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Piou V, Vilarem C, Blanchard S, Strub JM, Bertile F, Bocquet M, Arafah K, Bulet P, Vétillard A. Honey Bee Larval Hemolymph as a Source of Key Nutrients and Proteins Offers a Promising Medium for Varroa destructor Artificial Rearing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12443. [PMID: 37569818 PMCID: PMC10419257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Varroa destructor, a major ectoparasite of the Western honey bee Apis mellifera, is a widespread pest that damages colonies in the Northern Hemisphere. Throughout their lifecycle, V. destructor females feed on almost every developmental stage of their host, from the last larval instar to the adult. The parasite is thought to feed on hemolymph and fat body, although its exact diet and nutritional requirements are poorly known. Using artificial Parafilm™ dummies, we explored the nutrition of V. destructor females and assessed their survival when fed on hemolymph from bee larvae, pupae, or adults. We compared the results with mites fed on synthetic solutions or filtered larval hemolymph. The results showed that the parasites could survive for several days or weeks on different diets. Bee larval hemolymph yielded the highest survival rates, and filtered larval plasma was sufficient to maintain the mites for 14 days or more. This cell-free solution therefore theoretically contains all the necessary nutrients for mite survival. Because some bee proteins are known to be hijacked without being digested by the parasite, we decided to run a proteomic analysis of larval honey bee plasma to highlight the most common proteins in our samples. A list of 54 proteins was compiled, including several energy metabolism proteins such as Vitellogenin, Hexamerin, or Transferrins. These molecules represent key nutrient candidates that could be crucial for V. destructor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Piou
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS-Université de Toulouse III-IRD—Université Paul Sabatier, 31077 Toulouse, France; (V.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Caroline Vilarem
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS-Université de Toulouse III-IRD—Université Paul Sabatier, 31077 Toulouse, France; (V.P.); (S.B.)
- M2i Biocontrol–Entreprise SAS, 46140 Parnac, France
| | - Solène Blanchard
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS-Université de Toulouse III-IRD—Université Paul Sabatier, 31077 Toulouse, France; (V.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Jean-Marc Strub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 (CNRS-UdS), 67037 Strasbourg, France (F.B.)
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 (CNRS-UdS), 67037 Strasbourg, France (F.B.)
| | | | - Karim Arafah
- Plateforme BioPark d’Archamps, 74160 Archamps, France
| | - Philippe Bulet
- Plateforme BioPark d’Archamps, 74160 Archamps, France
- Institute pour l’Avancée des Biosciences, CR Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Angélique Vétillard
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS-Université de Toulouse III-IRD—Université Paul Sabatier, 31077 Toulouse, France; (V.P.); (S.B.)
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Unité Métabiot, 22440 Ploufragan, France
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Gordillo-Marañón M, Zwierzyna M, Charoen P, Drenos F, Chopade S, Shah T, Engmann J, Chaturvedi N, Papacosta O, Wannamethee G, Wong A, Sofat R, Kivimaki M, Price JF, Hughes AD, Gaunt TR, Lawlor DA, Gaulton A, Hingorani AD, Schmidt AF, Finan C. Validation of lipid-related therapeutic targets for coronary heart disease prevention using human genetics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6120. [PMID: 34675202 PMCID: PMC8531035 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies use DNA sequence variants in or near a gene encoding a drug target, that alter the target's expression or function, as a tool to anticipate the effect of drug action on the same target. Here we apply MR to prioritize drug targets for their causal relevance for coronary heart disease (CHD). The targets are further prioritized using independent replication, co-localization, protein expression profiles and data from the British National Formulary and clinicaltrials.gov. Out of the 341 drug targets identified through their association with blood lipids (HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides), we robustly prioritize 30 targets that might elicit beneficial effects in the prevention or treatment of CHD, including NPC1L1 and PCSK9, the targets of drugs used in CHD prevention. We discuss how this approach can be generalized to other targets, disease biomarkers and endpoints to help prioritize and validate targets during the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gordillo-Marañón
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Magdalena Zwierzyna
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
| | - Pimphen Charoen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Sandesh Chopade
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
| | - Tina Shah
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Olia Papacosta
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Goya Wannamethee
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Reecha Sofat
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jackie F Price
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Alun D Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- Bristol NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- Bristol NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Anna Gaulton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
| | - Amand F Schmidt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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