures to Assess Stress in Adults With Mild Intellectual Disabilities-A Scoping Review. Front Psychol 2021; 12:742566. [PMID: 34759870 PMCID: PMC8573329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress has a major negative impact on the development of psychopathology and contributes to the onset of adverse physical conditions. Timely recognition and monitoring of stress-related problems are therefore important, especially in client populations that are more vulnerable to stress, such as people with mild intellectual disabilities (MID). Recent research on the use of physiological measures to assess stress levels emphasize that, in addition to these measures, self-report instruments are necessary to gain insight into the individual perception and impact of stress on daily life. However, there is no current overview of self-report stress measures that focus on the experience of stress in the present moment or in daily life. To provide an overview of the existing self-report stress measures for clinicians and researchers, a scoping review was conducted. In addition, to advise clinical professionals on the use of self-report measures of stress for people with MID, the results of an expert consultation were used to refine the preliminary findings. A systematic scoping literature search resulted in a total of 13 self-reported stress measures that met the final inclusion criteria, of which three were developed specifically for assessing stress in adults with MID (GAS-ID, LI, and SAS-ID). For each included self-report stress measure, the psychometric quality, assessment procedure, and suitability for adults with MID were reported. These were supplemented by the findings from the expert consultation. Implications for clinical practice on the use of self-report stress measures, particularly for people with MID, are discussed. Recommendations for future research and development are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina de Witte
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Health and Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- KenVaK, Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Stevig, Expert Centre for People With Mild Intellectual Disabilities, Gennep, Netherlands
| | - Roel Kooijmans
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Koraal Center of Expertise, Sittard, Netherlands
| | - Maria Hermanns
- Faculty of Health and Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Susan van Hooren
- KenVaK, Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Kim Biesmans
- Stevig, Expert Centre for People With Mild Intellectual Disabilities, Gennep, Netherlands
| | - Maaike Hermsen
- Faculty of Health and Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Stams
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xavier Moonen
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Koraal Center of Expertise, Sittard, Netherlands
- Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Buell S, Langdon PE, Pounds G, Bunning K. An open randomized controlled trial of the effects of linguistic simplification and mediation on the comprehension of "easy read" text by people with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2019; 33:219-231. [PMID: 31652030 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This trial aimed to measure the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on users' comprehension of health information provided in adapted written "easy read" material. METHOD Sixty adults with intellectual disabilities undertook The Easy Read Task, randomly allocated with stratification by reading ability to one of four conditions (with and without simplified language/with and without mediation). RESULTS Neither linguistic complexity of the text nor mediation independently or combined made a significant difference to the understanding of information. Post hoc testing revealed that the group who received simplified language with mediation performed significantly better than the group that had complex text with mediation. None of the other differences between the remaining groups were significant. CONCLUSIONS Constructing meaning needs to extend beyond a consideration of form as found in "easy read" documents to recognize the role of individual capacity for language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter E Langdon
- Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Chinn D. An empirical examination of the use of Easy Read health information in health consultations involving patients with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2019; 33:232-247. [PMID: 31475419 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Easy Read health information (ERHI) has the potential to promote engagement in health care for people with intellectual disabilities. This study examined how ERHI was actually employed by clinicians and received by patients. METHOD Video recordings were made of 32 patients with intellectual disabilities attending a health check with primary care clinicians who had been given access to a range of ERHI, and 9 attending a health appointment with a specialist intellectual disability nurse. The recordings were analysed using conversation analysis. RESULTS Easy Read health information was visible in only 7 (22%) of the primary care health checks (though not always shared with the patients). Easy Read health information was used in sequences where clinicians offered unsolicited health advice and met with degrees of resistance from patients, though its potential for shared decision making was also evident. CONCLUSIONS Easy Read health information can aid patient understanding and decision making, but attention should be paid to the interactional practices accompanying their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chinn
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
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León JA, Martínez-Huertas JA, Jastrzebska O. Un Estudio sobre la Competencia Lectora en Adultos con Discapacidad Intelectual y del Desarrollo ante Textos con Contenidos de Clínica y Salud. CLÍNICA Y SALUD 2018. [DOI: 10.5093/clysa2018a17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kocman A, Weber G. Assessment of job satisfaction in people with intellectual disabilities: Towards best-practice recommendations. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2017; 31:804-819. [PMID: 29282814 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current body of research on job satisfaction of people with intellectual disability is based on highly diverse measures, originating both from the general population and people with intellectual disability. This heterogeneity represents a possible confounder. Best-practice approaches for the assessment of job satisfaction are hence needed. METHOD Using systematic literature review, job satisfaction measures were identified and analyzed with regard to their applicability for people with intellectual disability. Identified best-practice measures (JDI/JIGS as well as RSM-WS) were subsequently applied in the course of a pilot study with 129 employees of sheltered workshops. Comprehension, reliability and validity were assessed. RESULTS The three identified instruments exhibit high reliability and validity. Comprehension was sufficient for JDI and JIGS but better for RSM-WS. CONCLUSIONS The JDI/JIGS represent a feasible measures of job satisfaction allowing for comparisons with the general population. In samples with more severe intellectual disabilities, the RSM-WS is preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kocman
- Department for Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement and Intervention, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Germain Weber
- Department for Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement and Intervention, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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