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Aleksandrowicz K, Hempel D, Polityńska B, Wojtukiewicz AM, Honn KV, Tang DG, Wojtukiewicz MZ. The Complex Role of Thrombin in Cancer and Metastasis: Focus on Interactions with the Immune System. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:462-473. [PMID: 37984359 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin, a pleiotropic enzyme involved in coagulation, plays a crucial role in both procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, initiates platelet activation, and promotes clot formation. Thrombin also activates anticoagulant pathways, indirectly inhibiting factors involved in coagulation. Tissue factor triggers thrombin generation, and the overexpression of thrombin in various cancers suggests that it is involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Increased thrombin generation has been observed in cancer patients, especially those with metastases. Thrombin exerts its effects through protease-activated receptors (PARs), particularly PAR-1 and PAR-2, which are involved in cancer progression, angiogenesis, and immunological responses. Thrombin-mediated signaling promotes angiogenesis by activating endothelial cells and platelets, thereby releasing proangiogenic factors. These functions of thrombin are well recognized and have been widely described. However, in recent years, intriguing new findings concerning the association between thrombin activity and cancer development have come to light, which justifies a review of this research. In particular, there is evidence that thrombin-mediated events interact with the immune system, and may regulate its response to tumor growth. It is also worth reevaluating the impact of thrombin on thrombocytes in conjunction with its multifaceted influence on tumor progression. Understanding the role of thrombin/PAR-mediated signaling in cancer and immunological responses is crucial, particularly in the context of developing immunotherapies. In this systematic review, we focus on the impact of the thrombin-related immune system response on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Aleksandrowicz
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Hempel
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Polityńska
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna M Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Marek Z Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
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2
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Alexander ET, Gilmour SK. Immunomodulatory role of thrombin in cancer progression. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:527-536. [PMID: 35338515 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation proteases and the generation of thrombin are increased in tumors. In addition, chemotherapeutic agents commonly used to treat malignant cancers can exacerbate cancer-associated thromboses. Thrombin can modify tumor cell behavior directly through the activation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) or indirectly by generating fibrin matrices. In addition to its role in generating fibrin to promote hemostasis, thrombin acts directly on multiple effector cells of the immune system impacting both acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Thrombin-mediated release of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 leads to the accumulation of multiple tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cell populations including myeloid derived suppresser cells, M2-like macrophages, and T regulatory cells. Ablation of PAR-1 from the tumor microenvironment, but not the tumor, has been shown to dramatically reduce tumor growth and metastasis in multiple tumor models. Thrombin-activated platelets release immunosuppressive cytokines including transforming growth factor-β that can inhibit natural killer cell activity, helping tumor cells to evade host immunosurveillance. Taken together, there is strong evidence that thrombin influences cancer progression via multiple mechanisms, including the tumor immune response, with thrombin emerging as a target for novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Alexander
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan K Gilmour
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Rovati G, Contursi A, Bruno A, Tacconelli S, Ballerini P, Patrignani P. Antiplatelet Agents Affecting GPCR Signaling Implicated in Tumor Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:725. [PMID: 35203374 PMCID: PMC8870128 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis requires that cancer cells survive in the circulation, colonize distant organs, and grow. Despite platelets being central contributors to hemostasis, leukocyte trafficking during inflammation, and vessel stability maintenance, there is significant evidence to support their essential role in supporting metastasis through different mechanisms. In addition to their direct interaction with cancer cells, thus forming heteroaggregates such as leukocytes, platelets release molecules that are necessary to promote a disseminating phenotype in cancer cells via the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition. Therefore, agents that affect platelet activation can potentially restrain these prometastatic mechanisms. Although the primary adhesion of platelets to cancer cells is mainly independent of G protein-mediated signaling, soluble mediators released from platelets, such as ADP, thromboxane (TX) A2, and prostaglandin (PG) E2, act through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to cause the activation of more additional platelets and drive metastatic signaling pathways in cancer cells. In this review, we examine the contribution of the GPCRs of platelets and cancer cells in the development of cancer metastasis. Finally, the possible use of agents affecting GPCR signaling pathways as antimetastatic agents is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianenrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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4
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Platelet Membrane: An Outstanding Factor in Cancer Metastasis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020182. [PMID: 35207103 PMCID: PMC8875259 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being biological barriers where the internalization or release of biomolecules is decided, cell membranes are contact structures between the interior and exterior of the cell. Here, the processes of cell signaling mediated by receptors, ions, hormones, cytokines, enzymes, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), and vesicles begin. They triggering several responses from the cell membrane that include rearranging its components according to the immediate needs of the cell, for example, in the membrane of platelets, the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia as a tissue repair response. In cancer, the cancer cells must adapt to the new tumor microenvironment (TME) and acquire capacities in the cell membrane to transform their shape, such as in the case of epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the metastatic process. The cancer cells must also attract allies in this challenging process, such as platelets, fibroblasts associated with cancer (CAF), stromal cells, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix itself, which limits tumor growth. The platelets are enucleated cells with fairly interesting growth factors, proangiogenic factors, cytokines, mRNA, and proteins, which support the development of a tumor microenvironment and support the metastatic process. This review will discuss the different actions that platelet membranes and cancer cell membranes carry out during their relationship in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis.
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Yu L, Guo Y, Chang Z, Zhang D, Zhang S, Pei H, Pang J, Zhao ZJ, Chen Y. Bidirectional Interaction Between Cancer Cells and Platelets Provides Potential Strategies for Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:764119. [PMID: 34722319 PMCID: PMC8551800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.764119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential components in the tumor microenvironment. For decades, clinical data have demonstrated that cancer patients have a high risk of thrombosis that is associated with adverse prognosis and decreased survival, indicating the involvement of platelets in cancer progression. Increasing evidence confirms that cancer cells are able to induce production and activation of platelets. Once activated, platelets serve as allies of cancer cells in tumor growth and metastasis. They can protect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) against the immune system and detachment-induced apoptosis while facilitating angiogenesis and tumor cell adhesion and invasion. Therefore, antiplatelet agents and platelet-based therapies should be developed for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional cancer-platelet crosstalk and platelet-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Yu
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiguang Chang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengyang Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanzhong Pei
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Yun Chen
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Ni H, Guo M, Zhang X, Jiang L, Tan S, Yuan J, Cui H, Min Y, Zhang J, Schlisio S, Ma C, Liao W, Nister M, Chen C, Li S, Li N. VEGFR2 inhibition hampers breast cancer cell proliferation via enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:139-154. [PMID: 33628590 PMCID: PMC7877175 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), apart from its predominant roles in angiogenesis, can enhance cancer cell proliferation, but its mechanisms remain elusive. The purpose of the present study was therefore to identify how VEGF regulates cancer cell proliferation. Methods: VEGF effects on cancer cell proliferation were investigated with the VEGF receptor 2 inhibitor, Ki8751, and the breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, using flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, and confocal microscopy. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Results: VEGF blockade by Ki8751 significantly reduced cancer cell proliferation, and enhanced breast cancer cell apoptosis. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed that Ki8751 treatment significantly upregulated the expression of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting the involvement of mitochondrial biogenesis. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometric analyses showed that Ki8751 treatment robustly increased the mitochondrial masses of both cancer cells, induced endomitosis, and arrested cancer cells in the high aneuploid phase. VEGFR2 knockdown by shRNAs showed similar effects to those of Ki8751, confirming the specificity of Ki8751 treatment. Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which induced cancer cell apoptosis. Furthermore, Ki8751 treatment downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt and PGC1α, and translocated PGC1α into the nucleus. The PGC1α alterations increased mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression and subsequently increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusions: VEGF enhances cancer cell proliferation by decreasing Akt-PGC1α-TFAM signaling-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, ROS production, and cell apoptosis. These findings suggested the anticancer potential of Ki8751 via increased mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ni
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Min Guo
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Solna 17164, Sweden
| | - Xuepei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Juan Yuan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - HuanhuanL Cui
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Solna 17164, Sweden
| | - Yanan Min
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Susanne Schlisio
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Shandong University Cheeloo Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Immunology, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Monica Nister
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Solna 17164, Sweden
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuijie Li
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Nailin Li
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
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7
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Sun C, Zhang S, Wang J, Jiang W, Xin Q, Chen X, Zhang Z, Luan Y. EPO enhances the protective effects of MSCs in experimental hyperoxia-induced neonatal mice by promoting angiogenesis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2477-2487. [PMID: 31035257 PMCID: PMC6519997 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common type of chronic lung disease in infancy; however, there is no effective treatment for it. In the present study, a neonatal mouse BPD model was established by continuous exposure to high oxygen (HO) levels. Mice were divided randomly into 5 groups: control, BPD, EPO, MSCs, and MSCs+EPO. At 2 weeks post-treatment, vessel density and the expression levels of endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) were significantly increased in the MSC+EPO group compared with the EPO or MSCs group alone; moreover, EPO significantly enhanced MSCs proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis ability in vitro. Furthermore, the MSCs could differentiate into cells that were positive for the type II alveolar epithelial cell (AECII)-specific marker surfactant protein-C, but not positive for the AECI-specific marker aquaporin 5. Our present results suggested that MSCs in combination with EPO could significantly attenuate lung injury in a neonatal mouse model of BPD. The mechanism may be by the indirect promotion of angiogenesis, which may involve the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jue Wang
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Qian Xin
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhaohua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yun Luan
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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8
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Asghar S, Parvaiz F, Manzoor S. Multifaceted role of cancer educated platelets in survival of cancer cells. Thromb Res 2019; 177:42-50. [PMID: 30849514 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, the derivatives of megakaryocytes, pose dynamic biological functions such as homeostasis and wound healing. The mechanisms involved in these processes are utilized by cancerous cells for proliferation and metastasis. Platelets through their activation establish an aggregate termed as Tumor cell induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) that aids in establishing a niche for the primary tumor at secondary site while recruiting granulocytes and monocytes. The study of these close interactions between the tumor and the platelets can be exploited as biomarkers in liquid biopsy for early cancer detection, thereby increasing the life expectancy of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Asghar
- Atta-ur -Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan
| | - Fahed Parvaiz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
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9
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Scully D, Naseem KM, Matsakas A. Platelet biology in regenerative medicine of skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13071. [PMID: 29633517 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-based applications such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet releasate have gained unprecedented attention in regenerative medicine across a variety of tissues as of late. The rationale behind utilizing PRP originates in the delivery of key cytokines and growth factors from α-granules to the targeted area, which in turn act as cell cycle regulators and promote the healing process across a variety of tissues. The aim of the present review is to assimilate current experimental evidence on the role of platelets as biomaterials in tissue regeneration, particularly in skeletal muscle, by integrating findings from human, animal and cell studies. This review is composed of 3 parts: firstly, we review key aspects of platelet biology that precede the preparation and use of platelet-related applications for tissue regeneration. Secondly, we critically discuss relevant evidence on platelet-mediated regeneration in skeletal muscle focusing on findings from (i) clinical trials, (ii) experimental animal studies and (iii) cell culture studies; and thirdly, we discuss the application of platelets in the regeneration of several other tissues including tendon, bone, liver, vessels and nerve. Finally, we review key technical variations in platelet preparation that may account for the large discrepancy in outcomes from different studies. This review provides an up-to-date reference tool for biomedical and clinical scientists involved in platelet-mediated tissue regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Scully
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory; Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease; Hull York Medical School; University of Hull; Hull UK
| | - K. M. Naseem
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - A. Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory; Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease; Hull York Medical School; University of Hull; Hull UK
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10
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JUN H, LEI D, QIFANG Y, YUAN X, DEQIN Y. Effects of concentrated growth factors on the angiogenic properties of dental pulp cells and endothelial cells: an in vitro study. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e48. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huan JUN
- Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Dou LEI
- Chongqing Medical University, China
| | | | - Xu YUAN
- Chongqing Medical University, China
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11
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Huan J, Dou L, Yan QF, Yang DQ. [An in vitro study of the angiogenic effects of concentrate growth factor on human umbilical vein endothelial cells]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2018; 36:247-251. [PMID: 29984922 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of concentrate growth factor extracts (CGFe) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. METHODS Concentrate growth factor (CGF) were prepared from the peripheral blood of healthy donors, followed by CGFe. Four groups were designed based on cell culture medium, as follows: 2%CGFe, 5%CGFe, 10%CGFe, and control. The proliferation activity of HUVECs was detected by cell cycle and CCK-8 assays. The migration of HUVECs was detected by scratch assay. The mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) were examined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Results of CCK-8 and cell cycle assays showed that CGFe promoted the proliferation capability of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner, and the data had statistical significance among four groups (P<
0.05). The cell migration assay indicated that CGF accelerated wound closure in a dose-dependent manner after 12 h of culture (P<0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed that CGF upregulated the expression levels of VEGF, CXCR4, and PDGF in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS CGFe can promote the proliferation, migration, and angiogenic differentiation of HUVECs. Thus, CGF might be an appropriate cure for dental pulp revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huan
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China;Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Lei Dou
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China;Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Qi-Fang Yan
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China;Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - De-Qin Yang
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China;Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
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12
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Gresele P, Momi S, Malvestiti M, Sebastiano M. Platelet-targeted pharmacologic treatments as anti-cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:331-355. [PMID: 28707198 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets act as multifunctional cells participating in immune response, inflammation, allergy, tissue regeneration, and lymphoangiogenesis. Among the best-established aspects of a role of platelets in non-hemostatic or thrombotic disorders, there is their participation in cancer invasion and metastasis. The interaction of many different cancer cells with platelets leads to platelet activation, and on the other hand platelet activation is strongly instrumental to the pro-carcinogenic and pro-metastatic activities of platelets. It is thus obvious that over the last years a lot of interest has focused on the possible chemopreventive effect of platelet-targeted pharmacologic treatments. This article gives an overview of the platelet-targeted pharmacologic approaches that have been attempted in the prevention of cancer development, progression, and metastasis, including the application of anti-platelet drugs currently used for cardiovascular disease and of new and novel pharmacologic strategies. Despite the fact that very promising results have been obtained with some of these approaches in pre-clinical models, with the exclusion of aspirin, clinical evidence of a beneficial effect of anti-platelet agents in cancer is however still largely missing. Future studies with platelet-targeted drugs in cancer must carefully deal with design issues, and in particular with the careful selection of patients, and/or explore novel platelet targets in order to provide a solution to the critical issue of the risk/benefit profile of long-term anti-platelet therapy in the prevention of cancer progression and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gresele
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - S Momi
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Malvestiti
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Sebastiano
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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13
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Wojtukiewicz MZ, Hempel D, Sierko E, Tucker SC, Honn KV. Antiplatelet agents for cancer treatment: a real perspective or just an echo from the past? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:305-329. [PMID: 28752248 PMCID: PMC5557869 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association between coagulation and cancer development has been observed for centuries. However, the connection between inflammation and malignancy is also well-recognized. The plethora of evidence indicates that among multiple hemostasis components, platelets play major roles in cancer progression by providing surface and granular contents for several interactions as well as behaving like immune cells. Therefore, the anticancer potential of anti-platelet therapy has been intensively investigated for many years. Anti-platelet agents may prevent cancer, decrease tumor growth, and metastatic potential, as well as improve survival of cancer patients. On the other hand, there are suggestions that antiplatelet treatment may promote solid tumor development in a phenomenon described as "cancers follow bleeding." The controversies around antiplatelet agents justify insight into the subject to establish what, if any, role platelet-directed therapy has in the continuum of anticancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Z Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-025, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Dominika Hempel
- Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Sierko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stephanie C Tucker
- Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Departments of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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14
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Miao X, Rahman MFU, Jiang L, Min Y, Tan S, Xie H, Lee L, Wang M, Malmström RE, Lui WO, Li N. Thrombin-reduced miR-27b attenuates platelet angiogenic activities in vitro via enhancing platelet synthesis of anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:791-801. [PMID: 29442415 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Essentials It is unclear if platelet micro-RNAs can regulate de novo protein synthesis of platelets. Platelet de novo protein synthesis of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) was induced by thrombin. Thrombin stimulation in vitro altered platelet microRNA profiles, including decreased miR-27b. Decreased miR-27b hampers platelet angiogenic activities via enhancing de novo TSP-1 synthesis. SUMMARY Background Platelets can synthesize proteins upon activation. Platelets contain a number of microRNAs (miRNA) and a fully functional miRNA effector machinery. It is, however, unclear if platelet miRNAs can regulate protein synthesis of platelets, and whether the regulation may produce a physiological impact. Objectives To investigate if and how platelet miRNAs regulate de novo syntheses of angiogenic regulators and subsequently modulate platelet angiogenic activities. Methods and Results Microarray-based miRNA profiling showed that thrombin stimulation in vitro down- or up-regulated a number of platelet miRNAs, both in the total platelet miRNAs and in Ago2-associated miRNAs. Among those altered miRNAs, miR-27b was down-regulated in both the total and Ago2-immunoprecipitated miRNA profiles of platelets, which was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Using western blotting assays, we showed that thrombin induced platelet de novo synthesis of thrombospondin-1, and that the level of thrombospondin-1 synthesis could reach a level of 3-5-fold higher than that before thrombin stimulation. With either the platelet precursor megakaryocyte cell line MEG-01 cells or mature platelets, we demonstrated that transfection of miR-27b mimic, but not the negative control of miRNA mimic, markedly reduced thrombospondin-1 protein levels. The latter subsequently enhanced platelet-dependent endothelial tube formation on matrigel. Conclusions Thrombin stimulation in vitro reduces platelet miR-27b levels that may markedly enhance thrombin-evoked platelet de novo synthesis of thrombospondin-1. Elevation of platelet miR-27b by transfection inhibits thrombospondin-1 synthesis, and subsequently enhances platelet pro-angiogenic activities. Hence, platelet activation-dependent reduction of miR-27b levels may represent a novel negative regulatory mechanism of platelet angiogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Miao
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M F-U Rahman
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Jiang
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Y Min
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Tan
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Xie
- Department of Oncology-Pathology and Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - L Lee
- Department of Oncology-Pathology and Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - R E Malmström
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W-O Lui
- Department of Oncology-Pathology and Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Li
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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De Francesco EM, Sotgia F, Clarke RB, Lisanti MP, Maggiolini M. G Protein-Coupled Receptors at the Crossroad between Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis: Old Paradigms and Emerging Concepts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122713. [PMID: 29240722 PMCID: PMC5751314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been implicated in transmitting signals across the extra- and intra-cellular compartments, thus allowing environmental stimuli to elicit critical biological responses. As GPCRs can be activated by an extensive range of factors including hormones, neurotransmitters, phospholipids and other stimuli, their involvement in a plethora of physiological functions is not surprising. Aberrant GPCR signaling has been regarded as a major contributor to diverse pathologic conditions, such as inflammatory, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. In this regard, solid tumors have been demonstrated to activate an angiogenic program that relies on GPCR action to support cancer growth and metastatic dissemination. Therefore, the manipulation of aberrant GPCR signaling could represent a promising target in anticancer therapy. Here, we highlight the GPCR-mediated angiogenic function focusing on the molecular mechanisms and transduction effectors driving the patho-physiological vasculogenesis. Specifically, we describe evidence for the role of heptahelic receptors and associated G proteins in promoting angiogenic responses in pathologic conditions, especially tumor angiogenesis and progression. Likewise, we discuss opportunities to manipulate aberrant GPCR-mediated angiogenic signaling for therapeutic benefit using innovative GPCR-targeted and patient-tailored pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina M De Francesco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria via Savinio, 87036 Rende, Italy.
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK.
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK.
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria via Savinio, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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16
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Liu X, Yu J, Song S, Yue X, Li Q. Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1): a promising molecular target for cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107334-107345. [PMID: 29291033 PMCID: PMC5739818 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PAR-1 is expressed not only in epithelium, neurons, astrocytes, immune cells, but also in cancer-associated fibroblasts, ECs (epithelial cells), myocytes of blood vessels, mast cells, and macrophages in tumor microenvironment, whereas PAR-1 stimulates macrophages to synthesize and secrete thrombin as well as other growth factors, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation, tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of inhibitors targeting PAR-1. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of PAR-1’s role in cancer invasiveness and dissemination, as well as potential therapeutic strategies targeting PAR-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shangjin Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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17
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Yu C, Luan Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Xu C. Suppression of TAFI by siRNA inhibits invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3469-3474. [PMID: 28765963 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), also known as carboxypeptidase B2 (CPB2), is a procarboxypeptidase enzyme. The purpose of the present study was to observe the expression of TAFI in breast cancer (BC) and breast cancer cell (BCC) lines and to investigate the effect of TAFI suppression by small interfering (si)RNA gene silencing on invasion and migration of BCC lines. A significant increase in TAFI level was identified by immunohistochemical analysis in BC tissues compared with normal breast tissues. TAFI suppression also inhibited cell viability, invasion and migration ability as demonstrated by MTT, Transwell chamber, and wound scratch assays, respectively (P<0.05). The data suggested that suppression of TAFI by siRNA inhibits invasion and migration of breast cancer cells and that TAFI may be a new target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yun Luan
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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18
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Platelet releasate promotes breast cancer growth and angiogenesis via VEGF-integrin cooperative signalling. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:695-703. [PMID: 28697175 PMCID: PMC5572171 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Selective platelet release of pro- or anti-angiogenic factors distinctly regulated angiogenesis. We hypothesised that selective release of platelet angiogenic factors could differently regulate tumour growth. Methods: Breast cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell-induced endothelial tube formation in vitro, and tumour growth in vivo were studied in the presence of protease-activated receptor 1-stimulated platelet releasate (PAR1-PR; rich in pro-angiogenic factors) or PAR4-PR (rich in anti-angiogenic factors). Results: The PAR1-PR and PAR4-PR supplementation (10%) similarly enhanced cell proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The cancer cells triggered capillary-like tube formation of endothelial cells that was further enhanced by pro-angiogenic factor-rich PAR1-PR. The VEGF, but not SDF-1α, receptor blockade abolished PAR1-PR/PAR4-PR-enhanced cancer cell proliferation. Integrin blockade by RGDS had identical effects as VEGF inhibition. The Src and ERK inhibition diminished, whereas PI3K and PKC blockade abolished platelet releasate-enhanced cancer cell proliferation. Using a model of subcutaneous implantation of MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice, PAR1-PR enhanced tumour growth more markedly than PAR4-PR, and seemed to achieve the exaggeration by promoting more profound tumour angiogenesis. Conclusions: Platelet releasate increases breast cancer cell proliferation through VEGF–integrin cooperative signalling. Pro-angiogenic factor-rich platelet releasate enhances cancer cell-induced angiogenesis more markedly, and thus exaggerates tumour growth in vivo.
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19
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Wojtukiewicz MZ, Hempel D, Sierko E, Tucker SC, Honn KV. Thrombin-unique coagulation system protein with multifaceted impacts on cancer and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:213-33. [PMID: 27189210 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association between blood coagulation and cancer development is well recognized. Thrombin, the pleiotropic enzyme best known for its contribution to fibrin formation and platelet aggregation during vascular hemostasis, may also trigger cellular events through protease-activated receptors, PAR-1 and PAR-4, leading to cancer progression. Our pioneering findings provided evidence that thrombin contributes to cancer metastasis by increasing adhesive potential of malignant cells. However, there is evidence that thrombin regulates every step of cancer dissemination: (1) cancer cell invasion, detachment from primary tumor, migration; (2) entering the blood vessel; (3) surviving in vasculature; (4) extravasation; (5) implantation in host organs. Recent studies have provided new molecular data about thrombin generation in cancer patients and the mechanisms by which thrombin contributes to transendothelial migration, platelet/tumor cell interactions, angiogenesis, and other processes. Though a great deal is known regarding the role of thrombin in cancer dissemination, there are new data for multiple thrombin-mediated events that justify devoting focus to this topic with a comprehensive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Z Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-025, Bialystok, Poland. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Dominika Hempel
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-025, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Sierko
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-025, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stephanie C Tucker
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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20
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Meikle CKS, Kelly CA, Garg P, Wuescher LM, Ali RA, Worth RG. Cancer and Thrombosis: The Platelet Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 4:147. [PMID: 28105409 PMCID: PMC5214375 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are critical to hemostatic and immunological function, and are key players in cancer progression, metastasis, and cancer-related thrombosis. Platelets interact with immune cells to stimulate anti-tumor responses and can be activated by immune cells and tumor cells. Platelet activation can lead to complex interactions between platelets and tumor cells. Platelets facilitate cancer progression and metastasis by: (1) forming aggregates with tumor cells; (2) inducing tumor growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and invasion; (3) shielding circulating tumor cells from immune surveillance and killing; (4) facilitating tethering and arrest of circulating tumor cells; and (5) promoting angiogenesis and tumor cell establishment at distant sites. Tumor cell-activated platelets also predispose cancer patients to thrombotic events. Tumor cells and tumor-derived microparticles lead to thrombosis by secreting procoagulant factors, resulting in platelet activation and clotting. Platelets play a critical role in cancer progression and thrombosis, and markers of platelet-tumor cell interaction are candidates as biomarkers for cancer progression and thrombosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire K S Meikle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Clare A Kelly
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Priyanka Garg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Leah M Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ramadan A Ali
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Randall G Worth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
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21
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Abstract
Although many studies have demonstrated that components of the hemostatic system may be involved in signaling leading to cancer progression, the potential mechanisms by which they contribute to cancer dissemination are not yet precisely understood. Among known coagulant factors, tissue factor (TF) and thrombin play a pivotal role in cancer invasion. They may be generated in the tumor microenvironment independently of blood coagulation and can induce cell signaling through activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs). PARs are transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by a unique proteolytic mechanism. They play important roles in vascular physiology, neural tube closure, hemostasis, and inflammation. All of these agents (TF, thrombin, PARs—mainly PAR-1 and PAR-2) are thought to promote cancer invasion and metastasis at least in part by facilitating tumor cell migration, angiogenesis, and interactions with host vascular cells, including platelets, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Here, we discuss the role of PARs and their activators in cancer progression, focusing on TF- and thrombin-mediated actions. Therapeutic options tailored specifically to inhibit PAR-induced signaling in cancer patients are presented as well.
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22
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Miao X, Zhang W, Huang Z, Li N. Unaltered Angiogenesis-Regulating Activities of Platelets in Mild Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus despite a Marked Platelet Hyperreactivity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162405. [PMID: 27612088 PMCID: PMC5017716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with platelet dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis. Aim of the study is to investigate if platelet dysfunction might hamper platelet angiogenic activities in T2DM patients. Sixteen T2DM patients and gender/age-matched non-diabetic controls were studied. Flow cytometry and endothelial colony forming cell (ECFC) tube formation on matrigel were used to assess platelet reactivity and angiogenic activity, respectively. Thrombin receptor PAR1-activating peptide (PAR1-AP) induced higher platelet P-selectin expression, and evoked more rapid and intense platelet annexin V binding in T2DM patients, seen as a more rapid increase of annexin V+ platelets (24.3±6.4% vs 12.6±3.8% in control at 2 min) and a higher elevation (30.9±5.1% vs 24.3±3.0% at 8 min). However, PAR1-AP and PAR4-AP induced similar releases of angiogenic regulators from platelets, and both stimuli evoked platelet release of platelet angiogenic regulators to similar extents in T2DM and control subjects. Thus, PAR1-stimulated platelet releasate (PAR1-PR) and PAR4-PR similarly enhanced capillary-like network/tube formation of ECFCs, and the enhancements did not differ between T2DM and control subjects. Direct supplementation of platelets to ECFCs at the ratio of 1:200 enhanced ECFC tube formation even more markedly, leading to approximately 100% increases of the total branch points of ECFC tube formation, for which the enhancements were also similar between patients and controls. In conclusion, platelets from T2DM subjects are hyperreactive. Platelet activation induced by high doses of PAR1-AP, however, results in similar releases of angiogenic regulators in mild T2DM and control subjects. Platelets from T2DM and control subjects also demonstrate similar enhancements on ECFC angiogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Miao
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Zhang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhangsen Huang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nailin Li
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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23
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Huang Z, Miao X, Patarroyo M, Nilsson GP, Pernow J, Li N. Tetraspanin CD151 and integrin α6β1 mediate platelet-enhanced endothelial colony forming cell angiogenesis. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:606-18. [PMID: 26749288 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: Platelet releasates (PRs) enhance endothelial colony forming cell (ECFC) angiogenesis. The impact of platelet membrane components on ECFC angiogenesis was studied by a tube formation assay. Platelets enhanced ECFC angiogenesis more potently than PR, via tetraspanin CD151 and integrin α6β1. Optimal enhancement of ECFC angiogenesis by platelets requires both membrane proteins and PR. SUMMARY BACKGROUND Platelets promote angiogenesis of endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), with the underlying mechanisms not being fully understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate if platelets regulate the angiogenic property of ECFCs via mechanisms beyond platelet-released angiogenic regulators. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial colony forming cells were generated by ECFC-directed cell culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Capillary-like tube formation of ECFCs was assessed using a Matrigel assay. Platelets promoted ECFC tube formation in both basic and complete ECFC medium. Importantly, the ECFC angiogenic responses induced by platelets were stronger than those induced by platelet releasates. Thus, the branching points of ECFC tube formation (30.5 ± 9.0/field, ECFC alone) were increased by platelet releasates (58.2 ± 8.3/field) and even more profoundly by platelets (95.5 ± 17.6/field), indicating that platelet membrane components also promoted ECFC tube formation. The latter was further supported by evidence that fixed platelets did enhance ECFC tube formation. Subsequent experiments revealed that the promotion was dependent on platelet-surface glycoproteins, as removal of sialic acid from platelet glycoproteins by neuraminidase abolished the enhancement. Furthermore, platelet-expressed, but not ECFC-expressed, CD151 was important for the enhancement, as pretreatment of platelets, but not ECFCs, with a CD151-blocking antibody attenuated the effect. Integrin α6β1 on both ECFCs and platelets also participated in platelet-promoted tube formation, as integrin α6 or β1 blockade of either cell type markedly or totally inhibited the phenomenon. Moreover, platelets exerted the enhancement via the Src-PI3K signaling pathway of ECFCs. CONCLUSION Platelet-enhanced ECFC angiogenesis requires platelet tetraspanin CD151 and α6β1 integrin, as well as ECFC α6β1 integrin and Src-PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - X Miao
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Patarroyo
- Department of Dental Medicine, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G P Nilsson
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Pernow
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Li
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Li N. Platelets in cancer metastasis: To help the "villain" to do evil. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:2078-87. [PMID: 26356352 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progress is accompanied by platelet activation and thrombotic complications. Platelets are a dangerous alliance of cancer cells, and are a close engager in multiple processes of cancer metastasis. Platelet adhesion to cancer cells forms a protective cloak that helps cancer cells to escape immune surveillance and natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis. Platelets facilitate tethering and arrest of disseminated cancer cells in the vasculature, enhance invasive potentials and thus extravasation of cancer cells. Moreover, platelets recruit monocytes and granulocytes to the sites of cancer cell arrest, and collaborate with them to establish a pro-metastatic microenvironment and metastatic niches. Platelets also secret a number of growth factors to stimulate cancer cell proliferation, release various angiogenic regulators to regulate tumor angiogenesis and subsequently promote cancer growth and progress. Albeit platelets are helping the "villain" cancer to do evil, the close engagements of platelets in cancer metastasis and progress can be used as the intervention targets for new anti-cancer therapeutic developments. Platelet-targeted anti-cancer strategy may bring in novel anti-cancer treatments that can synergize the therapeutic effects of chemotherapies and surgical treatments of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailin Li
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Etulain J, Mena HA, Negrotto S, Schattner M. Stimulation of PAR-1 or PAR-4 promotes similar pattern of VEGF and endostatin release and pro-angiogenic responses mediated by human platelets. Platelets 2015; 26:799-804. [PMID: 26082997 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2015.1051953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets mediate angiogenesis through the secretion of several factors, including the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the anti-angiogenic endostatin. Although previous findings indicated that these molecules are packed into different alpha-granules and selectively released by specific stimulation of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 or PAR-4, recent evidences are against this hypothesis. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the controversies about the VEGF and endostatin release and the overall angiogenic effect of PARs-stimulated platelets. METHODS VEGF and endostatin were quantified by enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Endothelial proliferation (pNPP assay), wound healing (scratch assay) and tubule formation (matrigel) of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) were determined using supernatants from PAR-1- or PAR-4-stimulated platelets. RESULTS Activation of washed platelets (WPs) by PAR-1- or PAR-4-activating peptide (AP) promoted the VEGF and endostatin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, being PAR-1-AP more potent than PAR-4-AP. The release of both molecules was abrogated by pre-incubation of platelets with PAR antagonists. Activation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with either PAR-1-AP or PAR-4-AP induced a significant VEGF secretion. Quantification of platelet-endostatin secretion was not possible in PRP due to the high levels of plasmatic endostatin vs. platelet content. Releasates from PAR-1- or PAR-4-activated WPs promoted similar pattern of angiogenic responses of HMEC-1 or EPC. Moreover, proliferation of HMEC-1 mediated by PAR-stimulated PRP releasates was delayed and significantly lower compared with that induced by PAR-stimulated WPs. CONCLUSIONS Our results are in contrast with the previously described differential release of VEGF and endostatin induced by the selective PAR-1 or PAR-4 stimulation, and support the notion that while circulating endostatin accounts for the maintenance of a systemic anti-angiogenic state, locally, the release of platelet alpha-granule content promotes angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Etulain
- a Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis , Institute of Experimental Medicine, CONICET-National Academy of Medicine , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - H A Mena
- a Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis , Institute of Experimental Medicine, CONICET-National Academy of Medicine , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - S Negrotto
- a Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis , Institute of Experimental Medicine, CONICET-National Academy of Medicine , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - M Schattner
- a Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis , Institute of Experimental Medicine, CONICET-National Academy of Medicine , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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