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Chen Y, Jiang Y, He Z, Gao J, Li R, Yu G. First report of PST-producing Microseira wollei from China reveals its novel toxin profile. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 137:102655. [PMID: 39003021 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Microseira wollei, a globally distributed freshwater bloom-forming benthic cyanobacterium, is known for its production of cyanotoxins and taste and odor (T&O). While CYN (Cylindrospermopsin)-producing populations of M. wollei are confined to Australia, PST (Paralytic shellfish toxins)-producing populations have been exclusively documented in North America. In this study, four benthic cyanobacterial strains, isolated from West Lake in China, were identified as M. wollei based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Detection of sxtA gene and UPLC-MS/MS analysis conclusively confirmed the PST-producing capability of M. wollei CHAB5998. In the phylogenetic tree of 16S rDNA, M. wollei strains formed a monophyletic group with two subclades. Notably, non-PST-producing Chinese strains clustered with Australian strains in Clade II, while all other strains, including PST-producing ones, clustered in Clade I. Additionally, CHAB5998 contains ten PST variants, of which STX, NEO, GTX2, GTX3, GTX5 and C1 were identified for the first time in M. wollei. Sequence analysis of PST biosynthetic gene cluster (sxt) genes indicated potential base variations, gene rearrangements, insertions, and deletions in the strain CHAB5998. Also, sxt gene has a longer evolutionary history in M. wollei than that in cyanobacteria from Nostocales. Multiple recombination breakpoints detected in sxt genes and the inconsistency in the topology of the phylogenetic trees between sxt and 16S rDNA suggested that multiple horizontal gene transfers (HGT) have occurred. Overall, the present study marks the first documented occurrence of PST-producing M. wollei outside of North America and identifies it as the first toxic freshwater benthic cyanobacterium in China. This revelation implies that benthic cyanobacteria may pose a higher environmental risk in China than previously acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhongshi He
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Jin Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Renhui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Gongliang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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2
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Lefler FW, Berthold DE, Laughinghouse HD. Cyanoseq: A database of cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences with curated taxonomy. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37026389 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria that occupy various habitats across the globe, playing critical roles in many of Earth's biogeochemical cycles both in both aquatic and terrestrial systems. Despite their well-known significance, their taxonomy remains problematic and is the subject of much research. Taxonomic issues of Cyanobacteria have consequently led to inaccurate curation within known reference databases, ultimately leading to problematic taxonomic assignment during diversity studies. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have increased our ability to characterize and understand microbial communities, leading to the generation of thousands of sequences that require taxonomic assignment. We herein propose CyanoSeq (https://zenodo.org/record/7569105), a database of cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences with curated taxonomy. The taxonomy of CyanoSeq is based on the current state of cyanobacterial taxonomy, with ranks from the domain to genus level. Files are provided for use with common naive Bayes taxonomic classifiers, such as those included in DADA2 or the QIIME2 platform. Additionally, FASTA files are provided for creation of de novo phylogenetic trees with (near) full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences to determine the phylogenetic relationship of cyanobacterial strains and/or ASV/OTUs. The database currently consists of 5410 cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences along with 123 Chloroplast, Bacterial, and Vampirovibrionia (formally Melainabacteria) sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest W Lefler
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida - IFAS, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - David E Berthold
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida - IFAS, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - H Dail Laughinghouse
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida - IFAS, Davie, Florida, USA
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3
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McGregor GB, Sendall BC, Niiyama Y, Tuji A, Willis A. Chrysosporum ovalisporum is synonymous with the true-branching cyanobacterium Umezakia natans (Nostocales/Aphanizomenonaceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:326-341. [PMID: 36680435 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
True branching is a facultative characteristic only known from two cyanobacteria in the Aphanizomenonaceae, Umezakia natans and Dolichospermum brachiatum. In both cases, its expression has been associated with environmental stress, and its practical use as a diacritical feature has been previously evaluated. In this study, we undertook further evaluation of the phylogeny of Umezakia natans and its relationship to Chrysosporum ovalisporum as a previous study suggested the two were potentially congeneric. We used combined morphological, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic approaches to determine their relatedness using new strains available from a broad geographic range. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that Australian C. ovalisporum and Japanese U. natans strains clustered together with accessions of C. ovalisporum originating from Australia, Israel, and Spain, with high p-distance similarity values (99.5%-99.9%). Additionally, differences between the two species in the 16S-23S ITS region was low (0%-2.5%). The average nucleotide identity of the U. natans and C. ovalisporum strains was also high (ANI of > 99.5 and AF > 0.9) and supported a genus-level separation from Chrysosporum bergii (83 ANI between clusters). Furthermore, in culture, strains of both species grown in vitamin-free media showed facultative true branching, a feature not previously known in C. ovalisporum. Collectively, the results support unification of C. ovalisporum and U. natans according to the principle of priority as Umezakia ovalisporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn B McGregor
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Barbara C Sendall
- Queensland Department of Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Australia
| | - Yuko Niiyama
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tuji
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Anusuya Willis
- Australian National Algae Culture Collection, National Collections and Marine Infrastructure, CSIRO, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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4
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Strunecký O, Ivanova AP, Mareš J. An updated classification of cyanobacterial orders and families based on phylogenomic and polyphasic analysis. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:12-51. [PMID: 36443823 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial taxonomy is facing a period of rapid changes thanks to the ease of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and established workflows for description of new taxa. Since the last comprehensive review of the cyanobacterial system in 2014 until 2021, at least 273 species in 140 genera were newly described. These taxa were mainly placed into previously defined orders and families although several new families were proposed. However, the classification of most taxa still relied on hierarchical relationships inherited from the classical morphological taxonomy. Similarly, the obviously polyphyletic orders such as Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales were left unchanged. In this study, the rising number of genomic sequences of cyanobacteria and well-described reference strains allowed us to reconstruct a robust phylogenomic tree for taxonomic purposes. A less robust but better sampled 16S rRNA gene phylogeny was mapped to the phylogenomic backbone. Based on both these phylogenies, a polyphasic classification throughout the whole phylum of Cyanobacteria was created, with ten new orders and fifteen new families. The proposed system of cyanobacterial orders and families relied on a phylogenomic tree but still employed phenotypic apomorphies where possible to make it useful for professionals in the field. It was, however, confirmed that morphological convergence of phylogenetically distant taxa was a frequent phenomenon in cyanobacteria. Moreover, the limited phylogenetic informativeness of the 16S rRNA gene, resulting in ambiguous phylogenies above the genus level, emphasized the integration of genomic data as a prerequisite for the conclusive taxonomic placement of a vast number of cyanobacterial genera in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otakar Strunecký
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, CENAKVA, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Pavlovna Ivanova
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, CENAKVA, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mareš
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 702/7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Youssef DTA, Mufti SJ, Badiab AA, Shaala LA. Anti-Infective Secondary Metabolites of the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya Morphotype between 1979 and 2022. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120768. [PMID: 36547915 PMCID: PMC9788623 DOI: 10.3390/md20120768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria ascribed to the genus Lyngbya (Family Oscillatoriaceae) represent a potential therapeutic gold mine of chemically and biologically diverse natural products that exhibit a wide array of biological properties. Phylogenetic analyses have established the Lyngbya 'morpho-type' as a highly polyphyletic group and have resulted in taxonomic revision and description of an additional six new cyanobacterial genera in the same family to date. Among the most prolific marine cyanobacterial producers of biologically active compounds are the species Moorena producens (previously L. majuscula, then Moorea producens), M. bouillonii (previously L. bouillonii), and L. confervoides. Over the years, compounding evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies in support of the significant pharmaceutical potential of 'Lyngbya'-derived natural products has made the Lyngbya morphotype a significant target for biomedical research and novel drug leads development. This comprehensive review covers compounds with reported anti-infective activities through 2022 from the Lyngbya morphotype, including new genera arising from recent phylogenetic re-classification. So far, 72 anti-infective secondary metabolites have been isolated from various Dapis, Lyngbya, Moorea, and Okeania species. These compounds showed significant antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, antiviral and molluscicidal effects. Herein, a comprehensive literature review covering the natural source, chemical structure, and biological/pharmacological properties will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa T. A. Youssef
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Natural Products Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-548535344
| | - Shatha J. Mufti
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Badiab
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamiaa A. Shaala
- Suez Canal University Hospital, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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6
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Skoupý S, Stanojković A, Pavlíková M, Poulíčková A, Dvořák P. New cyanobacterial genus Argonema is hidding in soil crusts around the world. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7203. [PMID: 35504986 PMCID: PMC9065122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are crucial primary producers in soil and soil crusts. However, their biodiversity in these habitats remains poorly understood, especially in the tropical and polar regions. We employed whole genome sequencing, morphology, and ecology to describe a novel cyanobacterial genus Argonema isolated from Antarctica. Extreme environments are renowned for their relatively high number of endemic species, but whether cyanobacteria are endemic or not is open to much current debate. To determine if a cyanobacterial lineage is endemic is a time consuming, elaborate, and expensive global sampling effort. Thus, we propose an approach that will help to overcome the limits of the sampling effort and better understand the global distribution of cyanobacterial clades. We employed a Sequencing Read Archive, which provides a rich source of data from thousands of environmental samples. We developed a framework for a characterization of the global distribution of any microbial species using Sequencing Read Archive. Using this approach, we found that Argonema is actually cosmopolitan in arid regions. It provides further evidence that endemic microbial taxa are likely to be much rarer than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svatopluk Skoupý
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksandar Stanojković
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Pavlíková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aloisie Poulíčková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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7
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Jasser I, Panou M, Khomutovska N, Sandzewicz M, Panteris E, Niyatbekov T, Łach Ł, Kwiatowski J, Kokociński M, Gkelis S. Cyanobacteria in hot pursuit: Characterization of cyanobacteria strains, including novel taxa, isolated from geothermal habitats from different ecoregions of the world. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 170:107454. [PMID: 35341965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Well-studied thermal spring microbial mat systems continue to serve as excellent models from which to make discoveries of general importance to microbial community ecology in order to address comprehensively the question of "who is there" in a microbial community. Cyanobacteria are highly adaptable and an integral part of many ecosystems including thermal springs. In this context, we sampled disparate thermal springs, spanning from Iceland and Poland to Greece and Tajikistan. Thirteen (13) strains were isolated and characterised with taxonomic indices and molecular markers (16S-23S rRNA region and cpcBA gene), whilst their thermotolerance was evaluated. Screening for the presence of genes encoding three heat shock proteins, as well as non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs) was performed. This approach resulted in the description of two new genera (Hillbrichtia and Amphirytos) and their type species (Hillbrichtia pamiria and Amphirytos necridicus) representing Oscillatoriales and Synechococcales orders, respectively. We also found unique lineages inside the genus Thermoleptolyngbya, describing a novel species (T. hindakiae). We described the presence of sub-cosmopolitan taxa (such as Calothrix, Desertifilum, and Trichormus). Strains were diverse concerning their thermophilic ability with the strains well adapted to high temperatures possessing all three investigated genes encoding heat shock proteins as well as studied PKS and NRPS genes. In this work, we show novel cyanobacteria diversity from thermal springs from disparate environments, possible correlation of thermotolerance and their genetic background, which may have implications on strategic focusing of screening programs on underexploited taxa in these habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Jasser
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Manthos Panou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nataliia Khomutovska
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sandzewicz
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Toirbek Niyatbekov
- Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics, Academy Science Republic of Tajikistan, 27 Karamov Str., Dushanbe 734017, Tajikistan
| | - Łukasz Łach
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Kwiatowski
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Kokociński
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Spyros Gkelis
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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8
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Cyanotoxins uptake and accumulation in crops: Phytotoxicity and implications on human health. Toxicon 2022; 211:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Lydon CA, Mejia-Fava J, Collado-Vides L, Eskelinen H, Berry JP. Identification of apparently neurotoxic metabolites from assemblages of marine filamentous cyanobacteria associated with the intoxication of captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Florida Keys. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132423. [PMID: 34600015 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intoxications of captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Florida Keys have been linked to observed interactions with marine macrophytic algal and cyanobacterial communities within enclosures. Taxonomic characterization of these communities coupled, in turn, to available observational data collected during intoxication events point to a contribution of filamentous cyanobacterial assemblages comprised of members of the polyphyletic genus, Lyngbya sensu lato. To identify toxic metabolites possibly relevant to these intoxications, chemical screening for known neurotoxins from cyanobacteria, as well as other regionally relevant harmful algal bloom (HAB) taxa, was combined with toxicity testing, and subsequent bioassay-guided fractionation, employing early life stages (i.e., embryos and larvae) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a well-established aquatic vertebrate toxicological model. Chemical analyses did not detect (within analytical limits) any of the known algal or cyanobacterial neurotoxins. Toxicity testing, alongside bioassay-guided fractionation, however, identified several chemical fractions with a range of potentially relevant bioactivities in both zebrafish embryos and post-hatch larvae including, in particular, behavioral (e.g., aberrant swimming) and physiological (e.g., altered heart rate) endpoints indicative of possible neurotoxicity, and subsequent chemical characterization of fractions suggested a contribution of the previously identified bioactive metabolite, eudesmacarbonate, in the observed toxicity. Comparative toxicological assessment with PbTx-2, as a positive control for neurotoxicity in the zebrafish model, further supported neurotoxic activity of cyanobacterial metabolites potentially relevant, in turn, to a contribution of these metabolites to dolphin intoxications. These findings suggest, in general, that marine zoological facilities may be affected by regional HABs, and assessments of potentially toxigenic algae and cyanobacteria should be included in management strategies in these facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Lydon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | | | - Ligia Collado-Vides
- Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Holli Eskelinen
- Dolphins Plus Marine Mammal Responder, 31 Corinne Place, Key Largo, FL, 33037, USA
| | - John P Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
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10
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Li H, Gu X, Chen H, Mao Z, Shen R, Zeng Q, Ge Y. Co-occurrence of multiple cyanotoxins and taste-and-odor compounds in the large eutrophic Lake Taihu, China: Dynamics, driving factors, and challenges for risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118594. [PMID: 34848287 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms producing toxic metabolites occur frequently in freshwater, yet the environmental behaviors of complex cyanobacterial metabolites remain largely unknown. In this study, the seasonal and spatial variations of several classes of cyanotoxins (microcystins, cylindrospermopsins, saxitoxins) and taste-and-odor (T&O) compounds (β-cyclocitral, β-ionone, geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol) in Lake Taihu were simultaneously investigated for the first time. The total cyanotoxins were dominated by microcystins with concentrations highest in November (mean 2209 ng/L) and lowest in February (mean 48.7 ng/L). Cylindrospermopsins were abundant in May with the highest content of 622.8 ng/L. Saxitoxins only occurred in May (mean 19.2 ng/L) and November (mean 198.5 ng/L). Extracellular T&O compounds were most concentrated in August, the highest being extracellular β-cyclocitral (mean 240.6 ng/L) followed by 2-methylisoborneol (mean 146.6 ng/L). Environment variables play conflicting roles in modulating the dynamics of different groups of cyanotoxins and T&O compounds. Total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll-a and cyanobacteria density were important factors affecting the variation of total microcystins, β-cyclocitral and β-ionone concentrations. In contrast, total cylindrospermopsins, 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin concentrations were significantly influenced by water temperature and TP. There was a significant and linear relationship between microcystins and β-cyclocitral/β-ionone, while cylindrospermopsins were positively correlated with 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin. The perceptible odors may be good indicators for the existence of cyanotoxins. Hazard quotients revealed that potential human health risks from microcystins were high in August and November. Meanwhile, the risks from cylindrospermopsins were at moderate levels. Cylindrospermopsins and saxitoxins were first identified in this lake, suggesting that diverse cyanotoxins might co-occur more commonly than previously thought. Hence, the risks from other cyanotoxins beyond microcystins shouldn't be ignored. This study also highlights that the necessity for further assessing the combination effects of these complex metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhigang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ruijie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - You Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Vadeboncoeur Y, Moore MV, Stewart SD, Chandra S, Atkins KS, Baron JS, Bouma-Gregson K, Brothers S, Francoeur SN, Genzoli L, Higgins SN, Hilt S, Katona LR, Kelly D, Oleksy IA, Ozersky T, Power ME, Roberts D, Smits AP, Timoshkin O, Tromboni F, Zanden MJV, Volkova EA, Waters S, Wood SA, Yamamuro M. Blue Waters, Green Bottoms: Benthic Filamentous Algal Blooms Are an Emerging Threat to Clear Lakes Worldwide. Bioscience 2021; 71:1011-1027. [PMID: 34616235 PMCID: PMC8490932 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearshore (littoral) habitats of clear lakes with high water quality are increasingly experiencing unexplained proliferations of filamentous algae that grow on submerged surfaces. These filamentous algal blooms (FABs) are sometimes associated with nutrient pollution in groundwater, but complex changes in climate, nutrient transport, lake hydrodynamics, and food web structure may also facilitate this emerging threat to clear lakes. A coordinated effort among members of the public, managers, and scientists is needed to document the occurrence of FABs, to standardize methods for measuring their severity, to adapt existing data collection networks to include nearshore habitats, and to mitigate and reverse this profound structural change in lake ecosystems. Current models of lake eutrophication do not explain this littoral greening. However, a cohesive response to it is essential for protecting some of the world's most valued lakes and the flora, fauna, and ecosystem services they sustain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sudeep Chandra
- Biology Department and the Global Water Center, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Karen S Atkins
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Jill S Baron
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Keith Bouma-Gregson
- California State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, California, United States
| | | | | | - Laurel Genzoli
- Flathead Lake Biological Station and the University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States
| | - Scott N Higgins
- International Institute for Sustainable Development, Experimental Lakes Area, with its head office in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sabine Hilt
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ted Ozersky
- Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota, United States
| | - Mary E Power
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Derek Roberts
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, California, United States
| | - Adrianne P Smits
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Oleg Timoshkin
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Limnological Institute, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Flavia Tromboni
- Biology Department and the Global Water Center, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - M Jake Vander Zanden
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ekaterina A Volkova
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Limnological Institute, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Masumi Yamamuro
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Hauerová R, Hauer T, Kaštovský J, Komárek J, Lepšová-Skácelová O, Mareš J. Tenebriella gen. nov. - the dark twin of Oscillatoria. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 165:107293. [PMID: 34391914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oscillatoria has long been known to be polyphyletic. After recent resequencing of the reference strain for this genus, many Oscillatoria-like groups phylogenetically distant from the type species O. princeps remained unresolved. Here we describe one of these groups as a new genus Tenebriella. Most of the studied strains originate from Central Europe, where they are able to form prominent microbial mats. Despite the overall Oscillatoria-like morphology, Tenebriella can be distinguished by darker trichomes and forms a separate monophyletic clade in phylogenies inferred from the 16S rRNA gene and two additional loci (rpoC1, rbcLX). Within Tenebriella we recognize two new species differing from each other by morphological and ecological characteristics. First species does not fit any known taxon description, and thus is described as a new species T. amphibia. The latter one corresponds with the information available for Oscillatoria curviceps Agardh ex Gomont, and thus new combination T. curviceps is proposed. The phylogenetic analyses of the 16S-23S ITS region together with the comparison of the hypothetical secondary structures confirmed recognition of these two species and additionally revealed presence of a morphologically cryptic species Tenebriella sp. The results corroborate frequent recurrence of convergent morphotypes in the evolution of cyanobacteria and justify further exploration even of the intensively studied European freshwaters using molecular phylogenetics to discover new and ecologically relevant taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Hauerová
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 702/7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Hauer
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kaštovský
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Komárek
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Centre for Phycology, Dukelská 135, 379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lepšová-Skácelová
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mareš
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 702/7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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13
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Abstract
Harmful algal blooms can have deleterious effects on animal and human health as well as the environment and are anticipated to become more frequent and intensified in the future because of climate change. Veterinarians are well positioned to diagnose and treat animals affected by HABs and to educate livestock owners and the public about health risks and environmental issues associated with those toxic events. Pets, livestock, wildlife, and marine life can all be affected by HABs. Information about HABs is becoming increasingly assessable as a result of ongoing research into the structure, properties, toxic mechanisms, and geographic distribution of toxins found in HABs. The AVMA's multi-entity working group on HABs is comprised of members from the Aquatic Veterinary Medicine Committee, Committee on Environmental Issues, and Council on Public Health and is working to make more information and resources regarding HABs available to practicing veterinarians. The present article is the first of those resources and provides a review of HABs, with a focus on livestock. It includes background material about bloom formation, appearance, and persistence as well as descriptions of clinical observations from early field cases and more recent information about the causative organisms and toxins to provide livestock veterinarians a foundation for understanding HABs. Reporting of HABs and prevention and mitigation strategies for livestock owners are also discussed.
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14
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Heil CA, Muni-Morgan AL. Florida’s Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) Problem: Escalating Risks to Human, Environmental and Economic Health With Climate Change. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.646080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) pose unique risks to the citizens, stakeholders, visitors, environment and economy of the state of Florida. Florida has been historically subjected to reoccurring blooms of the toxic marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (C. C. Davis) G. Hansen & Moestrup since at least first contact with explorers in the 1500’s. However, ongoing immigration of more than 100,000 people year–1 into the state, elevated population densities in coastal areas with attendant rapid, often unregulated development, coastal eutrophication, and climate change impacts (e.g., increasing hurricane severity, increases in water temperature, ocean acidification and sea level rise) has likely increased the occurrence of other HABs, both freshwater and marine, within the state as well as the number of people impacted by these blooms. Currently, over 75 freshwater, estuarine, coastal and marine HAB species are routinely monitored by state agencies. While only blooms of K. brevis, the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense (Böhm) Steidinger, Tester, and Taylor and the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. have resulted in closure of commercial shellfish beds, other HAB species, including freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, pose either imminent or unknown risks to human, environmental and economic health. HAB related human health risks can be classified into those related to consumption of contaminated shellfish and finfish, consumption of or contact with bloom or toxin contaminated water or exposure to aerosolized HAB toxins. While acute human illnesses resulting from consumption of brevetoxin-, saxitoxin-, and domoic acid-contaminated commercial shellfish have been minimized by effective monitoring and regulation, illnesses due to unregulated toxin exposures, e.g., ciguatoxins and cyanotoxins, are not well documented or understood. Aerosolized HAB toxins potentially impact the largest number of people within Florida. While short-term (days to weeks) impacts of aerosolized brevetoxin exposure are well documented (e.g., decreased respiratory function for at-risk subgroups such as asthmatics), little is known of longer term (>1 month) impacts of exposure or the risks posed by aerosolized cyanotoxin [e.g., microcystin, β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA)] exposure. Environmental risks of K. brevis blooms are the best studied of Florida HABs and include acute exposure impacts such as significant dies-offs of fish, marine mammals, seabirds and turtles, as well as negative impacts on larval and juvenile stages of many biota. When K. brevis blooms are present, brevetoxins can be found throughout the water column and are widespread in both pelagic and benthic biota. The presence of brevetoxins in living tissue of both fish and marine mammals suggests that food web transfer of these toxins is occurring, resulting in toxin transport beyond the spatial and temporal range of the bloom such that impacts of these toxins may occur in areas not regularly subjected to blooms. Climate change impacts, including temperature effects on cell metabolism, shifting ocean circulation patterns and changes in HAB species range and bloom duration, may exacerbate these dynamics. Secondary HAB related environmental impacts are also possible due to hypoxia and anoxia resulting from elevated bloom biomass and/or the decomposition of HAB related mortalities. Economic risks related to HABs in Florida are diverse and impact multiple stakeholder groups. Direct costs related to human health impacts (e.g., increased hospital visits) as well as recreational and commercial fisheries can be significant, especially with wide-spread sustained HABs. Recreational and tourism-based industries which sustain a significant portion of Florida’s economy are especially vulnerable to both direct (e.g., declines in coastal hotel occupancy rates and restaurant and recreational users) and indirect (e.g., negative publicity impacts, associated job losses) impacts from HABs. While risks related to K. brevis blooms are established, Florida also remains susceptible to future HABs due to large scale freshwater management practices, degrading water quality, potential transport of HABs between freshwater and marine systems and the state’s vulnerability to climate change impacts.
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15
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Tavakoli Y, Mohammadipanah F, Te SH, You L, Gin KYH. Biodiversity, phylogeny and toxin production profile of cyanobacterial strains isolated from lake Latyan in Iran. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 106:102054. [PMID: 34154781 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring toxigenic cyanobacteria in freshwaters is of great importance due to the adverse health impacts on humans and aquatic organisms. Here we studied cyanobacterial occurrence and biodiversity in a drinking water reservoir in Tehran province, Iran. In total, nine different species representing three orders of Synechococcales, Oscillatoriales and Nostocales were isolated and classified into six families and seven genera ranging from 92.3% to 99.0% similarities in their partial 16S rDNA with GenBank sequences. The cultures were analyzed for cyanotoxins production by the Artemia salina bioassay, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and also screened for the presence of marker genes involved in toxins production. Ethyl acetate extracts of three strains showed more than 50% mortality on A. salina larvae after 24 h at a concentration of 500 µg/ml. Production of at least one of the cyanotoxins, microcystin (MC), cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and anatoxin-a (ATX-a), was detected in 6 of the strains. Seven MC variants with a total concentration of 130.6 ng/mg of biomass dry weight were detected for the strain Phormidium sp. UTMC6001 and molecular screening of the mcyE gene also confirmed the presence of this biomarker in its genome. Our study also revealed the production of CYN in a novel picocyanobacterial strain Cyanobium sp. UTMC6007 at 1.0 ng/mg of biomass dry weight. Considering the limited information on freshwater toxic cyanobacteria taxonomy in the Middle East, these findings will expand our knowledge and consequently aid in development of new water management policies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Tavakoli
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417864411, Iran; Energy and environmental sustainability for megacities (E2S2), NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, 138602 Singapore
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417864411, Iran.
| | - Shu Harn Te
- Energy and environmental sustainability for megacities (E2S2), NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, 138602 Singapore
| | - Luhua You
- Energy and environmental sustainability for megacities (E2S2), NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, 138602 Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Energy and environmental sustainability for megacities (E2S2), NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, 138602 Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk E1A-07-03, 1 Engineering 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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16
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Lefler FW, Berthold DE, Laughinghouse HD. The occurrence of Affixifilum gen. nov. and Neolyngbya (Oscillatoriaceae) in South Florida (USA), with the description of A. floridanum sp. nov. and N. biscaynensis sp. nov. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:92-110. [PMID: 32853414 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
South Florida (USA) has a subtropical to tropical climate with an extensive and diverse coastline that supports the growth of benthic cyanobacterial mats (BCMs). These BCMs are widespread and potentially house numerous bioactive compounds; however, the extent of the cyanobacterial diversity within these mats remains largely unknown. To elucidate this diversity, BCMs from select locations in South Florida were sampled and isolated into unicyanobacterial cultures for morphological and molecular studies. Phylogenetic relationships of isolated taxa were assessed using the markers 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA ITS by both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. We propose Affixifilum gen. nov. based on morphological characteristics and the 16S rRNA phylogeny. Two species are included: Affixifilum granulosum comb nov. (=Neolyngbya granulosa) found in Brazil and Florida (USA) and A. floridanum sp. nov. Several other features, including pair-wise distance of 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA ITS, 16S-23S rRNA ITS secondary structure, morphology, and ecology, provide support for Affixifilum. We also propose the transfer of Lyngbya regalis to Neolyngbya as N. regalis comb. nov. and include the description of one novel species, N. biscaynensis sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest W Lefler
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, Florida, 33314, USA
| | - David E Berthold
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, Florida, 33314, USA
| | - H Dail Laughinghouse
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, Florida, 33314, USA
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17
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Brenes-Guillén L, Vidaurre-Barahona D, Morales S, Mora-López M, Sittenfeld A, Uribe-Lorío L. Novel Cyanobacterial Diversity Found in Costa Rican Thermal Springs Associated with Rincon de la Vieja and Miravalles Volcanoes: A Polyphasic Approach. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:183-198. [PMID: 33000870 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Central America is one of the most important biodiversity hot spots in the world, and Costa Rican microbial communities from thermal springs are the best characterized in the isthmus. Miravalles is an inactive quaternary stratovolcano, and the Rincón de la Vieja is a unique active volcano, in whose slopes diverse hydrothermal springs, such as Las Lilas, are located. These springs harbor extensive microbial mats, whose diversity has been studied. Based on their importance as primary producers, in this study we focused on cultured cyanobacterial diversity from two geothermal environments of northern Costa Rica. Several cultural, molecular and taxonomic techniques were employed to maximize the results of a polyphasic approach. Sample collection sites were physicochemically described, and strains were isolated and characterized by light and electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequences and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). Fifty-six phylotypes were isolated and classified into 21 morphotypes and identified in 14 genera, some of them might be new species within these genera. Furthermore, according to phylogenetic analysis, there are three possible new genera in our collection. Miravalles and Las Lilas thermal springs are reservoirs of novel phylogeographic lineages of phototrophic microorganisms. This study is the first report of strains that belong to the genera Gloeocapsa, Stanieria, Microseira, Klisinema and Oculatella isolated from thermal springs and growing at temperatures above 50°C. We also obtained isolates assigned to Synechococcus, Leptolyngbya spp., and Fischerella, which are considered typical strains in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brenes-Guillén
- Molecular and Biology Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Saylen Morales
- Molecular and Biology Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marielos Mora-López
- Molecular and Biology Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ana Sittenfeld
- Molecular and Biology Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Lorena Uribe-Lorío
- Molecular and Biology Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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18
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Nuryadi H, Sumimoto S, Teruya T, Suenaga K, Suda S. Characterization of Macroscopic Colony-Forming Filamentous Cyanobacteria from Okinawan Coasts as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:824-835. [PMID: 33244658 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-10010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroscopic colony-forming filamentous (MMCFF) cyanobacteria are considered as prolific producers of bioactive compounds. Thus, knowledge of the diversity of MMCFF cyanobacteria as related to bioactive compound production has become very important. However, basic taxonomic studies of MMCFF cyanobacteria are lacking. Many cyanobacterial taxa are still misidentified or undescribed. In this study, a total of 32 cyanobacterial colonies from nine coastal regions of Okinawa Prefecture were investigated for a diversity assessment. A polyphasic approach including morphological and molecular studies based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was performed to characterize Okinawan MMCFF cyanobacteria. Both morphological and molecular phylogenetic results showed that MMCFF cyanobacteria from Okinawan coasts are very diverse. We found morphotypes of Lyngbya-like, Phormidium-like, and Leptolyngbya-like groups among Okinawan cyanobacterial samples. Genetically, samples were distributed in various clades in the phylogenetic tree, including within Moorena, Okeania, Caldora, Neolyngbya, Dapis, as well as several unknown clades. In addition, cytotoxic activities of three samples from Kiyan coast were tested against HeLa cells. All three crude extracts of these samples showed strong cytotoxic activity with IC50 < 1 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handung Nuryadi
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shimpei Sumimoto
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teruya
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Suda
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
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19
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Untangling filamentous marine cyanobacterial diversity from the coast of South Florida with the description of Vermifilaceae fam. nov. and three new genera: Leptochromothrix gen. nov., Ophiophycus gen. nov., and Vermifilum gen. nov. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 160:107010. [PMID: 33186689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Benthic cyanobacterial mats are an integral component of aquatic communities in tropical marine waters. These mats can develop into massive nuisances at risk of expansion due to climate change. The extent of diversity occurring within these mats, still remains largely unexplored, especially in Florida. To reveal this diversity, coastal environments of South Florida were sampled and subsequently processed for isolation and systematic identification. Three new genera are proposed based on the molecular phylogeny, morphology, and ecology. These new genera are characterized by discoid cells and homocytous, unbranched filaments without sheaths. Individual genus morphological differences include either rounded bent, rounded, or conical rounded apical cells. A unique molecular fingerprint including a base pair insert within the 16S rRNA gene sequence and genetic similarities facilitates the delimitation of a novel family Vermifilaceae. Using the polyphasic approach, our research presents three new genera and four new species of marine cyanobacteria inhabiting coastal ecosystems of South Florida.
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20
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Scarlett KR, Kim S, Lovin LM, Chatterjee S, Scott JT, Brooks BW. Global scanning of cylindrospermopsin: Critical review and analysis of aquatic occurrence, bioaccumulation, toxicity and health hazards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139807. [PMID: 32585507 PMCID: PMC8204307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a cyanotoxin produced by harmful algal blooms, has been reported worldwide; however, there remains limited understanding of its potential risks to surface water quality. In the present study, we critically reviewed available literature regarding the global occurrence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of CYN in aquatic systems with a particular focus on freshwater. We subsequently developed environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) for CYN in surface waters and performed probabilistic environmental hazard assessments (PEHAs) using guideline values (GVs). PEHAs were performed by geographic region, type of aquatic system, and matrix. CYN occurrence was prevalent in North America, Europe, and Asia/Pacific, with lakes being the most common system. Many global whole water EEDs exceeded guideline values (GV) previously developed for drinking water (e.g., 0.5 μg L-1) and recreational water (e.g., 1 μg L-1). GV exceedances were higher in the Asia/Pacific region, and in rivers and reservoirs. Rivers in the Asia/Pacific region exceeded the lowest drinking water GV 73.2% of the time. However, lack of standardized protocols used for analyses was alarming, which warrants improvement in future studies. In addition, bioaccumulation of CYN has been reported in mollusks, crustaceans, and fish, but such exposure information remains limited. Though several publications have reported aquatic toxicity of CYN, there is limited chronic aquatic toxicity data, especially for higher trophic level organisms. Most aquatic toxicity studies have not employed standardized experimental designs, failed to analytically verify treatment levels, and did not report purity of CYN used for experiments; therefore, existing data are insufficient to derive water quality guidelines. Considering such elevated exceedances of CYN in global surface waters and limited aquatic bioaccumulation and toxicity data, further aquatic monitoring, environmental fate and mechanistic toxicology studies are warranted to robustly assess and manage water quality risks to public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall R Scarlett
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Lea M Lovin
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - J Thad Scott
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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21
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Smith ZJ, Conroe DE, Schulz KL, Boyer GL. Limnological Differences in a Two-Basin Lake Help to Explain the Occurrence of Anatoxin-a, Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins, and Microcystins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E559. [PMID: 32872651 PMCID: PMC7551069 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chautauqua Lake, New York, is a two-basin lake with a deeper, cooler, and less nutrient-rich Northern Basin, and a warmer, shallower, nutrient-replete Southern Basin. The lake is populated by a complex mixture of cyanobacteria, with toxigenic strains that produce microcystins, anatoxins, and paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs). Samples collected from 24 sites were analyzed for these three toxin classes over four years spanning 2014-2017. Concentrations of the three toxin groups varied widely both within and between years. During the study, the mean and median concentrations of microcystins, anatoxin-a, and PSTs were 91 and 4.0 μg/L, 0.62 and 0.33 μg/L, and 32 and 16 μg/L, respectively. Dihydro-anatoxin was only detected once in Chautauqua Lake, while homo-anatoxin was never detected. The Northern Basin had larger basin-wide higher biomass blooms with higher concentrations of toxins relative to the more eutrophied Southern Basin, however blooms in the North Basin were infrequent. Chlorophyll concentrations and toxins in the two basins were correlated with different sets of environmental and physical parameters, suggesting that implementing controls to reduce toxin loads may require applications focused on more than reductions in cyanobacterial bloom density (e.g., reduction of phosphorus inputs), and that lake limnological factors and morphology are important determinants in the selection of an appropriate management strategy. Chautauqua Lake is a drinking water source and is also heavily used for recreation. Drinking water from Chautauqua Lake is unlikely to be a significant source of exposure to cyanotoxins due to the location of the intakes in the deeper North Basin, where there were generally low concentrations of toxins in open water; however, toxin levels in many blooms exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency's recreational guidelines for exposure to cyanotoxins. Current cyanotoxin monitoring in Chautauqua Lake is focused on microcystins. However, the occurrence of blooms containing neurotoxic cyanotoxins in the absence of the microcystins indicates this restricted monitoring may not be sufficient when aiming to protect against exposure to cyanotoxins. The lake has a large number of tourist visitors; thus, special care should be taken to prevent recreational exposure within this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias J. Smith
- Ramboll, 333 W. Washington St., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | | | - Kimberly L. Schulz
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | - Gregory L. Boyer
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
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22
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Huang IS, Zimba PV. Cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites-A review of their chemistry and biology. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 86:139-209. [PMID: 31358273 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms occur when algal densities exceed baseline population concentrations. Cyanobacteria can produce a large number of secondary metabolites. Odorous metabolites affect the smell and flavor of aquatic animals, whereas bioactive metabolites cause a range of lethal and sub-lethal effects in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, including humans. Herein, the bioactivity, chemistry, origin, and biosynthesis of these cyanobacterial secondary metabolites were reviewed. With recent revision of cyanobacterial taxonomy by Anagnostidis and Komárek as part of the Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa volumes 19(1-3), names of many cyanobacteria that produce bioactive compounds have changed, thereby confusing readers. The original and new nomenclature are included in this review to clarify the origins of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Due to structural similarity, the 157 known bioactive classes produced by cyanobacteria have been condensed to 55 classes. This review will provide a basis for more formal procedures to adopt a logical naming system. This review is needed for efficient management of water resources to understand, identify, and manage cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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Demay J, Bernard C, Reinhardt A, Marie B. Natural Products from Cyanobacteria: Focus on Beneficial Activities. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E320. [PMID: 31151260 PMCID: PMC6627551 DOI: 10.3390/md17060320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that colonize diverse environments worldwide, ranging from ocean to freshwaters, soils, and extreme environments. Their adaptation capacities and the diversity of natural products that they synthesize, support cyanobacterial success in colonization of their respective ecological niches. Although cyanobacteria are well-known for their toxin production and their relative deleterious consequences, they also produce a large variety of molecules that exhibit beneficial properties with high potential in various fields (e.g., a synthetic analog of dolastatin 10 is used against Hodgkin's lymphoma). The present review focuses on the beneficial activities of cyanobacterial molecules described so far. Based on an analysis of 670 papers, it appears that more than 90 genera of cyanobacteria have been observed to produce compounds with potentially beneficial activities in which most of them belong to the orders Oscillatoriales, Nostocales, Chroococcales, and Synechococcales. The rest of the cyanobacterial orders (i.e., Pleurocapsales, Chroococcidiopsales, and Gloeobacterales) remain poorly explored in terms of their molecular diversity and relative bioactivity. The diverse cyanobacterial metabolites possessing beneficial bioactivities belong to 10 different chemical classes (alkaloids, depsipeptides, lipopeptides, macrolides/lactones, peptides, terpenes, polysaccharides, lipids, polyketides, and others) that exhibit 14 major kinds of bioactivity. However, no direct relationship between the chemical class and the respective bioactivity of these molecules has been demonstrated. We further selected and specifically described 47 molecule families according to their respective bioactivities and their potential uses in pharmacology, cosmetology, agriculture, or other specific fields of interest. With this up-to-date review, we attempt to present new perspectives for the rational discovery of novel cyanobacterial metabolites with beneficial bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Demay
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
- Thermes de Balaruc-les-Bains, 1 rue du Mont Saint-Clair BP 45, 34540 Balaruc-Les-Bains, France.
| | - Cécile Bernard
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Anita Reinhardt
- Thermes de Balaruc-les-Bains, 1 rue du Mont Saint-Clair BP 45, 34540 Balaruc-Les-Bains, France.
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
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Huang IS, Zimba PV. Cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites-A review of their chemistry and biology. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 83:42-94. [PMID: 31097255 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms occur when algal densities exceed baseline population concentrations. Cyanobacteria can produce a large number of secondary metabolites. Odorous metabolites affect the smell and flavor of aquatic animals, whereas bioactive metabolites cause a range of lethal and sub-lethal effects in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, including humans. Herein, the bioactivity, chemistry, origin, and biosynthesis of these cyanobacterial secondary metabolites were reviewed. With recent revision of cyanobacterial taxonomy by Anagnostidis and Komárek as part of the Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa volumes 19(1-3), names of many cyanobacteria that produce bioactive compounds have changed, thereby confusing readers. The original and new nomenclature are included in this review to clarify the origins of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Due to structural similarity, the 157 known bioactive classes produced by cyanobacteria have been condensed to 55 classes. This review will provide a basis for more formal procedures to adopt a logical naming system. This review is needed for efficient management of water resources to understand, identify, and manage cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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D'Agostino PM, Boundy MJ, Harwood TD, Carmichael WW, Neilan BA, Wood SA. Re-evaluation of paralytic shellfish toxin profiles in cyanobacteria using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicon 2019; 158:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cullen A, Pearson LA, Mazmouz R, Liu T, Soeriyadi AH, Ongley SE, Neilan BA. Heterologous expression and biochemical characterisation of cyanotoxin biosynthesis pathways. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1117-1136. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses cyanotoxin biosynthetic pathways and highlights the heterologous expression and biochemical studies used to characterise them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alescia Cullen
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Leanne A. Pearson
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Rabia Mazmouz
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Tianzhe Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Angela H. Soeriyadi
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Sarah E. Ongley
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Brett A. Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
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Sendall BC, McGregor GB. Cryptic diversity within the Scytonema complex: Characterization of the paralytic shellfish toxin producer Heterosyctonema crispum, and the establishment of the family Heteroscytonemataceae (Cyanobacteria/Nostocales). HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 80:158-170. [PMID: 30502809 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strains of the freshwater filamentous, benthic cyanobacterium Scytonema crispum Agardh isolated from six sites in subtropical south-east Queensland were characterised using a combination of phenotypic and genetic traits. Morphologically, the strains were consistent with the description of Scytonemataceae sensu stricto, and the description of Scytonema crispum. However, phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S-23S rRNA operon, and the nifH gene revealed that these strains and three others from outside Australia formed a monophyletic clade distinct from Scytonema and other species in the Scytonemataceae. Collectively, this data suggests this group is sufficiently evolutionarily distinct to be placed in a new family, Heteroscytonemataceae fam. nov. Accordingly, the taxon previously known as S. crispum has been transferred to a new genus Heteroscytonema gen nov., as H. crispum. Some strains of H. crispum exhibited facultative production of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). The concentration of PSTs produced by individual strains varied widely, from 2.7 μg g-1 to 171.3 μg g-1, and included C toxins, decarbamoyl saxitoxin (dcSTX), gonyautoxins (GTX2, GTX3 and GTX5), saxitoxin (STX) and uncharacterised PSTs. The majority of the Australian strains produced dcSTX as the dominant saxitoxin analogue, a significant finding given that dcSTX has approximately half the relative toxicity of STX. The PST profile varied within and between Australian strains of H. crispum and in strains collected from New Zealand and the United States. The sxtA gene, one of the determinants for the production of PSTs, was present in all strains in which PSTs were detected. The discovery of PST-producing H. crispum in the headwaters of a major drinking water reservoir presents a serious risk for potential human and animal exposure to these neurotoxic compounds and further highlights the importance of monitoring benthic cyanobacteria populations for potentially toxigenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Sendall
- Queensland Department of Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia.
| | - Glenn B McGregor
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, GPO Box 5078 Brisbane Qld 4001, Australia
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Engene N, Tronholm A, Paul VJ. Uncovering cryptic diversity of Lyngbya: the new tropical marine cyanobacterial genus Dapis (Oscillatoriales). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:435-446. [PMID: 29791035 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria comprise an extraordinarily diverse group of microorganisms and, as revealed by increasing molecular information, this biodiversity is even more extensive than previously estimated. In this sense, the cyanobacterial genus Lyngbya is a highly polyphyletic group composed of many unrelated taxa with morphological similarities. In this study, the new genus Dapis was erected from the genus Lyngbya, based on a combined molecular, chemical, and morphological approach. Herein, two new species of cyanobacteria are described: D. pleousa and D. pnigousa. Our analyses found these species to be widely distributed and abundant in tropical and subtropical marine habitats. Seasonally, both species have the ability to form extensive algal blooms in marine habitats: D. pleousa in shallow-water, soft bottom habitats and D. pnigousa on coral reefs below depths of 10 m. Electron microscopy showed that D. pleousa contains gas vesicles, a character not previously reported in Lyngbya. These gas vesicles, in conjunction with a mesh-like network of filaments that trap oxygen released from photosynthesis, provide this species with an unusual mechanism to disperse in coastal marine waters, allowing D. pleousa to be present in both benthic and planktonic forms. In addition, both D. pleousa and D. pnigousa contained nitrogen-fixing genes as well as bioactive secondary metabolites. Several specimens of D. pnigousa biosynthesized the secondary metabolite lyngbic acid, a molecule that has also been isolated from many other marine cyanobacteria. Dapis pleousa consistently produced the secondary metabolite malyngolide, which may provide a promising chemotaxonomic marker for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Engene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Ana Tronholm
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA
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Neolyngbya gen. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriaceae): A new filamentous benthic marine taxon widely distributed along the Brazilian coast. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 120:196-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Shalygin S, Shalygina R, Johansen JR, Pietrasiak N, Berrendero Gómez E, Bohunická M, Mareš J, Sheil CA. Cyanomargarita gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria): convergent evolution resulting in a cryptic genus. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:762-777. [PMID: 28403525 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Two populations of Rivularia-like cyanobacteria were isolated from ecologically distinct and biogeographically distant sites. One population was from an unpolluted stream in the Kola Peninsula of Russia, whereas the other was from a wet wall in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, a desert park-land in Utah. Though both were virtually indistinguishable from Rivularia in field and cultured material, they were both phylogenetically distant from Rivularia and the Rivulariaceae based on both 16S rRNA and rbcLX phylogenies. We here name the new cryptic genus Cyanomargarita gen. nov., with type species C. melechinii sp. nov., and additional species C. calcarea sp. nov. We also name a new family for these taxa, the Cyanomargaritaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Shalygin
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio, 44118, USA
- Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Science, Kirovsk-6, 184230, Russia
| | - Regina Shalygina
- Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Science, Akademgorodok 14a, Apatity, 184209, Russia
| | - Jeffrey R Johansen
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio, 44118, USA
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Nicole Pietrasiak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 945 College Drive, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Esther Berrendero Gómez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Bohunická
- Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, 379 82, Czech Republic
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy 129, Hořice, 508 01, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mareš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, 379 82, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 702/7, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher A Sheil
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio, 44118, USA
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McGregor GB, Sendall BC. Iningainema pulvinus gen nov., sp nov. (Cyanobacteria, Scytonemataceae) a new nodularin producer from Edgbaston Reserve, north-eastern Australia. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 62:10-19. [PMID: 28118884 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A new nodularin producing benthic cyanobacterium Iningainema pulvinus gen nov., sp nov. was isolated from a freshwater ambient spring wetland in tropical, north-eastern Australia and characterised using combined morphological and phylogenetic attributes. It formed conspicuous irregularly spherical to discoid, blue-green to olive-green cyanobacterial colonies across the substratum of shallow pools. Morphologically Iningainema is most similar to Scytonematopsis Kiseleva and Scytonema Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault. All three genera have isopolar filaments enveloped by a firm, often layered and coloured sheath; false branching is typically geminate, less commonly singly. Phylogenetic analyses using partial 16S rRNA sequences of three clones of Iningainema pulvinus strain ES0614 showed that it formed a well-supported monophyletic clade. All three clones were 99.7-99.9% similar, however they shared less than 93.9% nucleotide similarity with other cyanobacterial sequences including putatively related taxa within the Scytonemataceae. Amplification of a fragment of the ndaF gene involved in nodularin biosynthesis from Iningainema pulvinus confirmed that it has this genetic determinant. Consistent with these results, analysis of two extracts from strain ES0614 by HPLC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of nodularin at concentrations of 796 and 1096μgg-1 dry weight. This is the third genus of cyanobacteria shown to produce the cyanotoxin nodularin and the first report of nodularin synthesis from the cyanobacterial family Scytonemataceae. These new findings may have implications for the aquatic biota at Edgbaston Reserve, a spring complex which has been identified as a priority conservation area in the central Australian arid and semiarid zones, based on patterns of endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn B McGregor
- Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, GPO Box 5078 Brisbane 4001, Australia.
| | - Barbara C Sendall
- Queensland Department of Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia
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Buratti FM, Manganelli M, Vichi S, Stefanelli M, Scardala S, Testai E, Funari E. Cyanotoxins: producing organisms, occurrence, toxicity, mechanism of action and human health toxicological risk evaluation. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:1049-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Potamolinea gen. nov. (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria): a phylogenetically and ecologically coherent cyanobacterial genus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:3632-3641. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Bohunická M, Mareš J, Hrouzek P, Urajová P, Lukeš M, Šmarda J, Komárek J, Gaysina LA, Strunecký O. A combined morphological, ultrastructural, molecular, and biochemical study of the peculiar family Gomontiellaceae (Oscillatoriales) reveals a new cylindrospermopsin-producing clade of cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2015; 51:1040-54. [PMID: 26987000 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Members of the morphologically unusual cyanobacterial family Gomontiellaceae were studied using a polyphasic approach. Cultured strains of Hormoscilla pringsheimii, Starria zimbabweënsis, Crinalium magnum, and Crinalium epipsammum were thoroughly examined, and the type specimen of the family, Gomontiella subtubulosa, was investigated. The results of morphological observations using both light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were consistent with previous reports and provided evidence for the unique morphological and ultrastructural traits of this family. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the monophyletic origin of non-marine repre-sentatives of genera traditionally classified into this family. The family was phylogenetically placed among other groups of filamentous cyanobacterial taxa. The presence of cellulose in the cell wall was analyzed and confirmed in all cultured Gomontiellaceae members using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Evaluation of toxins produced by the studied strains revealed the hepatotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in available strains of the genus Hormoscilla. Production of this compound in both Hormoscilla strains was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with high resolution mass spectrometry and confirmed by positive PCR amplification of the cyrJ gene from the CYN biosynthetic cluster. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CYN production by soil cyanobacteria, establishing a previously unreported CYN-producing lineage. This study indicates that cyanobacteria of the family Gomontiellaceae form a separate but coherent cluster defined by numerous intriguing morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical features, and exhibiting a toxic potential worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Bohunická
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the CAS, v.v.i., Dukelská 135, Třeboň, CZ-379 82, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mareš
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the CAS, v.v.i., Dukelská 135, Třeboň, CZ-379 82, Czech Republic
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the CAS, v.v.i., Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, CZ-379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Urajová
- Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, CZ-379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lukeš
- Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, CZ-379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šmarda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno-Bohunice, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Komárek
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the CAS, v.v.i., Dukelská 135, Třeboň, CZ-379 82, Czech Republic
| | - Lira A Gaysina
- Department of Bioecology and Biological Education, M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, 450000 Ufa, Okt'yabrskoi revolucii 3a, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
| | - Otakar Strunecký
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the CAS, v.v.i., Dukelská 135, Třeboň, CZ-379 82, Czech Republic
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Luo S, Krunic A, Chlipala GE, Orjala J. Microseiramide from the Freshwater Cyanobacterium Microseira sp. UIC 10445. PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS 2015; 13:47-52. [PMID: 26089995 PMCID: PMC4467913 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microseiramide (1), a cyclic heptapeptide, was isolated from a sample of the freshwater cyanobacterium Microseira sp. UIC 10445 collected in a shallow lake in Northern Indiana. Taxonomic identification of UIC 10445 was performed by a combination of morphological and phylogenetic characterization. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that UIC 10445 was a member of the recently described genus Microseira, which is phylogenetically distinct from the morphologically similar genera. Moorea and Lyngbya. The planar structure of microseiramide (1) was determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as HRESIMS analysis. The absolute configurations of amino acid residues were determined using acid hydrolysis followed by the advanced Marfey's analysis. microseiramide (1) is the first cyclic peptide reported from a Microseira sp., and the structure of microseiramide (1) is distinct from the previously known metabolites from cyanobacteria of the genera Moorea and Lyngbya.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jimmy Orjala
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1-312-996-5583. Fax: +1-312-996-7107.
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