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Ciurea A, Stanomir A, Șurlin P, Micu IC, Pamfil C, Leucuța DC, Rednic S, Rasperini G, Soancă A, Țigu AB, Roman A, Picoș A, Delean AG. Insights into the Relationship between Periodontitis and Systemic Sclerosis Based on the New Periodontitis Classification (2018): A Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:540. [PMID: 38473012 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to assess the periodontitis burden in systemic sclerosis patients and the possible association between them, and the degree to which some potential risk factors and two potential diagnostic biomarkers may account for this association. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study included a test group (systemic sclerosis patients) and a control group (non-systemic sclerosis patients). Both groups benefited from medical, periodontal examination and saliva sampling to determine the salivary flow rate and two inflammatory biomarkers (calprotectin, psoriasin). A systemic sclerosis severity scale was established. (3) Results: In the studied groups, comparable periodontitis rates of 88.68% and 85.85%, respectively, were identified. There were no significant differences in the severity of periodontitis among different systemic sclerosis severity, or in the positivity for anti-centromere and anti-SCL70 antibodies. Musculoskeletal lesions were significantly more common in stage III/IV periodontitis (n = 33, 86.84%) than in those in stage I/II (n = 1, 100%, and n = 3, 37.5%, respectively) (p = 0.007). Comparable levels of the inflammatory mediators were displayed by the two groups. There were no significant differences in calprotectin and psoriasin levels between diffuse and limited forms of systemic sclerosis. (4) Conclusions: Within the limitations of the current study, no associations between systemic sclerosis and periodontitis, or between their risk factors, could be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ciurea
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Stanomir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petra Șurlin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Iulia Cristina Micu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Pamfil
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Corneliu Leucuța
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Rednic
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Giulio Rasperini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Policlinic, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrada Soancă
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Bogdan Țigu
- Research Centre for Advanced Medicine (MEDFUTURE), Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Picoș
- Department of Prevention in Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ada Gabriela Delean
- Department of Odontology and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Panahipour L, Botta S, Abbasabadi AO, Afradi Z, Gruber R. Enamel Matrix Derivative Suppresses Chemokine Expression in Oral Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13991. [PMID: 37762294 PMCID: PMC10530986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells in periodontitis patients increasingly express chemokines, suggesting their active involvement in the inflammatory process. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is an extract of porcine fetal tooth germs clinically applied to support the regrowth of periodontal tissues. Periodontal regeneration might benefit from the potential anti-inflammatory activity of EMD for epithelial cells. Our aim was, therefore, to set up a bioassay where chemokine expression is initiated in the HSC2 oral squamous carcinoma cell line and then test EMD for its capacity to lower the inflammatory response. To establish the bioassay, HSC2 cells being exposed to TNFα and LPS from E. coli (Escherichia coli) or P. gingivalis (Porphyromonas gingivalis) were subjected to RNAseq. Here, TNFα but not LPS caused a robust increase of chemokines, including CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CCL5, and CCL20 in HSC2 cells. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed the increased expression of the respective chemokines in cells exposed to TNFα and IL-1β. Under these conditions, EMD reduced the expression of all chemokines at the transcriptional level and CXCL8 by immunoassay. The TGF-β receptor type I kinase-inhibitor SB431542 reversed the anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, EMD-activated TGF-β-canonical signaling was visualized by phosphorylation of smad3 and nuclear translocation of smad2/3 in HSC2 cells and blocked by SB431542. This observation was confirmed with primary oral epithelial cells where EMD significantly lowered the SB431542-dependent expression of CXCL8. In summary, our findings suggest that TGF-β signaling mediates the effects of EMD to lower the forced expression of chemokines in oral epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.B.); (A.O.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Sara Botta
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.B.); (A.O.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Azarakhsh Oladzad Abbasabadi
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.B.); (A.O.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zohreh Afradi
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.B.); (A.O.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.B.); (A.O.A.); (Z.A.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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Li Y, Feng Y, Yang Z, Zhou Z, Jiang D, Luo J. Untargeted metabolomics of saliva in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus and healthy non-pregnant women. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1206462. [PMID: 37538307 PMCID: PMC10394705 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1206462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the differences in salivary metabolites between pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), healthy pregnant women (HPW), and healthy non-pregnant women (HNPW), and analyze the possible associations between the identified metabolites and gingivitis. Method The study included women with GDM (n = 9, mean age 28.9 ± 3.6 years, mean gestational age 30.1 ± 3.2 weeks), HPW (n = 9, mean age 27.9 ± 3.0 years, mean gestational age 28.6 ± 4.7 weeks), and HNPW (n = 9, mean age 27.7 ± 2.1 years). Saliva samples were collected from all participants and were analyzed with LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomic analysis. Metabolite extraction, qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis, and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways between groups. The identified differential metabolites were further analyzed in an attempt to explore their possible associations with periodontal health and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of periodontal inflammation during pregnancy. Results In positive ion mode, a total of 2,529 molecular features were detected in all samples, 166 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HPW groups (89 upregulated and 77 downregulated), 823 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HNPW groups (402 upregulated and 421 downregulated), and 647 differential metabolites were identified between the HPW and HNPW groups (351 upregulated and 296 downregulated). In negative ion mode, 983 metabolites were detected in all samples, 49 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HPW groups (29 upregulated and 20 downregulated), 341 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HNPW groups (167 upregulated and 174 downregulated), and 245 differential metabolites were identified between the HPW and HNPW groups (112 upregulated and 133 downregulated). A total of nine differential metabolites with high confidence levels were identified in both the positive and negative ion modes, namely, L-isoleucine, D-glucose 6-phosphate, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, adenosine, adenosine-monophosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, xanthine, and hypoxanthine. Among all pathways enriched by the upregulated differential metabolites, the largest number of pathways were enriched by four differential metabolites, adenosine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, and adenosine-monophosphate, and among all pathways enriched by the downregulated differential metabolites, the largest number of pathways were enriched by three differential metabolites, L-isoleucine, xanthine, and arachidonic acid. Conclusion Untargeted metabolomic analysis of saliva samples from pregnant women with GDM, HPW, and HNPW identified nine differential metabolites with high confidence. The results are similar to findings from previous metabolomics studies of serum and urine samples, which offer the possibility of using saliva for regular noninvasive testing in the population of pregnant women with and without GDM. Meanwhile, the associations between these identified differential metabolites and gingivitis need to be further validated by subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Chongqing Changshou Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengyan Yang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Gare J, Kanoute A, Orsini G, Gonçalves LS, Ali Alshehri F, Bourgeois D, Carrouel F. Prevalence, Severity of Extension, and Risk Factors of Gingivitis in a 3-Month Pregnant Population: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093349. [PMID: 37176789 PMCID: PMC10179599 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to assess the prevalence, severity of extension, and risk factors of gingivitis among pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, 220 nulliparous women at 3 months of pregnancy were recruited in 2022 at the first obstetrical visit in Dakar, Senegal. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, prenatal clinical status, and oral clinical parameters were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess relationships between gingivitis and risk factors. Eighty-eight percent of women had gingivitis, 15% were classified as moderate and 73% as severe. A total of 66.7% (95% CI [28.8-92.1]) of the sites had bleeding on interdental brushing. The odds for gingivitis decreased significantly for women consuming more than five portions of fruits and vegetables per day (OR = 0.15; 95% CI [0.03-0.66]) and increased in women who had a professional activity (OR = 6.75; 95% CI [1.27-35.87]) and high education. Concomitantly, the percentage of dental plaque (OR = 131.6; 95% CI [10.80-1619.71] and the severity of clinical attachment loss (OR = 7.70; 95% CI [3.16-18.92]) were important risk factors. Inverse associations were observed with increasing body mass index (OR = 0.76; 95% CI [0.63-0.93]). Our results underline that gingivitis cases and bleeding were particularly high among 3-month pregnant women. Literacy and adequate oral hygiene actions to modify behaviors and to achieve meticulous biofilm disorganization could make a favorable change in the gingival health outcome. Additionally, further research is necessary to precisely determine the role of biofilm-induced gingivitis and systemic-induced gingivitis in improving gingival conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne Gare
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), Research Unit UR 4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Public Health Laboratory (LASAP), University Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Aida Kanoute
- Public Health Service, Department of Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar 10700, Senegal
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucio Souza Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil
| | - Fahad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), Research Unit UR 4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), Research Unit UR 4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
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Evaluation of periodontal status and cytokine response in children with familial Mediterranean fever or systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1159-1166. [PMID: 36197547 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) are chronic inflammatory diseases and anti-inflammatory agents are used in their treatment. This study evaluates the periodontal status and cytokine response in pediatric patients with FMF or sJIA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight FMF/sJIA patients were under treatment/control and in attack-free period; 20 systemically healthy children participated in the study. FMF/sJIA patients were divided into two subgroups based on the treatment they received: receiving anti-IL-1 therapy (anti-IL-1 ( +)) and not receiving anti-IL-1 therapy (anti-IL-1 ( -)). The clinical periodontal indices were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum samples were collected. Cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-33) in GCF and serum were measured using ELISA kits. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of GCF IL-1β and IL-1α levels although, BoP and GI were significantly lower in the anti-IL-1 ( +) group compared to the control group. GCF IL-10 level was higher in the anti-IL-1 ( -) group than in the control group; GCF IL-8 levels were lower in both FMF/sJIA subgroups versus controls. There was no significant difference between serum cytokine levels of FMF/sJIA subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Considering the significant decrease in GI, BoP, and GCF IL-8 levels in the anti-IL-1 ( +) group, it can be concluded that anti-IL-1 medications may suppress periodontal inflammation clinically and immunologically. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Anti-IL agents are not currently used in periodontal therapy. However, this study demonstrated the positive effect of anti-IL-1 medications on periodontal inflammation in pediatric patients with FMF or sJIA.
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Dou X, Yan D, Liu S, Gao N, Ma Z, Shi Z, Dong N, Shan A. Host Defense Peptides in Nutrition and Diseases: A Contributor of Immunology Modulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3125-3140. [PMID: 36753427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are primary components of the innate immune system with diverse biological functions, such as antibacterial ability and immunomodulatory function. HDPs are produced and released by immune and epithelial cells against microbial invasion, which are widely distributed in humans, animals, plants, and microbes. Notably, there are great differences in endogenous HDP distribution and expression in humans and animals. Moreover, HDP expression could be regulated by exogenous substances, such as nutrients, and different physiological statuses in health and disease. In this review, we systematically assessed the regulation of expression and mechanism of endogenous HDPs from nutrition and disease perspectives, providing a basis to identify the specificity and regularity of HDP expression. Furthermore, the regulation mechanism of HDP expression was summarized systematically, and the differences in the regulation between nutrients and diseases were explored. From this review, we provide novel ideas targeted the immune regulation of HDPs for protecting host health in nutrition and practical and effective new ideas using the immune regulation theory for further research on protecting host health from pathogenic infection and excessive immunity diseases under the global challenge of the antibiotic-abuse-induced series of problems, including food security and microbial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
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Hardan L, Chedid JCA, Bourgi R, Cuevas-Suárez CE, Lukomska-Szymanska M, Tosco V, Monjarás-Ávila AJ, Jabra M, Salloum-Yared F, Kharouf N, Mancino D, Haikel Y. Peptides in Dentistry: A Scoping Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020214. [PMID: 36829708 PMCID: PMC9952573 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, it remains unclear which specific peptides could be appropriate for applications in different fields of dentistry. The aim of this scoping review was to scan the contemporary scientific papers related to the types, uses and applications of peptides in dentistry at the moment. Literature database searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Scielo. A total of 133 articles involving the use of peptides in dentistry-related applications were included. The studies involved experimental designs in animals, microorganisms, or cells; clinical trials were also identified within this review. Most of the applications of peptides included caries management, implant osseointegration, guided tissue regeneration, vital pulp therapy, antimicrobial activity, enamel remineralization, periodontal therapy, the surface modification of tooth implants, and the modification of other restorative materials such as dental adhesives and denture base resins. The in vitro and in vivo studies included in this review suggested that peptides may have beneficial effects for treating early carious lesions, promoting cell adhesion, enhancing the adhesion strength of dental implants, and in tissue engineering as healthy promotors of the periodontium and antimicrobial agents. The lack of clinical trials should be highlighted, leaving a wide space available for the investigation of peptides in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Jean Claude Abou Chedid
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.-S.); (N.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +52-(771)-72000 (C.E.C.-S.)
| | | | - Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ana Josefina Monjarás-Ávila
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Massa Jabra
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus 0100, Syria
| | | | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.-S.); (N.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +52-(771)-72000 (C.E.C.-S.)
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.-S.); (N.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +52-(771)-72000 (C.E.C.-S.)
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Ramírez Thomé S, Ávila Curiel B, Hernández Huerta MT, Solórzano Mata C. β-defensinas como posibles indicadores de la actividad inflamatoria en la enfermedad periodontal. INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA 2022. [DOI: 10.54817/ic.v63n4a08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) is an inflam-matory process caused by the activity of pathogenic bacteria and their products on the gingival sulcus, with the consequent activation of the immune response. Saliva and crevicular fluid contain a wide variety of enzymes and antimicrobial factors that are in contact with the supragingival and subgingival region, in-cluding β-defensins (hBDs). hHBDs are non-glycosylated, cysteine-rich cationic peptides produced by epithelial cells with antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects, thus contributing to maintaining homeostasis in periodontal tissues. The changes in the microbiota and the immune response from a healthy peri-odontium to gingivitis and, finally, to periodontitis are complex. Their sever-ity depends on a dynamic balance between bacteria associated with plaque, genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances have made it possible to understand the implication of hBDs in the detection, diagnosis, and therapy of periodontal disease and the relationship between periodontitis and other inflammatory conditions. This review aims to describe the effect of hBDs on the immune response and its use as a possible marker of the inflammatory activity of the periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Ramírez Thomé
- Facultad de Odontología. Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México
| | | | | | - Carlos Solórzano Mata
- Facultad de Odontología. Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México
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The Need for Oral Hygiene Care and Periodontal Status among Hospitalized Gastric Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050684. [PMID: 35629110 PMCID: PMC9147473 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor oral hygiene leads to the accumulation of dental plaque, thus contributing to the initiation of periodontal disease (PD). Local infections can lead to systemic inflammatory responses, which are essential mediators for the evolution of systemic conditions or cancer tumorigenesis. Often, patients hospitalized with life-threatening and incapacitating disorders such as gastric cancer (GC) might lose interest in keeping their mouth healthy. This study evaluates oral hygiene, periodontal status, and the need for oral care and medical personnel to assist in achieving it in patients hospitalized with GC. This study was carried out on 25 patients with a diagnosis of GC, divided into two groups (GP—14 patients from the Gastroenterology Department, and SP—11 patients from the 1st Department of Surgery). Patients were examined on the day of admission (T0), the day of the medical procedure of endoscopy or surgery (T1), and the day of discharge (T2), recording the number of absent teeth, dental plaque (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depths (PPD), frequency of toothbrushing, and if the oral hygiene had been self-performed or assisted. Data were subjected to statistical analysis. Our results showed that, in both the GP and the SP group, there were strong and statistically significant correlations between PI and BOP measured on the last day of hospitalization and the period of hospitalization after the medical procedure. Longer hospital stays and the presence of surgery were risk factors for changing toothbrushing frequency. Results also highlight the need for a dentist to diagnose and eventually treat periodontal disease before and after hospitalization, and for a trained nurse who should help take care of the patient’s oral hygiene during hospitalization.
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10
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Saadaoui M, Singh P, Al Khodor S. Oral microbiome and pregnancy: A bidirectional relationship. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 145:103293. [PMID: 33676065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity contains the second most complex microbial population within the human body, with more than 700 bacterial organisms. Recent advances in Next Generation Sequencing technology have unraveled the complexities of the oral microbiome and provided valuable insights into its role in health and disease. The human oral microbiome varies dramatically during the different stages of life, including pregnancy. The total viable microbial counts in pregnant women are known to be higher compared to non-pregnant women, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. A balanced oral microbiome is vital for a healthy pregnancy, as perturbations in the oral microbiome composition can contribute to pregnancy complications. On the other hand, physiological changes and differences in hormonal levels during pregnancy, increase susceptibility to various oral diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. A growing body of evidence supports the link between the composition of the oral microbiome and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, low birth weight among others. This review aims to summarize the dynamics of oral microbiome during pregnancy and to discuss the relationship between a dysbiotic oral microbiome and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parul Singh
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Pappe CL, Steckhan N, Hoedke D, Jepsen S, Rauch G, Keller T, Michalsen A, Dommisch H. Prolonged multimodal fasting modulates periodontal inflammation in female patients with metabolic syndrome: A prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:492-502. [PMID: 33393121 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the potential anti-inflammatory effect of a multimodal periodic fasting programme on surrogate parameters of periodontal inflammation in hospitalized patients diagnosed for metabolic syndrome (MetS). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 47 patients were recruited and hospitalized in an integrative ward for an intensified two-week multimodal fasting, diet and lifestyle programme. Patients were periodontally examined at baseline (t1), after the 2-week fasting protocol (t2) and, subsequently, 4 months after fasting (t3). The following parameters were determined: periodontal screening index (PSI), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF), plaque index (PI), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose (FGLU), triglycerides (TRG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HbA1c. RESULTS A total of 28 female and 8 male patients fulfilled the defined criteria for MetS and were analysed separately by gender. At t2, BOP and GCF were reduced when compared to t1 (median: t2 = 39; t1 = 33.1%; p < .001 and t2 = 73.9; t1 = 59.3 Periotron units p = .02, respectively). BOP reduction correlated to FGLU (R = .37, p = .049) and weight reduction (R = .4, p = .04). CONCLUSION This study showed for the first time that clinically supervised periodic fasting in female patients with MetS may facilitate the reduction of periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Laetitia Pappe
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Steckhan
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Digital Engineering Faculty, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniela Hoedke
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Geralinde Rauch
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresa Keller
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Periodontology, Health Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Öztürk A, Kurt-Bayrakdar S, Avci B. Comparison of gingival crevicular fluid and serum human beta-defensin-2 levels between periodontal health and disease. Oral Dis 2020; 27:993-1000. [PMID: 32772492 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2), an antimicrobial peptide that takes roles in inflammatory diseases, in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of one hundred and one individuals, 59 controls and 42 patients with CP, participated in this study. Clinical index measurements were recorded during the periodontal examination, and radiographic evaluation was also performed. The serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were taken from all of the participants, and the hBD-2 levels were determined biochemically by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In our study, hBD-2 GCF levels in CP (stages II-IV periodontitis based on the new 2018 classification of periodontal diseases) group (2.77 ng/30 s) were higher than in the periodontally healthy (2.51 ng/30 s; p = .047) individuals. In contrast, serum hBD-2 levels in CP (2.92 ng/ml) were lower compared with those in healthy controls (7.75 ng/ml, p < .001). CONCLUSION Interestingly, our results showed that while higher hBD-2 GCF levels are associated with CP, lower serum hBD-2 levels were detected in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sevda Kurt-Bayrakdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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13
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Özdemir M, Caglayan F, Bikker FJ, Pussinen P, Könönen E, Yamalik N, Gürsoy M, Fteita D, Nazmi K, Güncü GN, Pietiäinen M, Tolvanen M, Gürsoy UK. Gingival tissue human beta-defensin levels in relation to infection and inflammation. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:309-318. [PMID: 31799742 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To profile gingival tissue levels of human beta-defensin (hBD)-2 and hBD-3 in relation to gingival inflammation, Th17-related cytokine concentrations, Porphyromonas gingivalis counts, and gingipain and total protease activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival tissue and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 21 periodontitis patients including 48 periodontal pocket sites with marginal, mild, or moderate to severe inflammation. hBD levels were determined by immunodetection, P. gingivalis counts with real-time polymerase chain reaction, protease activities with fluorogenic substrates, and cytokine concentrations with Luminex technique. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS Subgingival plaque counts of P. gingivalis (p = .001) and gingipain activity (p < .001), as well as interleukin (IL)-1β (p = .012), IL-10 (p = .024), IL-17A (p = .002), IL-17F (p = .006), and IL-23 (p = .036) concentrations were elevated in severely inflamed sites, whereas no change was observed in hBD-2 and hBD-3 levels. Negative correlations were found between protease activity and hBD-2 (p = .033) and hBD-3(p = .003) levels. CONCLUSIONS Shift in gingival inflammation from marginal to mild stage is related to elevations in subgingival plaque P. gingivalis counts and gingipain activity, but not to tissue hBD levels. Negative correlations between hBDs and total protease activity suggest the degradation of these antimicrobial peptides in progressed inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Özdemir
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feriha Caglayan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nermin Yamalik
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dareen Fteita
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Güliz N Güncü
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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14
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Jourdain M, Velard F, Pierrard L, Sergheraert J, Gangloff SC, Braux J. Cationic antimicrobial peptides and periodontal physiopathology: A systematic review. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:589-600. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Laure Jourdain
- EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux" (BIOS) Université de Reims‐Champagne‐Ardenne Reims France
- UFR Odontologie Reims France
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco‐Dentaire CHU de Reims Reims France
| | - Frédéric Velard
- EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux" (BIOS) Université de Reims‐Champagne‐Ardenne Reims France
- UFR Odontologie Reims France
| | - Loïc Pierrard
- UFR Odontologie Reims France
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco‐Dentaire CHU de Reims Reims France
| | - Johan Sergheraert
- UFR Odontologie Reims France
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco‐Dentaire CHU de Reims Reims France
| | - Sophie C. Gangloff
- EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux" (BIOS) Université de Reims‐Champagne‐Ardenne Reims France
- UFR Pharmacie Reims France
| | - Julien Braux
- EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux" (BIOS) Université de Reims‐Champagne‐Ardenne Reims France
- UFR Odontologie Reims France
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco‐Dentaire CHU de Reims Reims France
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15
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Dommisch H, Skora P, Hirschfeld J, Olk G, Hildebrandt L, Jepsen S. The guardians of the periodontium—sequential and differential expression of antimicrobial peptides during gingival inflammation. Results from in vivo and in vitro studies. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:276-285. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic DentistryCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Oral Health SciencesUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Philipp Skora
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Josefine Hirschfeld
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
- College of Medical and Dental SciencesPeriodontal Research GroupUniversity of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Gabriela Olk
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Laura Hildebrandt
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
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16
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Jourdain ML, Pierrard L, Kanagaratnam L, Velard F, Sergheraert J, Lefèvre B, Gangloff SC, Braux J. Antimicrobial peptide gene expression in periodontitis patients: A pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:524-537. [PMID: 29446150 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the most active components of innate immunity and have characteristics that could place them at the heart of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. This study investigated differences in the expression of AMP coding genes obtained using a simple harvesting technique, gingival smear, between two groups of patients: chronic periodontitis subjects versus healthy ones. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three patients were enrolled in two groups: 12 were diagnosed with moderate or severe generalized chronic periodontitis, and 11 were diagnosed as clinically healthy. Gingival smears were retrieved and studied using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) after mRNA purification. RESULTS Fifteen gene expressions were obtained using real-time RT-qPCR. Three AMP genes, histatin 3 (HTN3), α-defensin 4 (DEFA4) and lysozyme C (LYZ), presented different expression levels in periodontitis patients compared with healthy subjects. The relative expression level of DEFA4 appeared to be a protective factor against periodontitis. CONCLUSION Gingival smears studied by RT-qPCR may be used to assess the expression of AMPs coding genes. A lack of expression of DEFA4 could be a potential indicator of periodontitis status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Jourdain
- EA 4691 Biomatériaux et inflammation en site osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,UFR Odontologie, Reims, France.,Pôle Odontologie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Loïc Pierrard
- UFR Odontologie, Reims, France.,Pôle Odontologie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France.,EA 3797 Santé Publique, Vieillissement, Qualité de Vie et Réadaptation des Sujets Fragiles, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Lukshe Kanagaratnam
- Pôle Odontologie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France.,EA 3797 Santé Publique, Vieillissement, Qualité de Vie et Réadaptation des Sujets Fragiles, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Frédéric Velard
- EA 4691 Biomatériaux et inflammation en site osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,UFR Odontologie, Reims, France
| | - Johan Sergheraert
- EA 4691 Biomatériaux et inflammation en site osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Pôle Odontologie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Benoît Lefèvre
- UFR Odontologie, Reims, France.,Pôle Odontologie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Sophie C Gangloff
- EA 4691 Biomatériaux et inflammation en site osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Julien Braux
- EA 4691 Biomatériaux et inflammation en site osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,UFR Odontologie, Reims, France.,Pôle Odontologie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
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17
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Belstrøm D, Damgaard C, Könönen E, Gürsoy M, Holmstrup P, Gürsoy UK. Salivary cytokine levels in early gingival inflammation. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1364101. [PMID: 28839521 PMCID: PMC5560406 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1364101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary protein levels have been studied in periodontitis. However, there is lack of information on salivary cytokine levels in early gingival inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine salivary levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in gingival inflammation. Twenty-eight systemically and orally healthy nonsmokers abstained from oral hygiene protocols for 10 days. After that, self-performed cleaning was resumed for 14 days. Plaque and gingival indexes were measured, and saliva samples were collected at days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 24. Salivary cytokines were detected with Luminex®-xMAP™. Salivary IL-1β, IL-1Ra, and VEGF levels decreased after 10 days' development of experimental gingivitis and reached baseline levels at the end of the 2-week resolution period. Salivary IL-8 levels decreased and remained low during development and resolution of experimental gingivitis. Initial inflammation in gingival tissues is associated with a decrease in inflammatory cytokines in saliva. Further studies are needed to evaluate if inflammatory cytokines bind to their functional receptors within the gingival tissue during early gingivitis, which may limits their spillover to the gingival crevice and ultimately saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Department of Odontology, Section for Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Department of Odontology, Section for Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Department of Odontology, Section for Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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18
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Belstrøm D, Sembler-Møller ML, Grande MA, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Twetman S, Holmstrup P. Impact of Oral Hygiene Discontinuation on Supragingival and Salivary Microbiomes. JDR Clin Trans Res 2017; 3:57-64. [PMID: 29662960 PMCID: PMC5896869 DOI: 10.1177/2380084417723625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to characterize and compare supragingival and salivary microbiotas during a 10-d period of oral hygiene discontinuation. We tested the hypothesis that the composition of the salivary microbiota will reflect local microbial changes associated with accumulated biofilm formation and maturation. Pooled supragingival plaque (n = 145) and stimulated saliva (n = 145) samples were collected and plaque and gingival indices were recorded from 29 orally healthy individuals at baseline, during oral hygiene discontinuation (days 4, 7, and 10), and 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. Supragingival and salivary microbiotas were processed by next-generation sequencing (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing) and microbial community profiles were compared. Microbial composition of supragingival plaque samples collected after 4, 7, and 10 d of oral hygiene discontinuation, as well as 14 d after reuptake of oral hygiene, differed significantly from baseline samples, by a 3-fold increase in relative abundance Leptotrichia species and a 2-fold decrease in Streptococcus species (adjusted P < 0.01). In saliva samples, a significant increase in relative abundance of Leptotrichia species (adjusted P < 0.01) was evident at day 7 but completely reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. While the salivary microbiota was resistant to accumulated local biofilm formation, data from this study showed that compositional changes of supragingival microbiotas were not reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene, despite the restoration of plaque to baseline levels. (ClinicalTrials.gov UCPH_OI_002, NCT02913235). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Data from this study showed compositional changes of supragingival microbiotas as a consequence of a 10-d period of oral hygiene discontinuation, that was not reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. Notably, oral hygiene discontinuation was associated with a significant increase in relative abundance of potential cariogenic Leptotrichia species and a decrease in Streptococcus species. Thus, findings from this study highlight the necessity of regular oral hygiene in the maintenance of oral homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M L Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M A Grande
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S L Cotton
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Twetman
- Section for Cariology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Oral health challenges in pregnant women: Recommendations for dental care professionals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjdr.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Kashiwagi Y, Takedachi M, Mori K, Kubota M, Yamada S, Kitamura M, Murakami S. High glucose-induced oxidative stress increases IL-8 production in human gingival epithelial cells. Oral Dis 2016; 22:578-84. [PMID: 27171647 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is often associated with increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. We hypothesized that gingival epithelial cells modify periodontal disease progression and predicted that hyperglycemia would activate an inflammatory response in human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested our hypothesis in immortalized HGECs (epi 4 cells) isolated from periodontal tissue and transfected with the simian virus 40 T antigen. The epi 4 cells were cultured in high (25 mM, HG) and normal (6 mM, NG) glucose conditions. RESULTS The epi 4 cells showed increased interleukin-8 (IL-8) protein secretion and mRNA expression when cultured in HG, compared with in NG. These effects were not associated with increased cell proliferation and were not observed in a hyperosmolar control group (normal glucose with 19 mM mannitol). Increased IL-8 secretion in HG was inhibited by pretreatment with an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, or a protein kinase C inhibitor, Ro31-8220. Hyperglycemia did not affect IL-8 secretion by gingival fibroblasts or periodontal ligament cells. In epi 4 cells, hyperglycemia also induced expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) but not TLR4. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a potential participation of epithelial cells in periodontal disease during diabetes by evoking an excessive host inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kashiwagi
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Takedachi
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Mori
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Kubota
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Yamada
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Kitamura
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Murakami
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Peruzzo DC, Gimenes JH, Taiete T, Casarin RCV, Feres M, Sallum EA, Casati MZ, Kantovitz KR, Nociti FH. Impact of smoking on experimental gingivitis. A clinical, microbiological and immunological prospective study. J Periodontal Res 2016; 51:800-811. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Peruzzo
- Division of Periodontics; Department of Oral Pathology; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - T. Taiete
- Division of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. C. V. Casarin
- Department of Periodontics; Paulista University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Feres
- Department of Periodontics; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - E. A. Sallum
- Division of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Z. Casati
- Division of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; São Paulo Brazil
| | - K. R. Kantovitz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. H. Nociti
- Division of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; São Paulo Brazil
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