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Felipo-Benavent M, Valls M, Monteiro MC, Jávega B, García-Párraga D, Rubio-Guerri C, Martínez-Romero A, O’Connor JE. Platelet phosphatidylserine exposure and microparticle production as health bioindicators in marine mammals. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1393977. [PMID: 38799726 PMCID: PMC11117335 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In human medicine, various pathologies, including decompression sickness, thrombocytopenia, and rheumatoid arthritis, have been linked to changes in cellular microparticles (MP) formation, particularly platelet microparticles (PMP). Similar disorders in marine mammals might be attributed to anthropogenic threats or illnesses, potentially impacting blood PMP levels. Thus, detecting platelet phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and PMP formation could serve as a crucial diagnostic and monitoring approach for these conditions in marine mammals. Our group has developed a methodology to assess real-time PS exposure and PMP formation specifically tailored for marine mammals. This method, pioneered in species such as bottlenose dolphins, beluga whales, walruses, and California sea lions, represents a novel approach with significant implications for both clinical assessment and further research into platelet function in these animals. The adapted methodology for evaluating PS exposure and PMP formation in marine mammals has yielded promising results. By applying this approach, we have observed significant correlations between alterations in PMP levels and specific pathologies or environmental factors. These findings underscore the potential of platelet function assessment as a diagnostic and monitoring tool in marine mammal health. The successful adaptation and application of this methodology in marine mammals highlight its utility for understanding and managing health concerns in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Felipo-Benavent
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Valls
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Céu Monteiro
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Jávega
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
- Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Rubio-Guerri
- Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José-Enrique O’Connor
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Wang J, Wang X, Peng H, Dong Z, Liangpunsakul S, Zuo L, Wang H. Platelets in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Interaction With Neutrophils. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:41-52. [PMID: 38461963 PMCID: PMC11127035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major contributor to liver-related mortality globally. An increasing body of evidence underscores the pivotal role of platelets throughout the spectrum of liver injury and recovery, offering unique insights into liver homeostasis and pathobiology. Alcoholic-associated steatohepatitis is characterized by the infiltration of hepatic neutrophils. Recent studies have highlighted the extensive distance neutrophils travel through sinusoids to reach the liver injury site, relying on a platelet-paved endothelium for efficient crawling. The adherence of platelets to neutrophils is crucial for accurate migration from circulation to the inflammatory site. A gradual decline in platelet levels leads to diminished neutrophil recruitment. Platelets exhibit the ability to activate neutrophils. Platelet activation is heightened upon the release of platelet granule contents, which synergistically activate neutrophils through their respective receptors. The sequence culminates in the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps intensifies liver damage, fosters inflammatory immune responses, and triggers hepatotoxic processes. Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of alcohol-associated steatohepatitis, and the roles of neutrophils in ALD pathogenesis have been studied extensively, however, the involvement of platelets in ALD has received little attention. The current review consolidates recent findings on the intricate and diverse roles of platelets and neutrophils in liver pathophysiology and in ALD. Potential therapeutic strategies are highlighted, focusing on targeting platelet-neutrophil interactions and activation in ALD. The anticipation is that innovative methods for manipulating platelet and neutrophil functions will open promising avenues for future ALD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianda Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haodong Peng
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zijian Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Li Zuo
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Artemenko EO, Obydennyi SI, Troyanova KS, Novichkova GA, Nechipurenko DY, Panteleev MA. Adhesive properties of plasma-circulating and platelet-derived microvesicles from healthy individuals. Thromb Res 2024; 233:119-126. [PMID: 38039724 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvesicles (MVs) produced by platelets upon activation possess high procoagulant activity and represent a possible thrombotic risk marker. However, direct experimental evaluation of the adhesive properties of MVs and their potential role in thrombus growth is lacking. OBJECTIVES We investigated integrin αIIbβ3 status and adhesive properties of plasma-circulating and platelet-derived MVs from healthy individuals. METHODS MVs were isolated from whole blood or produced from activated platelets. Flow cytometry was used for quantification of fluorescently labeled PAC-1 and fibrinogen binding to MVs. Confocal microscopy was used for evaluation of MVs adhesion to fibrinogen and for estimation of their involvement in whole blood thrombus formation in a parallel-plate flow chambers under arterial shear conditions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Neither circulating plasma MVs, nor platelet-activation-produced MVs bound PAC-1. However, both types of MVs specifically and weakly bound fibrinogen (about 400 molecules of bound fibrinogen per MV versus >100,000 per non-procoagulant activated platelet). Still, the MVs did not adhere stably to the immobilized fibrinogen. Both types of MVs were weakly incorporated into a thrombus and did not affect thrombus formation: average thrombus height in the recalcified whole blood in the presence of platelet-activation-produced MVs was 4.19 ± 1.38 μm versus 4.87 ± 1.72 μm (n = 6, p > 0.05) in the control experiments. This suggests that MVs present in plasma of healthy individuals are not likely to be directly involved in thrombus formation under arterial flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Artemenko
- Centre for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia; National Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S I Obydennyi
- Centre for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia; National Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - K S Troyanova
- Centre for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G A Novichkova
- National Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Y Nechipurenko
- Centre for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia; National Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Panteleev
- Centre for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia; National Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Felipo-Benavent M, O'Connor JE, Álvaro-Álvarez T, Valls-Torres M, Rojo C, García-Párraga D, Martínez-Romero A, Rubio-Guerri C. Monitoring platelet function in marine mammals: Intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization as a biomarker of platelet activation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:105080. [PMID: 37844676 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Platelet functionality plays a crucial role in marine mammals. Alterations in platelet function can result from stress, pathologies, or exposure to xenobiotics, among others. The early detection of platelet function abnormalities is essential in these species to prevent advanced pathology and mitigate potential risks. Our main objective was to establish a range of physiological values of platelet function in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), sea lions (Otaria flavescens) and walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). Intraplatelet Ca2+ mobilization using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as a platelet agonist was used as a platelet function biomarker, adapting the methodology previously described by us in dolphins (Felipo-Benavent et al., 2022) to the rest of the species. The assay was also adapted to a seal (Phoca vitulina). Numerical indicators of intraplatelet Ca2+ mobilization kinetics were established, and statistical analyses were performed to compare the effects of species, sex, age, aquarium and species. Significant differences were observed between species, being the platelets of the sea lions the more reactive to the agonist. This work demonstrates the usefulness of this assay in the diagnosis or monitoring of animals with hemostatic diseases, showing two clinical cases in which intraplatelet calcium mobilization values were altered in marine mammals suffering haemorrhages. This assay may also serve as a means to monitor environmental changes and their potential impact on the health of marine mammal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Felipo-Benavent
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Alfara del Patriarca, 46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Enrique O'Connor
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Álvaro-Álvarez
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Valls-Torres
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Rojo
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain; Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Martínez-Romero
- Cytomics Technological Service, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Rubio-Guerri
- Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
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5
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Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are a subset of EVs that are released from platelets, which are small nuclear cell fragments that play a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis. PEVs have been shown to have important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer. Recently, researchers, including our group have utilized PEVs as drug delivery platforms as PEVs could target inflammatory sites both passively and actively. This review summarizes the biological function of PEVs, introduces recent applications of PEVs in targeted drug delivery, and provides an outlook for the further development of utilizing PEVs for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Yao
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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6
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Jacob V, Lambour A, Swinyard B, Zerbib Y, Diouf M, Soudet S, Brochot E, Six I, Maizel J, Slama M, Guillaume N. Annexin-V positive extracellular vesicles level is increased in severe COVID-19 disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1186122. [PMID: 37332749 PMCID: PMC10272544 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1186122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate extracellular vesicles levels in a cohort of SARS-CoV-2's patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit with and without COVID-19 associated thromboembolic events. Methods In this study, we aim to assess endothelial and platelet membrane-derived extracellular vesicles levels in a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 patients with and without COVID-19-associated thromboembolic events who were hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Annexin-V positive extracellular vesicles levels were prospectively assessed by flow cytometry in one hundred twenty-three critically ill adults diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection, ten adults diagnosed for moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection and 25 healthy volunteers. Results On our critically ill patients, thirty-four patients (27.6%) had a thromboembolic event, Fifty-three (43%) died. Endothelial and platelet membrane-derived extracellular vesicles were drastically increased in SARS-CoV-2 patients hospitalized in the ICU compared to healthy volunteers. Moreover a slighty higher small/large ratio for platelets membrane-derived extracellular vesicles in patients was linked to thrombo-embolic events. Conclusion A comparison between total annexin-V positive extracellular vesicles levels in severe and moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection and healthy controls showed a significant increase in patients with severe infection and their sizes could be considered as biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 associated thrombo-embolic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Jacob
- Department of Human Biology Center, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
- EA HEMATIM 4666, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Alexis Lambour
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Benjamin Swinyard
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Yoann Zerbib
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Momar Diouf
- Department of Statistics, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Simon Soudet
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Etienne Brochot
- Department of Human Biology Center, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
- AGIR Research Unit, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Isabelle Six
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Julien Maizel
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Michel Slama
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Nicolas Guillaume
- Department of Human Biology Center, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
- EA HEMATIM 4666, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
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Cacic D, Hervig T, Reikvam H. Platelets for advanced drug delivery in cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:673-688. [PMID: 37212640 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2217378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer-related drug expenses are rising with the increasing cancer incidence and cost may represent a severe challenge for drug access for patients with cancer. Consequently, strategies for increasing therapeutic efficacy of already available drugs may be essential for the future health-care system. AREAS COVERED In this review, we have investigated the potential for the use of platelets as drug-delivery systems. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant papers written in English and published up to January 2023. Papers were included at the authors' discretion to reflect an overview of state of the art. EXPERT OPINION It is known that cancer cells interact with platelets to gain functional advantages including immune evasion and metastasis development. This platelet-cancer interaction has been the inspiration for numerous platelet-based drug delivery systems using either drug-loaded or drug-bound platelets, or platelet membrane-containing hybrid vesicles combining platelet membranes with synthetic nanocarriers. Compared to treatment with free drug or synthetic drug vectors, these strategies may improve pharmacokinetics and selective cancer cell targeting. There are multiple studies showing improved therapeutic efficacy using animal models, however, no platelet-based drug delivery systems have been tested in humans, meaning the clinical relevance of this technology remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cacic
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tor Hervig
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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8
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Pan Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu S, Jiang F, Han Y, Hu M, Liu Z. Platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs) in cancer progression and clinical applications. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:873-881. [PMID: 36417084 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs), the microvesicles with the highest concentration in the bloodstream, play a key role in the regulation of hemostasis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. PMVs have recently been identified as key factors in the link between platelets and cancer. PMVs bind to both cancer cells and nontransformed cells in the microenvironment of the tumor, and then transfer platelet-derived contents to the target cell. These contents have the potential to either stimulate or modulate the target cell's response. PMVs are encased in a lipid bilayer that contains surface proteins and lipids as well as components found inside the PMV. Each of these components participates in known and potential PMV roles in cancer. The complicated roles played by PMVs in the onset, development, and progression of cancer and cancer-related comorbidities are summarized in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, 100 Minjiang Road, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjian Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shoufang Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feiyu Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yetao Han
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengsi Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
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Li H, Jiang W, Zhang SR, Li PC, Li TJ, Jin W, Xu HX, Yu XJ, Liu L. The platelet pannexin 1-IL-1β axis orchestrates pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis. Oncogene 2023; 42:1453-1465. [PMID: 36922676 PMCID: PMC10015141 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the protumor mechanisms of platelets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Serum samples were collected from 656 PDAC patients and 3105 healthy people, and a Panx1 knockout tumor model and an adoptive platelet transfusion mouse model were established. We showed that the blood platelet counts were not significantly different between stage III/IV and stage I/II patients, while the number of the CD41+/CD62P+ platelets was significantly elevated in stage III/IV patients, indicating that CD41+/CD62P+ platelets are associated with a poor prognosis. Further analysis showed that a high level of CD41+/CD62P+ platelets was significantly correlated with microvascular invasion (P = 0.002), advanced 8th edition AJCC stage (P < 0.001), and a high CA19-9 level (P = 0.027) and independently predicted a poor prognosis for resectable I/II PDAC. Furthermore, we found significantly higher Panx1 expression in CD41+/CD62P+ platelets than in CD41+/CD62P- platelets in PDAC patients. Mechanistically, Panx1 was able to enhance IL-1β secretion in CD41+/CD62P+ platelets by phosphorylating p38 MAPK and consequently promoted the invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells. Finally, we synthesized a novel compound named PC63435 by the ligation of carbenoxolone (a Panx1 inhibitor) and PSGL-1 (a CD62P ligand). PC63435 specifically bound to CD41+/CD62P+ platelets, then blocked the Panx1/IL-1β pathway and reduced the proportion of CD41+/CD62P+ platelets, which suppressed PDAC tumor invasion and metastasis in vivo. These results demonstrated that the Panx1/IL-1β axis in CD41+/CD62P+ platelets enhanced PDAC cell malignancy and that this axis may be a promising target for PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Wang Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Shi-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Tian-Jiao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Hua-Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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Bioprotective role of platelet-derived microvesicles in hypothermia: Insight into the differential characteristics of peripheral and splenic platelets. Thromb Res 2023; 223:155-167. [PMID: 36758284 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most platelets are present in peripheral blood, but some are stored in the spleen. Because the tissue environments of peripheral blood vessels and the spleen are quite distinct, the properties of platelets present in each may also differ. However, no studies have addressed this difference. We previously reported that hypothermia activates splenic platelets, but not peripheral blood platelets, whose biological significance remains unknown. In this study, we focused on platelet-derived microvesicles (PDMVs) and analyzed their biological significance connected to intrasplenic platelet activation during hypothermia. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were placed in an environment of -20 °C, and their rectal temperature was decreased to 15 °C to model hypothermia. Platelets and skeletal muscle tissue were collected and analyzed for their interactions. RESULTS Transcriptomic changes between splenic and peripheral platelets were greater in hypothermic mice than in normal mice. Electron microscopy and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that platelets activated in the spleen by hypothermia internalized transcripts, encoding tissue repairing proteins, into PDMVs and released them into the plasma. Plasma microvesicles from hypothermic mice promoted wound healing in the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12. Skeletal muscles in hypothermic mice were damaged but recovered within 24 h after rewarming. However, splenectomy delayed recovery from skeletal muscle injury after the mice were rewarmed. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PDMVs released from activated platelets in the spleen play an important role in the repair of skeletal muscle damaged by hypothermia.
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Tiwari-Heckler S, Lee GR, Harbison J, Ledderose C, Csizmadia E, Melton D, Zhang Q, Junger W, Chen G, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE, Longhi MS, Robson SC. Extracellular mitochondria drive CD8 T cell dysfunction in trauma by upregulating CD39. Thorax 2023; 78:151-159. [PMID: 35613855 PMCID: PMC9691787 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The increased mortality and morbidity seen in critically injured patients appears associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and immune dysfunction, which ultimately predisposes to infection. Mitochondria released by injury could generate danger molecules, for example, ATP, which in turn would be rapidly scavenged by ectonucleotidases, expressed on regulatory immune cells. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between circulating mitochondria, purinergic signalling and immune dysfunction after trauma. METHODS We tested the impact of hepatocyte-derived free mitochondria on blood-derived and lung-derived CD8 T cells in vitro and in experimental mouse models in vivo. In parallel, immune phenotypic analyses were conducted on blood-derived CD8 T cells obtained from trauma patients. RESULTS Isolated intact mitochondria are functional and generate ATP ex vivo. Extracellular mitochondria perturb CD8+ T cells in co-culture, inducing select features of immune exhaustion in vitro. These effects are modulated by scavenging ATP, modelled by addition of apyrase in vitro. Injection of intact mitochondria into recipient mice markedly upregulates the ectonucleotidase CD39, and other immune checkpoint markers in circulating CD8+ T cells. We note that mice injected with mitochondria, prior to instilling bacteria into the lung, exhibit more severe lung injury, characterised by elevated neutrophil influx and by changes in CD8+ T cell cytotoxic capacity. Importantly, the development of SIRS in injured humans, is likewise associated with disordered purinergic signalling and CD8 T cell dysfunction. CONCLUSION These studies in experimental models and in a cohort of trauma patients reveal important associations between extracellular mitochondria, aberrant purinergic signalling and immune dysfunction. These pathogenic factors with immune exhaustion are linked to SIRS and could be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Tiwari-Heckler
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg Medical Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ghee Rye Lee
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Harbison
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carola Ledderose
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Melton
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Wolfgang Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guanqing Chen
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon Christopher Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Harper MT. Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Arterial Thrombosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:259-275. [PMID: 37603285 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are necessary for normal haemostasis but also form life-threatening arterial thrombi when atherosclerotic plaques rupture. Activated platelets release many extracellular vesicles during thrombosis. Phosphatidylserine-exposing microparticles promote coagulation. Small exosomes released during granule secretion deliver cargoes including microRNAs to cells throughout the cardiovascular system. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which platelets release these extracellular vesicles, together with the possibility of inhibiting this release as an antithrombotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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He Y, Wu Q. The Effect of Extracellular Vesicles on Thrombosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s12265-022-10342-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular events caused by acute thrombosis is high, including acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, acute pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the roles of extracellular vesicles of different cellular origins in various cardiovascular events associated with acute thrombosis, as described in the current literature, to facilitate the future development of a precise therapy for thrombosis caused by such vesicles. We hope that our review will indicate a new horizon in the field of cardiovascular research with regard to the treatment of acute thrombosis, especially targeting thrombosis caused by extracellular vesicles secreted by individual cells. As more emerging technologies are being developed, new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies related to EVs are expected to be identified for related diseases in the future.
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14
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A familial case of MYH9 gene mutation associated with multiple functional and structural platelet abnormalities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19975. [PMID: 36404341 PMCID: PMC9676191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MYH9 gene result in macrothrombocytopenia often associated with hemorrhages. Here, we studied the function and structure of platelets in three family members with a heterozygous mutation R1933X in the MYH9 gene, characteristic of closely related disorders known as the May-Hegglin anomaly and Sebastian syndrome. The examination included complete blood count, blood smear microscopy, platelet flow cytometry (expression of P-selectin and active integrin αIIbβ3 before and after activation), the kinetics of platelet-driven contraction (retraction) of blood clots, as well as scanning/transmission electron microscopy of platelets. Despite severe thrombocytopenia ranging (36-86) × 109/l, none of the patients had hemorrhages at the time of examination, although they had a history of heavy menstruation, spontaneous ecchymosis, and postpartum hemorrhage. Flow cytometry showed background platelet activation, revealed by overexpression of P-selectin and active αIIbβ3 integrin above normal levels. After TRAP-induced stimulation, the fractions of platelets expressing P-selectin in the proband and her sister were below normal response, indicating partial platelet refractoriness. The initiation of clot contraction was delayed. Electron microscopy revealed giant platelets with multiple filopodia and fusion of α-granules with dilated open canalicular system, containing filamentous and vesicular inclusions. The novel concept implies that the R1933X mutation in the MYH9 gene is associated not only with thrombocytopenia, but also with qualitative structural and functional defects in platelets. Platelet dysfunction includes impaired contractility, which can disrupt the compaction of hemostatic clots, making the clots weak and permeable, therefore predisposing patients with MYH9 gene mutations to the hemorrhagic phenotype.
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15
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Dai Z, Zhao T, Song N, Pan K, Yang Y, Zhu X, Chen P, Zhang J, Xia C. Platelets and platelet extracellular vesicles in drug delivery therapy: A review of the current status and future prospects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1026386. [PMID: 36330089 PMCID: PMC9623298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are blood cells that are primarily produced by the shedding of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Platelets participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in vivo, including hemostasis, thrombosis, immune-inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis. Platelets have been widely used for targeted drug delivery therapies for treating various inflammatory and tumor-related diseases. Compared to other drug-loaded treatments, drug-loaded platelets have better targeting, superior biocompatibility, and lower immunogenicity. Drug-loaded platelet therapies include platelet membrane coating, platelet engineering, and biomimetic platelets. Recent studies have indicated that platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) may have more advantages compared with traditional drug-loaded platelets. PEVs are the most abundant vesicles in the blood and exhibit many of the functional characteristics of platelets. Notably, PEVs have excellent biological efficacy, which facilitates the therapeutic benefits of targeted drug delivery. This article provides a summary of platelet and PEVs biology and discusses their relationships with diseases. In addition, we describe the preparation, drug-loaded methods, and specific advantages of platelets and PEVs targeted drug delivery therapies for treating inflammation and tumors. We summarize the hot spots analysis of scientific articles on PEVs and provide a research trend, which aims to give a unique insight into the development of PEVs research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqiu Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Tingxiao Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xunbin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Chen, ; Jun Zhang, ; Chen Xia,
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Chen, ; Jun Zhang, ; Chen Xia,
| | - Chen Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Chen, ; Jun Zhang, ; Chen Xia,
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16
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Liu L, Deng QJ. Role of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in traumatic brain injury-induced coagulopathy and inflammation. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2102-2107. [PMID: 35259815 PMCID: PMC9083154 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are composed of fragments of exfoliated plasma membrane, organelles or nuclei and are released after cell activation, apoptosis or destruction. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are the most abundant type of extracellular vesicle in the blood of patients with traumatic brain injury. Accumulated laboratory and clinical evidence shows that platelet-derived extracellular vesicles play an important role in coagulopathy and inflammation after traumatic brain injury. This review discusses the recent progress of research on platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in coagulopathy and inflammation and the potential of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles as therapeutic targets for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan-Jun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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17
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Chaudhary S, Rai P, Joshi A, Yadav P, Sesham K, Kumar S, Mridha AR, Baitha U, Nag TC, Soni KD, Trikha A, Yadav SC. Ultracellular Imaging of Bronchoalveolar Lavage from Young COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities Showed Greater SARS-COV-2 Infection but Lesser Ultrastructural Damage Than the Older Patients. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-25. [PMID: 36065953 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the cellular infectivity and ultrastructural changes due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the various cells of bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) from intubated patients of different age groups (≥60 years and <60 years) and with common comorbidities such as diabetes, liver and kidney diseases, and malignancies. BALF of 79 patients (38 cases >60 and 41 cases <60 years) were studied by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the ultrastructural changes in the ciliated epithelium, type II pneumocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and anucleated granulocytes. This study demonstrated relatively a greater infection and better preservation of subcellular structures in these cells from BALF of younger patients (<60 years compared with the older patients (≥60 years). The different cells of BALF from the patients without comorbidities showed higher viral load compared with the patients with comorbidities. Diabetic patients showed maximum ultrastructural damage in BALF cells in the comorbid group. This study highlights the comparative effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the different airway and inflammatory cells of BALF at the subcellular levels among older and younger patients and in patients with comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Chaudhary
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Preeti Rai
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Arti Joshi
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kishore Sesham
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kapil Dev Soni
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care, JPN Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anjan Trikha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Yadav
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
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18
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Al-Koussa H, AlZaim I, El-Sabban ME. Pathophysiology of Coagulation and Emerging Roles for Extracellular Vesicles in Coagulation Cascades and Disorders. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164932. [PMID: 36013171 PMCID: PMC9410115 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of blood coagulation dates back to the ancient Greek civilization. However, the emergence of innovative scientific discoveries that started in the seventeenth century formulated the fundamentals of blood coagulation. Our understanding of key coagulation processes continues to evolve, as novel homeostatic and pathophysiological aspects of hemostasis are revealed. Hemostasis is a dynamic physiological process, which stops bleeding at the site of injury while maintaining normal blood flow within the body. Intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways culminate in the homeostatic cessation of blood loss, through the sequential activation of the coagulation factors. Recently, the cell-based theory, which combines these two pathways, along with newly discovered mechanisms, emerged to holistically describe intricate in vivo coagulation mechanisms. The complexity of these mechanisms becomes evident in coagulation diseases such as hemophilia, Von Willebrand disease, thrombophilia, and vitamin K deficiency, in which excessive bleeding, thrombosis, or unnecessary clotting, drive the development and progression of diseases. Accumulating evidence implicates cell-derived and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which comprise microvesicles (MVs), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, in the modulation of the coagulation cascade in hemostasis and thrombosis. As these EVs are associated with intercellular communication, molecular recycling, and metastatic niche creation, emerging evidence explores EVs as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in thrombotic and prothrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Marwan E. El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-01-350-000 (ext. 4765)
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19
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Eustes AS, Dayal S. The Role of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immune-Mediated Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7837. [PMID: 35887184 PMCID: PMC9320310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) play important roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. There are three major types of PEVs described based on their size and characteristics, but newer types may continue to emerge owing to the ongoing improvement in the methodologies and terms used to define various types of EVs. As the literature on EVs is growing, there are continuing attempts to standardize protocols for EV isolation and reach consensus in the field. This review provides information on mechanisms of PEV production, characteristics, cellular interaction, and their pathological role, especially in autoimmune and infectious diseases. We also highlight the mechanisms through which PEVs can activate parent cells in a feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S. Eustes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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20
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Stone AP, Nikols E, Freire D, Machlus KR. The pathobiology of platelet and megakaryocyte extracellular vesicles: A (c)lot has changed. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1550-1558. [PMID: 35506218 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) were originally studied for their potential as regulators of coagulation, a function redundant with that of their parent cells. However, as the understanding of the diverse roles of platelets in hemostasis and disease has developed, so has the understanding of PEVs. In addition, the more recent revelation of constitutively released megakaryocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (MKEVs) in circulation provides an interesting counterpoint and avenue for investigation. In this review, we highlight the historical link of PEVs to thrombosis and hemostasis and provide critical updates. We also expand our discussion to encompass the roles that distinguish PEVs and MKEVs from their parent cells. Furthermore, the role of extracellular vesicles in disease pathology, both as biomarkers and as exacerbators, has been of great interest in recent years. We highlight some of the key roles that PEVs and MKEVs play in autoimmune blood cell disorders, liver pathology, and cardiovascular disease. We then look at the future of PEVs and MKEVs as candidates for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Stone
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma Nikols
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniela Freire
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Chronic Immune Platelet Activation Is Followed by Platelet Refractoriness and Impaired Contractility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137336. [PMID: 35806341 PMCID: PMC9266422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have a high risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications associated with altered platelet functionality. We studied platelets from the blood of SLE patients and their reactivity. The surface expression of phosphatidylserine, P-selectin, and active integrin αIIbβ3 were measured using flow cytometry before and after platelet stimulation. Soluble P-selectin was measured in plasma. The kinetics of platelet-driven clot contraction was studied, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy of unstimulated platelets. Elevated levels of membrane-associated phosphatidylserine and platelet-attached and soluble P-selectin correlated directly with the titers of IgG, anti-dsDNA-antibodies, and circulating immune complexes. Morphologically, platelets in SLE lost their resting discoid shape, formed membrane protrusions and aggregates, and had a rough plasma membrane. The signs of platelet activation were associated paradoxically with reduced reactivity to a physiological stimulus and impaired contractility that revealed platelet exhaustion and refractoriness. Platelet activation has multiple pro-coagulant effects, and the inability to fully contract (retract) blood clots can be either a hemorrhagic or pro-thrombotic mechanism related to altered clot permeability, sensitivity of clots to fibrinolysis, obstructiveness, and embologenicity. Therefore, chronic immune platelet activation followed by secondary platelet dysfunction comprise an understudied pathogenic mechanism that supports hemostatic disorders in autoimmune diseases, such as SLE.
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22
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Leng Q, Ding J, Dai M, Liu L, Fang Q, Wang DW, Wu L, Wang Y. Insights Into Platelet-Derived MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular and Oncologic Diseases: Potential Predictor and Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879351. [PMID: 35757325 PMCID: PMC9218259 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), represented by cardiovascular diseases and cancer, have been the leading cause of death globally. Improvements in mortality from cardiovascular (CV) diseases (decrease of 14%/100,000, United States) or cancers (increase 7.5%/100,000, United States) seem unsatisfactory during the past two decades, and so the search for innovative and accurate biomarkers of early diagnosis and prevention, and novel treatment strategies is a valuable clinical and economic endeavor. Both tumors and cardiovascular system are rich in angiological systems that maintain material exchange, signal transduction and distant regulation. This pattern determines that they are strongly influenced by circulating substances, such as glycolipid metabolism, inflammatory homeostasis and cyclic non-coding RNA and so forth. Platelets, a group of small anucleated cells, inherit many mature proteins, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs from their parent megakaryocytes during gradual formation and manifest important roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetes, cancer, and many other diseases apart from its classical function in hemostasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs containing ∼22 nucleotides that participate in many key cellular processes by pairing with mRNAs at partially complementary binding sites for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Platelets contain fully functional miRNA processors in their microvesicles and are able to transport their miRNAs to neighboring cells and regulate their gene expression. Therefore, the importance of platelet-derived miRNAs for the human health is of increasing interest. Here, we will elaborate systematically the roles of platelet-derived miRNAs in cardiovascular disease and cancer in the hope of providing clinicians with new ideas for early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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23
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Fatty Acid Fingerprints and Hyaluronic Acid in Extracellular Vesicles from Proliferating Human Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105613. [PMID: 35628422 PMCID: PMC9146557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as conveyors of fatty acids (FAs) and other bioactive lipids and can modulate the gene expression and behavior of target cells. EV lipid composition influences the fluidity and stability of EV membranes and reflects the availability of lipid mediator precursors. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) secrete EVs that transport hyaluronic acid (HA). FLSs play a central role in inflammation, pannus formation, and cartilage degradation in joint diseases, and EVs have recently emerged as potential mediators of these effects. The aim of the present study was to follow temporal changes in HA and EV secretion by normal FLSs, and to characterize the FA profiles of FLSs and EVs during proliferation. The methods used included nanoparticle tracking analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy, sandwich-type enzyme-linked sorbent assay, quantitative PCR, and gas chromatography. The expression of hyaluronan synthases 1-3 in FLSs and HA concentrations in conditioned media decreased during cell proliferation. This was associated with elevated proportions of 20:4n-6 and total n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in high-density cells, reductions in n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios, and up-regulation of cluster of differentiation 44, tumor necrosis factor α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, and PPAR-γ. Compared to the parent FLSs, 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1n-9 were enriched in the EV fraction. EV counts decreased during cell growth, and 18:2n-6 in EVs correlated with the cell count. To conclude, FLS proliferation was featured by increased 20:4n-6 proportions and reduced n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios, and FAs with a low degree of unsaturation were selectively transferred from FLSs into EVs. These FA modifications have the potential to affect membrane fluidity, biosynthesis of lipid mediators, and inflammatory processes in joints, and could eventually provide tools for translational studies to counteract cartilage degradation in inflammatory joint diseases.
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Mallouk N, Garcin A, Li G, Epinat M, Szczepaniak C, Hien OF, Mismetti P, Garnier P. Platelet transmission electron microscopy for the assessment of poor biological response to antiplatelet agent: pilot descriptive and prospective study - ELECTROSTROKE. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e050060. [PMID: 35379612 PMCID: PMC8981285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischaemic stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. Thus, a strategy based on an efficient antiplatelet therapy has been developed. The monitoring of antiplatelet therapy is now limited to high risk and poor prognosis patients. Indeed, the biological monitoring of the antiplatelet therapy with available platelet function assays do not provide a global integrative approach. Platelet transmission electron microscopy, recently validated for assessing distinct ultrastructural abnormalities is a reliable morphological platelet structural analysis tool which could be used to collect all the ultrastructural platelet characteristics and assess the degree of activation of platelets. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Our pilot prospective and descriptive study will include 50 consecutive patients hospitalized for an ischaemic stroke. We expect to identify ultrastructural characteristics that will be correlated with the degree of platelet activation to guide clinicians in decision making regarding the antiplatelet therapy strategy. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The French Ethics Committee (comité de protection des personnes d'Ile-de-France VII) approved the information notice that will be given to participants and the protocol of this trial (protocol No 21-031).The results of the trial will be disseminated through scientific publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05004233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mallouk
- Faculté de Médecine - CMES, Université Jean Monnet-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Sainbiose INSERM U1059 Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Arnauld Garcin
- Clinical Research Unit Innovation and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guorong Li
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Magali Epinat
- Neurovascular Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Claire Szczepaniak
- Centre Imagerie Cellulaire Santé, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ollo Franck Hien
- Faculté de Médecine - CMES, Université Jean Monnet-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- Sainbiose INSERM U1059 Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- Clinical Research Unit Innovation and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Neurovascular Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Pierre Garnier
- Neurovascular Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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25
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Tyagi T, Jain K, Gu SX, Qiu M, Gu VW, Melchinger H, Rinder H, Martin KA, Gardiner EE, Lee AI, Ho Tang W, Hwa J. A guide to molecular and functional investigations of platelets to bridge basic and clinical sciences. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:223-237. [PMID: 37502132 PMCID: PMC10373053 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Platelets have been shown to be associated with pathophysiological process beyond thrombosis, demonstrating critical additional roles in homeostatic processes, such as immune regulation, and vascular remodeling. Platelets themselves can have multiple functional states and can communicate and regulate other cells including immune cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, to serve such diverse functions. Although traditional platelet functional assays are informative and reliable, they are limited in their ability to unravel platelet phenotypic heterogeneity and interactions. Developments in methods such as electron microscopy, flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, and 'omics' studies, have led to new insights. In this Review, we focus on advances in platelet biology and function, with an emphasis on current and promising methodologies. We also discuss technical and biological challenges in platelet investigations. Using coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an example, we further describe the translational relevance of these approaches and the possible 'bench-to-bedside' utility in patient diagnosis and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tyagi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kanika Jain
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sean X Gu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Miaoyun Qiu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Vivian W Gu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hannah Melchinger
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry Rinder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alfred I Lee
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wai Ho Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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26
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Wang Y, Huo T, Tseng YJ, Dang L, Yu Z, Yu W, Foulks Z, Murdaugh RL, Ludtke SJ, Nakada D, Wang Z. Using Cryo-ET to distinguish platelets during pre-acute myeloid leukemia from steady state hematopoiesis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:72. [PMID: 35058565 PMCID: PMC8776871 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the pre-leukemic stage remains a clinical challenge, as pre-leukemic patients show no symptoms, lacking any known morphological or numerical abnormalities in blood cells. Here, we demonstrate that platelets with structurally abnormal mitochondria emerge at the pre-leukemic phase of AML, preceding detectable changes in blood cell counts or detection of leukemic blasts in blood. We visualized frozen-hydrated platelets from mice at different time points during AML development in situ using electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) and identified intracellular organelles through an unbiased semi-automatic process followed by quantitative measurement. A large proportion of platelets exhibited changes in the overall shape and depletion of organelles in AML. Notably, 23% of platelets in pre-leukemic cells exhibit abnormal, round mitochondria with unfolded cristae, accompanied by a significant drop in ATP levels and altered expression of metabolism-related gene signatures. Our study demonstrates that detectable structural changes in pre-leukemic platelets may serve as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Wang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Huo
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Jung Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lan Dang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhili Yu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zachary Foulks
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
- The summer undergraduate research program (SMART program), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca L Murdaugh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven J Ludtke
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- CryoEM/ET core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daisuke Nakada
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Zhao Wang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- CryoEM/ET core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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27
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Rausch L, Lutz K, Schifferer M, Winheim E, Gruber R, Oesterhaus EF, Rinke L, Hellmuth JC, Scherer C, Muenchhoff M, Mandel C, Bergwelt‐Baildon M, Simons M, Straub T, Krug AB, Kranich J, Brocker T. Binding of phosphatidylserine-positive microparticles by PBMCs classifies disease severity in COVID-19 patients. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12173. [PMID: 34854246 PMCID: PMC8636722 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is associated with thromboinflammation, involving thrombotic and inflammatory responses, in many COVID-19 patients. In addition, immune dysfunction occurs in patients characterised by T cell exhaustion and severe lymphopenia. We investigated the distribution of phosphatidylserine (PS), a marker of dying cells, activated platelets and platelet-derived microparticles (PMP), during the clinical course of COVID-19. We found an unexpectedly high amount of blood cells loaded with PS+ PMPs for weeks after the initial COVID-19 diagnosis. Elevated frequencies of PS+ PMP+ PBMCs correlated strongly with increasing disease severity. As a marker, PS outperformed established laboratory markers for inflammation, leucocyte composition and coagulation, currently used for COVID-19 clinical scoring. PS+ PMPs preferentially bound to CD8+ T cells with gene expression signatures of proliferating effector rather than memory T cells. As PS+ PMPs carried programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), they may affect T cell expansion or function. Our data provide a novel marker for disease severity and show that PS, which can trigger the blood coagulation cascade, the complement system, and inflammation, resides on activated immune cells. Therefore, PS may serve as a beacon to attract thromboinflammatory processes towards lymphocytes and cause immune dysfunction in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rausch
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Konstantin Lutz
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (Synergy)MunichGermany
| | - Elena Winheim
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Rudi Gruber
- bene pharmaChem GmbH & Co.KG., GeretsriedGermany
| | - Elina F. Oesterhaus
- COVID‐19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM)University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene CenterVirologyNational Reference Center for RetrovirusesLMU MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Linus Rinke
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Johannes C. Hellmuth
- COVID‐19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM)University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Clemens Scherer
- COVID‐19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM)University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- COVID‐19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM)University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene CenterVirologyNational Reference Center for RetrovirusesLMU MünchenMunichGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)partner site MunichGermany
| | - Christopher Mandel
- COVID‐19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM)University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Medicine IVUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Michael Bergwelt‐Baildon
- COVID‐19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM)University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (Synergy)MunichGermany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell BiologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Core facility BioinformaticsBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Anne B. Krug
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Jan Kranich
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Thomas Brocker
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU MunichMunichGermany
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28
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Ye B, Li F, Chen M, Weng Y, Qi C, Xie Y, Zhang Q, Ding H, Zhang J, Gao X. A panel of platelet-associated circulating long non-coding RNAs as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Genomics 2021; 114:31-37. [PMID: 34843904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has suggested the potential of tumor-educated platelets as a biomarker trove for cancer diagnostics, but the difficulty in isolation limits its application. Since most of the circulating RNAs are derived from platelets, the change of RNA profile in platelets may lead to altered RNA expression in serum. Here, we identified a panel of platelet-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and evaluated its diagnostic capacity in serum of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Four lncRNAs, LNCAROD, SNHG20, LINC00534, and TSPOAP-AS1, were upregulated in both platelets and serum of CRC patients. A binary logistic model derived from them has validated area under roc curve of 0.78 indicating great performance. Furthermore, the expression levels of LNCAROD and TSPOAP-AS1 were correlated with cancer staging and tumor location. Together, our results add novel lncRNA biomarkers to the list of blood tests for CRC diagnostics and provide molecular evidence for the cross-talk between CRC platelets and serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Ye
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fengying Li
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsha Chen
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Weng
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Qi
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Xie
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Huisi Ding
- Kaitai-bio Company, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangwei Gao
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Wang W, Deng Z, Liu G, Yang J, Zhou W, Zhang C, Shen W, Zhang Y. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles promote the migration and invasion of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via CXCR2 signaling. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1120. [PMID: 34504574 PMCID: PMC8383774 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs), which are generated from the plasma membrane during platelet activation, may be involved in the inflammatory processes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The motility of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) plays a key role in the development of synovial inflammation and joint erosion. However, the effects of PEVs on the motility of RA-FLS remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the active contents and potential molecular mechanisms underlying the role of PEVs in regulating the migration and invasion of RA-FLS. The results demonstrated that PEVs contain certain chemokines associated with cell migration and invasion, including C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)4 and CXCL7. Furthermore, SB225002, an antagonist of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2; a CXCL7 receptor), partially prevented the migration and invasion of RA-FLS induced by PEVs, suggesting that PEVs may activate a CXCR2-mediated signaling pathway in RA-FLS. In addition, SB225002 antagonized the phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB in RA-FLS induced by PEVs. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that PEVs may promote the migration and invasion of RA-FLS by activating the NF-κB pathway mediated by the CXCR2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China.,Department of Rheumatology, Nantong City No. 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Zijing Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Guiping Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Weigan Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
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30
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Characterization and Therapeutic Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189701. [PMID: 34575865 PMCID: PMC8468534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous blood products, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), are gaining increasing interest in different fields of regenerative medicine. Although growth factors, the main components of PRP, are thought to stimulate reparation processes, the exact mechanism of action and main effectors of PRP are not fully understood. Plasma contains a high amount of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by different cells, including anucleated platelets. Platelet-derived EVs (PL-EVs) are the most abundant type of EVs in circulation. Numerous advantages of PL-EVs, including their ability to be released locally, their ease of travel through the body, their low immunogenicity and tumourigenicity, the modulation of signal transduction as well as the ease with which they can be obtained, has attracted increased attention n. This review focuses briefly on the biological characteristics and isolation methods of PL-EVs, including exosomes derived from platelets (PL-EXOs), and their involvement in the pathology of diseases. Evidence that shows how PL-EVs can be used as a novel tool in medicine, particularly in therapeutic and regenerative medicine, is also discussed in this review.
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31
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Zifkos K, Dubois C, Schäfer K. Extracellular Vesicles and Thrombosis: Update on the Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179317. [PMID: 34502228 PMCID: PMC8431093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) compose a heterogenous group of membrane-derived particles, including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, which are released into the extracellular environment in response to proinflammatory or proapoptotic stimuli. From earlier studies suggesting that EV shedding constitutes a cellular clearance mechanism, it has become evident that EV formation, secretion and uptake represent important mechanisms of intercellular communication and exchange of a wide variety of molecules, with relevance in both physiological and pathological situations. The putative role of EVs in hemostasis and thrombosis is supported by clinical and experimental studies unraveling how these cell-derived structures affect clot formation (and resolution). From those studies, it has become clear that the prothrombotic effects of EVs are not restricted to the exposure of tissue factor (TF) and phosphatidylserines (PS), but also involve multiplication of procoagulant surfaces, cross-linking of different cellular players at the site of injury and transfer of activation signals to other cell types. Here, we summarize the existing and novel clinical and experimental evidence on the role and function of EVs during arterial and venous thrombus formation and how they may be used as biomarkers as well as therapeutic vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Zifkos
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) 1260, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), F-13380 Marseille, France;
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Zaragozá C, Monserrat J, Mantecón C, Villaescusa L, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Zaragozá F, Álvarez-Mon M. Binding and antiplatelet activity of quercetin, rutin, diosmetin, and diosmin flavonoids. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111867. [PMID: 34229245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets exert an essential role in vascular inflammation and thrombosis. Flavonoids are natural compounds employed for the clinical management of vascular disorders preventing capillary permeability, working as phlebotonics and improving the blood rheology, although their mechanism of action remains partially unknown. The effects of quercetin, rutin, diosmetin and diosmin were investigated in platelet activation utilizing blood from healthy and non-treated volunteers. The arrangement of the different activation states of platelets and GPIIb/IIIa receptor occupation was computed by flow cytometry working with calcium ionophore as pro-aggregant to provoke platelet activation and aggregation. The flavonoids studied demonstrated relevant antiplatelet activity through the blocked of GPIIb/IIIa receptors, the suppression of the platelet activation, as well as the pro-aggregate effect of calcium ionophore. Therefore, whichever of the active ingredients examined could be beneficious in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and this article also contributes to elucidate a new mechanism of action for these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zaragozá
- Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Laboratory of Immune System Diseases and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS). Biomedical Institute for Liver and Gut Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Mantecón
- Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucinda Villaescusa
- Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Laboratory of Immune System Diseases and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS). Biomedical Institute for Liver and Gut Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Zaragozá
- Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Laboratory of Immune System Diseases and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS). Biomedical Institute for Liver and Gut Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Internal Medicine and Rheumatology/Autoimmunity Service, University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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Noulsri E, Lerdwana S, Palasuwan D, Palasuwan A. Cell-Derived Microparticles in Blood Products from Blood Donors Deficient in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase. Lab Med 2021; 52:528-535. [PMID: 33693844 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitate the microparticles (MPs) in whole blood and blood products obtained from blood donors who are deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). METHODS The current study analyzed whole blood and blood components prepared from 49 blood donors with G6PD deficiencies and 98 with G6PD-normal results. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs), platelet concentrate (PC), and plasma were prepared according to transfusion laboratory procedures. MP concentrations were determined using a flow cytometer. RESULTS Blood components prepared from donors with G6PD deficiency were characterized by higher red blood cell-derived MP (RMP) concentration in PRBCs (25,526 vs 18,738 particles/µL) but lower concentrations of platelet-derived MPs (PMPs; in whole blood and PC), leukocyte-derived MPs (LMP; in whole blood and plasma) and total MP (in PC), compared with those from donors with G6PD-normal test results. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that differences in G6PD status may account for variation in RMP levels during processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egarit Noulsri
- Research Division and Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surada Lerdwana
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangdao Palasuwan
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders and Health Task Force, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Attakorn Palasuwan
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders and Health Task Force, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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34
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Sihombing MAEM, Safitri M, Zhou T, Wang L, McGinty S, Zhang HJ, Yin Y, Peng Q, Qiu J, Wang G. Unexpected Role of Nonimmune Cells: Amateur Phagocytes. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:157-171. [PMID: 33439750 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective and efficient efferocytosis of dead cells and associated cellular debris are critical to tissue homeostasis and healing of injured tissues. This important task was previously thought to be restricted to professional phagocytes (PPs). However, accumulating evidence has revealed another type of phagocyte, the amateur phagocyte (AP), which can also participate in efferocytosis. APs are non-myeloid progenitor/nonimmune cells that include differentiated cells (e.g., epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells [ECs]) and stem cells (e.g., neuronal progenitor cells and mesenchymal cells) and can be found throughout the human body. Studies have shown that APs have two prominent roles: identifying and removing dead cells presumably before PPs reach the site of injury and assisting PPs in the removal of cell corpses and the resolution of inflamed tissue. With respect to the engulfment and degradation of dead cells, APs are slower and less efficient than PPs. However, APs are fundamental to preventing the spread of inflammation over a large area. In this review, we present the diversity and characteristics of healthy and non-neoplastic APs in mammals. We also propose a hypothetical mechanism of the efferocytosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-opsonized myelin debris by ECs (APs). Furthermore, the ingestion and clearance of dead cells can induce proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine production, endothelial activation, and cellular fate transition, which contribute to the progression of disease. An understanding of the role of APs is necessary to develop effective intervention strategies, including potential molecular targets for clinical diagnosis and drug development, for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maic Audo Eybi Mayer Sihombing
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maharani Safitri
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sean McGinty
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Intervention, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxia Yin
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Denzhou, China
| | - Qin Peng
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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35
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Balint B, Pavlovic M, Todorovic M. Rapid Cytoreduction by Plateletapheresis in the Treatment of Thrombocythemia. Platelets 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this chapter is to provide a systematic overview of current knowledge regarding therapeutic apheresis—primarily therapeutic plateletapheresis (TP)—and to summarize evidence-based practical approaches related to cytapheresis treatment of “hyperthrombocytosis” or “extreme thrombocytosis” (ETC). Our results of platelet (Plt) quantitative/qualitative analyses and evaluation of efficacy of apheresis systems/devices—on the basis of Plt removal and in vivo Plt depletion—will be presented. Our preclinical researches confirmed that in Plt concentrates, the initial ratio of discoid shapes was 70%, spherical 20%, and less valuable (dendritic/balloonized) shapes 10%—with morphological score of platelets (MSP = 300–400). After storage, the ratio of discoid and spherical shapes was decreased, while the less valuable ones progressively increased (MSP = 200). Electron microscopy has shown discoid shapes with typical ultrastructural properties. Spherical shapes with reduced electron density and peripheral location of granules/organelles were detected. Also, dendritic shapes with cytoskeletal “rearrangement,” membrane system integrity damages, and pseudopodia formations were documented. Our clinical study demonstrated that TP was useful in ETC treatment and should help prevention of “thrombo-hemorrhagic” events—until chemotherapy, antiplatelet drugs, and other medication take effect. During TP treatment, Plt count and morphology/ultrastructure were examined. Plt functions by multiplate analyzer were evaluated. We concluded that intensive TP was an effective, safe, and rapid cytoreductive treatment for ET.
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36
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A. Matthay Z, Zumwinkle Kornblith L. Platelet Imaging. Platelets 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge gained through imaging platelets has formed the backbone of our understanding of their biology in health and disease. Early investigators relied on conventional light microscopy with limited resolution and were primarily able to identify the presence and basic morphology of platelets. The advent of high resolution technologies, in particular, electron microscopy, accelerated our understanding of the dynamics of platelet ultrastructure dramatically. Further refinements and improvements in our ability to localize and reliably identify platelet structures have included the use of immune-labeling techniques, correlative-fluorescence light and electron microscopy, and super-resolution microscopies. More recently, the expanded development and application of intravital microscopy in animal models has enhanced our knowledge of platelet functions and thrombus formation in vivo, as these experimental systems most closely replicate native biological environments. Emerging improvements in our ability to characterize platelets at the ultrastructural and organelle levels include the use of platelet cryogenic electron tomography with quantitative, unbiased imaging analysis, and the ability to genetically label platelet features with electron dense markers for analysis by electron microscopy.
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37
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Moore H, Harken A. Managing microvesicles or Virchow's vicissitude. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 163:696-697. [PMID: 33339596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.09.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, Colo
| | - Alden Harken
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, Calif.
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38
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Nazari M, Javandoost E, Talebi M, Movassaghpour A, Soleimani M. Platelet Microparticle Controversial Role in Cancer. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11:39-55. [PMID: 33747851 PMCID: PMC7961228 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) are a group of micrometer-scale extracellular vesicles released by platelets upon activation that are responsible for the majority of microvesicles found in plasma. PMPs’ physiological properties and functions have long been investigated by researchers. In this regard, a noticeable area of studies has been devoted to evaluating the potential roles and effects of PMPs on cancer progression. Clinical and experimental evidence conflictingly implicates supportive and suppressive functions for PMPs regarding cancer. Many of these functions could be deemed as a cornerstone for future considerations of PMPs usage in cancer targeted therapy. This review discusses what is currently known about PMPs and provides insights for new and possible research directions for further grasping the intricate interplay between PMPs and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Nazari
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Javandoost
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Introduction
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Johnson J, Wu YW, Blyth C, Lichtfuss G, Goubran H, Burnouf T. Prospective Therapeutic Applications of Platelet Extracellular Vesicles. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:598-612. [PMID: 33160678 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is much interest in the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a subcellular therapy for regenerative medicine and drug delivery. Blood-borne platelets represent a source of therapeutic EVs that is so far largely unexplored. Advantages of platelets as a cellular source of EVs include their established clinical value, regulated collection procedures, availability in a concentrated form, propensity to generate EVs, and unique composition and tissue-targeting capacity. This review analyzes the unique potential of platelet-derived (p-) EVs as therapeutic modalities and presents their inherent translational advantages for hemostasis, for regenerative medicine, and as drug-delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jancy Johnson
- Exopharm Ltd, Level 17, 31 Queen Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yu-Wen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chantelle Blyth
- Exopharm Ltd, Level 17, 31 Queen Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Gregor Lichtfuss
- Exopharm Ltd, Level 17, 31 Queen Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hadi Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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40
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Ferreira PM, Bozbas E, Tannetta SD, Alroqaiba N, Zhou R, Crawley JTB, Gibbins JM, Jones CI, Ahnström J, Yaqoob P. Mode of induction of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles is a critical determinant of their phenotype and function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18061. [PMID: 33093473 PMCID: PMC7582134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are the most abundant amongst all types of EVs in the circulation. However, the mechanisms leading to PDEVs release, their role in coagulation and phenotypic composition are poorly understood. PDEVs from washed platelets were generated using different stimuli and were characterised using nanoparticle tracking analysis. Procoagulant properties were evaluated by fluorescence flow cytometry and calibrated automated thrombography. EVs from plasma were isolated and concentrated using a novel protocol involving a combination of size exclusion chromatography and differential centrifugation, which produces pure and concentrated EVs. Agonist stimulation enhanced PDEV release, but did not alter the average size of EVs compared to those produced by unstimulated platelets. Agonist stimulation led to lower negatively-charged phospholipid externalization in PDEVs, which was reflected in the lower procoagulant activity compared to those generated without agonist stimulation. Circulating EVs did not have externalized negatively-charged phospholipids. None of the 4 types of EVs presented tissue factor. The mechanism by which PDEV formation is induced is a critical determinant of its phenotype and function. Importantly, we have developed methods to obtain clean, concentrated and functional EVs derived from platelet-free plasma and washed platelets, which can be used to provide novel insight into their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Ferreira
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - E Bozbas
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - S D Tannetta
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - N Alroqaiba
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - R Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - J T B Crawley
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - C I Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - J Ahnström
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Yaqoob
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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Antich-Rosselló M, Forteza-Genestra MA, Calvo J, Gayà A, Monjo M, Ramis JM. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles promote osteoinduction of mesenchymal stromal cells. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:667-674. [PMID: 33101656 PMCID: PMC7563034 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.910.bjr-2020-0111.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Platelet concentrates, like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet lysate (PL), are widely used in regenerative medicine, especially in bone regeneration. However, the lack of standard procedures and controls leads to high variability in the obtained results, limiting their regular clinical use. Here, we propose the use of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an off-the-shelf alternative for PRP and PL for bone regeneration. In this article, we evaluate the effect of PL-derived EVs on the biocompatibility and differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Methods EVs were obtained first by ultracentrifugation (UC) and then by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) from non-activated PL. EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and the expression of CD9 and CD63 markers by western blot. The effect of the obtained EVs on osteoinduction was evaluated in vitro on human umbilical cord MSCs by messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis of bone markers, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and calcium (Ca2+) content. Results Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was confirmed when treated with UC-isolated EVs. In order to disprove that the effect was due to co-isolated proteins, EVs were isolated by SEC. Purer EVs were obtained and proved to maintain the differentiation effect on MSCs and showed a dose-dependent response. Conclusion PL-derived EVs present an osteogenic capability comparable to PL treatments, emerging as an alternative able to overcome PL and PRP limitations. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(10):667–674.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Antich-Rosselló
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Maria Antònia Forteza-Genestra
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Javier Calvo
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Antoni Gayà
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Marta Monjo
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Joana M Ramis
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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Kis D, Persa E, Szatmári T, Antal L, Bóta A, Csordás IB, Hargitai R, Jezsó B, Kis E, Mihály J, Sáfrány G, Varga Z, Lumniczky K. The effect of ionising radiation on the phenotype of bone marrow-derived extracellular vesicles. Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20200319. [PMID: 32997527 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ionising radiation-induced alterations affecting intercellular communication in the bone marrow (BM) contribute to the development of haematological pathologies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are membrane-coated particles released by cells, have important roles in intercellular signalling in the BM. Our objective was to investigate the effects of ionising radiation on the phenotype of BM-derived EVs of total-body irradiated mice. METHODS CBA mice were irradiated with 0.1 Gy or 3 Gy X-rays. BM was isolated from the femur and tibia 24 h after irradiation. EVs were isolated from the BM supernatant. The phenotype of BM cells and EVs was analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The mean size of BM-derived EVs was below 300 nm and was not altered by ionising radiation. Their phenotype was very heterogeneous with EVs carrying either CD29 or CD44 integrins representing the major fraction. High-dose ionising radiation induced a strong rearrangement in the pool of BM-derived EVs which were markedly different from BM cell pool changes. The proportion of CD29 and CD44 integrin-harbouring EVs significantly decreased and the relative proportion of EVs with haematopoietic stem cell or lymphoid progenitor markers increased. Low-dose irradiation had limited effect on EV secretion. CONCLUSIONS Ionising radiation induced selective changes in the secretion of EVs by the different BM cell subpopulations. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The novelty of the paper consists of performing a detailed phenotyping of BM-derived EVs after in vivo irradiation of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Kis
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Persa
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Antal
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bóta
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Barbara Csordás
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Hargitai
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Jezsó
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kis
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judith Mihály
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
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43
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Weber EA, Singh MV, Singh VB, Jackson JW, Ture SK, Suwunnakorn S, Morrell CN, Maggirwar SB. Novel Mechanism of Microvesicle Regulation by the Antiviral Protein Tetherin During HIV Infection. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015998. [PMID: 32819189 PMCID: PMC7660781 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.015998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Microvesicles are cell membrane-derived vesicles that have been shown to augment inflammation. Specifically, monocyte-derived microvesicles (MDMVs), which can express the coagulation protein tissue factor, contribute to thrombus formation and cardiovascular disease. People living with HIV experience higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and also exhibit increased levels of plasma microvesicles. The process of microvesicle release has striking similarity to budding of enveloped viruses. The surface protein tetherin inhibits viral budding by physically tethering budding virus particles to cells. Hence, we investigated the role of tetherin in regulating the release of MDMVs during HIV infection. Methods and Results The plasma of aviremic HIV-infected individuals had increased levels of tissue factor + MDMVs, as measured by flow cytometry, and correlated to reduced tetherin expression on monocytes. Superresolution confocal and electron microscopy showed that tetherin localized at the site of budding MDMVs. Mechanistic studies revealed that the exposure of monocytes to HIV-encoded Tat triggered tetherin loss and subsequent rise in MDMV production. Overexpression of tetherin in monocytes led to morphologic changes in the pseudopodia directly underneath the MDMVs. Further, tetherin knockout mice demonstrated a higher number of circulating MDMVs and less time to bleeding cessation. Conclusions Our studies define a novel regulatory mechanism of MDMV release through tetherin and explore its contribution to the procoagulatory state that is frequently observed in people with HIV. Such insights could lead to improved therapies for individuals infected with HIV and also for those with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Weber
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Meera V. Singh
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Vir B. Singh
- Department of Basic and Clinical SciencesAlbany College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesRochesterNY
| | - Joseph W. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Sara K. Ture
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Sumanun Suwunnakorn
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Sanjay B. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
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44
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Lazar S, Wurtzel JGT, Chen X, Ma P, Goldfinger LE. High-efficiency unassisted transfection of platelets with naked double-stranded miRNAs modulates signal-activated translation and platelet function. Platelets 2020; 32:794-806. [PMID: 32838617 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1809642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We sought novel approaches to improve transfection efficiencies of microRNAs (miRNAs) in platelets, and to apply these approaches to investigate the roles of miRNAs in regulating signal-activated protein translation and functional effects. We found that ex vivo human platelets support gymnosis---internalization of ectopic miRNAs following co-incubation in the absence of conventional transfection reagents or schemes---and subsequently incorporate transfected miRNA into ARGONAUTE2 (AGO2)-based RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC). Thrombin/fibrinogen stimulation activated translation of miR-223-3p target SEPTIN2, which was suppressed by miR-223-3p transfection in an AGO2/RISC-dependent manner. Thrombin/fibrinogen-induced exosome and microvesicle generation was inhibited by miR-223-3p transfection, and this effect was reversed with a RISC inhibitor. Platelet gymnosis of naked miRNAs appeared to be mediated in part by endocytic pathways including clathrin-dependent and fluid-phase endocytosis and caveolae. These results demonstrate the ability of ex vivo platelets to internalize ectopic miRNAs by unassisted transfection, and utilize them to modulate signal-activated translation and platelet function. Our results identify new roles for miR-223-3p in extracellular vesicle generation in stimulated platelets. High-efficiency gymnotic transfection of miRNAs in ex vivo platelets may be a broadly useful tool for exploring molecular genetic regulation of platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Lazar
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy G T Wurtzel
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peisong Ma
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence E Goldfinger
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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45
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Noulsri E. Effects of Cell-Derived Microparticles on Immune Cells and Potential Implications in Clinical Medicine. Lab Med 2020; 52:122-135. [PMID: 32816040 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, interest has increased in cell-derived microparticles (MPs), which are defined by their size of from 0.1 to 1 μm, and can be derived from various cell types, including endothelial cells, leukocytes, red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets. These MPs carry negatively charged phosphatidylserine (PS) on their surfaces and proteins packaged from numerous cellular components. MPs that have been shed by the body can play important roles in the pathophysiology of diseases and can affect various biological systems. Among these systems, the immune components have been shown to be modulated by MPs. Therefore, understanding the roles of MPs in the immune system is crucial to developing alternative therapeutic treatments for diseases. This review describes the effects of MPs on various immune cells and provides plausible potential applications of the immune-modulating properties of MPs in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egarit Noulsri
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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46
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Tomaiuolo M, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW, Stalker TJ. Use of electron microscopy to study platelets and thrombi. Platelets 2020; 31:580-588. [PMID: 32423268 PMCID: PMC7332414 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1763939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy has been a valuable tool for the study of platelet biology and thrombosis for more than 70 years. Early studies using conventional transmission and scanning electron microscopy (EM) provided a foundation for our initial understanding of platelet structure and how it changes upon platelet activation. EM approaches have since been utilized to study platelets and thrombi in the context of basic, translational and clinical research, and they are instrumental in the diagnosis of multiple platelet function disorders. In this brief review, we provide a sampling of the many contributions EM based studies have made to the field, including both historical highlights and contemporary applications. We will also discuss exciting new imaging modalities based on EM and their utility for the study of platelets, hemostasis and thrombosis into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - John W. Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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47
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Platelets in Healthy and Disease States: From Biomarkers Discovery to Drug Targets Identification by Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124541. [PMID: 32630608 PMCID: PMC7352998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are a heterogeneous small anucleate blood cell population with a central role both in physiological haemostasis and in pathological states, spanning from thrombosis to inflammation, and cancer. Recent advances in proteomic studies provided additional important information concerning the platelet biology and the response of platelets to several pathophysiological pathways. Platelets circulate systemically and can be easily isolated from human samples, making proteomic application very interesting for characterizing the complexity of platelet functions in health and disease as well as for identifying and quantifying potential platelet proteins as biomarkers and novel antiplatelet therapeutic targets. To date, the highly dynamic protein content of platelets has been studied in resting and activated platelets, and several subproteomes have been characterized including platelet-derived microparticles, platelet granules, platelet releasates, platelet membrane proteins, and specific platelet post-translational modifications. In this review, a critical overview is provided on principal platelet proteomic studies focused on platelet biology from signaling to granules content, platelet proteome changes in several diseases, and the impact of drugs on platelet functions. Moreover, recent advances in quantitative platelet proteomics are discussed, emphasizing the importance of targeted quantification methods for more precise, robust and accurate quantification of selected proteins, which might be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, and their strong clinical impact in the near future.
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48
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Mordakhanova ER, Nevzorova TA, Synbulatova GE, Rauova L, Weisel JW, Litvinov RI. Platelet Activation in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia is Followed by Platelet Death via Complex Apoptotic and Non-Apoptotic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072556. [PMID: 32272655 PMCID: PMC7177543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse drug reaction characterized by thrombocytopenia and a high risk for venous or arterial thrombosis. HIT is caused by antibodies that recognize complexes of platelet factor 4 and heparin. The pathogenic mechanisms of this condition are not fully understood. In this study, we used flow cytometry, fluorimetry, and Western blot analysis to study the direct effects of pathogenic immune complexes containing platelet factor 4 on human platelets isolated by gel-filtration. HIT-like pathogenic immune complexes initially caused pronounced activation of platelets detected by an increased expression of phosphatidylserine and P-selectin. This activation was mediated either directly through the FcγRIIA receptors or indirectly via protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) receptors due to thrombin generated on or near the surface of activated platelets. The immune activation was later followed by the biochemical signs of cell death, such as mitochondrial membrane depolarization, up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-XL, and moderate activation of procaspase 3 and increased calpain activity. The results show that platelet activation under the action of HIT-like immune complexes is accompanied by their death through complex apoptotic and calpain-dependent non-apoptotic pathways that may underlie the low platelet count in HIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira R. Mordakhanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russia; (E.R.M.); (T.A.N.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Tatiana A. Nevzorova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russia; (E.R.M.); (T.A.N.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Gulnaz E. Synbulatova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russia; (E.R.M.); (T.A.N.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Lubica Rauova
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - John W. Weisel
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russia; (E.R.M.); (T.A.N.); (G.E.S.)
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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49
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Chernysh IN, Nagaswami C, Kosolapova S, Peshkova AD, Cuker A, Cines DB, Cambor CL, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW. The distinctive structure and composition of arterial and venous thrombi and pulmonary emboli. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5112. [PMID: 32198356 PMCID: PMC7083848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although arterial and venous thromboembolic disorders are among the most frequent causes of mortality and morbidity, there has been little description of how the composition of thrombi and emboli depends on their vascular origin and age. We quantified the structure and composition of arterial and venous thrombi and pulmonary emboli using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Arterial thrombi contained a surprisingly large amount of fibrin, in addition to platelets. The composition of pulmonary emboli mirrored the most distal part of venous thrombi from which they originated, which differed from the structure of the body and head of the same thrombi. All thrombi and emboli contained few biconcave red blood cells but many polyhedrocytes or related forms of compressed red blood cells, demonstrating that these structures are a signature of clot contraction in vivo. Polyhedrocytes and intermediate forms comprised the major constituents of venous thrombi and pulmonary emboli. The structures within all of the thrombi and emboli were very tightly packed, in contrast to clots formed in vitro. There are distinctive, reproducible differences among arterial and venous thrombi and emboli related to their origin, destination and duration, which may have clinical implications for the understanding and treatment of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N Chernysh
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Sofia Kosolapova
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Adam Cuker
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas B Cines
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn L Cambor
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - John W Weisel
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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50
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Reddy EC, Rand ML. Procoagulant Phosphatidylserine-Exposing Platelets in vitro and in vivo. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:15. [PMID: 32195268 PMCID: PMC7062866 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological heterogeneity of platelets leads to diverse responses and the formation of discrete subpopulations upon platelet stimulation. Procoagulant platelets are an example of such subpopulations, a key characteristic of which is exposure either of the anionic aminophospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) or of tissue factor on the activated platelet surface. This review focuses on the former, in which PS exposure on a subpopulation of platelets facilitates assembly of the intrinsic tenase and prothrombinase complexes, thereby accelerating thrombin generation on the activated platelet surface, contributing importantly to the hemostatic process. Mechanisms involved in platelet PS exposure, and accompanying events, induced by physiologically relevant agonists are considered then contrasted with PS exposure resulting from intrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis in platelets. Pathologies of PS exposure, both inherited and acquired, are described. A consideration of platelet PS exposure as an antithrombotic target concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Reddy
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret L Rand
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Biochemistry, and Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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