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Danielsen AK, Massarenti L, Minculescu L, Jensen PØ, Hansen PR, Holmstrup P, Damgaard C, Nielsen CH. Cytokine responses of CD4+ T cells and NKT cells to periodontitis-associated bacteria in individuals with or without periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38962877 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease driven by opportunistic bacteria including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, where T-cell and NKT-cell responses to these bacteria in patients with periodontitis grade B or C are not fully elucidated. The objective is to determine if exaggerated proinflammatory Th-cell responses to periodontitis-associated bacteria, but not commensal bacteria, is a characteristic of increased periodontitis grade. METHODS Mononuclear cells from patients with periodontitis grade C (n = 26) or grade B (n = 33) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 26) were stimulated with P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum or the commensal bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes. Cytokine production by different T-cell populations and FOXP3-expression by regulatory T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared to HCs, grade C patients had decreased frequencies of interleukin (IL)-10-producing CD4+ T cells before stimulation (p = .02) and increased frequencies of IFN-y-producing CD4+ T cells after stimulation with P. gingivalis (p = .0019). Grade B patients had decreased frequencies of FOXP3+ CD4+ T cells before (p = .030) before and after stimulation with anti-CD2/anti-CD3/anti-CD28-loaded beads (p = .047), P. gingivalis (p = .013) and S. epidermidis (p = .018). Clinical attachment loss correlated with the frequencies of IFN-y-producing Th1 cells in P. gingivalis- and F. nucleatum-stimulated cultures in grade B patients (p = .023 and p = .048, respectively) and with the frequencies of Th17 cells in P. gingivalis-stimulated cultures (p = .0062) in grade C patients. Patients with periodontitis grade C or grade B showed lower frequencies of IL-10-producing NKT cells than HCs in unstimulated cultures (p = .0043 and p = .027 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Both periodontitis groups showed decreased frequencies of immunoregulatory T-cell and NKT cell subsets at baseline. Clinical attachment loss correlated with P. gingivalis-induced Th17-responses in grade C patients and with Th1-responses in grade B patients when cells were stimulated with P. gingivalis, supporting that dysregulated pro-inflammatory T-cell responses to periodontitis-associated bacteria contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Katrine Danielsen
- Research Area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Research Area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lia Minculescu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Riis Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Research Area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Research Area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Research Area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Villalobos V, Silva I, Morales D, Canelo J, Garrido M, Carreño LJ, Cavalla F, Dutzan N, Caceres M. Topological insight of immune-vascular distribution in peri-implantitis lesions. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38566281 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the distribution of macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, and blood vessels in peri-implantitis compared to healthy aged gingiva samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS This observational study included eight gingival samples from peri-implantitis and eight from periodontally healthy individuals. By immunofluorescence were identified neutrophils, NK cells, macrophages, and their pro-inflammatory or pro-healing phenotypes, and blood vessels. Two ROIs were designated as zone 1, connective tissue closest to the epithelium and zone 2, connective tissue over 200 microns from the rete ridges. Immune cells and vascular structures were quantified and characterized according to their distribution in both zones. RESULTS Two peri-implantitis zones were characterized by unique macrophage phenotypes and blood vessel architecture. Blood vessels were larger in zone 2 in peri-implantitis. A greater number of NK cells and macrophages were found in peri-implantitis compared to healthy aged samples. A higher presence of pro-inflammatory macrophages was found in zone 1 compared to zone 2. A similar proportion of pro-inflammatory and pro-healing macrophages were found in zone 2. CONCLUSION A specific distribution for pro-inflammatory macrophages and vascular architecture is observed in peri-implantitis. TNF-α colocalizes with macrophages in the connective tissue near rete ridges. NK cells are more abundant in peri-implantitis than in healthy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Villalobos
- Program of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ian Silva
- Program of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Morales
- Program of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Canelo
- Program of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Garrido
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro J Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Andres Bello University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Monica Caceres
- Program of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
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Chen LW, Jin SH, Lu Q, Zhou JG, Liu JG, Guan XY, Xia HB, He H. Identification of immunological bioprocesses involved in peri-implantitis using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1078-1089. [PMID: 37032448 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-implantitis is an irreversible infectious disease that occurs with high incidence. Exploring the immune responses of peri-implantitis is key to developing targeted treatment strategies. However, there is limited research on the immune response of peri-implantitis. METHODS This study performed a weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify the peri-implantitis related gene network and conducted a functional enrichment analysis of the gene network. Thereafter, the candidate hub genes were selected by constructing a protein-protein interaction network and drawing an upset plot. The hub genes were identified through their significant associations with disease condition and validated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Using the gene set variation analysis, the hub genes were further used to explore infiltrating immunocytes and immune factors in peri-implantitis. Finally, the immunocytes and immune factor related hub genes were intersected to obtain the therapeutic target, which was validated using histological staining. RESULTS The peri-implantitis related gene network was enriched in innate and adaptive immune response. Subsequently, interleukin (IL)1B, IL10, ITGAM, ITGB1, STAT3, and TLR4 were identified as hub genes. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, natural killer T cells, and immature B cells were positively and significantly related to the hub genes IL1B, TLR4, ITGAM, and ITGB1 (correlation coefficient > 0.80). While immune factors CXCL10, IL6, and CXCL12 and hub genes IL10 and IL1B held the highest degree in the immune factors network. IL1B may be a promising therapeutic target. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the hub genes, immunocytes, and immune factors underlying peri-implantitis immunological bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Wen Chen
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Han Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- School of Stomatology, Special Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hai-Bin Xia
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong He
- Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Alghamdi B, Jeon HH, Ni J, Qiu D, Liu A, Hong JJ, Ali M, Wang A, Troka M, Graves DT. Osteoimmunology in Periodontitis and Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:128-146. [PMID: 36862360 PMCID: PMC10696608 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the role of the immune cells and their interaction with cells found in gingiva, periodontal ligament, and bone that leads to net bone loss in periodontitis or bone remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. RECENT FINDINGS Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases causing inflammation in the soft and hard tissues of the periodontium and is initiated by bacteria that induce a host response. Although the innate and adaptive immune response function cooperatively to prevent bacterial dissemination, they also play a major role in gingival inflammation and destruction of the connective tissue, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone characteristic of periodontitis. The inflammatory response is triggered by bacteria or their products that bind to pattern recognition receptors that induce transcription factor activity to stimulate cytokine and chemokine expression. Epithelial, fibroblast/stromal, and resident leukocytes play a key role in initiating the host response and contribute to periodontal disease. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) experiments have added new insight into the roles of various cell types in the response to bacterial challenge. This response is modified by systemic conditions such as diabetes and smoking. In contrast to periodontitis, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a sterile inflammatory response induced by mechanical force. Orthodontic force application stimulates acute inflammatory responses in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone stimulated by cytokines and chemokines that produce bone resorption on the compression side. On the tension side, orthodontic forces induce the production of osteogenic factors, stimulating new bone formation. A number of different cell types, cytokines, and signaling/pathways are involved in this complex process. Inflammatory and mechanical force-induced bone remodeling involves bone resorption and bone formation. The interaction of leukocytes with host stromal cells and osteoblastic cells plays a key role in both initiating the inflammatory events as well as inducing a cellular cascade that results in remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement or in tissue destruction in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Alghamdi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyeran Helen Jeon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jia Ni
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Alyssia Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Julie J Hong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mamoon Ali
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michael Troka
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA.
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Quach SS, Zhu A, Lee RSB, Seymour GJ. Immunomodulation—What to Modulate and Why? Potential Immune Targets. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.883342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite over 50 years of research into the immunology of periodontal disease, the precise mechanisms and the role of many cell types remains an enigma. Progress has been limited by the inability to determine disease activity clinically. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease however is fundamental if immunomodulation is to be used as a therapeutic strategy. It is important for the clinician to understand what could be modulated and why. In this context, potential targets include different immune cell populations and their subsets, as well as various cytokines. The aim of this review is to examine the role of the principal immune cell populations and their cytokines in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and their potential as possible therapeutic targets.
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Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells and Periodontitis: Potential Regulatory Role of NKT10 Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5573937. [PMID: 34594157 PMCID: PMC8478603 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5573937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells constitute a unique subset of T lymphocytes characterized by specifically interacting with antigenic glycolipids conjugated to the CD1d receptor on antigen-presenting cells. Functionally, NKT cells are capable of performing either effector or suppressor immune responses, depending on their production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Effector NKT cells are subdivided into three subsets, termed NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17, based on the cytokines they produce and their similarity to the cytokine profile produced by Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes, respectively. Recently, a new subgroup of NKT cells termed NKT10 has been described, which cooperates and interacts with other immune cells to promote immunoregulatory responses. Although the tissue-specific functions of NKT cells have not been fully elucidated, their activity has been associated with the pathogenesis of different inflammatory diseases with immunopathogenic similarities to periodontitis, including osteolytic pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. In the present review, we revise and discuss the pathogenic characteristics of NKT cells in these diseases and their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis; particularly, we analyze the potential regulatory role of the IL-10-producing NKT10 cells.
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Yamada S, Tsushima K, Kinoshita M, Sakashita H, Kajikawa T, Fujihara C, Yuan H, Suzuki S, Morisaki T, Murakami S. Mouse Model of Loeys-Dietz Syndrome Shows Elevated Susceptibility to Periodontitis via Alterations in Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715687. [PMID: 34456753 PMCID: PMC8385443 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a syndromic connective tissue disorder caused by a heterozygous missense mutation in genes that encode transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor (TGFBR) 1 and 2. We encountered a patient with LDS, who had severe periodontal tissue destruction indicative of aggressive periodontitis. The patient had a missense mutation in the glycine and serine-rich domain of TGFBR1 exon 3. This G-to-T mutation at base 563 converted glycine to valine. We established an LDS model knock-in mouse that recapitulated the LDS phenotype. Homozygosity of the mutation caused embryonic lethality and heterozygous knock-in mice showed distorted and ruptured elastic fibers in the aorta at 24 weeks of age and died earlier than wildtype (WT) mice. We stimulated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from the knock-in mouse with TGF-β and examined their responses. The knock-in MEFs showed downregulated Serpine 1 mRNA expression and phosphorylation of Smad2 to TGF-β compared with WT MEFs. To clarify the influence of TGF-β signaling abnormalities on the pathogenesis or progression of periodontitis, we performed pathomolecular analysis of the knock-in mouse. There were no structural differences in periodontal tissues between WT and LDS model mice at 6 or 24 weeks of age. Micro-computed tomography revealed no significant difference in alveolar bone resorption between WT and knock-in mice at 6 or 24 weeks of age. However, TGF-β-related gene expression was increased significantly in periodontal tissues of the knock-in mouse compared with WT mice. Next, we assessed a mouse periodontitis model in which periodontal bone loss was induced by oral inoculation with the bacterial strain Porphyromonas gingivalis W83. After inoculation, we collected alveolar bone and carried out morphometric analysis. P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss was significantly greater in LDS model mice than in WT mice. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from Tgfbr1G188V/+ mice showed upregulation of inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression induced by P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide compared with WT macrophages. In this study, we established an LDS mouse model and demonstrated that LDS model mice had elevated susceptibility to P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis, probably through TGF-β signal dysfunction. This suggests that TGF-β signaling abnormalities accelerate the pathogenesis or progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.,Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Tsushima
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaki Kinoshita
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakashita
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kajikawa
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Chiharu Fujihara
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeki Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morisaki
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Laboratory of Genome Technology IMSUT Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
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Hathaway-Schrader JD, Novince CM. Maintaining homeostatic control of periodontal bone tissue. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:157-187. [PMID: 33690918 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone is a unique osseous tissue due to the proximity of dental plaque biofilms. Periodontal health and homeostasis are mediated by a balanced host immune response to these polymicrobial biofilms. Dysbiotic shifts within dental plaque biofilms can drive a proinflammatory immune response state in the periodontal epithelial and gingival connective tissues, which leads to paracrine signaling to subjacent bone cells. Sustained chronic periodontal inflammation disrupts "coupled" osteoclast-osteoblast actions, which ultimately result in alveolar bone destruction. This chapter will provide an overview of alveolar bone physiology and will highlight why the oral microbiota is a critical regulator of alveolar bone remodeling. The ecology of dental plaque biofilms will be discussed in the context that periodontitis is a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. The pathogenesis of periodontal bone loss will be explained from both a historical and current perspective, providing the opportunity to revisit the role of fibrosis in alveolar bone destruction. Periodontal immune cell interactions with bone cells will be reviewed based on our current understanding of osteoimmunological mechanisms influencing alveolar bone remodeling. Lastly, probiotic and prebiotic interventions in the oral microbiota will be evaluated as potential noninvasive therapies to support alveolar bone homeostasis and prevent periodontal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Seidel A, Seidel CL, Weider M, Junker R, Gölz L, Schmetzer H. Influence of Natural Killer Cells and Natural Killer T Cells on Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9766. [PMID: 33371393 PMCID: PMC7767411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, as members of the innate immune system, and natural killer T (NKT) cells, bridging innate and adaptive immunity, play a prominent role in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancerogenesis, yet have scarcely been examined in oral diseases. Therefore, systematic research on the latest literature focusing on NK/NKT cell-mediated mechanisms in periodontal disease, including the time period 1988-2020, was carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed) using a predetermined search strategy, with a final selection of 25 studies. The results showed that NK cells tend to have rather proinflammatory influences via cytokine production, cytotoxic effects, dendritic-cell-crosstalk, and autoimmune reactions, while contrarily, NKT cell-mediated mechanisms were proinflammatory and immunoregulatory, ranging from protective effects via B-cell-regulation, specific antibody production, and the suppression of autoimmunity to destructive effects via cytokine production, dendritic-cell-crosstalk, and T-/B-cell interactions. Since NK cells seem to have a proinflammatory role in periodontitis, further research should focus on the proinflammatory and immunoregulatory properties of NKT cells in order to create, in addition to antibacterial strategies in dental inflammatory disease, novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches modulating host immunity towards dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seidel
- Dental Practice, Bahnhofstraße 10, 82223 Eichenau, Germany
| | - Corinna L. Seidel
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Matthias Weider
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Rüdiger Junker
- Center for Dental Prosthetics and Biomaterials, Danube Private University Krems, Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria;
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Helga Schmetzer
- Department of Medical III, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
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Widita E, Yoshihara A, Hanindriyo L, Miyazaki H. Relationship between clinical periodontal parameters and changes in liver enzymes levels over an 8-year period in an elderly Japanese population. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:311-321. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elastria Widita
- Division of Preventive Dentistry; Department of Oral Health Science; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
- Dental Hygiene Program; Faculty of Dentistry; Universitas Gadjah Mada; Yogyakarta Indonesia
| | - Akihiro Yoshihara
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion; Department of Oral Health and Welfare; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Lisdrianto Hanindriyo
- Division of Preventive Dentistry; Department of Oral Health Science; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Universitas Gadjah Mada; Yogyakarta Indonesia
| | - Hideo Miyazaki
- Division of Preventive Dentistry; Department of Oral Health Science; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
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Türer ÇC, Ballı U, Güven B. Fetuin-A, serum amyloid A and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in periodontal health and disease. Oral Dis 2017; 23:379-386. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ÇC Türer
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - U Ballı
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - B Güven
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
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Wang Q, Zhang P, Aprecio R, Zhang D, Li H, Ji N, Mohamed O, Zhang W, Li Y, Ding Y. Comparison of Experimental Diabetic Periodontitis Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis in Mice. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4840203. [PMID: 27995146 PMCID: PMC5141310 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4840203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the severe complications in diabetic patients and gingival epithelium plays an initial role on the onset and progression of this disease. However the potential mechanism is yet sufficiently understood. Meanwhile, the research on the correlational experimental animal models was also insufficient. Here, we established periodontitis with type 2 diabetes in db/db and Tallyho/JngJ (TH) mice and periodontitis with type 1 diabetes in streptozotocin induced diabetes C57BL/6J (STZ-C57) mice by oral infection of periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis W50. We demonstrated that periodontal infected mice with high blood glucose levels showed dramatically more alveolar bone loss than their counterparts, in which infected db/db mice exhibited the most bone defects. No contrary impact could be observed between this periodontal infection and onset and severity of diabetes. The expressions of PTPN2 were inhibited whereas the expression of JAK1, STAT1, and STAT3 increased dramatically in gingival epithelia and the serum TNF-α also significantly increased in the mice with diabetic periodontitis. Our results indicated that the variations of inflammation-related protein expressions in gingival epithelia might lead to the phenotype differences in the mice with diabetic periodontitis.
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MESH Headings
- Alveolar Bone Loss
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Complications/etiology
- Diabetes Complications/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gingiva/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 1/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Periodontitis/etiology
- Periodontitis/metabolism
- Porphyromonas gingivalis
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section S. Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
- *Qi Wang: and
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section S. Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Ray Aprecio
- Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua W. Road, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section S. Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Omaima Mohamed
- Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Wu Zhang
- Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yiming Li
- Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section S. Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
- *Yi Ding:
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Ardila CM, Guzmán IC. Comparison of serum amyloid A protein and C-reactive protein levels as inflammatory markers in periodontitis. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2015; 45:14-22. [PMID: 25722922 PMCID: PMC4341202 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2015.45.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare serum amyloid A (SAA) protein levels with high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels as markers of systemic inflammation in patients with chronic periodontitis. The association of serum titers of antibodies to periodontal microbiota and SAA/hs-CRP levels in periodontitis patients was also studied. METHODS A total of 110 individuals were included in this study. Patients were assessed for levels of hs-CRP and SAA. Nonfasting blood samples were collected from participants at the time of clinical examination. The diagnosis of adipose tissue disorders was made according to previously defined criteria. To determine SAA levels, a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized. Paper points were transferred to a sterile tube to obtain a pool of samples for polymerase chain reaction processing and the identification of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia. The serum level of IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies to P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. forsythia was also determined. RESULTS SAA and hs-CRP levels were higher in periodontitis patients than in controls (P<0.05). In bivariate analysis, high levels of hs-CRP (>3 mg/L) and SAA (>10 mg/L) were significantly associated with chronic periodontitis (P=0.004). The Spearman correlation analysis between acute-phase proteins showed that SAA positively correlated with hs-CRP (r=0.218, P=0.02). In the adjusted model, chronic periodontitis was associated with high levels of SAA (odds ratio [OR], 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-18.2; P=0.005) and elevated hs-CRP levels (OR, 6.1, 95% CI, 1.6-23.6; P=0.008). Increased levels of serum IgG2 antibodies to P. gingivalis were associated with high levels of SAA (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.4-8.5; P=0.005) and high concentrations of hs-CRP (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.9-9.8; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS SAA and hs-CRP concentrations in patients with chronic periodontitis are comparably elevated. High serum titers of antibodies to P. gingivalis and the presence of periodontal disease are independently related to high SAA and hs-CRP levels.
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Okui T, Aoki-Nonaka Y, Nakajima T, Yamazaki K. The Role of Distinct T Cell Subsets in Periodontitis—Studies from Humans and Rodent Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-014-0013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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