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Cheng T, Wen P, Yu R, Zhang F, Li H, Xu X, Zhao D, Liu F, Su W, Zheng Z, Yang H, Yao J, Jin L. Integrative microbiome and metabolome profiles reveal the impacts of periodontitis via oral-gut axis in first-trimester pregnant women. J Transl Med 2024; 22:819. [PMID: 39227984 PMCID: PMC11370083 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis results from host-microbe dysbiosis and the resultant dysregulated immunoinflammatory response. Importantly, it closely links to numerous systemic comorbidities, and perplexingly contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Currently, there are limited studies on the distal consequences of periodontitis via oral-gut axis in pregnant women. This study investigated the integrative microbiome-metabolome profiles through multi-omics approaches in first-trimester pregnant women and explored the translational potentials. METHODS We collected samples of subgingival plaques, saliva, sera and stool from 54 Chinese pregnant women at the first trimester, including 31 maternal periodontitis (Perio) subjects and 23 Non-Perio controls. By integrating 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics and clinical traits, we explored the oral-gut microbial and metabolic connection resulting from periodontitis among early pregnant women. RESULTS We demonstrated a novel bacterial distinguisher Coprococcus from feces of periodontitis subjects in association with subgingival periodontopathogens, being different from other fecal genera in Lachnospiraceae family. The ratio of fecal Coprococcus to Lachnoclostridium could discriminate between Perio and Non-Perio groups as the ratio of subgingival Porphyromonas to Rothia did. Furthermore, there were differentially abundant fecal metabolic features pivotally enriched in periodontitis subjects like L-urobilin and kynurenic acid. We revealed a periodontitis-oriented integrative network cluster, which was centered with fecal Coprococcus and L-urobilin as well as serum triglyceride. CONCLUSIONS The current findings about the notable influence of periodontitis on fecal microbiota and metabolites in first-trimester pregnant women via oral-gut axis signify the importance and translational implications of preconceptional oral/periodontal healthcare for enhancing maternal wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfan Cheng
- Division of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ping Wen
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Maternal and Child Health and Diseases, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Maternal and Child Health and Diseases, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Stomatology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Division of Stomatology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Maternal and Child Health and Diseases, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Division of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weilan Su
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jilong Yao
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Lei S, Khan I, Zhang X, Chen T, Xie X, Zheng X, Jianye Z, Li Z. Assessing oral and toothbrush microbial profiles among high-altitude individuals with and without periodontal disease: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:993. [PMID: 39182077 PMCID: PMC11344349 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is the sixth-most common disease worldwide. The oral microbiome composition and its association with Periodontal disease (PD) have been largely explored; however, limited studies have explored the microbial profiles of both oral and toothbrushes in patients with PD. Thus, this study aimed to ascertain the oral and toothbrushes microbial composition in high-altitude populations, hypothesizing that their correlation with periodontal health would differ from those at lower altitudes, potentially indicating links between environmental factors, microbial colonization patterns, and periodontal health in distinct geographic contexts. METHODS In the present study, we enrolled 35 individuals including 21 healthy and 14 diagnosed with PD from the Lhasa region of Tibet, China. Saliva and toothbrush samples were collected from each participant to assess the association between toothbrush usage and oral microbiome with PD using 16 S rRNA gene-specific V3-V4 regions sequencing. To assess the oral and toothbrush microbiome composition and diversity and its possible link to PD. RESULTS Significantly higher Alpha diversity (Shannon index) was observed between the PD group and PD toothbrushes (p = 0.00021) and between the PD group and Healthy toothbrushes (p = 0.00041). The predominant species were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria, with genera Pseudomonas, Veillonella, Neisseria, Acinetobacter, and Haemophilus. In addition, PICRUST2 analysis unveiled 44 significant pathways differentiating the disease and healthy groups, along with 29 pathways showing significant differences between their respective toothbrush microbial profiles. The distinct oral and toothbrush microbial composition among high-altitude populations suggests potential adaptations to the challenges of high-altitude environments. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the importance of tailored dental care strategies, accounting for altitude and racial factors, to effectively manage periodontal health in these communities. Further research is warranted to investigate the specific microbial mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for optimizing oral health in populations across varying altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Lei
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
- Northwest MINZU University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
| | - Ikram Khan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- General Hospital of Xizang Military Region, Lhasa, 850007, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Northwest MINZU University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhou Jianye
- Northwest MINZU University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Northwest MINZU University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Zhang M, Cui Y, Mei X, Li L, Wang H, Li Y, Wu Y. Effect of Dietary Composite Probiotic Supplementation on the Microbiota of Different Oral Sites in Cats. Vet Sci 2024; 11:351. [PMID: 39195805 PMCID: PMC11360156 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics demonstrated effectiveness in modulating oral microbiota and improving oral health in humans and rodents. However, its effects and applications on the oral microbiota of cats remain underexplored. Twelve healthy cats were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) and a composite probiotic group (CPG) for a 42-day trial. The CPG diet included additional supplementation of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, and Lactobacillus casei LC-11, each at approximately 1 × 1010 CFU/kg. On days 0 and 42, microbial samples were collected from the gingiva, tooth surfaces, and tongue of all cats for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla across all oral sites. The CPG treatment enriched seven genera, such as Moraxella, Actinomyces, and Frederiksenia in the gingiva. Meanwhile, Bergeyella and Streptococcus were enriched on the tooth surfaces, while Bergeyella, Flavobacterium, and Luteimonas were enriched on the tongue. Furthermore, the composite probiotic effectively suppressed eight genera, such as Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, and Filifactor in the gingiva of CPG cats, as well as Helcococcus, Lentimicrobium, and Campylobacter on tooth surfaces, and Porphyromonas, Treponema, and Fusibacter on the tongue. These findings suggest that the composite probiotic used in this study modulates the feline oral microbiota by supporting beneficial or commensal bacteria and inhibiting oral pathogens, demonstrating potential to improve oral health in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yingyue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaoying Mei
- Hangzhou Wangmiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311113, China
| | - Longxian Li
- Hangzhou Wangmiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311113, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Jia L. Gut microbial dysbiosis and inflammation: Impact on periodontal health. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38991951 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is widely acknowledged as the most prevalent type of oral inflammation, arising from the dynamic interplay between oral pathogens and the host's immune responses. It is also recognized as a contributing factor to various systemic diseases. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota can significantly alter the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Researchers have delved into the links between periodontitis and systemic diseases through the "oral-gut" axis. However, whether the associations between periodontitis and the gut microbiota are simply correlative or driven by causative mechanistic interactions remains uncertain. This review investigates how dysbiosis of the gut microbiota impacts periodontitis, drawing on existing preclinical and clinical data. This study highlights potential mechanisms of this interaction, including alterations in subgingival microbiota, oral mucosal barrier function, neutrophil activity, and abnormal T-cell recycling, and offers new perspectives for managing periodontitis, especially in cases linked to systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Jia
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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da Costa ALA, Soares MA, Lourenço TGB, Guimarães-Pinto K, Filardy AD, de Oliveira AM, de Luca BG, Magliano DAC, Araujo OMO, Moura L, Lopes RT, Palhares de Miranda AL, Tributino JLM, Vieira Colombo AP. Periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 correlates with colonic leukocytes decrease and gut microbiome imbalance in mice. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38757372 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM Evidence suggests that translocation of oral pathogens through the oral-gut axis may induce intestinal dysbiosis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a highly leukotoxic Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) strain on the gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal integrity and immune system in healthy mice. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL6 mice were divided into control (n = 16) and JP2 groups (n = 19), which received intragastric gavage with PBS and with a suspension of Aa JP2 (HK921), respectively, twice a week for 4 weeks. Colonic lamina propria, fecal material, serum, gingival tissues, and mandibles were obtained for analyses of leukocyte populations, inflammatory mediators, mucosal integrity, alveolar bone loss, and gut microbiota. Differences between groups for these parameters were examined by non-parametric tests. RESULTS The gut microbial richness and the number of colonic macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes were significantly lower in Aa JP2-infected mice than in controls (p < .05). In contrast, infected animals showed higher abundance of Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus taiwanensis, Helicobacter rodentium, higher levels of IL-6 expression in colonic tissues, and higher splenic MPO activity than controls (p < .05). No differences in tight junction expression, serum endotoxin levels, and colonic inflammatory cytokines were observed between groups. Infected animals presented also slightly more alveolar bone loss and gingival IL-6 levels than controls (p < .05). CONCLUSION Based on this model, intragastric administration of Aa JP2 is associated with changes in the gut ecosystem of healthy hosts, characterized by less live/recruited myeloid cells, enrichment of the gut microbiota with pathobionts and decrease in commensals. Negligible levels of colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines, and no signs of mucosal barrier disruption were related to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L A da Costa
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Soares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Laboratory of Studies in Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Talita G B Lourenço
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kamila Guimarães-Pinto
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra D Filardy
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Miranda de Oliveira
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olga M O Araujo
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Nuclear Engineering Program, Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Graduate and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Moura
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Nuclear Engineering Program, Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Graduate and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Nuclear Engineering Program, Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Graduate and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Palhares de Miranda
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge L M Tributino
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Bueno MR, Martins FH, Rocha CM, Kawamoto D, Ishikawa KH, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Carlucci AR, Arroteia LS, Casarin RV, Mayer MPA. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 Ameliorates Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Loss Promoted by A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. gordonii in Mice and Impacts Oral and Gut Microbiomes. Microorganisms 2024; 12:836. [PMID: 38674780 PMCID: PMC11052184 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of probiotics on dysbiotic microbiomes and inflammation are dependent on the tested strain, host factors, and the resident microbiome. There is limited knowledge on the effects of probiotics in A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis. Thus, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 (LA5) was orally inoculated for 30 days in C57Bl/6 mice infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 (Aa) and S. gordonii (Sg). Alveolar bone loss, gingival gene expression, and oral and gut microbiomes were determined. LA5 controlled bone loss in Aa+Sg-infected mice, downregulated the expression of Il-1β and upregulated Il-10 in gingival tissues, and altered the oral and gut microbiomes. LA5 increased the diversity of the oral microbiome of Aa+Sg infected mice, and Aa+Sg and Aa+Sg+LA5 oral or gut microbiomes clustered apart. LA5 induced shifts in Aa+Sg infected mice by increasing the abundance of Muribaculaceae and decreasing Bifidobacteriaceae in the oral cavity and increasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobiae and Eggerthellales in the gut. In conclusion, LA5 oral administration controls experimental Aa-associated periodontitis by altering inflammatory gene expression and the oral and gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela R. Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (F.H.M.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Department of Periodontology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas 13045-755, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando H. Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (F.H.M.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Catarina M. Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (F.H.M.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Karin H. Ishikawa
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Ellen S. Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Aline R. Carlucci
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (F.H.M.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Leticia S. Arroteia
- Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil; (L.S.A.)
| | - Renato V. Casarin
- Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil; (L.S.A.)
| | - Marcia P. A. Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (F.H.M.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
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7
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Baima G, Ferrocino I, Del Lupo V, Colonna E, Thumbigere-Math V, Caviglia GP, Franciosa I, Mariani GM, Romandini M, Ribaldone DG, Romano F, Aimetti M. Effect of Periodontitis and Periodontal Therapy on Oral and Gut Microbiota. J Dent Res 2024; 103:359-368. [PMID: 38362600 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231222800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that periodontitis-related oral bacteria may contribute to gut microbial dysbiosis. This clinical study aimed to explore the oral-gut microbial signatures associated with periodontitis and to longitudinally evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on the oral and gut microbial composition. Stool and saliva samples from generalized stage III/IV periodontitis patients (n = 47) were collected and analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing, before and 3 mo after steps I to II of periodontal therapy. Periodontally healthy matched subjects (n = 47) were used as controls. Principal component analysis was carried out to identify oral-gut microbial profiles between periodontitis patients at baseline and healthy subjects; periodontitis samples were longitudinally compared before and after treatment. β-Diversity of gut microbial profiles of periodontitis patients before treatment significantly differed from healthy controls (P < 0.001). Periodontal therapy was associated with a significant change in gut microbiota (P < 0.001), with post-treatment microbial profiles similar to healthy volunteers. A higher abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Fusobacterium, and Lachnospiraceae was noted in fecal samples of periodontitis patients at baseline compared to healthy controls. In contrast, Lactobacillus was the only genus more abundant in the latter. Additionally, periodontal therapy led to a parallel reduction in the salivary carriage of periodontal pathobionts, as well as gut Bacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae, to levels similar to healthy controls. Collectively, discriminating oral-gut microbial signatures of periodontitis were found. Periodontal treatment both mitigated oral dysbiosis and altered gut microbial composition, signifying potential broader implications for gastrointestinal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - I Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - V Del Lupo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E Colonna
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - V Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G P Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - I Franciosa
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G M Mariani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Romandini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - D G Ribaldone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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8
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Yamazaki K. Oral-gut axis as a novel biological mechanism linking periodontal disease and systemic diseases: A review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:273-280. [PMID: 37674899 PMCID: PMC10477752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that periodontal disease increases the risk of developing and progressing extraoral manifestations such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The most probable causative mechanism behind this is the influx of bacteria and/or bacterial products (endotoxin) and inflammatory cytokines into the systemic circulation originating from inflamed periodontal tissues. However, recent studies have revealed that oral bacteria, especially periodontopathic bacteria, play a role in inducing dysbiosis of the gut microbiota resulting induction of gut dysbiosis-related pathology associated with systemic diseases. Conversely, the disruption of gut microbiota has been shown to have a negative impact on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Based on our study findings and the available literature, this review presents an overview of the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic health, highlighting the mouth-gut connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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9
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Lin YC, Tsai CF, Huang HL. Effects of hypochlorous acid mouthwash on salivary bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus in patients with periodontal disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:698. [PMID: 37770865 PMCID: PMC10540437 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of a low concentration of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) mouthwash on salivary bacteria remained unclear. We aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of 100 ppm HOCl mouthwash on salivary bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in patients with periodontal disease (PD). METHODS Patients with PD were randomized into mouthwash-only (MW, n = 26) and mouthwash with periodontal flosser (MWPF, n = 27) groups. Patients without PD were selected for the control group (n = 30). S. aureus culture and saliva samples (before and after the intervention) were collected for bacterial DNA extraction. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and serial dilutions of S. aureus culture and saliva samples were used to measure the salivary bacteria total count (SBTC) and confirm the antibacterial effects of the mouthwash using S. aureus. RESULTS No significant difference in demographic data was observed among the three groups. Before the intervention, the baseline SBTC of the MW and MWPF groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. After the mouthwash rinses, the SBTC data significantly changed in the MW and MWPF groups only (by 62.4% and 77.4%, respectively). After the base-2 log-transformation of the SBTC data, a similar trend was observed. Linear regression revealed that baseline SBTC and the MWPF intervention significantly affected SBTC reduction percentage by volume. After incubation with 10% (v/v) of mouthwash, the survival rates of 106 and 107 colony-forming units/mL of S. aureus were 0.51% ± 0.06% and 1.42% ± 0.37%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These study results indicated that 100 ppm HOCl mouthwash treatment could effectively reduce SBTC in patients with PD and the abundance of S. aureus. It provides that the HOCl mouthwash can be an option for individuals to help control SBTC, especially in patients with PD. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUHIRB-F(I)-20200042) on 20/03/2020 and retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05372835) on 13/05/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Feng Tsai
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Wenhsin Dental Clinic, 1F, No. 182, Zhongzheng 2nd Rd., Xinxing Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Baima G, Ribaldone DG, Romano F, Aimetti M, Romandini M. The Gum-Gut Axis: Periodontitis and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4594. [PMID: 37760563 PMCID: PMC10526746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis has been linked to an increased risk of various chronic non-communicable diseases, including gastrointestinal cancers. Indeed, dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and immune-inflammatory pathways related to periodontitis may impact the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs through the so-called "gum-gut axis". In addition to the hematogenous spread of periodontal pathogens and inflammatory cytokines, recent research suggests that oral pathobionts may translocate to the gastrointestinal tract through saliva, possibly impacting neoplastic processes in the gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic systems. The exact mechanisms by which oral pathogens contribute to the development of digestive tract cancers are not fully understood but may involve dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, chronic inflammation, and immune modulation/evasion, mainly through the interaction with T-helper and monocytic cells. Specifically, keystone periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are known to interact with the molecular hallmarks of gastrointestinal cancers, inducing genomic mutations, and promote a permissive immune microenvironment by impairing anti-tumor checkpoints. The evidence gathered here suggests a possible role of periodontitis and oral dysbiosis in the carcinogenesis of the enteral tract. The "gum-gut axis" may therefore represent a promising target for the development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mario Romandini
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
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