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Soldati KR, Gutierrez LS, Anovazzi G, Scarel-Caminaga RM, Zandim-Barcelos DL. Impact of smoking on protein levels of beta-defensins in periodontal disease. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:79-86. [PMID: 36043572 PMCID: PMC9645181 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the host response against invading pathogens. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activity, they can also participate in the immune system modulation. However, the role of AMPs in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease and the risk factors that may influence their expression in the oral cavity are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of smoking on beta-defensin (hBD) 1 and 2 levels analyzing samples from periodontitis patients. Fifty patients with periodontitis, 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers, and 20 periodontally healthy patients were recruited. After periodontal clinical evaluation, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from healthy sites of patients without periodontal disease and from healthy and diseased sites of patients with periodontitis. Peptides quantification was performed by sandwich ELISA technique. Smokers showed reduced GCF hBD 1 levels and increased hBD 2 levels compared to non-smokers in diseased sites (p <0.05). Higher levels of hBD 1 were observed in healthy sites of patients without periodontal disease than in healthy sites of patients with periodontitis (p<0.0001). Diseased sites of non-smokers presented higher levels of hBD 2 than healthy sites (p <0.05). These results reveal that protein levels of hBDs 1 and 2 can be impaired by cigarette smoking in the presence of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahena Rodrigues Soldati
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University
(Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorena Silva Gutierrez
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University
(Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Anovazzi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University
(Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Mantuaneli Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric
Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP,
Brazil
| | - Daniela Leal Zandim-Barcelos
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University
(Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Papadaki M, Marmarinos A, Tsolia M, Gourgiotis D, Soldatou A. Cathelicidin levels in nasal secretions are associated with the severity of acute bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:1673-1680. [PMID: 33656266 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of serum vitamin D and nasal secretion antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) levels with the severity of acute bronchiolitis. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a prospective single pediatric tertiary care center cohort study of inpatients aged 0-18 months with a first episode of acute bronchiolitis from November 1st 2014 to April 30th 2017. Disease severity was determined by the length of hospitalization and supplemental hospital data. Qualitative measurements included serum 25(OH)D and nasal secretion LL-37 and β-defensin-2 levels. Correlations were examined with the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis criteria for qualitative and the correlation coefficient Spearman's rho for quantitative factors. Multiple linear and logarithmic regression were performed to adjust for confounding factors. RESULTS The study population consisted of 153 infants and toddlers with median age 3.1 months (interquartile range:1.6-4.9). No association was found between serum 25(OH)D and AMPs nasal secretions levels. Serum 25(OH)D and nasal secretion β-defensin-2 levels were not associated with the severity of bronchiolitis. In contrast, LL-37 levels were inversely associated with the length of hospitalization (rho = -0.340, p = .001), the need for medication use (p = .001), as well as the duration of oxygen supplementation (rho = -0.339, p = .001), and intravenous fluid administration (rho = -0.323, p = .001). This association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSION A significant association between LL-37 nasal secretions levels with the severity of acute bronchiolitis was found in hospitalized infants and toddlers. The role of LL-37 in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadaki
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Athens "P. & A. Kyriakou", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Marmarinos
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Athens "P. & A. Kyriakou", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsolia
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Athens "P. & A. Kyriakou", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gourgiotis
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Athens "P. & A. Kyriakou", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Soldatou
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Athens "P. & A. Kyriakou", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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LOPES AB, COLOMBO NH, ASSEM NZ, NUERNBERG MAA, GARCIA VG, DUQUE C, THEODORO LH. LL-37 and hBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid of smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.05621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction The association between smoking and periodontal diseases has been described in clinical and epidemiological studies. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the LL-37 and human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) levels in crevicular fluid of patients with generalized periodontitis in smokers (S) and nonsmokers (NS). Material and method A total of 35 patients with generalized periodontitis stages III and IV, 15 NS (11 female, 4 male) and 20 S (7 female and 13 male), were included in the study. The evaluated clinical parameters were bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify the LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of these patients. The results were analyzed statistically with the level of significance set at 5%. Result In relation to periodontal clinical parameters, no statistically significant difference was observed for BOP and PD between groups S and NS. There was a higher CAL in the S group than in the NS group (p = 0.0095). There was no statistically significant difference between the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 when comparing groups S and NS (p>0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that smokers have a higher clinical attachment loss than nonsmokers, but that smoking did not influence the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid in periodontitis.
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Lachowicz JI, Szczepski K, Scano A, Casu C, Fais S, Orrù G, Pisano B, Piras M, Jaremko M. The Best Peptidomimetic Strategies to Undercover Antibacterial Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7349. [PMID: 33027928 PMCID: PMC7583890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Health-care systems that develop rapidly and efficiently may increase the lifespan of humans. Nevertheless, the older population is more fragile, and is at an increased risk of disease development. A concurrently growing number of surgeries and transplantations have caused antibiotics to be used much more frequently, and for much longer periods of time, which in turn increases microbial resistance. In 1945, Fleming warned against the abuse of antibiotics in his Nobel lecture: "The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the shops. Then there is the danger that the ignorant man may easily underdose himself and by exposing his microbes to non-lethal quantities of the drug make them resistant". After 70 years, we are witnessing the fulfilment of Fleming's prophecy, as more than 700,000 people die each year due to drug-resistant diseases. Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides protect all living matter against bacteria, and now different peptidomimetic strategies to engineer innovative antibiotics are being developed to defend humans against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Surgical Science, OBL Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.S.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (G.O.)
| | - Cinzia Casu
- Department of Surgical Science, OBL Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.S.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (G.O.)
| | - Sara Fais
- Department of Surgical Science, OBL Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.S.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (G.O.)
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Science, OBL Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.S.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (G.O.)
| | - Barbara Pisano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Monica Piras
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
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Öztürk A, Kurt-Bayrakdar S, Avci B. Comparison of gingival crevicular fluid and serum human beta-defensin-2 levels between periodontal health and disease. Oral Dis 2020; 27:993-1000. [PMID: 32772492 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2), an antimicrobial peptide that takes roles in inflammatory diseases, in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of one hundred and one individuals, 59 controls and 42 patients with CP, participated in this study. Clinical index measurements were recorded during the periodontal examination, and radiographic evaluation was also performed. The serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were taken from all of the participants, and the hBD-2 levels were determined biochemically by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In our study, hBD-2 GCF levels in CP (stages II-IV periodontitis based on the new 2018 classification of periodontal diseases) group (2.77 ng/30 s) were higher than in the periodontally healthy (2.51 ng/30 s; p = .047) individuals. In contrast, serum hBD-2 levels in CP (2.92 ng/ml) were lower compared with those in healthy controls (7.75 ng/ml, p < .001). CONCLUSION Interestingly, our results showed that while higher hBD-2 GCF levels are associated with CP, lower serum hBD-2 levels were detected in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sevda Kurt-Bayrakdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Soldati KR, Toledo FA, Aquino SG, Rossa C, Deng D, Zandim-Barcelos DL. Smoking reduces cathelicidin LL-37 and human neutrophil peptide 1-3 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis. J Periodontol 2020; 92:562-570. [PMID: 32820828 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides are components of innate immune response that have a key role on susceptibility and resistance of the oral cavity to diseases. This study aimed to investigate the influence of smoking on cathelicidin LL-37 and human neutrophil peptides 1 through 3 (HNP 1-3) levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with periodontitis. The relationship between levels of these peptides with the periodontal status and selected inflammatory mediators levels in smokers and non-smokers was also evaluated. METHODS Forty patients with periodontitis, 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers were recruited. After a full periodontal clinical assessment, GCF samples were collected from healthy (n = 5) and diseased (n = 5) sites of each patient. Peptides and inflammatory mediators in the GCF were quantitated by sandwich ELISAs and Multiplex assay, respectively. RESULTS Diseased sites had significantly (P <0.05) higher levels of LL-37 and lower levels of HNP 1-3 than healthy sites in both smokers and non-smokers. Diseased sites of smokers presented significantly lower levels of LL-37 and HNP 1-3 when compared with diseased sites of non-smokers. Concentration of LL-37 was directly correlated with the presence of proinflammatory mediators matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and interleukin (IL)-1β and inversely correlated with concentration of IL-10. HNP 1-3 concentration was positively correlated with IL-10 and negatively correlated with concentrations of MMP-8 and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Smoking was associated with reduced levels of LL-37 and HNP 1-3 in GCF of patients with periodontitis. LL-37 had a distinct expression pattern from HNP 1-3: LL-37 was upregulated in diseased sites, and HNP 1-3 was increased in periodontally healthy sites.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahena R Soldati
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Toledo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina G Aquino
- Department of Clinic and Social Dentistry, Healthy Science Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rossa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela L Zandim-Barcelos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bayirli BA, Öztürk A, Avci B. Serum vitamin D concentration is associated with antimicrobial peptide level in periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kurt-Bayrakdar S, Ozturk A, Kara N. DEFB4A Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated with Chronic Periodontitis: A Case-Control Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:113-119. [PMID: 32058800 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human β-defensin-2 is an antimicrobial peptide with antibiotic properties secreted by the oral cavity to protect the host against microbial attack. The inter-individual differences in defensin expression profiles due to genetic variation might be partly responsible for differences in disease susceptibility. Aims: The objective of this study was to examine whether variation in the human β-defensin-2 gene (DEFB4A) is associated with chronic periodontitis (CP). Materials and Methods: This case-control study used Sanger sequencing to analyze two promoter polymorphisms of the DEFB4A gene with potential functional consequences using DNA samples collected from 200 unrelated individuals. Results: The DEFB4A rs1339258595 promoter polymorphism is associated with CP risk and clinical attachment level (CAL) but the rs3762040 polymorphism is not. Carriers of the T allele (rs1339258595) were approximately three times less likely to develop periodontitis compared with noncarriers (p = 0.0004, odds ratio = 0.35). Consistent with a protective role, the carriers of T allele had a lower CAL compared with the wild-type (G) allele. Moreover, the wild-type diplotype (GGGG) had a significantly higher risk of tooth loss compared with other diplotypes (p = 0.016). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that genetic variation in the promoter region of DEFB4A likely affects resistance to periodontal infection and might be a potential marker for CP risk and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Kurt-Bayrakdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayla Ozturk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nurten Kara
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Özdemir M, Caglayan F, Bikker FJ, Pussinen P, Könönen E, Yamalik N, Gürsoy M, Fteita D, Nazmi K, Güncü GN, Pietiäinen M, Tolvanen M, Gürsoy UK. Gingival tissue human beta-defensin levels in relation to infection and inflammation. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:309-318. [PMID: 31799742 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To profile gingival tissue levels of human beta-defensin (hBD)-2 and hBD-3 in relation to gingival inflammation, Th17-related cytokine concentrations, Porphyromonas gingivalis counts, and gingipain and total protease activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival tissue and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 21 periodontitis patients including 48 periodontal pocket sites with marginal, mild, or moderate to severe inflammation. hBD levels were determined by immunodetection, P. gingivalis counts with real-time polymerase chain reaction, protease activities with fluorogenic substrates, and cytokine concentrations with Luminex technique. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS Subgingival plaque counts of P. gingivalis (p = .001) and gingipain activity (p < .001), as well as interleukin (IL)-1β (p = .012), IL-10 (p = .024), IL-17A (p = .002), IL-17F (p = .006), and IL-23 (p = .036) concentrations were elevated in severely inflamed sites, whereas no change was observed in hBD-2 and hBD-3 levels. Negative correlations were found between protease activity and hBD-2 (p = .033) and hBD-3(p = .003) levels. CONCLUSIONS Shift in gingival inflammation from marginal to mild stage is related to elevations in subgingival plaque P. gingivalis counts and gingipain activity, but not to tissue hBD levels. Negative correlations between hBDs and total protease activity suggest the degradation of these antimicrobial peptides in progressed inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Özdemir
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feriha Caglayan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nermin Yamalik
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dareen Fteita
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Güliz N Güncü
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ghattas Ayoub C, Aminoshariae A, Bakkar M, Ghosh S, Bonfield T, Demko C, Montagnese TA, Mickel AK. Comparison of IL-1β, TNF-α, hBD-2, and hBD-3 Expression in the Dental Pulp of Smokers Versus Nonsmokers. J Endod 2017; 43:2009-2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li S, Schmalz G, Schmidt J, Krause F, Haak R, Ziebolz D. Antimicrobial peptides as a possible interlink between periodontal diseases and its risk factors: A systematic review. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:145-155. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Li
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - G. Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - J. Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - F. Krause
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - R. Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - D. Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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Dilek F, Emin Ö, Gültepe B, Yazıcı M, Çakır E, Gedik AH. Evaluation of nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels in children with allergic rhinitis. Turk Arch Pediatr 2017; 52:79-84. [PMID: 28747838 DOI: 10.5152/turkpediatriars.2017.4497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Knowledge about the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases has been expanding in recent years. Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that are components of the innate immune system. Defensins have strong efficacy against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Moreover, they have regulatory functions in many physiologic processes such as antitumoral immunity, chemotaxis, inflammation, and wound healing. In this study, we aimed to investigate β-defensin 2 levels in the nasal fluids of children with allergic rhinitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study and control groups consisted of 28 patients with newly diagnosed allergic rhinitis who were not taking any medication, and 23 healthy children. Skin prick tests were performed on patients with allergic rhinitis and disease severity was assessed using the total symptom score. Nasal fluid samples were obtained using a modified polyurethane sponge absorption method from patients and control subjects. Nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The median value of nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels were 173.8 pg/mL (interquartile range; 54.8-205.9 pg/mL) in allergic rhinitis group and 241.6 pg/mL (163.5-315.2 pg/mL) in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.01). Moreover, nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels showed a significant negative correlation with total symptom scores (rho= -0.78, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Children with allergic rhinitis have reduced nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels compared with controls, and β-defensin 2 levels were negatively correlated with disease severity. A more definite understanding of the roles of defensins and other antimicrobial peptides in allergic inflammation can open up new horizons in the management and treatment of these common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Dilek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özkaya Emin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Gültepe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mebrure Yazıcı
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Çakır
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Chest Diseases, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hakan Gedik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Chest Diseases, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Beyond anti-microbial properties: The role of cathelicidin in allergic rhinitis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2016; 44:297-302. [PMID: 26777417 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathelicidin, an anti-microbial peptide, is a component of the innate immune system. Cathelicidin has anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory functions. Knowledge about the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases has expanded in recent years. We measured levels of the LL-37 peptide in the nasal fluids of children with allergic rhinitis (AR) and investigated the possible role of this peptide in the pathogenesis of AR. METHODS The study population included 46 children who were newly diagnosed with AR and not taking any medication. Thirty-three healthy control subjects were also enrolled. Nasal secretions were collected from the study and control groups using a polyurethane sponge nasal secretion collector, and nasal fluid LL-37 levels were determined using the ELISA method. RESULTS The levels of LL-37 in the nasal fluid of the AR patients were lower than those of the control group (median of 2.3ng/ml [minimum-maximum, 2.1-3.2] vs. 2.6ng/ml [2.1-5.4], respectively; p<0.001), and they were significantly reduced in patients with moderate/severe AR compared with those of patients with mild AR (2.2ng/ml [2.1-2.4] vs. 2.5ng/ml [2.1-3.1], respectively; p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results show that children with AR have reduced nasal fluid LL-37 levels compared with healthy controls. Additionally, children with moderate/severe AR have decreased nasal fluid LL-37 levels compared with children with mild AR. These findings highlight the role of cathelicidin in the pathogenesis of AR.
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ERTUGRUL AS, SAHİN H. The effect of smoking on myeloid-related protein-8 and myeloid-related protein-14. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100249. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Türkoğlu O, Eren G, Emingil G, Azarsız E, Kutukculer N, Atilla G. Does smoking affect gingival crevicular fluid LL-37 levels following non-surgical periodontal treatment in chronic periodontitis? Arch Oral Biol 2016; 61:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Dommisch H, Staufenbiel I, Schulze K, Stiesch M, Winkel A, Fimmers R, Dommisch J, Jepsen S, Miosge N, Adam K, Eberhard J. Expression of antimicrobial peptides and interleukin-8 during early stages of inflammation: An experimental gingivitis study. J Periodontal Res 2015; 50:836-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Health Science Center; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - I. Staufenbiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - K. Schulze
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - M. Stiesch
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - A. Winkel
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - R. Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry; Informatics and Epidemiology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - J. Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - S. Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - N. Miosge
- Research Group for Oral Biology and Tissue Regeneration; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry; University Hospital Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - K. Adam
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - J. Eberhard
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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